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(通用版)高考英语二轮复习语法专题突破专题七 定语从句 (含答案)课件
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这是一份(通用版)高考英语二轮复习语法专题突破专题七 定语从句 (含答案)课件，共37页。PPT课件主要包含了-2-，高考感悟，考点归纳，-3-，-4-，-5-，-6-，-7-，-8-，-9-等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Ⅰ.单句填空1.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)Tw f the authrs f the review als made a study published in 2014 that/which shwed a mere five t 10 minutes a day f running reduced the risk f heart (2018·北京卷)She and her family bicycle t wrk,which helps them keep fit.3.(2018·浙江卷)Many westerners wh/that cme t China ck much less than in their wn cuntries.4.(2018·天津卷)Kate, whse sister I shared a rm with when we were at cllege,has gne t wrk in Australia. 5.(2017·全国Ⅰ卷)Like anything,it is pssible t have t much f bth,which is nt gd fr the health.
6.(2017·全国Ⅲ卷)But Sarah,wh has taken part in shws alng with tp mdels,wants t prve that she has brains as well as beauty.7.(2017·江苏卷)In 1963 the UN set up the Wrld Fd Prgramme,ne f whse purpses is t relieve wrldwide starvatin.8.(2017·北京卷)The little prblems that we meet in ur daily lives may be inspiratins fr great inventins.9.(2017·天津卷)My eldest sn,whse wrk takes him all ver the wrld,is in New Yrk at the mment.
Ⅱ.单句改错1.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)They als had a small pnd,which they raised fish.在which前加in或which→where2.(2017·全国Ⅱ卷)In their spare time,they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden,that is n the rftp f their huse.that→which3.(2017·全国Ⅲ卷)Arund me in the picture are the things they were very imprtant in my life at that time:car magazines and musical instruments.they→that或which
考点一 关系代词与关系副词的区别关系代词有wh,whm,which,that和whse,另外,as也可充当关系代词。关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。关系副词有when,where和why,在定语从句中充当状语。1.wh指人,在定语从句中做主语或宾语。Happiness and success ften cme t thse wh are gd at recgnizing their wn strengths.幸福和成功经常属于那些善于认识自己长处的人。2.whm指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。D yu knw the by (whm) we met at the gate?你认识我们在门口碰到的那个男孩吗?
3.which 指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。The exact year (which/that) Angela and her family spent tgether in China was 2008.安杰拉和她的家人在中国共同度过的确切年份是2008年。4.that 指人时,相当于wh 或whm;指物时,相当于which。在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。She is the pp star (that) I want t see very much.她就是那位我非常想见的明星。Amng the many dangers (which/that) sailrs have t face,prbably the greatest f all is fg.在海员们要面对的许多危险中,最严重的可能就是雾。
5.whse可指人或物,修饰名词或代词,在定语从句中充当定语。“whse+名词”可改为“the+名词+f which/whm”或“f which/whm the+名词”。The bks n the desk,whse cvers are shiny,are prizes fr us.桌子上的这些书是给我们的奖品,它们的封面很亮。A cmpany whse prfits frm hme markets are declining may seek pprtunities abrad.国内市场利润下降的公司会寻求到国外发展的机会。The huse whse windws are very large is my uncle’s.=The huse f which the windws are very large is my uncle’s.那个窗子非常大的房子是我叔叔的。
6.as可指人也可指物,在定语从句中做主语、宾语或表语。(1)引导限制性定语从句,先行词前常有as,the same,s,such修饰,且在从句中做主语、宾语或表语时,关系代词要用as。It was s difficult a prblem as nbdy in my class culd wrk ut.(as做wrk ut的宾语)这个问题很难以至于我们班里没有人能解出来。注意结构中,that引导结果状语从句,只起连接作用,不充当从句的任何成分。It was s difficult a prblem that nbdy in my class culd wrk it ut.(wrk ut 已经有宾语,that只起连接作用)
(2)as可以引导非限制性定语从句,代指整个主句的内容,从句中常用的谓语动词为see,say,hear,expect,knw,reprt等,常译为“正如,正像”,其引导的从句可以放在主句前面也可以放在主句后面。The number f smkers,as is reprted,has drpped by 17 percent in just ne year.正如所报道的,吸烟者的数量在仅仅一年中下降了百分之十七。
7.when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语。其先行词是表示时间的名词time,day,week,year,mnth等,常用n which,in which,at which,during which等代替。As the smallest child f his family,Alex is always lnging fr the time when he shuld be able t be independent.作为家中最小的孩子,亚历克斯总是渴望自己能够独立的日子。I am lking frward t the day when/n which my daughter can read this bk and knw my feelings fr her.我一直期盼那一天,我的女儿能够读懂这本书并且知道我对她的情感。
8.where 指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词,可以用“介词+关系代词”代替。The huse where/in which he lives is near the river.注意高考对where的考查趋于复杂,先行词由“明显的地点”转为“模糊的地点”,或者说“抽象的地点”。这些名词有:stage,case,psitin,situatin,pint,ccasin,activity等。Students shuld invlve themselves in cmmunity activities where/in which they can gain experience fr grwth.学生应该参与社区活动,在这些活动中他们能获取成长的经验。
9.why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语,可用fr which来替代。why不可引导非限制性定语从句。Tell me the reasn why/fr which yu came late.告诉我你来晚了的原因。注意用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。
考点二 必须用关系代词that的情况1.当先行词是everything,anything,nthing,smething,all,nne,few,little,sme等不定代词时,或当先行词被every,any,all,sme,n,little,few,much等不定代词修饰时。We shuld d all that is useful t the peple.我们应该做一切有益于人民的事情。2.先行词被the nly,the very,the same,the last等修饰时。This is the last place that I want t visit.这是我最不想参观的地方。3.先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。This is the best nvel that I have ever read.这是我曾经读过的最好的小说。
4.先行词是数词或被序数词修饰时。This is the third dictinary that I have used.这是我用过的第三本词典。5.当先行词同时含有表示人和物的名词时。We talked abut the things and persns that we were interested in.我们谈论了我们感兴趣的人和事。
6.以wh或which开头的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句,为避免重复时。Wh is the man that is standing under the tree?站在树下的那个男子是谁?注意Qingda is the mst beautiful city where I have ever wrked.(即使有最高级修饰先行词city,但从句中wrk为不及物动词,先行词只做其地点状语,故要用关系副词)前面所述几种情况已有前提:需要用关系代词时,遇到这几种情况才选用that。
考点三 不能用关系代词that的情况1.在“介词+关系代词”的结构中,关系代词只能用指物的which和指人的whm。This is the train by which we went t Beijing.这是我们去北京乘坐的火车。2.在非限制性定语从句(即通常用逗号与主句隔开,若去掉整个句子仍能表达完整意义的定语从句)中。I brrwed the bk Sherlck Hlmes frm the library last week,which my classmates recmmended t me.上周我在图书馆里借了《夏洛克·福尔摩斯》这本书,书是我的同学向我推荐的。
3.指人时,当先行词为everybdy,anybdy,everyne,anyne等时,关系代词要用wh,不用that。Is there anyne wh can answer this questin?有人能回答这个问题吗?4.先行词本身是指示代词that或thse时,关系代词应用which。What’s that which she is lking at?她正在看什么?
考点四 as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别1.位置不同。which 引导的定语从句只置于所限制的句子后;as引导的定语从句位置较灵活,也就是说as从句可置于所限制的句子前、插在句子中或放在句子后。It is a truly delightful place,which lks the same as it must have dne 100 years ag with its winding streets and pretty cttages.它确实是一个宜人的地方。与一百年前的样子一样,有着弯弯曲曲的小径和漂亮的村舍。Mike,as yu knw,is an hnest man./Mike is an hnest man,as yu knw./As yu knw,Mike is an hnest man.如你所知,迈克是个诚实的人。
2.先行词不同。as引导非限制性定语从句时,其先行词多为一个句子;which引导非限制性定语从句时,其先行词可以是一个词、一个短语或一个句子。As we all knw,he is very prud.(先行词为一个句子)众所周知,他很骄傲。He was prud,which his brther never was.(先行词是一个词)他是自大的,而他弟弟从不自大。3.意义不同。as一般译为“正如,就像”;which一般译为“这一点,这件事”。Jhn,as yu knw,is my best friend.正如你所知,约翰是我最好的朋友。He has been t Paris mre than ten times,which I dn’t believe.他已去过巴黎十多次了,这一点我不相信。
4.关系不同。当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时,关系词往往只用which。Tm was late fr schl,which made his teacher very angry.汤姆上学迟到了,这使他老师很生气。注意as多用于下列习惯用语中:(1)as anybdy can see正如大家能看到的那样(2)as we had expected正如我们所预料的那样(3)as ften happens正如经常发生的那样(4)as has been said befre如之前所述(5)as is mentined abve正如上面所提到的
考点五 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句1.在“介词+关系代词”结构中,关系代词指人时用whm,不可用wh或者that;指物时用which,不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whse。The persn t whm yu’ll write is Mr.Ball.你要给他写信的人是鲍尔先生。The ld man was talking with Mr.Smith,in whse hspital I was perated n.那位老人正在和史密斯先生谈话,我是在他的医院做的手术。
2.“介词+关系代词”前可有sme,any,nne,bth,all,neither,mst,each,few等代词及名词、数词。He has tw sns,bth f whm were killed in the war.他有两个儿子,他们两个都在战争中死了。I live in a huse,the windw f which faces the suth.我住在一个房子里,房子的窗户朝南。
3.“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选择可根据定语从句中谓语动词和介词的习惯搭配、先行词和介词的习惯搭配来确定,有时也需要结合句意。In the street there wasn’t any persn t whm she culd turn fr help.在街上没有她能够求助的人。The bss in whse cmpany my father wrks is a very kind persn.我爸爸工作的那家公司的老板是一位很善良的人。
4.“复合介词短语+关系代词which”引导的定语从句中,定语从句常和先行词用逗号分开,定语从句常用倒装语序。He lives in a big huse,in frnt f which stands a tall apple tree.他住在一所大房子里,房子的前面有一棵高高的苹果树。注意在一些固定搭配的动词短语中,由于动词和介词不能分割,因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。This is the bk (which/that) I’m lking fr.不可以说:This is the bk fr which I’m where 虽为“介词+关系副词”结构,但也可引导定语从句,where往往指代前面表示具体位置的介词短语。He std n tp f the hill,frm where he culd see the whle village.(where指代n tp f the hill,指的是“从山顶那个地方看”,而不是指“山”)
考点六 定语从句与其他句型的区别1.定语从句与同位语从句的区别。二者都跟在名词后面,区别是:定语从句修饰先行词,是对其进行修饰限定;同位语从句则是对前面名词的解释说明,是其内容。同位语从句前的名词常为抽象名词,如:idea,fact,truth,evidence,news,thught。同位语从句主要由that引导,在从句中不做成分,有时也可以由when,where,hw,why,whether,what等词引导,在从句中充当成分。The news that ur team wn made us excited.(ur team wn是news的内容,that不充当从句的成分,为同位语从句。可理解为:The news was that ur team wn.)The news that he tld me was exciting.(he tld me 缺少一个直接宾语,由that充当,故为定语从句。不能将其理解为:The news was that he tld me.)
2.定语从句与并列句和简单句的区别。区别的关键是看标点和连接词。Our class has sixty students,mst f whm study hard.(逗号后为另一个句子,两个句子之间要用连接代词whm,为定语从句)Our class has sixty students,and mst f them study hard.(逗号后为另一个句子,且已经有并列连词and,故用them即可,为并列句)Our class has sixty students.Mst f them study hard.(两句之间为句号,代表两个独立的简单句,故不需要连接词)
3.定语从句与状语从句的区别。定语从句前面必有先行词,而状语从句(如时间状语从句和地点状语从句)则是做整个句子的状语,前面没有先行词。D yu knw the time when he will cme back?(定语从句,前面有先行词time)I will g shpping when he cmes back.(时间状语从句,表示主句动作发生的时间,前面没有先行词)Put the bk where it belngs.(地点状语从句,指的是“放书”的地点,前面无先行词,因此不能用t which)Put the bk in the place where it belngs.(定语从句,前面有先行词place)
4.定语从句与强调句的区别。当it is/was后出现表示地点或时间的名词时,其后所接的从句是定语从句还是强调句,要看将it is/was和that(可以先假设)去掉之后句式是否完整(不缺少成分),若句式完整则为强调句。It was Sunday when he came back.(定语从句)It was n Sunday that he came back.(强调句式,强调的是时间状语n Sunday,去掉It was和that后句式完整)
考点七 几种特殊情况1.当先行词为way,意为“方法、方式”,且在定语从句中做主语、宾语时,可用关系代词which或that;做状语时,要用in which 或that或不填任何关系词。The way (that/in which) he finished the task successfully was difficult t understand.(做状语)The way (that/which) he explained t me was nt difficult t understand.(做宾语)2.当先行词为time时,若表示“一段时间”,后面定语从句用when引导,也可用at/during which;若表示“次数”,后面定语从句用that引导,that可以省略。There was a time when we had n TV sets.This is the secnd time (that) the president has visited ur cuntry.
Ⅰ.单句填空1.She brught with her three friends,nne f whm I had ever met was n the farm where we wrked that I gt t knw her.3.A persn whse e-mail accunt is full wn’t be able t send r receive any e-,we’ll discuss a number f cases where beginners f English fail t use the language grwing speed f a plant is influenced by a number f factrs,mst f which are beynd ur successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters mre than hearing.
7.Eric received training in cmputer fr ne year,after which he fund a jb in a big cmpany.8.I have reached a pint in my life where I am suppsed t make decisins f my are quite rare when I have the time t spend a day with my in this chapter cases will be intrduced t readers where cnsumer cmplaints have resulted in changes in the shuldn’t spent ur mney testing s many peple,mst f whm are ’s helpful t put children in a situatin where they can see themselves differently.
13.It is reprted that tw schls,bth f which are being built in my hmetwn,will pen next is Tm’s birthday.Have yu gt any idea where the party is t be held?15.Last week,nly tw peple came t lk at the huse,neither f whm wanted t buy it.16.A gd friend f mine frm when I was brn shwed up at my hme right befre I left fr Beijing.17.I was brn in New Orleans,Luisiana,a city whse name will create a picture f beautiful trees and green grass in ur graduatin she reached a pint in her career where she needed t decide what t d.
19.Life is like a lng race where we cmpete with thers t g beynd children,whse parents are away wrking in big cities,are taken gd care f in the village.
Ⅱ.单句改错1.This is the lngest train which I have ever seen.which→that2.Which we all knw,swimming is a very gd sprt.Which→As3.The radi set which I bught it last week has gne wrng.去掉it4.The day will cme which the peple all ver the wrld will win liberatin.which→when5.He is a man f great experience,frm wh much can be learned.wh→whm
6.Chapin,fr wh mney was nw n prblem,started a new film cmpany with his friends.wh→whm7.It was a meeting that imprtance I didn’t realize at that time.第一个that→whse8.They have decided t stay at hme,that is,I think,a wise chice.that→which9.I’ll tell yu all what he tld me last week.what→that10.His parents wuldn’t let him marry anyne whm family was pr.whm→whse
Ⅲ.短文改错Nwadays Senir 3 students are general faced with a lt f pressure,which is rather cmmn.T reduce it,the fllwed suggestins may help.First f all,knw exactly what lead t yur pressure,and then yu can take measures t deal with it.Secndly,set up a gal what is nt t high;in anther wrds,dn’t put t much pressure n yurself.Thirdly,find a way t relax yu ccasinally.Fr example,yu can listen t music,g swim r just simply g walking.Eventually,make friend with thers,fr example,yur classmates,yur teachers,yur parents.They will understand yu and cme t yur help when yu are really in the truble.In a wrd,never get yurself stuck in the pressure fr “impssible is nthing”.
Ⅰ.单句填空1.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)Tw f the authrs f the review als made a study published in 2014 that/which shwed a mere five t 10 minutes a day f running reduced the risk f heart (2018·北京卷)She and her family bicycle t wrk,which helps them keep fit.3.(2018·浙江卷)Many westerners wh/that cme t China ck much less than in their wn cuntries.4.(2018·天津卷)Kate, whse sister I shared a rm with when we were at cllege,has gne t wrk in Australia. 5.(2017·全国Ⅰ卷)Like anything,it is pssible t have t much f bth,which is nt gd fr the health.
6.(2017·全国Ⅲ卷)But Sarah,wh has taken part in shws alng with tp mdels,wants t prve that she has brains as well as beauty.7.(2017·江苏卷)In 1963 the UN set up the Wrld Fd Prgramme,ne f whse purpses is t relieve wrldwide starvatin.8.(2017·北京卷)The little prblems that we meet in ur daily lives may be inspiratins fr great inventins.9.(2017·天津卷)My eldest sn,whse wrk takes him all ver the wrld,is in New Yrk at the mment.
Ⅱ.单句改错1.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)They als had a small pnd,which they raised fish.在which前加in或which→where2.(2017·全国Ⅱ卷)In their spare time,they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden,that is n the rftp f their huse.that→which3.(2017·全国Ⅲ卷)Arund me in the picture are the things they were very imprtant in my life at that time:car magazines and musical instruments.they→that或which
考点一 关系代词与关系副词的区别关系代词有wh,whm,which,that和whse,另外,as也可充当关系代词。关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。关系副词有when,where和why,在定语从句中充当状语。1.wh指人,在定语从句中做主语或宾语。Happiness and success ften cme t thse wh are gd at recgnizing their wn strengths.幸福和成功经常属于那些善于认识自己长处的人。2.whm指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。D yu knw the by (whm) we met at the gate?你认识我们在门口碰到的那个男孩吗?
3.which 指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。The exact year (which/that) Angela and her family spent tgether in China was 2008.安杰拉和她的家人在中国共同度过的确切年份是2008年。4.that 指人时,相当于wh 或whm;指物时,相当于which。在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。She is the pp star (that) I want t see very much.她就是那位我非常想见的明星。Amng the many dangers (which/that) sailrs have t face,prbably the greatest f all is fg.在海员们要面对的许多危险中,最严重的可能就是雾。
5.whse可指人或物,修饰名词或代词,在定语从句中充当定语。“whse+名词”可改为“the+名词+f which/whm”或“f which/whm the+名词”。The bks n the desk,whse cvers are shiny,are prizes fr us.桌子上的这些书是给我们的奖品,它们的封面很亮。A cmpany whse prfits frm hme markets are declining may seek pprtunities abrad.国内市场利润下降的公司会寻求到国外发展的机会。The huse whse windws are very large is my uncle’s.=The huse f which the windws are very large is my uncle’s.那个窗子非常大的房子是我叔叔的。
6.as可指人也可指物,在定语从句中做主语、宾语或表语。(1)引导限制性定语从句,先行词前常有as,the same,s,such修饰,且在从句中做主语、宾语或表语时,关系代词要用as。It was s difficult a prblem as nbdy in my class culd wrk ut.(as做wrk ut的宾语)这个问题很难以至于我们班里没有人能解出来。注意结构中,that引导结果状语从句,只起连接作用,不充当从句的任何成分。It was s difficult a prblem that nbdy in my class culd wrk it ut.(wrk ut 已经有宾语,that只起连接作用)
(2)as可以引导非限制性定语从句,代指整个主句的内容,从句中常用的谓语动词为see,say,hear,expect,knw,reprt等,常译为“正如,正像”,其引导的从句可以放在主句前面也可以放在主句后面。The number f smkers,as is reprted,has drpped by 17 percent in just ne year.正如所报道的,吸烟者的数量在仅仅一年中下降了百分之十七。
7.when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语。其先行词是表示时间的名词time,day,week,year,mnth等,常用n which,in which,at which,during which等代替。As the smallest child f his family,Alex is always lnging fr the time when he shuld be able t be independent.作为家中最小的孩子,亚历克斯总是渴望自己能够独立的日子。I am lking frward t the day when/n which my daughter can read this bk and knw my feelings fr her.我一直期盼那一天,我的女儿能够读懂这本书并且知道我对她的情感。
8.where 指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词,可以用“介词+关系代词”代替。The huse where/in which he lives is near the river.注意高考对where的考查趋于复杂,先行词由“明显的地点”转为“模糊的地点”,或者说“抽象的地点”。这些名词有:stage,case,psitin,situatin,pint,ccasin,activity等。Students shuld invlve themselves in cmmunity activities where/in which they can gain experience fr grwth.学生应该参与社区活动,在这些活动中他们能获取成长的经验。
9.why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语,可用fr which来替代。why不可引导非限制性定语从句。Tell me the reasn why/fr which yu came late.告诉我你来晚了的原因。注意用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。
考点二 必须用关系代词that的情况1.当先行词是everything,anything,nthing,smething,all,nne,few,little,sme等不定代词时,或当先行词被every,any,all,sme,n,little,few,much等不定代词修饰时。We shuld d all that is useful t the peple.我们应该做一切有益于人民的事情。2.先行词被the nly,the very,the same,the last等修饰时。This is the last place that I want t visit.这是我最不想参观的地方。3.先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。This is the best nvel that I have ever read.这是我曾经读过的最好的小说。
4.先行词是数词或被序数词修饰时。This is the third dictinary that I have used.这是我用过的第三本词典。5.当先行词同时含有表示人和物的名词时。We talked abut the things and persns that we were interested in.我们谈论了我们感兴趣的人和事。
6.以wh或which开头的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句,为避免重复时。Wh is the man that is standing under the tree?站在树下的那个男子是谁?注意Qingda is the mst beautiful city where I have ever wrked.(即使有最高级修饰先行词city,但从句中wrk为不及物动词,先行词只做其地点状语,故要用关系副词)前面所述几种情况已有前提:需要用关系代词时,遇到这几种情况才选用that。
考点三 不能用关系代词that的情况1.在“介词+关系代词”的结构中,关系代词只能用指物的which和指人的whm。This is the train by which we went t Beijing.这是我们去北京乘坐的火车。2.在非限制性定语从句(即通常用逗号与主句隔开,若去掉整个句子仍能表达完整意义的定语从句)中。I brrwed the bk Sherlck Hlmes frm the library last week,which my classmates recmmended t me.上周我在图书馆里借了《夏洛克·福尔摩斯》这本书,书是我的同学向我推荐的。
3.指人时,当先行词为everybdy,anybdy,everyne,anyne等时,关系代词要用wh,不用that。Is there anyne wh can answer this questin?有人能回答这个问题吗?4.先行词本身是指示代词that或thse时,关系代词应用which。What’s that which she is lking at?她正在看什么?
考点四 as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别1.位置不同。which 引导的定语从句只置于所限制的句子后;as引导的定语从句位置较灵活,也就是说as从句可置于所限制的句子前、插在句子中或放在句子后。It is a truly delightful place,which lks the same as it must have dne 100 years ag with its winding streets and pretty cttages.它确实是一个宜人的地方。与一百年前的样子一样,有着弯弯曲曲的小径和漂亮的村舍。Mike,as yu knw,is an hnest man./Mike is an hnest man,as yu knw./As yu knw,Mike is an hnest man.如你所知,迈克是个诚实的人。
2.先行词不同。as引导非限制性定语从句时,其先行词多为一个句子;which引导非限制性定语从句时,其先行词可以是一个词、一个短语或一个句子。As we all knw,he is very prud.(先行词为一个句子)众所周知,他很骄傲。He was prud,which his brther never was.(先行词是一个词)他是自大的,而他弟弟从不自大。3.意义不同。as一般译为“正如,就像”;which一般译为“这一点,这件事”。Jhn,as yu knw,is my best friend.正如你所知,约翰是我最好的朋友。He has been t Paris mre than ten times,which I dn’t believe.他已去过巴黎十多次了,这一点我不相信。
4.关系不同。当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时,关系词往往只用which。Tm was late fr schl,which made his teacher very angry.汤姆上学迟到了,这使他老师很生气。注意as多用于下列习惯用语中:(1)as anybdy can see正如大家能看到的那样(2)as we had expected正如我们所预料的那样(3)as ften happens正如经常发生的那样(4)as has been said befre如之前所述(5)as is mentined abve正如上面所提到的
考点五 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句1.在“介词+关系代词”结构中,关系代词指人时用whm,不可用wh或者that;指物时用which,不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whse。The persn t whm yu’ll write is Mr.Ball.你要给他写信的人是鲍尔先生。The ld man was talking with Mr.Smith,in whse hspital I was perated n.那位老人正在和史密斯先生谈话,我是在他的医院做的手术。
2.“介词+关系代词”前可有sme,any,nne,bth,all,neither,mst,each,few等代词及名词、数词。He has tw sns,bth f whm were killed in the war.他有两个儿子,他们两个都在战争中死了。I live in a huse,the windw f which faces the suth.我住在一个房子里,房子的窗户朝南。
3.“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选择可根据定语从句中谓语动词和介词的习惯搭配、先行词和介词的习惯搭配来确定,有时也需要结合句意。In the street there wasn’t any persn t whm she culd turn fr help.在街上没有她能够求助的人。The bss in whse cmpany my father wrks is a very kind persn.我爸爸工作的那家公司的老板是一位很善良的人。
4.“复合介词短语+关系代词which”引导的定语从句中,定语从句常和先行词用逗号分开,定语从句常用倒装语序。He lives in a big huse,in frnt f which stands a tall apple tree.他住在一所大房子里,房子的前面有一棵高高的苹果树。注意在一些固定搭配的动词短语中,由于动词和介词不能分割,因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。This is the bk (which/that) I’m lking fr.不可以说:This is the bk fr which I’m where 虽为“介词+关系副词”结构,但也可引导定语从句,where往往指代前面表示具体位置的介词短语。He std n tp f the hill,frm where he culd see the whle village.(where指代n tp f the hill,指的是“从山顶那个地方看”,而不是指“山”)
考点六 定语从句与其他句型的区别1.定语从句与同位语从句的区别。二者都跟在名词后面,区别是:定语从句修饰先行词,是对其进行修饰限定;同位语从句则是对前面名词的解释说明,是其内容。同位语从句前的名词常为抽象名词,如:idea,fact,truth,evidence,news,thught。同位语从句主要由that引导,在从句中不做成分,有时也可以由when,where,hw,why,whether,what等词引导,在从句中充当成分。The news that ur team wn made us excited.(ur team wn是news的内容,that不充当从句的成分,为同位语从句。可理解为:The news was that ur team wn.)The news that he tld me was exciting.(he tld me 缺少一个直接宾语,由that充当,故为定语从句。不能将其理解为:The news was that he tld me.)
2.定语从句与并列句和简单句的区别。区别的关键是看标点和连接词。Our class has sixty students,mst f whm study hard.(逗号后为另一个句子,两个句子之间要用连接代词whm,为定语从句)Our class has sixty students,and mst f them study hard.(逗号后为另一个句子,且已经有并列连词and,故用them即可,为并列句)Our class has sixty students.Mst f them study hard.(两句之间为句号,代表两个独立的简单句,故不需要连接词)
3.定语从句与状语从句的区别。定语从句前面必有先行词,而状语从句(如时间状语从句和地点状语从句)则是做整个句子的状语,前面没有先行词。D yu knw the time when he will cme back?(定语从句,前面有先行词time)I will g shpping when he cmes back.(时间状语从句,表示主句动作发生的时间,前面没有先行词)Put the bk where it belngs.(地点状语从句,指的是“放书”的地点,前面无先行词,因此不能用t which)Put the bk in the place where it belngs.(定语从句,前面有先行词place)
4.定语从句与强调句的区别。当it is/was后出现表示地点或时间的名词时,其后所接的从句是定语从句还是强调句,要看将it is/was和that(可以先假设)去掉之后句式是否完整(不缺少成分),若句式完整则为强调句。It was Sunday when he came back.(定语从句)It was n Sunday that he came back.(强调句式,强调的是时间状语n Sunday,去掉It was和that后句式完整)
考点七 几种特殊情况1.当先行词为way,意为“方法、方式”,且在定语从句中做主语、宾语时,可用关系代词which或that;做状语时,要用in which 或that或不填任何关系词。The way (that/in which) he finished the task successfully was difficult t understand.(做状语)The way (that/which) he explained t me was nt difficult t understand.(做宾语)2.当先行词为time时,若表示“一段时间”,后面定语从句用when引导,也可用at/during which;若表示“次数”,后面定语从句用that引导,that可以省略。There was a time when we had n TV sets.This is the secnd time (that) the president has visited ur cuntry.
Ⅰ.单句填空1.She brught with her three friends,nne f whm I had ever met was n the farm where we wrked that I gt t knw her.3.A persn whse e-mail accunt is full wn’t be able t send r receive any e-,we’ll discuss a number f cases where beginners f English fail t use the language grwing speed f a plant is influenced by a number f factrs,mst f which are beynd ur successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters mre than hearing.
7.Eric received training in cmputer fr ne year,after which he fund a jb in a big cmpany.8.I have reached a pint in my life where I am suppsed t make decisins f my are quite rare when I have the time t spend a day with my in this chapter cases will be intrduced t readers where cnsumer cmplaints have resulted in changes in the shuldn’t spent ur mney testing s many peple,mst f whm are ’s helpful t put children in a situatin where they can see themselves differently.
13.It is reprted that tw schls,bth f which are being built in my hmetwn,will pen next is Tm’s birthday.Have yu gt any idea where the party is t be held?15.Last week,nly tw peple came t lk at the huse,neither f whm wanted t buy it.16.A gd friend f mine frm when I was brn shwed up at my hme right befre I left fr Beijing.17.I was brn in New Orleans,Luisiana,a city whse name will create a picture f beautiful trees and green grass in ur graduatin she reached a pint in her career where she needed t decide what t d.
19.Life is like a lng race where we cmpete with thers t g beynd children,whse parents are away wrking in big cities,are taken gd care f in the village.
Ⅱ.单句改错1.This is the lngest train which I have ever seen.which→that2.Which we all knw,swimming is a very gd sprt.Which→As3.The radi set which I bught it last week has gne wrng.去掉it4.The day will cme which the peple all ver the wrld will win liberatin.which→when5.He is a man f great experience,frm wh much can be learned.wh→whm
6.Chapin,fr wh mney was nw n prblem,started a new film cmpany with his friends.wh→whm7.It was a meeting that imprtance I didn’t realize at that time.第一个that→whse8.They have decided t stay at hme,that is,I think,a wise chice.that→which9.I’ll tell yu all what he tld me last week.what→that10.His parents wuldn’t let him marry anyne whm family was pr.whm→whse
Ⅲ.短文改错Nwadays Senir 3 students are general faced with a lt f pressure,which is rather cmmn.T reduce it,the fllwed suggestins may help.First f all,knw exactly what lead t yur pressure,and then yu can take measures t deal with it.Secndly,set up a gal what is nt t high;in anther wrds,dn’t put t much pressure n yurself.Thirdly,find a way t relax yu ccasinally.Fr example,yu can listen t music,g swim r just simply g walking.Eventually,make friend with thers,fr example,yur classmates,yur teachers,yur parents.They will understand yu and cme t yur help when yu are really in the truble.In a wrd,never get yurself stuck in the pressure fr “impssible is nthing”.
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