2021学年Unit 5 The power of nature第1课时一课一练

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人教版必修五 Unit 1 Great scientists

1. Warming Up and Reading

一、单词拼写。

结合语境，根据汉语或首字母提示用单词的适当形式填空。

1. The h__________ of the door is off.

2. Don’t come to the c__________ before you make a careful investigation.

3. We d__________ Lincoln High School in the baseball game yesterday.

4. Some chemical are easily a__________ into the bloodstream, while others are not.

5. The opposition leader c__________ the prime minister to call an election.

6. How many people __________(参加) your wedding?

7.They __________(怀疑) me of having a hand in the affair.

8.She __________(责怪) him for the failure of their marriage.

9.The air is __________(污染) so badly in some regions that people could hardly breathe.

10. Good planning is one of the __________(特征) of a successful business.

二、课文缩写。

John Snow was a/an 11.__________ doctor in London who 12.__________ Queen Victoria as her personal 13.__________. But he also wanted to help those ordinary people who were 14.__________ to cholera. The cause and the 15.__________ of the disease were not understood. So John Snow wanted to face the 16.__________ and solve this problem. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. And the second suggested that people 17.__________ this disease into their bodies with their meals. John Snow 18.__________ that the second one was correct but he needed evidence. So he was ready to begin his 19.__________ in 1854. As the disease spread quickly through poor 20.__________,he began to gather information about the disease.

三、七选五。

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

I’m 30 years old, and there are several things that life has taught me that I want to share with you.

Take care of your body.

It’s important that you do all that is in your power to look your best. __21__ You will live longer, and you will live happier, if you take care of your body. Remember that your health is really your greatest wealth.

__22__

I was able to learn the value of saving through reading some great books. What I want to teach others is to save at least twenty percent of your income. If you are to be wealthy, you must not just earn a lot, you must save a lot.

Think long-term.

In high school I was thinking about college; in college I was thinking about life after college. I’m designing my life and I’m making decisions today that will help me to live the life I want. __23__

Realize the power of focus.

__24__ If you fail in this lifetime, you will fail because of broken focus. If you focus on the goals that are most important to you, you will achieve them. _25__ Winners decide to deal with major matters; they just focus on achieving what is important to their goals.

A. Save your money.

B. Health is of great importance.

C. Nothing is more important than focus.

D. I mean dressing nicely, doing exercise and eating right.

E. If you plan your future properly, you will live into your plans.

F. It’s important that you make friends with those who are good first.

G. What separates the winners from the losers is that the winners learn to focus on their goal.

四、完形填空。

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

I recently heard a story about a famous scientist who had made several very important medical breakthroughs (突破). He was being interviewed by a reporter who asked him __26__ he thought he was able to be so much more __27__ than the average person.

He responded that it all came from a(n) __28__ with his mother that happened when he was about two. He had been trying to __29_ milk from the fridge when he __30__ the slippery (光滑的) bottle, its contents running all over the kitchen floor.

When his mother came in, __31_ shouting at him or giving him a lecture, she said, “Robert, what a great and wonderful __32__ you have made! I have __33__ seen such a huge pool of milk. Well, the damage has already been __34__. Would you like to get down and __35_ in the milk for a few minutes before we clean it up?”

His mother said, “You know, what we have here is a __36__ experiment in how to carry a big milk bottle with two __37__ hands. Let’s fill the bottle with water and see if you can __38__ it.” The little boy learned that if he __39_ the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it. What a wonderful __40__!

This scientist then said that it was at that moment that he knew he didn’t need to be __41_ to make mistakes. Instead, he learned that mistakes were just __42__ for learning something new, which is, __43__, what scientific experiments are all about. Even if the experiment “doesn’t _44__”, we usually learn something __45__ from it.

26. A. why　　　　　　　　　 B. what

C. when D. how

27. A. active B. absent

C. creative  D. honest

28. A. idea B. experience

C. accident  D. defeat

29. A. carry B. replace

C. remove  D. protect

30. A. fell B. lost

C. escaped  D. dropped

31. A. in honor of B. instead of

C. in spite of D. in place of

32. A. picture  B. mass

C. map D. mess

33. A. rarely B. happily

C. frequently D. angrily

34. A. got B. suffered

C. done D. received

35. A. jump B. play

C. enjoy D. handle

36. A. failed B. successful

C. fantastic D. painful

37. A. strong  B. tiny

C. thin D. expert

38. A. get B. put

C. try D. make

39. A. controlled B. analysed

C. broke D. held

40. A. cure  B. teaching

C. lesson D. instruction

41. A. concerned  B. nervous

C. athletic D. afraid

42. A. situations B. chances

C. times D. turns

43. A. after all  B. above all

C. first of all D. in all

44. A. do B. finish

C. go  D. work

45. A. lovable B. severe

C. valuable  D. interesting

人教版必修五 Unit 1 Great scientists

1. Warming Up and Reading   参考答案及解析

一、单词拼写。

【答案】

1. handle

2.conclusion

3.defeated

4. absorbed

5.challenged

6. attended

7.suspected

8.blamed

9.polluted

10. characteristics

二、课文缩写。

【答案】

11. famous

12. attended

13. physician

14. exposed

15. cure

16. challenge

17. absorbed

18. suspected

19. enquirer

20. neighborhoods

三、七选五。

【答案】

21. D  22. A  23. E  24. C  25. G

【解析】

    本文是一篇说明文，作者向读者分享了四条人生经验。

21. D 根据下文的You will live longer, and you will live happier说明本句是说要穿得好，吃得好，还要经常锻炼。故D项符合上下文。

22. A 根据本段第二句What I want to teach others is to save at least twenty percent of your income.可知，本段倡导我们要存钱，以防意外情况的出现。

23. E 本段的标题是Think long-term，即我们要有长远打算，要有恰当的未来计划，如果我们有了这样的计划，我们就能实现自己的目标。

24. C 根据本段小标题以及段落中的内容可知，本段强调的是要集中注意力于我们的目标。

25. G 空格处的上一句和下一句都在强调要想成功就得把注意力集中于我们的目标上，这正是失败者和成功者最大的区别。故G项符合要求。

考点：考查说明文阅读

难度：较难

四、完形填空。

【答案】

26. A

27. C

28. B

29. C

30. D

31. B

32. D

33. A

34. C 

35. B

36. A 

37. B

38. D

39. D

40. C

41. D

42. B 

43. A

44. D

45. C

【解析】

一位科学家为什么能够与众不同？这与他母亲对他的教育有关。两岁时，他把奶瓶掉在地上，牛奶撒了一地，妈妈没有批评他，反而鼓励他尝试如何把瓶子抓好，因为错误往往是学习新知识的良机。妈妈的做法也培养了他勇敢地面对失败、敢于担当的品质。

26. A 句意：记者采访他，为什么他认为他能够比一般人更有创造力。由前后文语境可知，此处表示原因，why (为什么)符合句意，故选A。

27. C　第一句话说了他有几项重要的医学突破，这应该离不开一种创造力。

28. B 句意：他回应道：这完全来自于他两岁时和妈妈在一起的一次经历。根据后面科学家的一段经历可知，B项符合语境。idea“主意”；experience“经历”；accident“事故”；defeat“失败”。

29. C 句意：他一直尽力把牛奶从冰箱里拿出来，此时瓶子从手中滑落。carry“携带”；replace“取代”；remove“移动”；protect“保护”。remove...from是固定搭配，意思是“从……地方拿走/移开”，故选C。

30. D 根据后文语境he could carry it without dropping it可知，他把瓶子掉到地上了。故选D。drop与fall两者都可表示“掉，落”，区别如下：fall表示“落下”，多指无意的行为，有自然坠落之意，且通常是不及物动词；drop既可指无意的行为，即表示“落下（不及物）”，也可指有意的行为，即表示“投下（及物）”。

31. B 妈妈没有因为奶瓶掉了，牛奶洒了一地而对他喊叫或者讲一番道理。in honor of“纪念”；instead of“代替，而不是”； in spite of “尽管”；in place of“人或物替代其他人或物”。

32. D 句意：你弄得可真够乱的。下文妈妈提到make a mess。make a mess是固定搭配，意思是“搞得乱七八糟”。故选D。picture“照片”；mass“团，块”；map“地图”；mess“脏乱；混乱”。

33. A 句意：“我”很少见到这么一大摊牛奶。由上文可知妈妈说儿子这个乱子不小，因此下文对应地说“很少”见到这种情况。故rarely“很少”符合句意；happily“高兴地”；frequently“经常地”；angrily“生气地”。

34. C 句意：既然已经造成了损害。suffer“遭受”；do damage是固定搭配，意为“损害”，这里用了被动形式，故选C。

35. B 句意：你愿意在牛奶中玩一会儿然后我们再收拾干净吗？jump“跳”，play“玩”；enjoy“喜欢”；handle“处理”。get down and play 相当于get down to playing，故选B。

36. A 他把奶瓶掉在地上，所以应该说是一次失败的经历。failed“失败的”；successful“成功的”；fantastic“不可思议的”；painful“痛苦的”，故选A。

37. B 前文提到他当时只有两岁，所以他的手应该是小的：tiny“小的”。故选B。strong“强壮的”；thin“瘦的”；expert“熟练的”。

38. D 句意：把瓶子里装满水，看看你能不能做好。get it“明白了”；put it“放”；try it“试试看”；make it“成功”。 故选D。

39. D 句意：小男孩学会了如果他两只手抓住上边靠近瓶口的地方，他就可以抓住奶瓶不掉落了。control“控制”；analyse“分析”；break“打碎”；hold“握住”，故选D。

40. C 通过自己亲手做让孩子知道怎么做，这一课上得很精彩。cure“治愈”；teaching“教学”；lesson“课，教训”；instruction“命令；指示”，故选C。

41. D 句意：科学家在那一刻也明白了他不必害怕犯错误。concerned“担心的”；nervous“紧张的”；fearful“可怕的”；athletic“运动的”。固定短语be afraid to do sth.意为“不敢做某事”，故选D。

42. B 句意：他懂得了错误只是他学习新东西的机会。 situation“局面”； chance“机会”；time“时代，次数”；turn“转弯”，故选B。

43 A 句意：通过以上的经历，科学家的感受是：科学实验终究是试验一个又一个的错误。after all“毕竟；终究”，符合句意；above all“最重要的是”；first of all“首先；第一”；in all“总共；合计”。

44. D 句意：即使实验不成功，我们通常也可以学到有价值的东西。work“工作；起作用”，故选D。do“做”；finish“完成”；go“去；前往”。

45. C 句意：即使实验不成功，我们通常也可以学到有价值的东西。lovable“可爱的”；

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