人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 3 Diverse Cultures课后测评

Unit 2 Section III 课时训练

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．You will b______from her good example.

答案：benefit

2．The two schools are to be c______to form one big new school.

答案：combined

3．His English was so l______ that he couldn’t even tell the foreign friend where he was from.

答案：limited

4．The teacher told him not to______(叹息)over the failure of yesterday’s test.

答案：sigh

5．Chocolate can offer you some e______ when you are tired or hungry.

答案：energy

Ⅱ.短语填空

in debt，before long，spy on，earn one’s living，put on weight

1．It is easier to______，but it is quite difficult to lose weight.

答案：put on weight

2．He tried so hard to stay awake，but______ he fell asleep.

答案：before long

3．Being unable to speak English，he found it hard to______in America.

答案：earn / make his living

4．Do not borrow money from others unless you want to be______.

答案：in debt

5．Nobody，including your parents，has the right to______ you.

答案：spy on

Ⅲ.单项填空

1．My mother often saves a lot of money by ______ the prices of everything she buys.

A．turning down　　　　　　B．cutting down

C．turning up  D．cutting up

解析：考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：通过砍价，妈妈经常节省不少钱。turn down“使(音量)变小”；cut down“砍掉；削减”；turn up“出现；开大(声音等)”；cut up“切碎”。

答案：B

2．Harry has been out of work for six months，so he has difficulty______.

A．earning livings   B．earning his living

C．to earn livings    D．to earn his living

解析：考查短语用法。have difficulty(in)doing sth.是固定句式，意为“做某事有困难”；“谋生”用earn one’s living表示。故选B项。

答案：B

3．The owner of the restaurant was afraid of ______ in debt and decided to do some research ______ healthy foods to change the situation.

A．to be；on  B．being；to

C．to be；in  D．being；into

解析：句意：餐馆老板害怕负债，决定对健康食品做一番研究以改变局势。be afraid of后接doing。be in debt“负债”；do some research into“对……进行研究”。

答案：D

4．Don’t be so upset.It won’t be ______ your children can return to school again.

A．long before  B．long ago

C．before long  D．long

解析：考查固定句型。句意：不用伤心，不久你的孩子们就会重返校园的。“It won’t be long before...”意为“不久之后就……”。

答案：A

5．—Mum，why have us eat much vegetable?

   —Because it is ______to our health.

A．benefit  B．benefited

C．beneficial  D．benefits

解析：句意：——妈妈，我们为什么吃很多蔬菜？——因为对我们的健康有好处。be beneficial to“对……有好处”。

答案：C

6．After I told her the news，she ______ me in astonishment.

A．glanced at  B．glared at

C．watched at  D．stared at

解析：句意：我告诉她这个消息之后，她吃惊地盯着看我。glance at“扫视”；glare at“怒视”；watch后不接介词而直接接宾语；stare at“盯着看”。

答案：D

7．The speed of cars and trucks is ______ 30 kilometers per hour in large cities in China.

A．limited   B．limiting

C．limiting to  D．limited to

解析：句意：在中国大城市里车速被限制在每小时30公里以内。“limit...to...”“把……限定在……范围之内”。

答案：D

8．Let’s ______ my scientific knowledge and your business skills and start a company.

A．connect   B．relate

C．combine   D．put

解析：考查动词词义辨析。connect“联系”；relate“相关”；combine“结合”；put“放置”。由题意可知C项正确。

答案：C

9．—I’m so tired after a whole night work.

—______a rest?

A．Why don’t take  B．Why not taking

C．Why not take  D．Why not to take

解析：句意：——工作了整个晚上，我很劳累。——为什么不休息一会儿呢？“Why not＋do sth.？”表示“为什么不做某事呢？”，故选C项。

答案：C

10．Teens should learn to ______ their teachers or parents when meeting problems they can not solve themselves.

A．combine   B．concern

C．consult  D．command

解析：句意：当遇到自己解决不了的问题时，青少年应该学会向老师或家长咨询。consult“咨询，请教”，符合句意。combine“(使)联合”；concern“担忧；涉及”；command“命令；指令”。

答案：C

11．She sent you to ______ me，didn’t she?

A．put on  B．spy on

C．rely on  D．hold on

解析：句意：她派你来监视我，对不对？spy on“暗中监视”，符合句意。put on“穿上”；rely on“依赖；依靠”；hold on“别挂断”。

答案：B

12．The Great Wall is ______ tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year.

A．so a well­known  B．a so well­known

C．such well­known a  D．such a well­known

解析：句意：长城是一处如此有名的旅游胜地以至于每年都有上百万人来参观。本句为“so/such...that”句式。当so/such后有形容词修饰的单数可数名词时，其结构分别为“so＋形容词＋不定冠词＋单数可数名词”和“such＋不定冠词＋形容词＋单数可数名词”，由此判断选D项。

答案：D

13．—______either he or I to blame?

—Neither he nor you______.

A．Is；is   B．Is；are

C．Am；are  D．Am；is

解析：句意：——他或者我该负责任吗？——他和你都不该负责任。“either...or...”和“neither...nor...”连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数要与靠近它的主语一致。

答案：B

14．Most people would agree that nuclear science should be developed to benefit the human beings______harm them.

A．more than  B．other than

C．less than  D．rather than

解析：句意：大多数人认为发展核科学应该造福人类而不是伤害他们。more than“超过”；other than“除了”；less than“少于”；rather than“而不是”。根据句意可知选D项。

答案：D

15．She______her place in the team______training hard.

A．took；by   B．earned；for

C．gained；as  D．earned；by

解析：句意：她通过刻苦训练来赢得在队里的位置。前一空格内应选表示“赢得”意义的词，后一空格内应选表示方式的介词。

答案：D

Ⅳ.阅读理解

A

Organic food is no healthier than ordinary food，a large independent review has concluded.More than 50 studies were included in the review.There is little difference in nutritional value and no evidence of any extra health benefits from eating organic produce，UK researchers found.

The Food Standards Agency(FSA)who commissioned(委托)the report said the findings would help people make an“informed choice”．But the Soil Association criticized the study and called for better research.

Researchers from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine looked at all the evidence on nutrition and health benefits from the past 50 years.Among the 55 of 162 studies that were included in the final analysis，there were a small number of differences in nutrition between organic and ordinarily produced food but not large enough to be of any public health relevance，said the study leader Dr.Alan Dangour.

Overall the report found no differences in most nutrients in organically or ordinarily grown crops，including in vitamin C，calcium and iron.The same was true for studies looking at meat，dairy and eggs.Differences that were discovered，for example in levels of nitrogen(氮)and phosphorus(磷)，were most likely to be due to differences in fertilizer use and ripeness at harvest and were unlikely to provide any health benefit，the report concluded.

Gill Fine，a FSA director，said，“This study does not mean that people should not eat organic food.What it shows is that there is little，if any，nutritional difference between organic and ordinary food and that there is no evidence of additional health benefits from eating organic food.”She added that the FSA was neither pro nor anti organic food and recognized there were many reasons why people chose to eat organic，including animal welfare or environmental concerns.

Dr.Dangour said，“Our review indicates that there is currently no evidence to support the selection of organically over ordinarily produced foods on the basis of nutritional superiority(优势)”He added that better quality studies were needed.

Peter Melchett，a policy director，said they were disappointed with the conclusions.“The review rejected almost all of the existing studies of comparisons between organic and non­organic nutritional differences.Without large­scale，longitudinal research(纵向研究)it is difficult to come to far­reaching clear conclusions on this，which was acknowledged by the authors of the FSA review.Also，there is not sufficient(充分的)research on the long­term effects of pesticides(杀虫剂)on human health，”he added.

语篇解读：一项大的独立审查得出结论：有机食品并不比普通食品更健康。但对这个结论仁者见仁智者见智。

1．Which of the following is TRUE according to the independent review?

A．Organic food is richer in calcium and iron.

B．Organic food develops from non­organic food.

C．Ordinary food is not healthier than organic food.

D．Nutrients in organic and ordinary food are almost the same.

解析：细节理解题。由第一段可知，有机食品并没比普通食品健康，它们的营养价值没有多大区别，也没有证据显示吃有机食品能在健康上获得额外的好处。

答案：D

2．Dr.Alan Dangour shared Gill Fine’s opinion that______.

A．organic food wasn’t superior to ordinary food

B．better quality studies were needed in future

C．people benefited more from organic food than ordinary food

D．people needn’t choose to eat organic food

解析：推理判断题。首先注意第三段中Dr.Alan Dangour和第六段中Dr.Dangour是同一个人；该文第三至六段正方论点“Organic food is no healthier than ordinary food”；第七段是反方观点。

答案：A

3．Peter Melchett was disappointed with the conclusions mainly because______.

A．the researchers ignored the influence of pesticides

B．the conclusions are different from the previous studies

C．the researchers didn’t adopt scientific research methods

D．the conclusions are only based on a narrow scale and thus unbelievable

解析：推理判断题。从最后一段最后两句知，Peter Melchett认为没有经过长期的大规模的纵深研究的结论是草率武断的，并不可信，所以是令人失望的。

答案：D

4．What is the author’s attitude towards the opinion“Organic food is no healthier than ordinary food”？

A．Approving(同意的，赞成的)．

B．Neutral(中立的)．

C．Negative(消极的)．

D．Disappointed.

解析：推理判断题。作者既没有支持也没有反对这个结论，只是把正反两方的观点呈现给读者，所以态度是中立的。

答案：B

B

Thomas“Tommy”Carter is a plant scientist in North Carolina with the Agricultural Research Service in the United States Department of Agriculture.He leads Team Drought，a group of researchers at five universities.They have been using traditional breeding(培育)methods to develop soybeans(大豆)that can grow well under dry conditions.

Tommy Carter started working on drought­resistant soybeans in 1981.His research has taken him as far as China，where soybeans have been grown for thousands of years.

Farmers in the United States，however，have grown soybeans for only about a century.Tommy Carter says the soybeans they grow are for the most part genetically similar.More differences，or diversification，could better protect crops against climate changes that can reduce production.Those changes include water shortages which could increase from global warming.

The Agriculture Department has a soybean germplasm(胚质)collection，a collection of genetic material passed from one generation to the next.Members of Team Drought studied more than 2,500 examples from the collection.

They looked at ones from the ancestral home of soybeans，Asia.They searched for germplasms that could keep plants from weakening and wilting(枯萎)during hot，dry summers in the United States.

Tommy Carter says they found only five.But these slowwilting lines，he says，produce four to eight bushels(蒲式耳：容量单位)more than normal soybeans under drought conditions.The output depends on location and environment.

The team is now doing field tests.The first breeding line is expected to be released next year for use by private seed companies and public soybean breeders.

Scientists are also working on other plants that either use less water or use it better，or both.For example，companies like Monsanto，DuPont and Syngenta are developing corn with reduced water needs.Monsanto expects to be ready in four years to market its first corn seeds genetically engineered to resist drought.

语篇解读：为应对威胁农作物生长的缺水现象，美国科学家正进行田间试验，希望能够找到抗旱的大豆和其他农作物。

5．What is the passage mainly about?

A．A portrait of a plant scientist.

B．A comparative study on soybeans.

C．Drought that threatens agriculture.

D．The development of water­saving crops.

解析：主旨大意题。本文主要介绍美国科学家正在研究抗旱的大豆和其他农作物，即节约用水的农作物。

答案：D

6．From the passage we can learn that ______.

A．Asia has a long history of growing soybeans

B．America depends on the export of soybeans from China

C．soybeans that reduce water needs have been developed

D．American soybeans are genetically similar to Asian soybeans

解析：细节理解题。从第五段“They looked at ones from the ancestral home of soybeans”和第二段“...China，where soybeans have been grown for thousands of years.”可知A项对。

答案：A

7．Tommy Carter is doing the research on the crops that ______.

A．are genetically similar

B．increase food production

C．defend themselves against drought

D．can survive global warming

解析：细节理解题。本文多处提到科学家正在研究抗旱的农作物，其他的选项没有提到。

答案：C

8．It can be inferred that genetically improved crops______.

A．benefit American farmers

B．grow well against climate change

C．are being studied in Asia by Tommy Carter’s team

D．sell well in such companies as Monsanto and Syngenta

解析：细节理解题.从第三段"More differences, or diversification, could better protect crops against climate changes that can reduce production，，可知B项正确.

    答案:B