人教版 (2019)必修第二册Unit 4 History and traditions导学案

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这是一份人教版 (2019)必修第二册Unit 4 History and traditions导学案，共10页。

1．defend vt.保护；保卫；为……辩护→defence n．防御；保卫
2．evident adj.明显的；明白的→evidence n．证据；证明
3．achieve vt.完成；成就；取得→achievement n．成就；成绩；达到
4．surrund vt.围绕；包围→surrunding adj.周围的→surrundings n．环境
5．lcate v．确定……的地点→lcatin n．地方；地点；位置
6．legal adj.法律的；合法的→illegal adj.非法的
7．greet vt.问候；迎接→greeting n．问候；迎接
1．individual adj.单独的；个别的；独特的；与众不同的 n．个人；与众不同的人；有个性的人
①The cmpetitin is pen t bth teams and individuals.n.个人
②She has her wn individual style f ding things.adj.独特的
③A teacher can't give individual attentin t each pupil if his class is large.
adj.单独的
2．chief adj.最重要的；最高级别的；总的；主要的
n．族长；酋长；主管人员；(公司或机构的)首领
①He married ff his daughter t the lcal chief.n．首领
②Dn was appinted chief engineer f the prject.adj.总的
③The chief reasn fr ging t schl is t learn.adj.主要的
3．psitin vt.安装；使处于；确定……的位置，找到……的位置n.姿势；处境；职位
①Large televisin screens were psitined at either end f the stadium.v.安装
②This put him and his clleagues in a difficult psitin.n.处境
③Make sure that yu are wrking in a cmfrtable psitin.n.姿势
Wrds and Phrases
知识要点1 把……和……连接或联结起来
(教材P40)In the 16th century，the nearby cuntry f Wales was jined t the Kingdm f England.
16世纪，邻近的威尔士并入英格兰王国。
[例1] The cmputer has nt been jined t the Internet.
这台电脑还没有连上网。
[例2] Hw can we jin this island and that ne?
我们怎样才能将这个岛和那个岛连接起来？
[知识拓展]
jin in参加；加入
jin sb.in (ding) sth.加入某人做某事；和某人一起做某事
jin the club/army/party
加入俱乐部/参军/入党
jin up(with sb.)(与某人)联合，会合
[即学即练] 介词填空
①We jined pint A t pint B in a straight line.
②We plan t jin up with the ther climbers n the ther side f the muntain.
③Everybdy has t jin in the training.
知识要点2 break away (frm sb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱
(教材P40)Finally，in the 20th century，the suthern part f Ireland brke away frm the UK...
最后，在20世纪，爱尔兰的南部脱离了英国……
[例1] What can we d t help them break away frm the difficult psitin?
我们能做些什么来帮助他们摆脱困境呢？
[例2] It was wrng fr him t break away frm all his gd friends.
他和他所有的好朋友决裂是错误的。
[知识拓展]
break dwn损坏；分解；(汽车)抛锚
break in非法闯入；插嘴，打断
break int破门而入，非法闯入；突然……起来
break ff打断；折断；中断(说话)
break ut(战争、火灾、疾病等)突然发生，爆发
break thrugh冲突；突破
break up分解；分裂
[即学即练] 用break的相关短语填空
①The tw cuntries are ging t meet t break dwn sme barriers t trade between them.
②We had t break int the huse as we had lst the key.
③In rder t get sme mney，the man brke up that ld machine and sld sme parts.
④The thief tried t break away frm the pliceman，but he failed.
⑤The fire brke ut during the day，and therefre almst n ne was injured.
知识要点3 belng t属于
(教材P40)The fur cuntries that belng t the United Kingdm wrk tgether in sme areas.
所属英国的四个国家在一些领域进行了合作。
[例1] Thse bks belng t the library but this is my wn.
那些书是图书馆的，但这本是我自己的。
[例2] Anyne has n right t take the land belnging t the state as their wn.
任何人都没有权力占有属于国家的土地。
[知识拓展]
(1)belng in适于；适宜(放在某处)
(2)belngings n.动产；财物
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The headteacher keeps telling his students that the future belngs t the welleducated.
②Having sld mst f his belngings(belng)，he almst had nthing left in the huse.
③The muntain village I visited last week is made up f 30 families belnging(belng)t five natinalities.
[名师点津]
belng t用法两注意
belng t中的t是介词，该短语既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态；作后置定语时，形式为“ t”。
知识要点4 (教材P40)They use the same flag，knwn as the Unin Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence．
像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗。
(1)as well as 同(一样也)；和；还
[例1] We can knw mre abut the life f great peple as well as histry and cultures f ther cuntries.
我们能够了解更多伟人的生活以及其他国家的历史和文化。
[例2] As well as being a phtgrapher，she is a talented musician.
她除了是个摄影师，还是个天才音乐家。
[知识拓展]
as well as连接两种词性、结构对等的成分，如对等名词、动词、代词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式等。重点掌握以下要点：
(1)as well as连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词根据其前面的名词或代词确定。
(2)as well as位于句首，相当于besides，in additin t，后接动词时，用动名词形式。
(3)as well as也可以表示同级比较，意思是“和……一样好”，well为副词。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/同义句改写
①Helen，as well as her brthers，has gne(g) abrad already.
②As well as learning(learn)English，we want t experience life in the USA.
③Students shuld develp their wn interests as well as d(d) their schlwrk.
④The child is lively as well as healthy(health)．
⑤He didn't perfrm as well as sme f his cmpetitrs.
⑥They visited sme factries，hspitals as well as the schl.
→They visited nt nly the schl but als sme factries and hspitals.
(2)defence n．防御；保卫
[例1] In defence f ur natin，many sldiers lst their lives.
为了保卫我们的国家，很多战士献出了生命。
[例2] The twn walls were built as a defence against enemy attacks.
这些城墙是为防御敌人袭击而修建的。
[知识拓展]
(1)in defence f...为了保卫……
(2)defend vt.保护；保卫；为……辩护
保卫……以免受……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①What was especially imprtant fr Tim's successful defence(defend)in the ftball game?
②What talking pints can be raised in defence f this argument?
③Students shuld be trained t defend themselves against/frm sme attacks.
知识要点5 surrund vt.围绕；包围
(教材P40)Almst everywhere yu g in the UK，yu will be surrunded by evidence f fur different grups f peple wh tk ver at different times thrughut histry.
几乎无论你走到英国的哪个地方，周围总有迹象表明，在历史上，有四批人在不同的时期统治着英国。
[例1] A lake is an area f water surrunded by land.
一个湖泊就是被一片陆地包围的水域。
[例2] If yu're serius abut wanting t live a healthy life，it's extremely imprtant t surrund yurself with peple wh'll prvide yu with prper emtinal supprt.
如果你真的想过上健康的生活，和能给你提供适当情感支持的人在一起是尤为重要的。
[知识拓展]
(1)be surrunded by...被……包围、环绕
(2)surrund neself with sb./sth.和某人/某物在一起
(3)surrunding adj.周围的；附近的
(4)surrundings n.环境
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①When I came t the airprt，I saw that the place was surrunded(surrund) by plice.
②Steve arrived and sat in the frnt rw，surrunded(surrund) by his family.
③Standing n the tp，we admired the surrunding(surrund) scenes.
④She was faced with a new jb in unfamiliar surrundings(surrunding)．
⑤他喜欢结交幽默的人们。
He likes t surrund himself with humrus peple.
[小片段填空]
Once upn a time，a king wh was plite t surrunding cuntries，lived in a castle surrunded by a large frest and having wnderful surrundings．(surrund)
知识要点6 keep ne's eyes pen (fr)留心；留意
(教材P41)If yu keep yur eyes pen，yu will be surprised t find that yu can see bth its past and its present.
如果你留心的话，你会惊奇地发现你能看到它的过去和现在。
[例1] Keep yur eyes pen fr a by in a red cap and a red sweater.
你要留心注意一个戴红帽子、穿红毛衣的小男孩。
[例2] Just keep yur eyes pen and yur muth shut.
请你睁大眼睛，闭上嘴巴。
[知识拓展]
keep an eye n照看，照管；留心注意
lk sb.in the eye(s)直视别人
have an eye fr对……有判断力/鉴赏力
catch sb.'s eye吸引某人的注意
[即学即练] 完成句子
①We've asked the neighburs t keep an eye n (照看) the huse fr us while we are away.
②A red pencilmark n the fifth page caught his eye(引起了他的注意)．
③A gd artist must have an eye fr clur(对颜色有判断力)．
Sentence Patterns
重点句式1 everywhere引导地点状语从句
(教材P40)Almst everywhere yu g in the UK，yu will be surrunded by evidence f fur different grups f peple wh tk ver at different times thrughut histry.
几乎无论你走到英国的哪个地方，周围总有迹象表明，在历史上，有四批人在不同的时期统治着英国。
[句式分析]
句中everywhere yu g in the UK为everywhere引导的地点状语从句，相当于wherever yu g in the UK。
[例1] Everywhere they lked，nearly everything was destryed.
他们无论朝哪里看，几乎一切都被毁了。
[例2] I wanted t save up mney and buy my wn car，s I applied everywhere I culd that summer.
那年夏天，我想攒钱买属于自己的车，所以四处求职。
[知识拓展]
引导地点状语从句的连词有：where(在……地方)，wherever(无论哪里，在任何地方)，everywhere(每一……地方，到处)，anywhere(任何地方)。
[即学即练] 完成句子/同义句改写
①这位电影明星所到之处都有成群的人等着见她。
Wherever the film star ges，there are crwds f peple waiting t see her.
②你可以去任何你喜欢的地方。
Yu can g anywhere yu like．
③有志者，事竟成。
Where there is a will，there is a way．
④She'll wear fine jewellery everywhere she ges.
→She'll wear fine jewellery n matter where/wherever she ges.
重点句式2 the way后接定语从句
(教材P40－41)They intrduced the beginnings f the English language，and changed the way peple built huses．
他们是英语的创始人，并且改变了人们建造房屋的方式。
[句式分析]
句中the way 后为省略了关系词that 或in which的定语从句。
[例1] D it the way (that/in which) yu were taught.
要按照教你的那样做。
[例2] I was impressed by the way in which she did it.
她完成这件事的方式给我留下了深刻的印象。
[知识拓展]
(1)the way 后面的定语从句，关系词若在从句中作状语，相当于“用这种方式/方法(＝in this way)”时，通常不用关系词，偶尔用 that，在较正式的文体里才用 in which 来引导。
(2)the way 后不能用 hw 引导定语从句，但也可以不用the way，而直接用 hw 引导的名词性从句来表达这类意思。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The way that this matter can be used depends n its prperties.
②The way which/that was thught f by him f ding the experiment was similar t the way that yu carried it ut.
③我不喜欢他和他父母说话的方式。
I dn't like the way(that/in which) he speaks t his parents.
④他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。
The way(which/that) he explained t us was quite simple.
1．(教材P40)Almst everywhere yu g in the UK，yu will be surrunded by evidence f fur different grups f peple wh tk ver at different times thrughut histry.
[分析] 本句是一个主从复合句，everywhere yu g in the UK为地点状语从句，wh tk ver at different times thrughut histry为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词peple。
[译文] 几乎无论你走到英国的哪个地方，周围总有迹象表明，在历史上，有四批人在不同的时期统治着英国。
2．(教材P41)The capital city Lndn is a great place t start，as it is an ancient prt city that has a histry dating all the way back t Rman times.
[分析] 本句是一个主从复合句，as引导的是一个原因状语从句，that has a histry dating all the way back t Rman times为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词city，其中现在分词短语dating all the way back t Rman times作名词histry的后置定语。
[译文] 首都伦敦是一个很好的起点，因为它是一个古老的港口城市，它的历史可以追溯到罗马时代。
3．(教材P41)If yu keep yur eyes pen，yu will be surprised t find that yu can see bth its past and its present.
[分析] 本句是复合句，if引导条件状语从句，that引导宾语从句。
[译文] 如果你留心的话，你会惊奇地发现你能看到它的过去和现在。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The wman scientist was awarded the Nbel Prize fr Physics fr her great achievement(achieve)．
2．Scientists are puzzled(puzzle)as t why the whale swam t the shre.
3．He is a clerk belnging (belng) t this cmpany.
4．Men and wmen，yung and ld，were fighting against the fld in defence(defend)f their wn hmes.
5．Surrunded(surrund)by rws f trees，ur library stands ut frm all the ther buildings.
6．In rder t prve that he is inncent，sme new evidence(evident)is needed.
7．I dn't like the way that he laughed at me.
8．The English teacher，as well as the students was singing(sing)a sng when I passed the classrm.
9．The village was used as the lcatin(lcate)fr a ppular TV series.
10．Parking lt wners shuld be legally(legal)respnsible fr prtecting vehicles.
Ⅱ.短语填空
；belng t；break away frm；as well as；leave behind；result in；take ver；date back t；keep ne's eyes pen；be similar t
1．Dating back t 1933，the Suth Lake Park in Changchun is lcated in the suthwestern part f the Changchun city.
2．If yu keep yur eyes pen，yu will be surprised t find many beautiful ancient wden twers.
3．She tk ver his wrk after his departure.
4．Bth grups jined frces t persuade vters t apprve a tax break fr the industry.
5．Tm as well as his parents went t Hng Kng t spend the summer hliday.
6．Only then did I realize that it was flish f me t break away frm all f my friends.
7．Yu might learn that haste makes waste if yu d smething s fast，resulting in mistakes.
8．As is knwn t all，cultural relics belng t human beings rather than individuals.
9．When yu g camping，please d nt leave behind any trash.
10．Their schl is similar t urs，but urs is much mre beautiful.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Accrding t the British histry，Wales is the first cuntry t be jined 1.t the Kingdm f England，which happened in the 16th century.Later，Sctland and Ireland 2.were added(add) t create the United Kingdm f Great Britain and Ireland.In the 20th century，the suthern part f Ireland 3.brke(break) away frm the UK，4.which resulted in the full name we have tday：the United Kingdm f Great Britain and Nrthern Ireland，whse 5.shrtened(shrten) name is “the United Kingdm” r “the UK”．The fur cuntries f the UK use 6.the same flag as well as the same currency and military defence.Hwever，they als have sme 7.differences(different)，like different legal systems.The UK's lng and interesting histry can help yu understand much mre abut the cuntry and its traditins.Studying the histry f the UK will make yur visit much mre 8.enjyable(enjy)．The capital city Lndn is a great place 9.t start(start)，as it is an ancient prt city that has a histry 10.dating(date) all the way back t Rman times.There are cuntless histric sites t explre，and lts f museums with ancient relics frm all ver the UK.
教材
高考
1.The fur cuntries that belng t the United Kingdm wrk tgether in sme areas.
(2020·天津卷)The tw belng tgether.
2.They use the same flag，knwn as the Unin Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence.
(2019·天津卷)Amy，as well as her brthers，was given a warm welcme when returning t the village last week.
3.Almst everywhere yu g in the UK，yu will be surrunded by evidence f fur different grups f peple wh tk ver at different times thrughut histry.
(2019·江苏卷)And dn't frget：we are surrunded by a natural playgrund just perfect fr walking，caving，climbing and cycling.
4.Sme f their great achievements included building twns and rads.
(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)List all f yur accmplishments and achievements.