2018届高考英语二轮复习系列之疯狂专练：二十一 模块5 Unit 1 Great Scientists Word版含解析

这是一份2018届高考英语二轮复习系列之疯狂专练：二十一 模块5 Unit 1 Great Scientists Word版含解析，共9页。试卷主要包含了【2017·北京卷】32，【2016·江苏】28，【2016·浙江】10， started 8，partly，have mved， whm， t avid等内容，欢迎下载使用。

Ⅰ.单项选择
1.【2017·北京卷】32. Jim has retired, but he still remember the happy time _______ with his students.
A. t spend B. spend C. spending D. spent
【答案】D
【解析】句意：Jim已经退休了，但是他依然记得和学生一起度过的快乐时光。句子已经有了谓语，空格只能填非谓语动词，逻辑主语是time，和spend 之间是被动关系，故用过去分词spent。
考点：考查非谓语动词。
2.【2016·江苏】28.In art criticism, yu must assume the artist has a secret message________within the wrk.
A.t hideB.hiddenC.hidingD.being hidden
【答案】B
【解析】考查分词做定语。本句中名词短语a secret message与动词hide构成被动关系，所以使用过去分词短语hidden within the wrk在句中做后置定语，修饰名词短语a secret message, 相当于定语从句that is hidden within the wrk。A C项表示主动含义，D项强调正在进行，与语境不符。故B正确。
3.【2016·浙江】10.T return t the prblem f water pllutin, I'd like yu t lk at a study _______ in Australia in 2012.
A. having cnducted B. t be cnducted C. cnducting D. cnducted
【答案】D
【解析】句意：为了回到水污染的问题，我想要你研究一下2012年澳大利亚进行的研究。使用非谓语动词作定语，study和cnduct是动宾关系，用过去分词作定语。B项也表示被动，但是不定式的被动，表示将要发生的事情。故选D。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
【2017·衡阳高三一模】There has been a cntrversy between animal rights supprters and scientists abut whether it is right t use animals t find cures fr human diseases in experimental research. Persnally, if there are n ther alternatives, and if it is pssible that this will cntribute t science, animals may be used fr experimental research.
The animal rights supprters label scientists as “cruel” fr causing animals t die in medical experiments, while they d nt ppse the peple, mstly farmers, wh kill animals fr fd. Sme even claim that peple and animals are equal and they shuld be treated equally. But can the death f an animal be the same thing as the death f a persn? I think causing animals t die fr science r fr saving human lives may be cnsidered ethical (伦理的), if it will cntribute t the advancement f science and human health in general.
Anther basic argument f animal rights supprters is that peple and animals are different genetically. They claim that it will make n gd t use animals in experiments because they are t different t be cmpared t peple. Sme f them even state that it is better t use peple directly as they think that the results f experiments n animals cannt be valid and reliable as lng as the same bservatin has nt been dne n man. Hwever, these peple cannt fresee the disastrus results f such a practice. Many peple are likely t die until a healthy result is btained. Peple and animals may nt be the same, but t sme degree, scientists are right t use animal mdels t d sme experiments that culd nt be achieved in human. There are als a lt f examples which shw that using animals resulted in significant develpments and helped t cure sme serius illnesses.
All in all, using animals fr medical research is ethical as lng as it cntributes t scientific develpment and human health. And this practice is nly acceptable n the cnditin that animals are treated humanely.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了动物权利支持者和科学家之间关于用动物进行医学试验研究以寻找治疗人类疾病的方法是否正确的争议。作者认为动物可以被用于医学研究并针对此论点进行了分析论证。
1．Animal rights supprters hld the pinin that ________.
A．farmers have the legal rights t kill animals
B．causing animals t die fr science is acceptable
C．scientists are t blame fr killing animals fr research
D．animals and peple are nt different genetically
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，动物权利支持者认为科学家应对科学研究致使动物死亡负责。故选C。
2．We can infer that the authr ________.
A．seems t be an animal rights supprter
B．des experimental research n animals
C．is cncerned abut the future f animals
D．agrees that animals can be used in medical research
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句及最后一段内容可推知，作者同意用动物进行医学研究。故选D。
3．Accrding t the text, it is a fact that ________.
A．it is always illegal t use animals fr experimental research
B．using animals fr medical experiments cntributes t curing sme serius illnesses
C．using peple mdels is against the law and regarded as cruel
D．it makes n difference whether t use animals r peple fr experimental research
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，B项所述是事实。故选B。
B
Peple have been wndering why elephants d nt develp cancer even thugh they have lifespans (寿命) that are similar t humans, living fr arund 50 t 70 years.
Nw scientists believe they knw why. A team at the University f Chicag, US has fund that elephants carry a large number f genes that stp tumrs (肿瘤) develping. T be precise, they fund 20 cpies f an anti­tumr gene called TP53 in elephants. Mst ther species, including humans, nly carry ne cpy.
Accrding t the research, the extra cpies f the gene imprved the animal's sensitivity t DNA damage, which lets the cells quickly kill themselves when damaged befre they can g n t frm deadly tumrs.
“An increased risk f develping cancer has std in the way f the evlutin f large bdy sizes in many animals，” the study authr Dr. Vincent Lynch tld The Guardian. If every living cell has the same chance f becming cancerus (癌变的), large creatures with a lng lifespan like whales and elephants shuld have a greater risk f develping cancer than humans and mice. But acrss species, the risk f cancer des nt shw a cnnectin with bdy mass.
This phenmenn was fund by Oxfrd University scientist Richard Pet in the 1970s and later named “Pet's paradx (悖论)”. Bilgists believe it results frm larger animals using prtectin that many smaller animals d nt. In the elephant's case, the making f TP53 is nature's way f keeping this species alive.
The study als fund that when the same genes were brught t life in mice, they had the same cancer resistance as elephants. This means researchers culd use the discvery t develp new treatments that can help stp cancer spreading r even develping in the first place.
“Nature has already figured ut hw t prevent cancer，” said Jshua Schiffman, a bilgist at the Schl f Medicine, University f Utah, US. “It's up t us t learn hw different animals deal with the prblem s that we can use thse strategies t prevent cancer in peple.”
语篇解读 ：科学家研究发现，大象不患癌症是因为它们的体内有很多阻止肿瘤生长的基因TP53，人类有望通过研究TP53来预防癌症。
4．Why are elephants unlikely t develp cancer?
A．They have a rather large bdy size.
B．Their genes suffer n DNA damage.
C．Certain genes in their bdy kill existing tumrs.
D．They carry many genes t prevent tumrs develping.
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句“A team at the University f Chicag, US has fund that elephants carry a large number f genes that stp tumrs (肿瘤) develping.”可知，因为大象体内有许多阻止肿瘤生长的基因，所以大象不患癌症，D项正确。
5．Accrding t the passage, what has been a risk in the evlutin f large animals?
A．Deadly tumrs.
B．The huge bdy mass.
C．Cells killing themselves.
D．Sensitivity t DNA damage.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段第一句中的“An increased risk f develping cancer has std in the way f the evlutin f large bdy sizes in many animals”可知，许多大型动物在进化过程中有患癌症的风险，故A项正确。
6．What des the underlined part “This phenmenn” in Paragraph 5 prbably refer t?
A．Larger animals have prtectin frm TP53.
B．The risk f cancer is nt related t bdy size.
C．Larger animals suffer the same risk f cancer as smaller nes.
D．The huger animals are, the bigger risk f cancer they will have.
【答案】B
【解析】指代判断题。根据第四段的最后一句“But acrss species, the risk f cancer des nt shw a cnnectin with bdy mass.”可知，This phenmenn 指代患癌症的风险和动物的大小无关，故B项正确。
7．What can be cncluded frm the passage?
A．Depending n nature is surely enugh t fight against cancer.
B．The TP53 genes have prved useful in stpping cancer in peple.
C．Humans are expected t prevent cancer with the making f TP53.
D．The extra cpies f elephants' genes are used t cure cancer patients.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章的最后一句“It's up t us t learn hw cancer in peple.”并结合上文陈述的在大象身上发现阻止肿瘤生长的基因TP53可以判断，人们有望通过制造TP53来预防癌症，故C项正确。
Ⅲ.阅读理解（七选五）
【2017·河北衡水中学一模】
Get a Thrugh Understanding f Oneself
In all ne's life time, it is neself that ne spends the mst time being with r dealing with.__1__
When yu are ging upwards in life yu tend t verestimate (高估) yurself. It seems that everything yu seek fr is within yur reach. __2__ It's likely that yu think it wise fr yurself t stay away frm the uter wrld. Actually, t get a thrugh understanding f neself, yu may as well keep the fllwing tips in mind.
Gain a crrect view f neself. Yu may lk frward hpefully t the future but be sure nt t expect t much, fr dreams can never be fully realized. Yu may be curageus t meet challenges but it shuld be clear t yu where t direct yur effrts. __3__
Selfappreciate. Whether yu cmpare yurself t a high muntain r a small stne, yu represent a state f nature. __4__ If yu earnestly (诚挚地) admire yurself yu'll have a real sense f selfappreciatin.
__5__ In time f anger, d yurself a favr by releasing (释放) it in a quiet place s that yu wn't be hurt by its flames; in time f sadness, d yurself a favr by sharing it with yur friends s as t change a bad md int a cheerful ne; in time f tiredness, d yurself a favr by getting a gd sleep.
Get a full cntrl f ne's life. Then ne will find ne's life full f clr and flavr.
A．It has its wn value.
B．D neself a favr when it's needed.
C．D yurself a favr when yu resist the attack f illness.
D．But it is precisely neself that ne has the least understanding f.
E．Especially if it is well within yur reach, yu are just t blind t see it.
F．When yu are ging dwnhill yu tend t underestimate yurself.
G．S lng as yu have a perfect knwledge f yurself, there wn't be difficulties yu can't vercme.
【答案】D F G A B
【解析】
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。作者向我们提出了彻底了解自己的几点建议：正确认识自己、欣赏自己、善待自己以及充分把握自己的生命。
1．选D 本文的标题是“全面了解自己”。上文提到人生在世，和我们相处最久、打交道最多的是我们自己；故D项“但是一个人往往最不了解的恰恰也是自己”与上文话题衔接紧密，也为本文的主旨埋下伏笔。故选D。
2．选F 上文提到“When yu are ging upwards in life yu tend t verestimate (高估) yurself.”；故F项“When yu are ging dwnhill ...”在此处与上文构成对比，符合语境。故选F。
3．选G 上文提到你可能会勇敢地迎接挑战，但是你必须清楚自己努力的方向；故G项“只要你对自己非常了解，你就没有克服不了的困难”与上文话题衔接紧密，且与本段主旨“正确了解自己”相吻合。故选G。
4．选A 上文提到无论你把自己比作一座高山还是一块石头，你都代表着自己的一种状态；而A项意为“它都有它自己存在的价值”，放在此处符合语境，与上文话题衔接紧密，且与该段小标题“自我欣赏”相照应。故选A。
5．选B 分析文章结构可知，空格处为该段小标题。根据下文三个排比句“In time f anger, d yurself a favr by time f tiredness, d yurself a favr ...”并通读该段内容可知，B项“必要时请善待自己”概括了该段大意，适合做该段标题。故选B。
Ⅳ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
【湖北省襄阳市第五中学2017届高三第一次适应性考试（5月）】Several cuntries in Asia celebrate the Lunar New Year in their wn way. But dragn and lin dances in Chinatwns all ver the wrld have helped t make China’s New Year the mst famus. These days grwing _______1_______ (number) f peple wh are nt f Chinese rigin are jining in. In Tky windw cleaners dress up _______2_______ the animals f the Chinese Shengxia. America, Canada and New Zealand have published memrial stamps fr the year f the chicken. Last year New Yrk City made the Lunar New Year ____3____ schl hliday fr the first time.
The spread f the Spring Festival is ______4______(part) due t recent immigratin frm China. 9.5 millin Chinese peple ______5______ (mve) abrad since 1978, many f ______6______ are far richer than earlier waves f immigrants.
Aware f China's grwing ecnmic and plitical influence, freign leaders have nticed the ccasin. Britain’s prime minister, Theresa May, has given a vide address, a traditin ____7____ (start)
in 2014 by her predecessr (前任) . This year’s Wrld Ecnmic Frum in Davs was held a week earlier than usual ______8______ (avid) cnflicting with China’s New Year.
It _____9_____(hpe) that the festival will prmte its cultural “sft pwer” abrad. S it may give the Chinese peple _______10_______ (satisfy) t see freigners enjy such festivities.
【答案】
1. numbers 2. as 3. a 4. partly 5. have mved 6. whm
7. started 8. t avid 9. is hped 10. satisfactin
【解析】文章讲述了中国传统的舞龙舞狮在国外的流行和发展的过程。
1. numbers
考查名词。此处修饰可数名词复数peple，且没有具体数字修饰，指许多人，用名词复数形式。故填numbers.
2. as
考查介词。dress up as“装扮成，打扮成”，as表示“当作”，故填as.
3.a
考查冠词。此处修饰单数可数名词hliday,指“一个学校节日”，表示数量一，故填a。
4.partly
考查副词。此处修饰副词due t用副词形式，指在一定程度上因为，故填partly。
5.have mved
考查时态语态。根据句中时间状语since 1978可知用现在完成时，故填have mved。
6. whm
考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，此处指代peple且用于介词f后作宾语用whm,
故填whm.
7. started
考查动词时态。根据时间状语in 2014，此处叙述过去发生的一件事，用过去时态。故填started.
8. t avid
考查不定式。此处是不定式作目的状语，指为了避免和中国的新年冲突。故填t avid.
9. is hped
考查时态语态。句中it和动词hpe是被动关系，It is hped that“人们希望，事情被希望”，故填is hped。
10. satisfactin
考查名词。此处作动词give的宾语用名词，指给人们满意。故填satisfactin.