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统考版2022届高考英语一轮复习必修1Unit1Lifestyles课时提能练含解析北师大版20210218215学案
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这是一份统考版2022届高考英语一轮复习必修1Unit1Lifestyles课时提能练含解析北师大版20210218215学案，共14页。学案主要包含了语篇解读，干扰项分析等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·浙江余姚模拟)The evidence fr harmny may nt be bvius in sme families.But it seems that fur ut f five yung peple nw get n well with their parents，which is the ppsite f the ppularlyheld image f unhappy teenagers lcked in their rm after endless family quarrels.
An imprtant new study int teenage attitudes surprisingly shws that their family life is mre harmnius than it had ever been in the past.“We were surprised by just hw psitive tday's yung peple seem t be abut their families，” said ne member f the research team.“They're expected t be rebellius(叛逆的) and selfish but actually they have ther things n their minds: they want a car and material gds，and they wrry abut whether schl is serving them well.There's mre negtiatin(商议) and discussin between parents and children，and children expect t take part in the family decisinmaking prcess.They dn't want t rck the bat.”
S it seems that this generatin f parents is much mre likely than parents f 30 years ag t treat their children as friends.“My parents are happy t discuss things with me and willing t listen t me，” says 17yearld Daniel Lazall.“I always tell them when I'm ging ut clubbing.As lng as they knw what I'm ding，they're fine with me.” Susan Crme，wh is nw 21，agrees.“Lking back n the last 10 years，there was a lt f what yu culd call negtiatin.Fr example，as lng as I'd dne all my hmewrk，I culd g ut n a Saturday night.But I think my grandparents were a lt stricter with my parents than that.”
Maybe this psitive view f family life shuld nt be unexpected.It is pssible that the idea f teenage rebellin(反抗) is nt rted in real facts.A researcher cmments，“Our surprise that teenagers say they get alng well with their parents cmes because f a brief perid in ur scial histry when teenagers were regarded as different beings.But that idea f rebelling and breaking away frm their parents really nly happened during that ne time in the 1960s when everyne rebelled.The nrmal situatin thrughut histry has been a smth change frm helping ut with the family business t taking it ver.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。一个重要的新研究表明： 与三十年前的父母相比，现在的父母给孩子更多的自由；这一代的父母更有可能像朋友一样对待自己的孩子，所以他们的家庭生活比以往过去的任何时候都更加和谐。
1．Accrding t the authr，teenage rebellin ________.
A．may be a false belief
B．is cmmn nwadays
C．existed nly in the 1960s
D．resulted frm changes in families
A [推理判断题。根据第四段“It is pssible that the idea f teenage rebellin is nt rted in real facts(青少年叛逆可能不是事实)”推出“may be a false belief”。故选A。]
2．The study shws that teenagers dn't want t _______.
A．share family respnsibility
B．cause truble in their families
C．g bating with their family
D．make family decisins
B [细节理解题。根据文章第二段“There's mre negtiatin and discussin between parents and children，and children expect t take part in the family decisinmaking prcess.They dn't want t rck the bat.”看出“孩子们与父母讨论协商，期待参与家庭一些决策，但他们不想rck the bat”，意思是t d sth.that upsets a situatin and causes prblems(捣乱，惹麻烦)，推出答案B。]
3．Cmpared with parents f 30 years ag，tday's parents ________.
A．g t clubs mre ften with their children
B．are much stricter with their children
C．care less abut their children's life
D．give their children mre freedm
D [细节理解题。根据文章第三段所给的一些事例及“But I think my grandparents were a lt stricter with my parents than that.”可知与30年前的父母相比，现在的父母给他们的孩子更多的自由，所以选D。]
4．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Negtiatin in family.
B．Educatin in family.
C．Harmny in family.
D．Teenage truble in family.
C [主旨大意题。根据文章第一句(本文的主题句)，可知这篇文章主要讲了家庭的和谐问题，所以选C。]
B
(2020·洛阳市上学期尖子生第一次联考)I was a newcmer in a class.S was Alice.That's where the similarity ended.I was tall and she was small.My thick，black hair had been recently cut shrt.Her natural blnde hair flwed t her waist and lked great.I was awkward and shy.She wasn't.I culdn't stand her.I cnsidered her my enemy.She liked me.She wanted t be my friend.
One day，she invited me ver and I said yes—I was t shcked t answer any ther way.N ne had invited me ver t play.But this girl wh wre the latest fashins wanted me t g hme with her after schl.I gt very surprised when she led me int an apartment building.She lived n the furth flr in a threerm place with her mther，her stepfather，her tw brthers and her sister.When we gt t the rm she shared with her sister，she tk ut a big case f Barbies，which was my next surprise.I wuld have thught she'd utgrwn them.I had never played with them.But we sat n the flr f a walkin clset，laughing as we made up crazy stries abut the Barbies.That's when we fund ut that we bth wanted t be writers when we were lder and we bth had wild imaginatins.We had a great day that afternn.Our jaws ached frm smiling s much.She shwed me her wardrbe，which had mstly cme frm a clthing stre dwn the blck.The wman wh wned it used her as a mdel smetimes fr her newspaper ads and gave her clthes in exchange.
Alice had the whle neighbrhd charmed.The bkstre wners lent her fashin magazines，the mvie theater gave her free passes and the pizza place let her have free slices.Sn I was included in her magic wrld.We slept ver at each ther's huses，and spent every free mment tgether.My dark hair grew and I learned t lve being tall.
Alice，my first real friend since childhd，taught me an amazing and very surprising thing abut making friends that yur wrst enemy can turn ut t be yur best friend.
【语篇解读】 作者讲述了自己小时候与爱丽丝交朋友的经历。原本作者认为自己与爱丽丝有很多不同之处，视爱丽丝为敌人，而爱丽丝却喜欢作者，并邀请作者去她家里。之后，作者更加了解爱丽丝，发现了两人之间更多的相似之处。最后她们成了好朋友。
5．What made the similarity end?
A．Leaving the authr's ld schl.
B．Being admitted t their new classes.
C．Their differences in appearances and persnalities.
D．Their different demand fr friendship and fashin.
C [细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，两个人不同的外表和性格使得她们的相似之处结束了，故选C。]
6．What did the authr think f the Barbies?
A．Alice was t mature fr them.
B．Alice must have made them by herself.
C．They shuld have been kept well.
D．They brught her back t her childhd.
A [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“she tk ut a big case f Barbies，which was my next surprise.I wuld have thught she'd utgrwn them”可知，作者认为爱丽丝已经长大了，不适合再玩芭比娃娃。utgrw意为“因长大而不适用……”。故选A。]
7．We can infer frm the passage that Alice ________.
A．helped the authr see her wn strengths
B．was gd with the peple arund her
C．helped t bring ut the best in the authr
D．inspired the authr's lve fr fashin
B [推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“The bkstre wners lent slices”可知，书店老板借给爱丽丝时尚杂志，电影院给她免费的入场券，比萨店让她品尝免费的比萨块，由此可推知，爱丽丝善于与周围的人打交道，故选B。]
【干扰项分析】 由于受到文中“this girl wh wre the latest fashins”和最后一段的干扰，部分考生易做出错误的选择。“wh wre the latest fashins”仅仅是描述Alice，并没有涉及作者，故排除D项；最后一段是对文章的总结，没有提到Alice帮助作者表现出她最好的一面。故排除C项。
8．Which f the fllwing best describes Alice?
A．Humrus.B．Ambitius.
C．Caring.D．Friendly.
D [推理判断题。通读全文可知，原本在作者眼中爱丽丝是她的敌人，但是爱丽丝却想和作者成为朋友；她邀请作者去她家里玩，最后她们成为好朋友；而且爱丽丝与她自己周围的人都建立了很好的关系，由此可推知，爱丽丝是友好的。故选D。]
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·重庆市第一次学业质量调研抽测)It was a Sunday mrning n a subway in New Yrk.Peple were sitting __1__ — sme reading newspapers，sme lst in thught，sme resting with their eyes clsed.It was a calm and peaceful scene.Then__2__，a man and his children entered the subway car quickly.The children in it were s __3__ and active that the whle __4__f the car instantly changed.
The man sat dwn next t me and clsed his eyes，apparently __5__ f the situatin.The children were screaming，running back and frth，thrwing things，and even grabbing peple's papers，and __6__，the man sitting next t me did nthing.
It was difficult nt t feel __7__.I culdn't believe that he was __8__ his children t run wild like that，and was taking n __9__ at all.It was __10__ t see that everyne else n the subway felt annyed.
S finally，I turned t him and said，“Sir，yur children are really __11__ a lt f peple.Culd yu __12__ them a little mre？”
The man lifted his eyes and said sftly，“Oh，yu're __13__，I guess I shuld d smething abut it.We just came frm the hspital where their mther __14__ abut an hur ag.I dn't knw what t d，and I guess they dn't knw hw t __15__ it either.”
Can yu __16__ what I felt at that mment? Suddenly，I saw things differently，my anger was __17__.I didn't have t wrry abut cntrlling my attitude r my behavir，my heart was __18__the man's pain.Nw，instead f frustratin，feelings f __19__filled my heart.Everything__20__ in an instant.Indeed，shifts in ways f thinking mve us frm ne way f seeing the wrld t anther and thse shifts create pwerful changes.
【语篇解读】 一个周日的早上，人们安静地坐在地铁车厢里。突然，一位男士和他的孩子的出现打破了车厢的平静。孩子们在车厢里尖叫、来回跑、扔东西，甚至是抢别人的报纸，而孩子的父亲对此不管不顾。“我”很生气，便告诉孩子的父亲，让他管一下他们。通过交谈“我”了解到孩子们的母亲刚刚去世，这令“我”心生同情。
1．A.nervusly B．seriusly
C．patientlyD．quietly
D [根据下文中的“It was a calm and peaceful scene”可知，人们都安静地坐着，或读报纸，或沉思，或闭目养神。]
2．A.suddenly B．ccasinally
C．eventually D．gradually
A [根据空后的“a man and his children entered the subway car quickly”并结合语境可知，突然，一位男士和他的孩子迅速地走进车厢。]
3．A.happyB．lud
C．cute D．curius
B [根据下文中的“The children were screaming，running back and frth，thrwing things，and even grabbing peple's papers”可知，这些孩子很吵闹。lud“说话太大声的，吵闹的”。]
4．A.climate B．directin
C．speed D．temperature
A [根据第1小题和第3小题的解析可知，这些孩子很吵，因而打破了车厢原有的气氛。climate“环境气氛”。]
5．A.afraidB．prud
C．tired D．unaware
D [根据上文中的“The man sat dwn next t me and clsed his eyes”和下文中的“the man sitting next t me did nthing”可知，这位男士很显然没有意识到发生了什么。]
6．A.s B．yet
C．fr D．as
B [根据上文内容可知，孩子们在车厢里表现得很糟糕，并结合空后的“the man sitting next t me did nthing”可推知，此处前后内容形成了转折关系。yet“然而”。]
7．A.wrried B．ashamed
C．annyed D．discuraged
C [此处与下文中的“everyne else n the subway felt annyed”形成呼应，故应选C项。]
8．A.expecting B．asking
C．allwing D．frbidding
C [根据上文表述的孩子们表现得如此糟糕，这位男士却无所行动可推知，此处表示“我”难以相信他竟允许自己的孩子如此恣意妄为，他一点儿也不负责任。]
9．A.risks B．ntes
C．difference D．respnsibility
D [参见上题解析。]
10．A.easy B．hard
C．fair D．nrmal
A [根据上文内容可知，孩子们表现得很糟糕，所以很容易地看到地铁上的每个人都很生气。]
11．A.supprting B．criticizing
C．disturbing D．rganizing
C [根据上文中的“The children were peple's papers”以及第10空后的“everyne else n the subway felt annyed”可知，这些孩子的行为确实打扰到了其他乘客。]
12．A.cnfirmB．divide
C．assist D．cntrl
D [根据语境可知，“我”希望该男子管一下自己的孩子。]
13．A.right B．wrng
C．trustful D．crazy
A [根据下文中的“I guess I shuld d smething abut it”可知，该男子认为“我”说得对。]
14．A.remainedB．died
C．wrked D．returned
B [根据该句中的“We just came frm the hspital”并结合语境和选项可推知，此处应是该男子说孩子们的母亲大概一小时前去世了。]
15．A.describe B．address
C．defeat D．handle
D [根据该句中的“I dn't knw what t d” “they dn't knw” “either”可知，此处表示孩子们也不知道如何应对这种情况。]
16．A.believeB．recall
C．imagine D．predict
C [根据上文内容可知，作者因孩子们的表现感到生气，后来经过与男子交谈得知，孩子们的母亲大概一小时前去世了；又结合下文中的 “Suddenly，I saw things differently”可推知，此处表示，你能想象“我”当时的感受吗？]
17．A.blcked B．gne
C．liberated D．deepened
B [根据上文中的“I saw things differently”可知，“我”的愤怒消失了。]
18．A.filled with B．ppsed t
C．based n D．freed frm
A [根据上文中的“I saw things differently” “I didn't have my behavir”可推知，“我”也感受到了该男子的痛苦。]
19．A.frgiveness B．bitterness
C．sympathy D．appreciatin
C [根据该句中的“instead f frustratin”并结合上文表述的“我”的态度的转变可知，“我”的心中充满了对该男子的同情。]
20．A.restredB．changed
C．cunted D．settled
B [根据上文内容可知，“我”的态度很快地发生了转变，所有事情在一瞬间改变了。]
课时提能练(二)
必修1 Unit 1 Lifestyles(B)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·黄冈市质量检测)Empathy (同感) is ne f thse strange qualities— smething almst everyne wants，but few knw hw t truly give r receive it.In a wrld where selfsatisfactin is emphasized，it is in shrt supply but high demand. This is all the mre reasn t teach the next generatin what it means t have empathy fr thse arund them.
What is empathy? Many peple cnfuse sympathy and empathy，but they are different.Empathy is nt just the ability t understand smene's feelings；criminals ften take advantage f peple by appearing t understand their feelings and subsequently gaining their trust.Empathy is mre than that.Nt nly is it the ability t recgnize hw smene feels，but it als values and respects the feelings f anther persn.It means treating thers with kindness，respect，and understanding.
Kids need t see adults shw empathy.While sme children are gifted with naturally kind hearts，in mst cases kids need t see empathy displayed by the adults arund them.It begins with the way parents relate t their children.Parents wh shw an interest in the things that matter t their kids and respnd t emtins in a psitive and caring way are teaching the skill f empathy.
Meet emtinal needs.When children have their emtinal needs met，tw things happen.They learn hw t meet the emtinal needs f thers and they are anchred in what they are receiving，meaning that they are secure enugh t give smething t thers when the need arises but first they need t receive smething. An_empty_jug_ cannt_fill_a_cup.
It's a gd idea t talk t kids abut emtins and hw ther peple experience them.Give their emtins names (fr example，jealusy，anger，and lve) and teach them that these are nrmal.Talk t them abut hw t handle emtins in a psitive way and pint ut situatins where ther peple are experiencing emtins.Teach them abut respecting the emtins f thers and shw them hw t act in a situatin where a respnse is required.
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了同理心的含义和父母如何去教孩子们有同理心。
1．Why are the next generatin taught t have empathy?
A．Peple tend t be selfcentered.
B．Everyne needs empathy.
C．Empathy is a strange quality.
D．It's better t give than t receive.
A [细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，在一个过度关注自我满足的世界里，同理心稀缺，因此更有理由要教会下一代人有同理心。]
2．Which situatin can empathy be used in?
A．When a mathematician is calculating the area f farmland.
B．When a teacher is cmfrting a student abut his failure in exams.
C．When a criminal is cheating a victim.
D．When a dancer is dancing t music.
B [推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可知，同理心不仅是理解他人的感受，而且要重视并尊重别人的感受，即体贴、尊敬、理解他人，再结合选项可推知，学生考试不及格时老师可用同理心给予安慰。]
3．What des the underlined sentence “An empty jug cannt fill a cup” mean?
A．An empty jug is t small t hld a cup.
B．It's a must t talk t kids abut emtins.
C．Adults shuld set an example t kids.
D．Kids give empathy with their emtinal needs met first.
D [推理判断题。根据第四段第三句中的“ are secure enugh t give smething t thers when the need arises but first they need t receive smething”可知，孩子们施以同理心的条件是首先满足自己的情感需求。]
4．What is the best title f the passage?
A．Hw t train kids t have empathy.
B．Hw t distinguish sympathy and empathy.
C．Hw t help kids finish empathyrelated tasks.
D．Whether kids can be trained t be mre empathetic.
A [标题判断题。根据第一段的话题导入、尾句点题以及其他段落的主题句可推知，本文主要介绍了同理心的含义以及如何培养孩子们有同理心。]
B
(2020·哈尔滨师大附中、东北师大附中、辽宁省实验中学一模)Maybe yu take vitamins regularly supprting brainpwer，r stck up n these fds that bst brain health.But new guidelines frm the American Academy f Neurlgy (AAN) suggest there's smething better yu can d t keep yur mind sharp.
A quarter f adults aged 80 t 84 experience mild cgnitive (认知的) impairment，accrding t AAN.T address the widespread prblem，a grup f neurlgists and Alzheimer's (阿尔茨海默症) specialists went thrugh existing studies t define the best ways t prevent and treat cgnitive decline—and yu might be surprised by what they included and what they didn't.
Surprisingly，the AAN guidelines dn't include any medicatin(药物) r dietary recmmendatins.The authrs stress that there haven't been any highquality，lngterm studies finding fds r medicatin can help cgnitive decline.The guidelines als say dctrs can cnsider suggesting cgnitive training t patients with memry lss but nt rely n it.At the present time，the reprt's authrs say the evidence is t incnclusive t say fr sure if brain exercises，like memry and attentin training r prblemslving fr everyday issues assciated with memry lss，are beneficial.Still，these mrning brain exercises can't d any harm.
But there was ne big discvery frm the new guidelines: Exercising just twice a week culd imprve cgnitive decline.One study shwed adults with mild cgnitive impairment wh did resistance training twice a week scred better n executive functin and assciative memry tests than a grup that wrked n balancing，stretching，and relaxing.
What's mre，anther study had lder adults attend either biweekly health classes r sessins f aerbics，strength training，balance exercises，and multitasking training.Six mnths later，the nes wh'd exercised regularly scred better n cgnitive health and memry tests，and had less brain shrinkage.
AAN nw recmmends dctrs tell patients with memry lss t exercise twice a week t keep their minds sharp.This is the best time t exercise if yu want t imprve yur memry.It lks like yu've gt just ne mre reasn t clear time in yur schedule fr a wrkut—even if it's nly n the weekends.
【语篇解读】 研究发现，每周进行两次锻炼会让大脑保持敏锐，能够改善老年人的认知障碍。
5．What des the underlined wrd “impairment” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A．Errr. B．Decline.
C．Develpment.D．Presence.
B [词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句中的“T address the widespread prblem，a grup f neurlgists and Alzheimer's(阿尔茨海默症) specialists went thrugh existing studies t define the best ways t prevent and treat cgnitive decline”可知，为了解决这个普遍性的问题，一群神经病学家和阿尔茨海默症专家仔细琢磨现有的研究来明确预防和治疗认知衰退的最佳方法，由此可推知，画线词应与decline词义相近，故选B。]
6．ANN may be uncertain abut ________.
A．strength training
B．resistance training
C．exercising twice a week
D．mrning brain exercises
D [细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句可知，报告的作者说目前还没有确凿的证据来确定大脑锻炼是否有益。故D项符合题意。]
7．Which f the fllwing may the authr agree with?
A．Daily exercises are beneficial t Alzheimer's.
B．The AAN guidelines attach imprtance t wrkuts.
C．Medicatin is f significance in the ANN guidelines.
D．Stcking up n vitamins supprting brainpwer means nthing.
B [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But there was ne big discvery frm the new guidelines：Exercising just twice a week culd imprve cgnitive decline”以及第六段第一句可知，AAN认为每周锻炼两次可以改善认知衰退并建议医生让丧失记忆的病人每周锻炼两次以保持大脑的敏锐。据此可知，AAN重视锻炼，故B项正确。]
【干扰项分析】 A项中的“Daily exercises”(每天锻炼)不符合文意；根据第一段的内容可知，作者并没有完全否定服用维生素，只是说有更好的方法来保持大脑的敏锐，故D项错误。
8．In which sectin f a newspaper may this text appear?
A．Exercise. B．Entertainment.
C．Science. D．Health.
D [文章出处题。 通读全文可知，文章第一段第二句为全文的主旨句，并结合文章其他内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项新发现——每周进行两次锻炼会让大脑保持敏锐，能够改善老年人的认知障碍；据此可推知，本文的主题为健康，故D项正确。]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2020·贵阳市适应性考试一)During the utbreak f COVID19，the Wrld Health Organizatin (WHO) has ffered basic prtective measures t the public against the virus.
Wash hands frequently with sap and water r use an alchlbased waterfree hand sanitizing gel if yur hands are nt visibly dirty.__1__.
__2__.If yu sneeze r cugh int yur hands，yu may cntaminate (污染) bjects r peple that yu tuch.Thrw the tissue immediately int a clsed bin and clean hands with alchlbased waterfree hand sanitizing gel r sap and water.
Keep at least nemeter distance between yurself and ther peple，particularly thse wh are cughing，sneezing and have a fever，because cughs r sneezes f peple wh are infected with a respiratry (呼吸的) disease prject (喷射)small drps cntaining the virus.__3__.
Avid tuching yur eyes，nse and muth because hands tuch many surfaces，which can be cntaminated with the virus.If yu tuch yur eyes，nse r muth with yur cntaminated hands，yu can transfer the virus frm the surface t yurself.
Tell yur health care prvider if yu have been t an area where the epidemic has been reprted，r if yu have been in clse cntact with smene wh has respiratry symptms.
Practice general hygiene measures when visiting live animal markets，wet markets r animal prduct cntact with ptentially cntaminated animal waste r fluids n the sil r structures f shps and market facilities.
__5__.Handle raw meat，milk，r animal rgans carefully t avid crsscntaminatin with uncked fd.
A．Avid eating animal prducts
B．If yu are t clse，yu can breathe in the virus
C．This helps knw the virus if it's n yur hands
D．Avid eating raw r undercked animal prducts
E．This helps remve the virus if it's n yur hands
F．Strictly avid any cntact with ther animals in the market
G．Cver yur muth and nse with a tissue when cughing and sneezing
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了世界卫生组织给公众提供的预防新冠肺炎的基本措施。
1．E [本空是一个段尾句。本段主要讲了要勤洗手，又结合语境可知，本空讲的应是勤洗手的好处，故E项符合语境。]
2．G [根据文章结构和空处所处位置可知，本空是中心句。本段主要讲了咳嗽和打喷嚏时人们应该采取的措施，故G项符合语境，概括该段内容。]
3．B [本空是一个段尾句。本段主要讲了与他人要保持的距离以及这样做的原因，故本空讲的应该是这样做的好处，或不这样做的话可能会存在的风险，所以B项符合语境。]
4．F [分析本段内容可知，本段主要讲了人们去市场时应该采取的通用卫生措施；空后讲的是避免接触商店或市场里可能被污染的动物废物或液体，故F项符合语境。]
5．D [本空是中心句。本段主要讲了人们应认真地处理生肉、奶或动物器官以避免生食导致的交叉污染，故D项与本段内容相符，所以选D项。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·惠州市第二次调研)I recently heard a stry abut a famus scientist. When he 1.________ (ask)why he was able t succeed，he gave the answer.It all came frm an experience with 2.________ mther when he was abut tw years ld.“I was trying t get a bttle f milk frm the fridge when I lst the bttle and it fell，spilling(溢出) the milk all ver the flr—a sea f milk ! I gt 3.________ (frighten) and I didn't knw what t d！” he said.
Instead f 4.________ (punish) him，his mther asked him t play in the milk fr a while.Then she said，“ Yu knw，we failed in hw t 5.________ (successful) carry a big milk bttle with tw tiny 6.________ (hand) just nw.Let's g ut in the yard and fill the bttle 7.________ water t see if yu can discver a way t carry it.”
This famus scientist then remarked that it was at that mment that he 8.________ (knw)he didn't need t be afraid t make mistakes 9.________ were actually pprtunities fr learning smething new.Even if the experiment “ desn't wrk”，we usually learn smething 10.________ (value) frm it.
【语篇解读】 一位科学家在两岁的时候不小心把牛奶瓶摔到地上，结果母亲不但没有惩罚他，还引导他去探索如何才能拿起装满水的瓶子；这位科学家从中明白了一个道理：不要害怕犯错误，因为那也是一个学习的机会。
1．was asked [考查动词的时态与语态。根据该句中的“he gave the answer”可知，他是被别人提问的，应用被动语态；又根据语境可知，此处叙述的是过去发生的事，要用一般过去时，故填was asked。]
2．his [考查代词。此处表示的是和他妈妈的一次经历。故填his。]
3．frightened [考查形容词。空处作表语，与gt构成系表结构，此处表示他当时非常害怕，故要填形容词frightened“害怕的”。]
4．punishing [考查非谓语动词。介词instead f后面要接名词或动名词，故填punishing。]
5．successfully [考查词性转换。修饰动词carry要用副词，故填successfully。]
6．hands [考查名词的单复数。根据空前的“tw”可知，此处要用名词的复数形式，故填hands。]
7．with [考查介词。fill sth.with sth.“用……将……装满”为固定用法。]
8．knew [考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“it was at that mment”可知，此处是他对过去的回忆，故填knew。]
9．which/that [考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，且先行词为“mistakes”，故此处要填which或that。]
10．valuable [考查词性转换。此处表示“从中学到一些有价值的东西”，故要用形容词valuable作定语，修饰不定代词smething，位于其后。]
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2020·福建省毕业班质量检查测试)Wrking n a farm was quite a experience! Our teacher tld us that hw a city farm in ur neighburhd was lking fr yung peple t helping with the animals.City farms were a great way fr peple t get amazed experiences f cuntry life.We can learn mre abut animals and plant and even take part wrking n the farm.S I spke t the wner f the farm，but a few days later I was lking after the hrses n the farm.I was prud f myself when he helped a yung by t ride a hrse fr the first time.It real meant a lt t him—and t me!
[答案]
Wrking n a farm was quite eq \f(a,an) experience! Our teacher tld us that eq \(hw,＼) a city farm in ur neighburhd was lking fr yung peple t eq \f(helping,help) with the animals.City farms eq \f(were,are) a great way fr peple t get eq \f(amazed,amazing) experiences f cuntry life.We can learn mre abut animals and eq \f(plant,plants) and even take part eq \(\s\up7(∧),\s\d5(in)) wrking n the farm.S I spke t the wner f the farm，eq \f(but,and) a few days later I was lking after the hrses n the farm.I was prud f myself when eq \f(he,I) helped a yung by t ride a hrse fr the first time.It eq \f(real,really) meant a lt t him—and t me!
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·浙江余姚模拟)The evidence fr harmny may nt be bvius in sme families.But it seems that fur ut f five yung peple nw get n well with their parents，which is the ppsite f the ppularlyheld image f unhappy teenagers lcked in their rm after endless family quarrels.
An imprtant new study int teenage attitudes surprisingly shws that their family life is mre harmnius than it had ever been in the past.“We were surprised by just hw psitive tday's yung peple seem t be abut their families，” said ne member f the research team.“They're expected t be rebellius(叛逆的) and selfish but actually they have ther things n their minds: they want a car and material gds，and they wrry abut whether schl is serving them well.There's mre negtiatin(商议) and discussin between parents and children，and children expect t take part in the family decisinmaking prcess.They dn't want t rck the bat.”
S it seems that this generatin f parents is much mre likely than parents f 30 years ag t treat their children as friends.“My parents are happy t discuss things with me and willing t listen t me，” says 17yearld Daniel Lazall.“I always tell them when I'm ging ut clubbing.As lng as they knw what I'm ding，they're fine with me.” Susan Crme，wh is nw 21，agrees.“Lking back n the last 10 years，there was a lt f what yu culd call negtiatin.Fr example，as lng as I'd dne all my hmewrk，I culd g ut n a Saturday night.But I think my grandparents were a lt stricter with my parents than that.”
Maybe this psitive view f family life shuld nt be unexpected.It is pssible that the idea f teenage rebellin(反抗) is nt rted in real facts.A researcher cmments，“Our surprise that teenagers say they get alng well with their parents cmes because f a brief perid in ur scial histry when teenagers were regarded as different beings.But that idea f rebelling and breaking away frm their parents really nly happened during that ne time in the 1960s when everyne rebelled.The nrmal situatin thrughut histry has been a smth change frm helping ut with the family business t taking it ver.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。一个重要的新研究表明： 与三十年前的父母相比，现在的父母给孩子更多的自由；这一代的父母更有可能像朋友一样对待自己的孩子，所以他们的家庭生活比以往过去的任何时候都更加和谐。
1．Accrding t the authr，teenage rebellin ________.
A．may be a false belief
B．is cmmn nwadays
C．existed nly in the 1960s
D．resulted frm changes in families
A [推理判断题。根据第四段“It is pssible that the idea f teenage rebellin is nt rted in real facts(青少年叛逆可能不是事实)”推出“may be a false belief”。故选A。]
2．The study shws that teenagers dn't want t _______.
A．share family respnsibility
B．cause truble in their families
C．g bating with their family
D．make family decisins
B [细节理解题。根据文章第二段“There's mre negtiatin and discussin between parents and children，and children expect t take part in the family decisinmaking prcess.They dn't want t rck the bat.”看出“孩子们与父母讨论协商，期待参与家庭一些决策，但他们不想rck the bat”，意思是t d sth.that upsets a situatin and causes prblems(捣乱，惹麻烦)，推出答案B。]
3．Cmpared with parents f 30 years ag，tday's parents ________.
A．g t clubs mre ften with their children
B．are much stricter with their children
C．care less abut their children's life
D．give their children mre freedm
D [细节理解题。根据文章第三段所给的一些事例及“But I think my grandparents were a lt stricter with my parents than that.”可知与30年前的父母相比，现在的父母给他们的孩子更多的自由，所以选D。]
4．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Negtiatin in family.
B．Educatin in family.
C．Harmny in family.
D．Teenage truble in family.
C [主旨大意题。根据文章第一句(本文的主题句)，可知这篇文章主要讲了家庭的和谐问题，所以选C。]
B
(2020·洛阳市上学期尖子生第一次联考)I was a newcmer in a class.S was Alice.That's where the similarity ended.I was tall and she was small.My thick，black hair had been recently cut shrt.Her natural blnde hair flwed t her waist and lked great.I was awkward and shy.She wasn't.I culdn't stand her.I cnsidered her my enemy.She liked me.She wanted t be my friend.
One day，she invited me ver and I said yes—I was t shcked t answer any ther way.N ne had invited me ver t play.But this girl wh wre the latest fashins wanted me t g hme with her after schl.I gt very surprised when she led me int an apartment building.She lived n the furth flr in a threerm place with her mther，her stepfather，her tw brthers and her sister.When we gt t the rm she shared with her sister，she tk ut a big case f Barbies，which was my next surprise.I wuld have thught she'd utgrwn them.I had never played with them.But we sat n the flr f a walkin clset，laughing as we made up crazy stries abut the Barbies.That's when we fund ut that we bth wanted t be writers when we were lder and we bth had wild imaginatins.We had a great day that afternn.Our jaws ached frm smiling s much.She shwed me her wardrbe，which had mstly cme frm a clthing stre dwn the blck.The wman wh wned it used her as a mdel smetimes fr her newspaper ads and gave her clthes in exchange.
Alice had the whle neighbrhd charmed.The bkstre wners lent her fashin magazines，the mvie theater gave her free passes and the pizza place let her have free slices.Sn I was included in her magic wrld.We slept ver at each ther's huses，and spent every free mment tgether.My dark hair grew and I learned t lve being tall.
Alice，my first real friend since childhd，taught me an amazing and very surprising thing abut making friends that yur wrst enemy can turn ut t be yur best friend.
【语篇解读】 作者讲述了自己小时候与爱丽丝交朋友的经历。原本作者认为自己与爱丽丝有很多不同之处，视爱丽丝为敌人，而爱丽丝却喜欢作者，并邀请作者去她家里。之后，作者更加了解爱丽丝，发现了两人之间更多的相似之处。最后她们成了好朋友。
5．What made the similarity end?
A．Leaving the authr's ld schl.
B．Being admitted t their new classes.
C．Their differences in appearances and persnalities.
D．Their different demand fr friendship and fashin.
C [细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，两个人不同的外表和性格使得她们的相似之处结束了，故选C。]
6．What did the authr think f the Barbies?
A．Alice was t mature fr them.
B．Alice must have made them by herself.
C．They shuld have been kept well.
D．They brught her back t her childhd.
A [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“she tk ut a big case f Barbies，which was my next surprise.I wuld have thught she'd utgrwn them”可知，作者认为爱丽丝已经长大了，不适合再玩芭比娃娃。utgrw意为“因长大而不适用……”。故选A。]
7．We can infer frm the passage that Alice ________.
A．helped the authr see her wn strengths
B．was gd with the peple arund her
C．helped t bring ut the best in the authr
D．inspired the authr's lve fr fashin
B [推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“The bkstre wners lent slices”可知，书店老板借给爱丽丝时尚杂志，电影院给她免费的入场券，比萨店让她品尝免费的比萨块，由此可推知，爱丽丝善于与周围的人打交道，故选B。]
【干扰项分析】 由于受到文中“this girl wh wre the latest fashins”和最后一段的干扰，部分考生易做出错误的选择。“wh wre the latest fashins”仅仅是描述Alice，并没有涉及作者，故排除D项；最后一段是对文章的总结，没有提到Alice帮助作者表现出她最好的一面。故排除C项。
8．Which f the fllwing best describes Alice?
A．Humrus.B．Ambitius.
C．Caring.D．Friendly.
D [推理判断题。通读全文可知，原本在作者眼中爱丽丝是她的敌人，但是爱丽丝却想和作者成为朋友；她邀请作者去她家里玩，最后她们成为好朋友；而且爱丽丝与她自己周围的人都建立了很好的关系，由此可推知，爱丽丝是友好的。故选D。]
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·重庆市第一次学业质量调研抽测)It was a Sunday mrning n a subway in New Yrk.Peple were sitting __1__ — sme reading newspapers，sme lst in thught，sme resting with their eyes clsed.It was a calm and peaceful scene.Then__2__，a man and his children entered the subway car quickly.The children in it were s __3__ and active that the whle __4__f the car instantly changed.
The man sat dwn next t me and clsed his eyes，apparently __5__ f the situatin.The children were screaming，running back and frth，thrwing things，and even grabbing peple's papers，and __6__，the man sitting next t me did nthing.
It was difficult nt t feel __7__.I culdn't believe that he was __8__ his children t run wild like that，and was taking n __9__ at all.It was __10__ t see that everyne else n the subway felt annyed.
S finally，I turned t him and said，“Sir，yur children are really __11__ a lt f peple.Culd yu __12__ them a little mre？”
The man lifted his eyes and said sftly，“Oh，yu're __13__，I guess I shuld d smething abut it.We just came frm the hspital where their mther __14__ abut an hur ag.I dn't knw what t d，and I guess they dn't knw hw t __15__ it either.”
Can yu __16__ what I felt at that mment? Suddenly，I saw things differently，my anger was __17__.I didn't have t wrry abut cntrlling my attitude r my behavir，my heart was __18__the man's pain.Nw，instead f frustratin，feelings f __19__filled my heart.Everything__20__ in an instant.Indeed，shifts in ways f thinking mve us frm ne way f seeing the wrld t anther and thse shifts create pwerful changes.
【语篇解读】 一个周日的早上，人们安静地坐在地铁车厢里。突然，一位男士和他的孩子的出现打破了车厢的平静。孩子们在车厢里尖叫、来回跑、扔东西，甚至是抢别人的报纸，而孩子的父亲对此不管不顾。“我”很生气，便告诉孩子的父亲，让他管一下他们。通过交谈“我”了解到孩子们的母亲刚刚去世，这令“我”心生同情。
1．A.nervusly B．seriusly
C．patientlyD．quietly
D [根据下文中的“It was a calm and peaceful scene”可知，人们都安静地坐着，或读报纸，或沉思，或闭目养神。]
2．A.suddenly B．ccasinally
C．eventually D．gradually
A [根据空后的“a man and his children entered the subway car quickly”并结合语境可知，突然，一位男士和他的孩子迅速地走进车厢。]
3．A.happyB．lud
C．cute D．curius
B [根据下文中的“The children were screaming，running back and frth，thrwing things，and even grabbing peple's papers”可知，这些孩子很吵闹。lud“说话太大声的，吵闹的”。]
4．A.climate B．directin
C．speed D．temperature
A [根据第1小题和第3小题的解析可知，这些孩子很吵，因而打破了车厢原有的气氛。climate“环境气氛”。]
5．A.afraidB．prud
C．tired D．unaware
D [根据上文中的“The man sat dwn next t me and clsed his eyes”和下文中的“the man sitting next t me did nthing”可知，这位男士很显然没有意识到发生了什么。]
6．A.s B．yet
C．fr D．as
B [根据上文内容可知，孩子们在车厢里表现得很糟糕，并结合空后的“the man sitting next t me did nthing”可推知，此处前后内容形成了转折关系。yet“然而”。]
7．A.wrried B．ashamed
C．annyed D．discuraged
C [此处与下文中的“everyne else n the subway felt annyed”形成呼应，故应选C项。]
8．A.expecting B．asking
C．allwing D．frbidding
C [根据上文表述的孩子们表现得如此糟糕，这位男士却无所行动可推知，此处表示“我”难以相信他竟允许自己的孩子如此恣意妄为，他一点儿也不负责任。]
9．A.risks B．ntes
C．difference D．respnsibility
D [参见上题解析。]
10．A.easy B．hard
C．fair D．nrmal
A [根据上文内容可知，孩子们表现得很糟糕，所以很容易地看到地铁上的每个人都很生气。]
11．A.supprting B．criticizing
C．disturbing D．rganizing
C [根据上文中的“The children were peple's papers”以及第10空后的“everyne else n the subway felt annyed”可知，这些孩子的行为确实打扰到了其他乘客。]
12．A.cnfirmB．divide
C．assist D．cntrl
D [根据语境可知，“我”希望该男子管一下自己的孩子。]
13．A.right B．wrng
C．trustful D．crazy
A [根据下文中的“I guess I shuld d smething abut it”可知，该男子认为“我”说得对。]
14．A.remainedB．died
C．wrked D．returned
B [根据该句中的“We just came frm the hspital”并结合语境和选项可推知，此处应是该男子说孩子们的母亲大概一小时前去世了。]
15．A.describe B．address
C．defeat D．handle
D [根据该句中的“I dn't knw what t d” “they dn't knw” “either”可知，此处表示孩子们也不知道如何应对这种情况。]
16．A.believeB．recall
C．imagine D．predict
C [根据上文内容可知，作者因孩子们的表现感到生气，后来经过与男子交谈得知，孩子们的母亲大概一小时前去世了；又结合下文中的 “Suddenly，I saw things differently”可推知，此处表示，你能想象“我”当时的感受吗？]
17．A.blcked B．gne
C．liberated D．deepened
B [根据上文中的“I saw things differently”可知，“我”的愤怒消失了。]
18．A.filled with B．ppsed t
C．based n D．freed frm
A [根据上文中的“I saw things differently” “I didn't have my behavir”可推知，“我”也感受到了该男子的痛苦。]
19．A.frgiveness B．bitterness
C．sympathy D．appreciatin
C [根据该句中的“instead f frustratin”并结合上文表述的“我”的态度的转变可知，“我”的心中充满了对该男子的同情。]
20．A.restredB．changed
C．cunted D．settled
B [根据上文内容可知，“我”的态度很快地发生了转变，所有事情在一瞬间改变了。]
课时提能练(二)
必修1 Unit 1 Lifestyles(B)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·黄冈市质量检测)Empathy (同感) is ne f thse strange qualities— smething almst everyne wants，but few knw hw t truly give r receive it.In a wrld where selfsatisfactin is emphasized，it is in shrt supply but high demand. This is all the mre reasn t teach the next generatin what it means t have empathy fr thse arund them.
What is empathy? Many peple cnfuse sympathy and empathy，but they are different.Empathy is nt just the ability t understand smene's feelings；criminals ften take advantage f peple by appearing t understand their feelings and subsequently gaining their trust.Empathy is mre than that.Nt nly is it the ability t recgnize hw smene feels，but it als values and respects the feelings f anther persn.It means treating thers with kindness，respect，and understanding.
Kids need t see adults shw empathy.While sme children are gifted with naturally kind hearts，in mst cases kids need t see empathy displayed by the adults arund them.It begins with the way parents relate t their children.Parents wh shw an interest in the things that matter t their kids and respnd t emtins in a psitive and caring way are teaching the skill f empathy.
Meet emtinal needs.When children have their emtinal needs met，tw things happen.They learn hw t meet the emtinal needs f thers and they are anchred in what they are receiving，meaning that they are secure enugh t give smething t thers when the need arises but first they need t receive smething. An_empty_jug_ cannt_fill_a_cup.
It's a gd idea t talk t kids abut emtins and hw ther peple experience them.Give their emtins names (fr example，jealusy，anger，and lve) and teach them that these are nrmal.Talk t them abut hw t handle emtins in a psitive way and pint ut situatins where ther peple are experiencing emtins.Teach them abut respecting the emtins f thers and shw them hw t act in a situatin where a respnse is required.
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了同理心的含义和父母如何去教孩子们有同理心。
1．Why are the next generatin taught t have empathy?
A．Peple tend t be selfcentered.
B．Everyne needs empathy.
C．Empathy is a strange quality.
D．It's better t give than t receive.
A [细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，在一个过度关注自我满足的世界里，同理心稀缺，因此更有理由要教会下一代人有同理心。]
2．Which situatin can empathy be used in?
A．When a mathematician is calculating the area f farmland.
B．When a teacher is cmfrting a student abut his failure in exams.
C．When a criminal is cheating a victim.
D．When a dancer is dancing t music.
B [推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可知，同理心不仅是理解他人的感受，而且要重视并尊重别人的感受，即体贴、尊敬、理解他人，再结合选项可推知，学生考试不及格时老师可用同理心给予安慰。]
3．What des the underlined sentence “An empty jug cannt fill a cup” mean?
A．An empty jug is t small t hld a cup.
B．It's a must t talk t kids abut emtins.
C．Adults shuld set an example t kids.
D．Kids give empathy with their emtinal needs met first.
D [推理判断题。根据第四段第三句中的“ are secure enugh t give smething t thers when the need arises but first they need t receive smething”可知，孩子们施以同理心的条件是首先满足自己的情感需求。]
4．What is the best title f the passage?
A．Hw t train kids t have empathy.
B．Hw t distinguish sympathy and empathy.
C．Hw t help kids finish empathyrelated tasks.
D．Whether kids can be trained t be mre empathetic.
A [标题判断题。根据第一段的话题导入、尾句点题以及其他段落的主题句可推知，本文主要介绍了同理心的含义以及如何培养孩子们有同理心。]
B
(2020·哈尔滨师大附中、东北师大附中、辽宁省实验中学一模)Maybe yu take vitamins regularly supprting brainpwer，r stck up n these fds that bst brain health.But new guidelines frm the American Academy f Neurlgy (AAN) suggest there's smething better yu can d t keep yur mind sharp.
A quarter f adults aged 80 t 84 experience mild cgnitive (认知的) impairment，accrding t AAN.T address the widespread prblem，a grup f neurlgists and Alzheimer's (阿尔茨海默症) specialists went thrugh existing studies t define the best ways t prevent and treat cgnitive decline—and yu might be surprised by what they included and what they didn't.
Surprisingly，the AAN guidelines dn't include any medicatin(药物) r dietary recmmendatins.The authrs stress that there haven't been any highquality，lngterm studies finding fds r medicatin can help cgnitive decline.The guidelines als say dctrs can cnsider suggesting cgnitive training t patients with memry lss but nt rely n it.At the present time，the reprt's authrs say the evidence is t incnclusive t say fr sure if brain exercises，like memry and attentin training r prblemslving fr everyday issues assciated with memry lss，are beneficial.Still，these mrning brain exercises can't d any harm.
But there was ne big discvery frm the new guidelines: Exercising just twice a week culd imprve cgnitive decline.One study shwed adults with mild cgnitive impairment wh did resistance training twice a week scred better n executive functin and assciative memry tests than a grup that wrked n balancing，stretching，and relaxing.
What's mre，anther study had lder adults attend either biweekly health classes r sessins f aerbics，strength training，balance exercises，and multitasking training.Six mnths later，the nes wh'd exercised regularly scred better n cgnitive health and memry tests，and had less brain shrinkage.
AAN nw recmmends dctrs tell patients with memry lss t exercise twice a week t keep their minds sharp.This is the best time t exercise if yu want t imprve yur memry.It lks like yu've gt just ne mre reasn t clear time in yur schedule fr a wrkut—even if it's nly n the weekends.
【语篇解读】 研究发现，每周进行两次锻炼会让大脑保持敏锐，能够改善老年人的认知障碍。
5．What des the underlined wrd “impairment” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A．Errr. B．Decline.
C．Develpment.D．Presence.
B [词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句中的“T address the widespread prblem，a grup f neurlgists and Alzheimer's(阿尔茨海默症) specialists went thrugh existing studies t define the best ways t prevent and treat cgnitive decline”可知，为了解决这个普遍性的问题，一群神经病学家和阿尔茨海默症专家仔细琢磨现有的研究来明确预防和治疗认知衰退的最佳方法，由此可推知，画线词应与decline词义相近，故选B。]
6．ANN may be uncertain abut ________.
A．strength training
B．resistance training
C．exercising twice a week
D．mrning brain exercises
D [细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句可知，报告的作者说目前还没有确凿的证据来确定大脑锻炼是否有益。故D项符合题意。]
7．Which f the fllwing may the authr agree with?
A．Daily exercises are beneficial t Alzheimer's.
B．The AAN guidelines attach imprtance t wrkuts.
C．Medicatin is f significance in the ANN guidelines.
D．Stcking up n vitamins supprting brainpwer means nthing.
B [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But there was ne big discvery frm the new guidelines：Exercising just twice a week culd imprve cgnitive decline”以及第六段第一句可知，AAN认为每周锻炼两次可以改善认知衰退并建议医生让丧失记忆的病人每周锻炼两次以保持大脑的敏锐。据此可知，AAN重视锻炼，故B项正确。]
【干扰项分析】 A项中的“Daily exercises”(每天锻炼)不符合文意；根据第一段的内容可知，作者并没有完全否定服用维生素，只是说有更好的方法来保持大脑的敏锐，故D项错误。
8．In which sectin f a newspaper may this text appear?
A．Exercise. B．Entertainment.
C．Science. D．Health.
D [文章出处题。 通读全文可知，文章第一段第二句为全文的主旨句，并结合文章其他内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项新发现——每周进行两次锻炼会让大脑保持敏锐，能够改善老年人的认知障碍；据此可推知，本文的主题为健康，故D项正确。]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2020·贵阳市适应性考试一)During the utbreak f COVID19，the Wrld Health Organizatin (WHO) has ffered basic prtective measures t the public against the virus.
Wash hands frequently with sap and water r use an alchlbased waterfree hand sanitizing gel if yur hands are nt visibly dirty.__1__.
__2__.If yu sneeze r cugh int yur hands，yu may cntaminate (污染) bjects r peple that yu tuch.Thrw the tissue immediately int a clsed bin and clean hands with alchlbased waterfree hand sanitizing gel r sap and water.
Keep at least nemeter distance between yurself and ther peple，particularly thse wh are cughing，sneezing and have a fever，because cughs r sneezes f peple wh are infected with a respiratry (呼吸的) disease prject (喷射)small drps cntaining the virus.__3__.
Avid tuching yur eyes，nse and muth because hands tuch many surfaces，which can be cntaminated with the virus.If yu tuch yur eyes，nse r muth with yur cntaminated hands，yu can transfer the virus frm the surface t yurself.
Tell yur health care prvider if yu have been t an area where the epidemic has been reprted，r if yu have been in clse cntact with smene wh has respiratry symptms.
Practice general hygiene measures when visiting live animal markets，wet markets r animal prduct cntact with ptentially cntaminated animal waste r fluids n the sil r structures f shps and market facilities.
__5__.Handle raw meat，milk，r animal rgans carefully t avid crsscntaminatin with uncked fd.
A．Avid eating animal prducts
B．If yu are t clse，yu can breathe in the virus
C．This helps knw the virus if it's n yur hands
D．Avid eating raw r undercked animal prducts
E．This helps remve the virus if it's n yur hands
F．Strictly avid any cntact with ther animals in the market
G．Cver yur muth and nse with a tissue when cughing and sneezing
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了世界卫生组织给公众提供的预防新冠肺炎的基本措施。
1．E [本空是一个段尾句。本段主要讲了要勤洗手，又结合语境可知，本空讲的应是勤洗手的好处，故E项符合语境。]
2．G [根据文章结构和空处所处位置可知，本空是中心句。本段主要讲了咳嗽和打喷嚏时人们应该采取的措施，故G项符合语境，概括该段内容。]
3．B [本空是一个段尾句。本段主要讲了与他人要保持的距离以及这样做的原因，故本空讲的应该是这样做的好处，或不这样做的话可能会存在的风险，所以B项符合语境。]
4．F [分析本段内容可知，本段主要讲了人们去市场时应该采取的通用卫生措施；空后讲的是避免接触商店或市场里可能被污染的动物废物或液体，故F项符合语境。]
5．D [本空是中心句。本段主要讲了人们应认真地处理生肉、奶或动物器官以避免生食导致的交叉污染，故D项与本段内容相符，所以选D项。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·惠州市第二次调研)I recently heard a stry abut a famus scientist. When he 1.________ (ask)why he was able t succeed，he gave the answer.It all came frm an experience with 2.________ mther when he was abut tw years ld.“I was trying t get a bttle f milk frm the fridge when I lst the bttle and it fell，spilling(溢出) the milk all ver the flr—a sea f milk ! I gt 3.________ (frighten) and I didn't knw what t d！” he said.
Instead f 4.________ (punish) him，his mther asked him t play in the milk fr a while.Then she said，“ Yu knw，we failed in hw t 5.________ (successful) carry a big milk bttle with tw tiny 6.________ (hand) just nw.Let's g ut in the yard and fill the bttle 7.________ water t see if yu can discver a way t carry it.”
This famus scientist then remarked that it was at that mment that he 8.________ (knw)he didn't need t be afraid t make mistakes 9.________ were actually pprtunities fr learning smething new.Even if the experiment “ desn't wrk”，we usually learn smething 10.________ (value) frm it.
【语篇解读】 一位科学家在两岁的时候不小心把牛奶瓶摔到地上，结果母亲不但没有惩罚他，还引导他去探索如何才能拿起装满水的瓶子；这位科学家从中明白了一个道理：不要害怕犯错误，因为那也是一个学习的机会。
1．was asked [考查动词的时态与语态。根据该句中的“he gave the answer”可知，他是被别人提问的，应用被动语态；又根据语境可知，此处叙述的是过去发生的事，要用一般过去时，故填was asked。]
2．his [考查代词。此处表示的是和他妈妈的一次经历。故填his。]
3．frightened [考查形容词。空处作表语，与gt构成系表结构，此处表示他当时非常害怕，故要填形容词frightened“害怕的”。]
4．punishing [考查非谓语动词。介词instead f后面要接名词或动名词，故填punishing。]
5．successfully [考查词性转换。修饰动词carry要用副词，故填successfully。]
6．hands [考查名词的单复数。根据空前的“tw”可知，此处要用名词的复数形式，故填hands。]
7．with [考查介词。fill sth.with sth.“用……将……装满”为固定用法。]
8．knew [考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“it was at that mment”可知，此处是他对过去的回忆，故填knew。]
9．which/that [考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，且先行词为“mistakes”，故此处要填which或that。]
10．valuable [考查词性转换。此处表示“从中学到一些有价值的东西”，故要用形容词valuable作定语，修饰不定代词smething，位于其后。]
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2020·福建省毕业班质量检查测试)Wrking n a farm was quite a experience! Our teacher tld us that hw a city farm in ur neighburhd was lking fr yung peple t helping with the animals.City farms were a great way fr peple t get amazed experiences f cuntry life.We can learn mre abut animals and plant and even take part wrking n the farm.S I spke t the wner f the farm，but a few days later I was lking after the hrses n the farm.I was prud f myself when he helped a yung by t ride a hrse fr the first time.It real meant a lt t him—and t me!
[答案]
Wrking n a farm was quite eq \f(a,an) experience! Our teacher tld us that eq \(hw,＼) a city farm in ur neighburhd was lking fr yung peple t eq \f(helping,help) with the animals.City farms eq \f(were,are) a great way fr peple t get eq \f(amazed,amazing) experiences f cuntry life.We can learn mre abut animals and eq \f(plant,plants) and even take part eq \(\s\up7(∧),\s\d5(in)) wrking n the farm.S I spke t the wner f the farm，eq \f(but,and) a few days later I was lking after the hrses n the farm.I was prud f myself when eq \f(he,I) helped a yung by t ride a hrse fr the first time.It eq \f(real,really) meant a lt t him—and t me!
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