高考英语【一轮复习】高考英语一轮复习语法专题（二）定语从句-关系代词学案

这是一份高考英语【一轮复习】高考英语一轮复习语法专题（二）定语从句-关系代词学案，共6页。学案主要包含了什么是定语？，定语从句，定语从句的位置，定语从句中的关系词，确定关系代词的步骤等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Attributive clauses
一、什么是定语(attribute)？
定义：定语是用来修饰名词或代词的句子成分。
He is an hnest by.
We lve ur cuntry.
I knw the girl in red.
位置：单个的词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词前面；短语或从句作定语时，放在被修饰的词后面。
二、定语从句
1.在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句（句意：“……的”）
2.被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做“ 先行词 ”
3.引导定语从句的词叫“关系词 ”。
He is an Chinese teacher wh likes singing sngs.
该句中，teacher 是先行词，wh是关系代词，wh likes singing sngs 叫做定语从句
三、定语从句的位置
定语从句通常放在被修饰词之后。
四、定语从句中的关系词
关系代词：wh、whm、whse、which、 that
关系副词：where﹑when﹑why
关系代词（wh, whm, which, that, whse）的指代关系
关系代词的三个作用:
1. 引导定语从句。
2. 代替先行词。
3. 在定语从句中担当一个成分。
关系词：
指人：wh、that、whm 、whse
指物：which、that、whse
例：
The girl is frm America.
I called her just nw.
我刚才叫的那个女孩来自美国。
→ The girl (whm/that/wh I called just nw ) is frm America.
whm/that/wh代替the girl，作定语从句中的宾语
2. They’re talking abut the film.
I have seen the film.
他们正在讨论我看过的那部电影。
→They’re talking abut the film (which/that I’ve seen).
which/that代替the film，作定语从句中的宾语
wh/that代替人，在从句中充当主语和宾语。
The by is called Tm. The by brke the windw.
→ The by (wh/that brke the windw) is called Tm.
作主语
D yu knw the girl? I talked t her.
→ D yu knw the girl (wh/that /whm I talked t)?
作宾语，可以省略
whm代替人,在从句中充当宾语。
1. The man is a teacher. I saw the man just nw.
→ The man (wh/ whm/that/不填 I saw just nw) is a teacher.
which /that代替事物，在从句中充当主语和宾语。
1.I can’t find the letter. The letter came this mrning.
→ I can’t find the letter (which/that came this mrning).
2.Please give me the bk. The bk is abut travel.
→Please give me the bk (which/that is abut travel).
3.This is the bag. My mther bught it last week.
→This is the bag (which/that my mther bught last week).
4. The huse is made f wd. Jack built the huse.
→The huse (which/that Jack built ) is made f wd.
（4）whse代替人或物, 指“人的…，物的…”
I have a girl friend. Her father is a scientist.
→I have a girl friend (whse father is a scientist).
=friend’s
I live in the city. The city’s name is Shanghai.
→I live in the city (whse name is Shanghai).
关系代词表示先行词的所属关系，指人和物时都用whse,可理解为“某人的，某物的”
whse+名词 = the 名词f which/whm
注意：
【一】 that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。
1.先行词为all, everything, nthing,smething, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。
I am sure she has smething (that) yu can brrw.
2.先行词被all, every, n, sme, any, few, little, much等修饰时。
I’ve read all the bks that are nt mine.
3.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。
This is the first bk (that) he has read.
4.先行词被the nly, the very, the same,the last修饰时。
This is the very bk that belngs t him.
5.当先行词是wh, which, what或主句是以这些词开头时。
Wh is the girl that drve the car?
【二】下面情况不用that：
1. 介词后面：
This is the bk abut which we are talking nw.
2. 非限定定语从句中：
Ftball, which is a very interesting game, is played all ver the wrld.
3. 先行词是thse，he， anyne时。
Thse wh were trapped were rescued.
【三】
当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词决定。
1.Thse wh are against the plan put up yur hands. (be)
2.The man wh lives next t urs sells vegetables. (live)
3.Tm is ne f the students wh are praised by the teacher yesterday. (be)
4.Tm is the nly ne f the students wh is praised by the teacher yesterday. (be)
关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可省略，作主语则不可。
1. Did yu read the bk ________ I lend t yu ?
A. whse B. / C. wh D. what
2. Did yu read the bk _______was ppular at the mment.
that B. / C. wh D. what
参考答案：B A
五、确定关系代词的步骤
1. 先找先行词，
2. 看先行词指的是人还是物。
3. 看关系词在从句中充当的成分。
练习一：
将两个句子合并成定语从句 （提示：1.找先行词 2.换关系词 3.抄其余部分）
I’m reading an article. The article is abut Tm.
She is a teacher. The teacher teaches us English.
Where is the cat? Yu bught it last week.
4.This is a dream. This dream will never cme true.
5. The dg has been fund. The dg was lst.
6.He is a gd student. Teachers are prud f him.
参考答案：
I’m reading an article that/which is abut Tm.
She is a teacher that/wh teaches us English.
Where is the cat which/that yu bught last week?
This is a dream that/which will never cme true.
The dg that/which was lst has been fund.
He is a gd student that/wh/whm teachers are prud f.
练习二：
1.All _____ we need is t be supplied with fd and clthing.
A. what B. that C. which D. whm
2.The man_______talked t yu just nw is an engineer.
A. wh B. whse C. which D. what
3. Can yu tell me the name f the factry_____ yu visited last week?
A. what B. in where C. / D. when
4. I dn’t like the way____ yu speak t her.
A. that B. in that C. wh D. whse
5. The mst imprtant thing____ we shuld pay attentin t is the first thing ______ I have said.
A. which; that
B. that; which
C. which; which
D. that; that
6. She spent the whle evening talking abut the things and persns____ nne f us has heard f.
A. which B. wh
C. whm D. that
7. Wh is the persn________ is talking abut the accident ______ happened n Highway 104?
A. which; which B. wh; what
C. that; that D. what; what
参考答案：B A C A D D C
练习三：
用wh/whm/which/that填空
The by 1 is standing under the tree is my friend Tm. He lives in a huse 2 stands n a hill. That little girl 3 Tm ften helps is his sister Mary. The bird 4 is singing in the cage is Tm’s t. Bb is his dg 5 Tm and Mary ften play with. The dg is great. Yesterday he caught a thief 6 was running away.
参考答案：
1.wh/that 2.which/that 3.wh/whm/that 4.which/that 5.which/that 6.wh/that

指人
指物
在定语从句中的成分
wh
√
主语
宾语(可省略）
whm
√
宾语(可省略)
which
√
主语
宾语(可省略）
that
√
√
主语
宾语(可省略）
whse
√
√
定语