统考版2022届高考英语一轮复习必修3Unit8Adventure课时提能练含解析北师大版20210218222学案

这是一份统考版2022届高考英语一轮复习必修3Unit8Adventure课时提能练含解析北师大版20210218222学案，共14页。学案主要包含了语篇解读，干扰项分析等内容，欢迎下载使用。

Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·广东惠州市第二次调研)Need a fall fix? Try ne frm these great places.
1．Mackinac Island，Michigan
The nly way t reach this famed car­free island is by bat，and nce visitrs arrive，they're attracted by the histry，scenery and fall clrs.“It's a thrwback t years past，a little twn，and there's a big state park as well，” Blackwell says.“Yu're allwed t have bats all arund the island.”
2．Tellic Lake，Tennessee
With nearly 400 miles f shreline，this waterway flwing ut f the Great Smky Muntains is largely unexplited，well­prtected in its natural state.Fall visitrs find a range f clrs reflected in the clean waters，says Blackwell，wh vacatined in the area with his family as a child.“ The thick frest there just allws yu t see mre greenery and wildlife.”
3．Dilln Reservir，Clrad
With an hur frm Denver，this lake is hme t what claims t be the natin's highest sailing club，at an altitude f mre than 9,000 feet.Marinas in the twns f Dilln and Frisc make it easy t get ut n the water and t see the bright yellws and glds f fall leaves.“Peple are surprised that there's bating in Clrad，and yu can see the muntains just befre the snwfall，” Blackwell says.
4．Lake Mnre，Indiana
The state's largest lake is surrunded by mre than 13,000 acres f prtected frest and three recreatin areas，making it an ideal place t see fall clrs，particularly frm aks and the tulip pplar，the state tree.“It's a gem (风景优美的地方) in suthern Indiana，” says Blackwell，wh grew up in the area.“There are lts f different activities: caneing，kayaking and fishing.”
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了美国的四个值得在秋天参观的旅游景点。
1．What is special abut Mackinac Island?
A．It's like a mdern city.
B．Visitrs can't take bats arund it.
C．Visitrs can see varius kinds f wildlife there.
D．Visitrs can't g there by car.
D [细节理解题。根据Mackinac Island，Michigan部分中的“The nly way t reach this famed car­free island is by bat”可知，到达这个著名的无车之岛的唯一途径是乘船，故选D。]
2．Which is suitable fr smene lking fr an undevelped place fr vacatin?
A．Mackinac Island，Michigan.
B．Tellic Lake，Tennessee.
C．Dilln Reservir，Clrad.
D．Lake Mnre，Indiana.
B [细节理解题。根据Tellic Lake，Tennessee部分中的“With nearly 400 miles f largely unexplited，well­prtected in its natural state”可知，这条从大烟山流出的水路有近400英里的海岸线，大部分未被开发，在自然状态下得到了很好的保护，故选B。]
3．What d the fur places have in cmmn?
A．Blackwell nce travelled there.
B．They are all famus turist destinatins.
C．They are surrunded by thick frests.
D．Visitrs can enjy fall clrs there.
D [细节理解题。根据Mackinac Island，Michigan部分中的“they're attracted by the histry，scenery and fall clrs”；Tellic Lake，Tennessee部分中的“Fall visitrs find a range f clrs”；Dilln Reservir，Clrad部分中的“t see the bright yellws and glds f fall leaves”和Lake Mnre，Indiana部分中的“making it an ideal place t see fall clrs”可知，四处景点的共同之处是：游客可以在那里欣赏秋天的颜色，故选D。]
B
(2020·昆明市“三诊一模”摸底诊断测试)Very few animals except dlphins，chimpanzees (黑猩猩)，and elephants have ever passed the mirrr test fr self­ recgnitin.Scientists believe they have fund a fish able t recgnize itself in a mirrr.The result is surprising because this ability is usually nly fund in animals with bigger brains.Even humans dn't usually pass the mirrr test until they are abut a year and a half ld.
T test the wrasse (隆头鱼)，a small fish in the sea，scientists put each wrasse in a tank with a mirrr.They gave the fish a chance t get used t the mirrr and watched their reactins.At first，the wrasses challenged the“ther fish” by swimming up t the mirrr and “fighting” them with the muth.But sn the wrasses seemed t understand that smething funny was happening.They began t swim tward the mirrr upside dwn r in ther unusual ways.It was like they were testing whether the fish in the mirrr were really themselves.
Once the wrasses seemed used t the mirrr，the scientists gave the wrasses a mark by putting the fish t sleep and injecting smething under their skin.Sme f the fish gt a brwn mark.Other fish gt a clear“mark”that didn't have a clr and culdn't be seen in a mirrr.
After lking in the mirrr，the wrasses with the brwn marks wuld rub the area with the mark against the sand in the bttm f the tank.Then they wuld g back and lk in the mirrr again，as if checking if the mark was still there.But when wrasses with brwn marks were put in tanks withut mirrrs，they didn't try t rub their marks away.And wrasses with clear “marks” didn't either，even when they culd see themselves in the mirrr.
The unexpected results are making sme peple lk hard fr ther ways t explain hw the wrasses reacted.S even thugh the wrasses seem t have passed the mirrr test，the scientists will need sme time t reflect n exactly what that means.
【语篇解读】 除海豚、黑猩猩和大象这三种动物外，很少有动物能够通过在镜子中自我辨认的测试。但科学家们发现海洋中的一种小鱼能够通过在镜子中自我辨认的测试，这让科学家们很吃惊。
4．Why d the scientists feel surprised abut the result?
A．The fish has a big brain.
B．The fish succeeded in passing the mirrr test.
C．Chimpanzees are as clever as dlphins.
D．Elephants failed t pass the mirrr test.
B [细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句可知，科学家们认为他们发现一种鱼能够在镜子中辨认自己，这种能力通常只有具有较大的大脑的动物才具备，但是有一种鱼也能在镜子中辨认自己，所以科学家们感到吃惊，故选B项。]
5．What did the scientists take ntice f the wrasses at first?
A．They swam in unusual ways.
B．They wanted t challenge themselves.
C．They thught the mirrr interesting.
D．They were unaware f themselves in the mirrr.
D [细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“At first，the the muth”可知，科学家们注意到这种鱼一开始向镜子中的“其他鱼”挑战，并用嘴攻击镜中的它们。由此可知，隆头鱼不知道镜中的影像是自己。故选D项。]
6．Hw did the fish with brwn marks react in the mirrr test?
A．They wuld rub the area with the marks against sand.
B．They wuld pay n attentin t marks.
C．They wuld rest in the bttm f the tank.
D．They wuld swim upside dwn t the mirrr.
A [细节理解题。根据第四段首句可知，带有褐色记号的鱼会在水槽底部的沙子上摩擦带有记号的部位，故选A项。]
7．Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Why Are Fish Smarter than Expected?
B．D Clrs Affect the Experiment?
C．Hw Is the Mirrr Test Cnducted?
D．Can Fish Recgnize Themselves in the Mirrr?
D [标题判断题。根据第一段第二句“Scientists believe they have fund a fish able t recgnize itself in a mirrr”并结合第二至第四段介绍的测试过程可知，本文主要介绍了科学家们发现海洋中的一种鱼也能通过在镜子中识别自己的测试，故D项适合作文章标题。]
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·郑州市高中毕业年级第一次质量预测)Five years ag，I tk a career risk by leaving my jb t wrk n a ship.My medical friends did their best t persuade me，saying that running away t sea wuld __1__my career.But after these years wrking as a junir dctr，I was willing t take the risk.
__2__fr adventure，I barded a ship in Singapre with 2,000 passengers and crew.T my __3__，the hspital was well equipped，with an X­ray machine and a bld analyser.That first vyage was a learning experience，a__4___schedule full f safety drills.There was s much new infrmatin t__5__.Even remembering which unifrm t wear each day was a __6__.Mst cnfused，I ften frgt t __7__ my clck when the ship crssed time znes.
As a dctr，I was__8__fr the 600 crew，and I was n call fr the entire ship.Far frm __9__seasickness and sunburn，I had t deal with ther diseases，fr I have different kinds f patients.The ship's medical center was __10__ a flating emergency rm，and we didn't have a team f specialists n hand fr a secnd __11__.With lng and unpredictable hurs，it required mental __12__.
As yu can guess，many f the passengers were elderly.Heart attacks dn't __13__ gegraphy and emergency evacuatins(疏散)were difficult t arrange.I culd remember ne such patient，wh was taken ff the ship halfway thrugh the Panama Canal.After a __14__ride in an ld ambulance，I was relieved that the patient__15__ lng enugh t arrive at the hspital in Panama City.
__16__，there were several unexpected benefits f the jb.I regularly __17__ the passenger facilities (设施)．On rare days ff ，I __18__as a tur guide n trips ashre.I gt t fly ver Alaska in a seaplane and watched a ballet in St Petersburg.
Nw，I understand being a ship dctr is nt a jb — it's a way f __19__.One year at sea became tw.I lst my career ambitins，__20__I redefined happiness in my life.
【语篇解读】 五年前，作者辞去了原有的工作去船上当医生。在此过程中，作者遭遇了很多挑战，但这份工作也有一些出乎意料的好处；作者失去了职业目标，但重新定义了自己生活中的幸福。
1．A.blckB．build
C．ruin D．imprve
C [根据语境和前一句中的“tk a career”可推知，作者医学界的朋友尽力劝作者不要辞职去船上当医生，他们说这会毁了作者的职业生涯。]
2．A.HungryB．Skilful
C．Suitable D．Cncerned
A [根据第一段表述的作者的朋友劝作者不要辞职而作者却坚持这样做并结合语境可知，作者渴求冒险。]
3．A.shck B．disappintment
C．excitement D．relief
D [根据该句中的“the hspital was well equipped”与上文中的“risk”形成对比可推知，作者上船后发现医院设备精良，并不像自己之前所设想的那么糟糕，因此感到庆幸。t ne's relief表示“令某人庆幸的是”。]
4．A.dailyB．tight
C．strict D．flexible
B [根据该句中的“full f safety drills”可推知，第一次海上航行日程安排得满，有很多安全演练。tight“(时间)紧的”。]
5．A.take inB．figure ut
C．search fr D．pick ver
A [根据上文中的“That first vyage was a learning experience”可推知，第一次海上航行是一次学习的经历，作者有许多新的信息需要吸收。take sth.in“理解，记住，领会”；pick sth.ver“筛选”。]
6．A.living B．risk
C．challenge D．chice
C [根据前一句可知，作者有很多新的信息需要吸收，并结合语境可推知，记得每天穿哪套制服对作者来讲也是一个挑战。]
7．A.watch B．repair
C．check D．set
D [根据空后的“my clck”和“crssed time znes”并结合常识可推知，作者在船跨过时区时经常忘记调整好时钟。set“调整好”。]
8．A.pwerful B．respnsible
C．hpeful D．helpful
B [根据该句中的“I was n call fr the entire ship”可推知，作为一名医生，作者要对船上的600名工作人员负责，对整个船上的人来说，作者要随叫随到。be respnsible fr “对……负责”。]
9．A.treatingB．suffering
C．escaping D．stpping
A [根据该句中的“I had t deal with ther diseases”可知，作者不仅仅要治疗晕船和晒伤，还要应对其他疾病。far frm ding sth.“远非”。]
10．A.exactly B．particularly
C．certainly D．actually
D [根据语境可知，作者觉得这个医疗中心实际上就是一个漂浮的急诊室，他们并没有一个专家团队可随时用来征询其他的意见。exactly“精确地，确切地”。]
11．A.examinatin B．cnsideratin
C．pinin D．discussin
C [参见上题解析。]
12．A.cmfrt B．cmmunicatin
C．tughness D．pressure
C [根据该句中的“with lng and unpredictable hurs”可推知，在精神上也需要很坚强。故选C项。]
13．A.care abutB．refer t
C．bther with D．rely n
A [根据语境并结合常识可知，心脏病发作不分地点，在船上安排紧急疏散很困难。care abut“关注，在意”符合语境。bther with sth.“花费时间精力做某事”。]
14．A.relaxing B．bring
C．prmising D．terrifying
D [根据该句中的“in an ld ambulance”和“I was relieved”可推知，当时在陈旧的救护车上经历了一段可怕的行程。terrifying“极其可怕的”符合语境。prmising“有希望的，有前途的”。]
15．A.survived B．struggled
C．awke D．stuck
A [根据该句中的“I was relieved”可推知，那位病人最终活着到了医院，作者也松了一口气。]
16．A.Steadily B．Thankfully
C．Imprtantly D．Generally
B [根据该句中的“there were several unexpected benefits f the jb”并结合上文所讲的作者在从事这项工作的过程中遇到的一些挑战可推知，此处表示“幸亏，这项工作有一些意想不到的好处”。]
17．A.cleanedB．fixed
C．enjyed D．prtected
C [结合上文中的“unexpected benefits”可推知，此处表示作者经常享受乘客设施。]
18．A.returned B．travelled
C．perfrmed D．vlunteered
D [根据该句中的“On rare days ff”和“as a tur guide”以及作者的医生身份可推知，作者在休息日自愿当导游。]
19．A.cnfidenceB．life
C．experienceD．success
B [根据下文中的“I redefined happiness in my life”并结合作者在船上的工作经历和休息日的活动可推知，在船上当医生不仅仅是一个职业，而且也是一种生活方式。]
20．A.thughB．unless
C．but D．r
C [该句中的“I lst my career ambitins”和“I redefined happiness in my life”构成逻辑上的转折关系，故选C。]
课时提能练(十六)
必修3 Unit 8 Adventure(B)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·云南省高中毕业生复习统一检测)Peple wh grw up left­handed have a different，mre flexible brain structure than thse brn t take life by the right hand，say researchers at the University f Califrnia，Ls Angeles.
The reasn is that right­handers have genes that frce their brains int a slightly mre ne­sided structure，accrding t the research.Left­handers appear t be missing thse genes.
“There really is a difference in brains that results in a mre symmetric (对称的) brain in left­handers，where the tw sides are mre equal，” said Daniel Geschwind，wh led the research team.
In the effrt t understand hw the brain shapes the mind，researchers have been trying t dcument the way genes and envirnment affect intelligence and mental abilities.They fund that right­r left­handedness is determined by genes.If a persn has the gene fr right­handedness，that persn will be right­handed.Peple wh d nt have that gene，hwever，can be either left­ r right­handed.There is n specific gene fr left­handedness.
Right­handers typically have larger left brains，where their language abilities are cncentrated.Cnversely，left­handers have mre balanced brains.The language abilities f left­handers mre ften are cncentrated n the right side.
The UCLA researchers cnducted brain scans n 72 pairs f male identical twins (同卵双胞胎) between 75 and 85 years ld.They nticed that if identical twins carry the gene fr hand preference，bth must be right­handed.If they lack the gene，ne twin can develp right­handed while the ther can develp left­handed.
The researchers fund that the brains f identical right­handed twins were very similar in size and structure.But when a left­hander was part f the twin set，the brains were different.The cnclusin is that the absence f the gene fr hand preference allws the brain t develp differently as the individual grws up，researchers said.
【语篇解读】 美国加州大学洛杉矶分校的研究人员发现，人们习惯用哪只手是由基因决定的。
1．What is the finding f the researchers f UCLA?
A．Left­handers have mre balanced brains.
B．Right­handers have mre flexible brains.
C．Left­handers' brains are mre ne­sided.
D．Right­handers' brains are mre symmetric.
A [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“that results in a mre symmetric(对称的) brain in left­handers，where the tw sides are mre equal”以及第五段中的“left­handers have mre balanced brains”可知，惯用左手的人有更加平衡的大脑，故选A。]
2．Which element determines a persn's hand preference?
A．Envirnment. B．Intelligence.
C．Habits. D．Genes.
D [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“They fund that right­r left­handedness is determined by genes”可知，人们习惯用哪只手是由基因决定的，故选D。]
3．What can be said abut identical twins?
A．They always have similar brain structure.
B．They never carry the gene fr hand preference.
C．They have different genes fr hand preference.
D．They can have different hand preference.
D [推理判断题。根据第六段中的“If they lack the gene，ne twin can develp right­handed while the ther can develp left­handed”可推知，即使是同卵双胞胎也有可能会有不同的惯用手，故选D。]
4．What did the UCLA team research n?
A．Peple's genetic makeup.
B．Peple's hand preference.
C．Peple's brain sizes.
D．Peple's cmmunicative skills.
B [推理判断题。根据第六和第七段的内容并结合文章的其他内容可知，加州大学洛杉矶分校的研究人员研究了人们有不同的惯用手的原因，所以B项正确。]
B
(2020·沈阳市级教学质量监测)Bwhead whales (弓头鲸) can live 200 years r lnger.Hw they d it is n lnger amng the secrets f the deep.Scientists have mapped the genetic cde f this lng­lived whale species.The internatinal effrt fund unusual features in the Arctic whale's genes.Thse features likely prtect the species against cancer and ther prblems related t ld age.
“We hpe t learn what is the secret f bwhead whales living lnger，healthier lives，” said Ja Pedr de Magalhaes.He is a gerntlgist ( a persn wh studies the prcess f peple grwing ld) at the University f Liverpl in England.He is als the c­authr f the study that appeared n January 6,2015 in Cell Reprts.His team hped that its new findings might ne day be used “t imprve human health and lengthen human life”．
N ther mammal is knwn t live as lng as the bwhead.Scientists have shwn that sme f these whales have lived well beynd 100 — including ne that survived t 211.
Magalhaes' team wanted t understand hw the bwhead can live s lng.T study this，the experts analyzed the animal's cmplete set f genes，called its genme (基因组)．The team als cmpared the whale's genme t that f humans，mice and cws.
The scientists discvered differences，including mutatins (突变)，in the whale's genes.Thse changes are linked t cancer，ageing and cell grwth.The results suggest that the whales are better than humans at repairing their DNA.That's imprtant because damaged r flawed DNA can lead t diseases，including sme cancers.
Bwhead whales are als better at keeping abnrmally dividing cells in check.Tgether，the changes appear t allw bwhead whales t live lnger withut develping age­related diseases such as cancer，said Magalhaes.
【语篇解读】 本文介绍了英国利物浦大学的老年学专家Ja Pedr de Magalhaes及其团队通过分析弓头鲸的基因组，并将其与人类、老鼠等的基因组比较之后发现，弓头鲸长寿的秘诀在于其更擅长修复DNA以及控制异常分裂的细胞。
5．What d we learn abut bwhead whales?
A．Their average life is 100.
B．They live in the Arctic Ocean.
C．They dn't have ageing prblems.
D．They are the lngest­lived animals.
B [推理判断题。 根据第一段的内容，尤其是第四句“The internatinal effrt fund unusual features in the Arctic whale's genes”可推知，弓头鲸生活在北冰洋，故选B。]
【干扰项分析】 由第一段第三句“Scientists have mapped the genetic cde f this lng­lived whale species”和第三段第一句“N ther mammal is knwn t live as lng as the bwhead”可知，文章只是提到弓头鲸是一种长寿的鲸类，没有其他哺乳动物像弓头鲸一样长寿，并没有说弓头鲸是最长寿的动物，故D项错误；另外，考生应特别注意选项中出现的最高级表达，这类选项大多数情况下为错误选项。
6．Why did scientists map the genetic cde f bwhead whales?
A．T lengthen human life.
B．T find ut a cure fr cancer.
C．T prevent age­related diseases.
D．T discver the secret f lng life.
D [细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“We hpe t learn what is the secret f bwhead whales living lnger，healthier lives”可知，Ja Pedr de Magalhaes及其团队了解弓头鲸遗传密码信息的原因是要发现其长寿的秘诀，故D项正确。]
7．What allws bwhead whales t live a lnger and healthier life?
A．Cell divisin.
B．Gene mutatin.
C．The gd DNA repair system.
D．Perfect living envirnment.
C [推理判断题。根据第五段最后两句“The results suggest that the whales are better than humans at repairing their DNA.That's imprtant because damaged r flawed DNA can lead t diseases，including sme cancers”可推知，弓头鲸更长寿且更健康的原因之一是其良好的DNA修复系统，故选C。]
8．In which sectin f a newspaper may this text appear?
A．Entertainment. B．Culture.
C．Educatin. D．Scientific research.
D [文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了Ja Pedr de Magalhaes及其团队通过分析和对比的方法发现了弓头鲸长寿的秘诀，故本文可能出现在报纸的科学研究版块，故选D。]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2020·兰州市诊断考试)
Learning t Give a Pep Talk (打气)
Everyne wants t be the type f persn wh gives the critical talk that turns arund a friend's utlk.Hwever，giving a gd pep talk isn't easy.__1__ .Yu need t nt nly listen and understand，but als stress the ther persn's strengths.Yu als need t knw when t stp talking.
“A lt f peple think they are giving a pep talk，but they are just saying what they wuld want t hear，” says Stacy Kaiser，a psychtherapist (心理治疗师) in Ls Angeles.
Instead f instantly telling smene what t d，ask him what actin he has thught abut taking and why he thinks it will be beneficial.“Dn't jump right in and insist ‘Yu'll be fine，’ ” says Kaiser.__2__ .Repeat the cncerns fr the persn ut lud，s he feels heard.Then，shw yur friend that yu believe in him and that he has what it takes t get thrugh this hard time.Stress his strengths.
__3__.Yu can't guarantee success，but yu can remind the persn that he has been thrugh a tugh time befre and has gtten thrugh it.
At last，Kaiser says yu must knw when t stp.“__4__ .Dn't argue if the persn disagrees with what yu are saying.Instead，tell him ‘I am srry yu are having such a hard time.’ And then back dwn.”
Kaiser says he has learned t give gd pep talks by giving bad nes.He lst a number f lved nes during a shrt perid.“Timing is everything.” There is a time t give a pep talk，and there is a time t just listen.__5__.
A．Let yur friend have his mment
B．Give yur pep talk and then shut up
C．Arguing with yur friend makes n sense
D．Shw yur friend that yu understand why he is sad
E．He isn't interested in what his best friends really need
F．It requires an understanding f what yur audience needs
G．It is als imprtant t remember that pep talks are abut hpe
【语篇解读】 本文主要论述了给别人打气的方法，包括关心令朋友伤心的事情、注意倾听、将时间交给朋友、选择合适时机停止说话等。
1．F [根据下文可知，你不仅需要倾听和理解，还要强调别人的长处，知道在什么时候停止说话；据此可以推知，你需要理解你的听众需要什么。故F项正确。]
2．D [根据后一句“Repeat the cncerns fr the persn ut lud，s he feels heard”可知，你要大声说出对这个人的关心；据此可以推知，空处表示“要向朋友表现出你理解他为什么会伤心”，故D项正确。]
3．G [根据空处所在的位置可知，空处为该段主题句，根据空后的“Yu can't guarantee success，but yu can remind the persn that he has been thrugh a tugh time befre and has gtten thrugh it”可知，你可以提醒朋友他之前已经经历过一段艰难的时期，并且已经挺过来了。据此可以推知，该段主要陈述要鼓励朋友看到希望，故G项与此处匹配。]
4．B [由前一句可知，本段主要陈述选择时机停止说话；结合下文可知，在鼓励朋友之后，选择恰当时机停止说话，而不是和朋友争论，故B项正确。]
5．A [根据上句中的“and there is a time t just listen”可知，在给朋友打气时要学会倾听，将时间交给朋友，故A项正确。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·洛阳市第二次统一考试)I've nticed many peple having a cld，and it's nt even fall yet.Why des the cld ccur mre frequently during the fall and winter 1.________(mnth)? It's actually nt the cld weather 2.________(it) that causes the cld.But rather，it is mst likely t be caused by peple spending 3.________(much) time indrs clse t each ther，making the spread f germs (病菌) mre readily.This is anther reasn 4.________children in the day care centre r schl are mre likely t pick up the cld.
When I wrked in a dctr's clinic a few years back，it was ne f the 5.________(lead) reasns why peple visited the dctr in fall and winter.Millins f peple suffer frm the cld each year.As a result，schl 6._________(absent) is frequently reprted，with arund 22 millin days annually.
Hw can yu avid getting a cld? Amng the cmmnly 7.________(recgnize) tips，washing yur hands is 8.________mst imprtant ne.The cld is spread either by directly tuching infected secretins (分泌物)，r by taking 9.________the airbrne particles(微粒)．Als，cld and flu viruses get int the bdy via the eyes，nse，r muth.S，10.________(try) t avid tuching yur face，especially withut washing yur hands first.
【语篇解读】 文章主要分析了秋冬季节人容易感冒的原因及预防感冒的措施。
1．mnths [考查名词的单复数。根据空前的“the fall and winter”并结合常识可知，秋冬季节不止一个月，故填名词的复数形式。]
2．itself [考查代词。根据语境可知，此处表示“事实上，并不是寒冷的天气本身导致了感冒”，故应填反身代词itself。]
3．mre [考查限定词的比较级。根据该句中的“mre readily”可知，此处也应表示比较的含义，故填限定词的比较级。]
4．why [考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导定语从句，在从句中作原因状语，先行词为anther reasn，故填why。]
5．leading [考查形容词。修饰名词reasns要用形容词，故填leading，意为“主要的”。]
6．absence [考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处所填的词要与schl一起构成句子的主语，又结合语境可知，此处表示缺课，故填名词absence。]
7．recgnized [考查非谓语动词。此处修饰后面的名词tips且该空前有副词cmmnly修饰，故要用过去分词形式recgnized，意为“被认可的”。]
8．the [考查冠词。此处mst imprtant是形容词的最高级；在句中作定语修饰ne，其前一般要加the。]
9．in [考查介词。此处表示“或者通过吸入空气传播的微粒”，take in意为“吸入”，为固定用法。]
10．try [此处表示建议，应用以动词原形开头的祈使句，故填try。]
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2020·南昌市一模)Yesterday we went t a nearby villages t help the peasants get in the crps.We leave ur schl early in the mrning.It tk us half an hur t reach village.As sn as we gt here，we jined in the peasants in their harvesting wrk.They taught me hw t cut rice and hw t tie it.It was in the fields which we had ur lunch.After lunch，we had a shrt rest.We were attract by the beautiful scenery f the cuntryside.It gt darker when we returned hme.We were very tired，but we felt pleasing.
[答案]
Yesterday we went t a nearby eq \f(villages,village) t help the peasants get in the crps.We eq \f(leave,left) ur schl early in the mrning.It tk us half an hur t reach eq \(\s\up7(∧),\s\d5(the)) village.As sn as we gt eq \f(here,there)，we jined eq \(in,＼) the peasants in their harvesting wrk.They taught eq \f(me,us) hw t cut rice and hw t tie it.It was in the fields eq \f(which,that) we had ur lunch.After lunch，we had a shrt rest.We were eq \f(attract,attracted) by the beautiful scenery f the cuntryside.It gt eq \f(darker,dark) when we returned hme.We were very tired，but we felt eq \f(pleasing,pleased).