高考英语复习【语法专题突破训练】——定语从句的用法

这是一份高考英语复习【语法专题突破训练】——定语从句的用法，共7页。学案主要包含了定语从句的功用和结构，关系代词和关系副词的功用，具体使用时还要注意下列问题等内容，欢迎下载使用。
定语从句的用法
1概念引入
欣赏含有定语从句的名言：
Laughter is the sun that drives winter frm the human face.
笑是太阳，它从人们的脸上赶走冬天。
Dn’t trust the first sign that yu see.
不要相信你看见的第一个迹象。
All is nt gld that glitters.
发光的未必都是金子。
Nthing is impssible t the man wh has will.
世上无难事，只怕有心人。
Gd helps thse wh help themselves.
自助者天助。
2用法讲解
一、定语从句的功用和结构
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词，定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。
This is the present that he gave me fr my birthday.
这是他给我的生日礼物。
D yu knw everybdy wh came t the party?
你认识来宴会的每一位吗？
This is the place where Chairman Ma nce lived.
这是毛主席曾经居住的地方。
二、各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法
1. wh 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
I prefer singers wh can write their wn lyrics.
我更喜欢能写自己歌词的歌唱家。
These are musicians wh make us happy.
这些是能让我们高兴的音乐家。
Peple wh eat a balanced diet are healthier.
平衡饮食的人是健康的。
2. whm指人，在定语从句中作宾语。
D yu knw the yung man (whm) we met at the gate？
你认识我们在门口遇到的那个年轻人吗？
Mr. Lee (whm) yu want t see has cme.
你想见的李先生已经来了。
3. whse 指人，在定语从句中作定语。
The girl whse mther is ill is staying at hme tday.
她妈妈病了的那个女孩今天呆在家。
I knw the by whse father is a prfessr.
我认识他的父亲是教授的那个男孩。
4. which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。
A dictinary is a bk which gives the meaning f wrds.
字典是给单词释义的一本书。
Here is the bk (which) the teacher mentined yesterday.
这是老师昨天提到的那本书。
5. that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
I prefer music that has great lyrics. 我喜欢具有优美歌词的音乐。
Carmen likes music that’s lud. Carmen喜欢大声的音乐。
I like music that I can dance t. 我喜欢能伴舞的音乐。
6. when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。
I’ll never frget the time when we wrked n the farm.
我从来不会忘记我们工作在农场的那个时光。
He arrived in Beijing n the day when I left.
在我离开的那天他到的北京。
7. where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。
This is the huse where we lived last year.
这是我们去年居住的那个房子。
The factry where his father wrks is in the east f the city.
他的父亲工作的工厂是在城市的东边。
三、关系代词和关系副词的功用
关系代词和关系副词用来引导定语从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分，关系代词可作主语、宾语或定语，关系副词可作状语。
1. 作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词一致。
I dn’t like peple wh talk much but d little.
我不喜欢说话多做事少的人。
The cars which are prduced in Hubei Prvince sell very well.
在湖北省生产的汽车销量好。
2. 作宾语
She is the persn that I met at the schl gate yesterday.
她是我昨天在校门口遇到的那个人。
The bk that my grandmther gave me is called The Great Escape.
我奶奶给我的那本书叫做《胜利大逃亡》。
3. 作定语：关系代词whse在定语从句中作定语。
What’s the name f the yung man whse sister is a dctr?
他的妹妹是医生的那个年轻男士叫什么名字？
The girl whse father is a teacher studies very hard.
她的父亲是一位老师的那个女孩学习非常努力。
4. 作状语
I’ll never frget the day when I first came t Beijing.
我从来不会忘记我第一次来北京的那天。
This is the huse where I was brn.
这是我出生的那个房子。
四、具体使用时还要注意下列问题：
1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情况：
1）先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which。
He was the first persn that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
2）被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything，nne，the ne等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which。
Is there anything that yu want t buy in the shp？在商店里你有什么东西要买吗？
3）先行词被the nly，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which。
This is the same bike that I lst. 这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
4）先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that， 而不用which.
I can remember well the persns and sme pictures that I saw in the rm.
我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
5）以wh或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.
Wh is the girl that is crying？正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？
6）主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.
There is a bk n the desk that belngs t Tm. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
2. 只能用which，不用that的情况：
1）先行词为that，thse时，用which，而不用that.
What’s that which is under the desk？在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？
2）关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.
This is the rm in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
3）引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that.
Tm came back，which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。
3. 关系代词 whm，which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放在先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whm 或 which 放先行词后，而将介词置于定语从句的后面。
That was the rm in which we had lived fr ten years.
= That was the rm which we had lived in fr ten years.
那是我们居住了十年的房子。
巩固练习
I. 用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句。
1. The by is my yunger brther. He was here a minute ag.
___________________________________________
2. The ld man is a prfessr. He teaches chemistry in a cllege.
_____________________________________________
3. Beijing Htel is near Tian An Men Square. The freign visitrs live there.
_____________________________________________
4. The wman is here nw. Yu were talking abut her just nw.
_____________________________________________
5. This is the hall. We listened t the reprt in it the ther day.
_____________________________________________
6. The car was ging 90 miles an hur. The car just passed us.
_____________________________________________
7. The man waved t us. The man was my uncle.
_____________________________________________
8. I enjyed reading the bk. Yu gave me a bk last week.
_____________________________________________
9. I prefer the subject. The subject is science.
_____________________________________________
10. I spke t the man. The man is a singer.
_____________________________________________
II. 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空。
1. The huse _______ we live in is very big.
2. The by ______ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.
3. This is the present _______ he gave me fr my birthday.
4. The man _______ talked t yu just nw is an engineer.
5. He talked abut the teachers and schls _______ he had visited.
6. There is nthing in the wrld _______ can frighten him.
7. She wears a gld ring, _______ is very uncmmn in ur class.
8. We visited a factry _______ makes tys fr children.
9. Is this the place _______ yur father nce lived?
10. I’ll never frget the days _______ I jined the League.
III. 单项填空。
1. —Wh is the man _______ was talking t ur English teacher?
—Oh! It’s Mr. Baker, ur maths teacher.
A. he B. that C. whm D. which
2. I hate the peple ________ dn’t help thers when they are in truble.
A. wh B. which C. they D. where
3. This is the place ______ I have ever visited.
A. there B. when C. where D. which
4. The mn is a wrld ______ there is n life.
A. that B. which C. where D. why
5. Watch carefully everything _____ the teacher will d.
A. that B. which C. what D. wh
6．I lve the place ____ the weather is always cl.
A. that B. where C. why D. which
7. The man and the dg ____ were hurt in the accident were sent t the hspital.
A. which B. wh C. that D. whm
8．The reasn ____ I was late fr the class was my versleeping.
A. why B. which C. that D. when
9. Jane is ne f the students in the class ______have ever been t China.
A. wh B. whse C. which D. whm
10. He lived in a small village, ______ was a lng way frm the railway statin.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
【真题链接】
1. The wman is the mst imprtant in my life is my mther.
A. which B. wh C. whm D. what
2. Peple ______ verweight need mre water than thin peple.
A．wh is B．which are C．that is D．wh are
3. After Mandela was free (自由的) in 1990, he chse t shake hands with the peple ________ wanted t kill him.
A. whse B. which C. / D. wh
4. He likes lw-carbn life. He lives in the huse ________ he built himself ut f trash.
A. where B. what C. which D. in which