高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle学案

UNIT 2 HEALTHY LIFESTYLE

Ⅰ.匹配词义

a．匹配下列单词词义

(　　)1.abuse　 　 　 A．vt.激发；促进；刺激

(　　)2.dominate B．n.解放；摆脱

(　　)3.reward   C．adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；

 动态的

(　　)4.negative D．vt.跳过；不参加；悄悄溜走

 vi.蹦蹦跳跳地走；跳绳

 n．蹦跳

(　　)5.discipline   E．vt.提高；增强；增进

(　　)6.liberation   F．n.&vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂

(　　)7.skip   G．vt.&vi.支配；控制；占有优势

(　　)8.stimulate   H．n.自制力；纪律；学科

 vt.自我控制；管教；处罚

(　　)9.dynamic   I．n.回报；奖励；报酬

 vt.奖励；奖赏；给予报酬

(　　)10.enhance   J．adj.消极的；有害的；否定的

[答案]　1—5　FGIJH　6—10　BDACE

b．匹配下列短语词义

(　　)1.shave off　 A．回答；答复

(　　)2.worn out B．依赖；依靠；信赖

(　　)3.stress out   C．立即；马上

(　　)4.be absorbed in D．决定；选定

(　　)5.straight away   E．下定决心

(　　)6.be composed of   F．由……组成(或构成)的

(　　)7.make up one's mind G．剃掉；刮去

(　　)8.rely on   H．焦虑不安；疲惫不堪

(　　)9.in response to   I．筋疲力尽的；疲惫的

(　　)10.decide on   J．全神贯注于；沉溺于

[答案]　1—5　GIHJC　6—10　FEBAD

Ⅱ.默写单词

1．tobacco n．　 烟草；烟叶

2．psychology n.   心理学；心理；心理影响

3．cue n.   提示；暗示；信号

vt.   给(某人)暗示(或提示)

4．facilitate vt.    促进；促使；使便利

5．surgeon n.   外科医生

6．drug n.   毒品；药物

7．dizzy adj.   头晕目眩的

8．sugary adj.   含糖的；甜的

9．comedy n.    喜剧；喜剧片；滑稽节目

10．refresh vt.    使恢复精力；使凉爽；刷新

Ⅰ.选词填空

dizzy；negative；refresh；enhance；abuse；dynamic；liberation；facilitate；discipline；skip

1．Many people died during famines every year before liberation．

2．The school has a reputation for high standards of discipline．

3．The whole experience was definitely more positive than negative．

4．The new trade agreement should facilitate more rapid economic growth.

5．She abused her position as principal by giving jobs to her friends.

6．They had stopped by a spring to refresh themselves.

7．They saw the man with a little girl skipping along behind him.

8．Her head still hurt，and she felt slightly dizzy．

9．He seemed a dynamic and energetic leader.

10．They'll be keen to enhance their reputation abroad.

Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词

1．Alcoholic(alcohol) drink can have a bad effect on your body.

2．The ordeal has affected both her mental and physical(physics) health.

3．She repeatedly(repeat) urged her son not to tell anyone about the secret.

4．On closer examination(examine) it was found that the signature was not genuine.

5．There is a mood of pessimism(pessimistic) in the company about future job prospects.

6．Beethoven's music inspired me to be a composer(compose)．

7．There are disturbing(disturb) reports of killings at the two centres.

8．I made an appointment to see a specialist(special)．

9．He was a consultant(consult) to the Swedish government.

10．Do you eat sweets，cakes or sugary(sugar) snacks?

1．These bad habits，if left unchecked，could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.

这些坏习惯如果不加以控制，成年后可能会导致更严重的坏习惯。

2．Soon that choice becomes automatic and forms a habit that is much harder to change.

很快，这种选择就会自动形成一种很难改变的习惯。

3．The good news is that we can change，if we understand how habits work.

好消息是，如果我们了解习惯是如何工作的，我们可以改变。

4．To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits，we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them.

想要促使不良习惯朝着积极的方向变化，我们首先必须审视、调整我们的习惯环。

5．Many of us try to change bad habits quickly，and if we are not successful straight away，we often become pessimistic and give up.

我们中的许多人试图迅速改变坏习惯，如果我们不能马上成功，我们往往会变得悲观而放弃。

名师圈点

①independent adj. 独立的；自主的

independence n．独立；自主

②make one's own decision做自己的决定

③unchecked adj.不加约束的；放任的

④lead to导致

⑤become involved in使卷入；使陷入

⑥tobacco n. 烟草；烟叶

⑦alcohol n. 酒；酒精

⑧abuse n．滥用；虐待；辱骂

vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂

⑨physical adj.身体的；客观存在的；物理学的

⑩dominate vt.&vi. 支配；控制；占有优势

⑪essential adj.必要的；必不可少的

⑫recognise vt.认出；辨认；承认

⑬appropriate adj.适当的；恰当的

⑭attempt n. 尝试；试图；企图

⑮ philosophy n．哲学

⑯ repeatedly adv. 重复地

⑰sum n．总和；金额

⑱automatic adj. 自动的

⑲form vt. 形式；组成

⑳ psychology n. 心理学；心理；心理影响

cue n. 提示；暗示；信号

vt. 给(某人)暗示(或提示)

signal n．信号

vt.发信号

routine n．常规；日常规范

in response to回答；答复

reward n．回报；奖励；报酬

vt. 奖励；奖赏；给予回报

snack n．零食

rely on 依赖；依靠；信赖

facilitate vt. 促进；促使；使便利

examine vt. (仔细)检查；审查；测验

adapt vt. 使适应

replace vt.代替；取代

replace...with...用……代替……

negative adj. 消极的；有害的；否定的

rather than而不是

aside from除……以外

escalator n．自动扶梯；滚梯

straight away 立即；立刻

pessimistic adj. 悲观的；悲观主义的

give up放弃

Lao Zi老子，姓李名耳，字聃，又字伯阳。春秋末期人，生卒年不详，大约出生于公元前571年春秋晚期陈(后入楚)国苦县(古县名)。中国古代思想家、哲学家、文学家和史学家，道家学派创始人和主要代表人物。

after all毕竟；终究；别忘了

delete vt.删除

原文呈现

HABITS FOR A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE

As teenagers grow up，they become more independent① and start making their own decisions②. However，during this period，it can be easy for some of them to form bad habits.These bad habits，if left unchecked③，could lead to④ more serious ones when they become adults.[1] For example，some of them may become involved in⑤ tobacco⑥ or alcohol⑦ abuse⑧，which can lead to physical⑨ and mental health problems.[2] To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating⑩ a teenager's life is essential⑪. They must learn to recognise⑫ bad habits early and make appropriate⑬ changes.

[1]if left unchecked是省略句，省略了they are。

[2]which引导非限定性定语从句，先行词是tobacco，alcohol abuse。

To change bad habits is never easy，even with many attempts⑭. There is a famous saying based on the philosophy⑮ of Aristotle: “We are what we repeatedly⑯ do.” In many ways，our lifestyle is the sum⑰ of choices we have made. We make a choice to do something，and then we repeat it over and over again.Soon that choice becomes automatic⑱ and forms⑲ a habit that is much harder to change. The good news is that we can change，if we understand how habits work.

According to modern psychology⑳，we must first learn about the “habit cycle”，which works like this：

·Firstly，there is a “cue”，an action，event，or situation that acts as a signal to do something.

·Secondly，there is a “routine”，the regular action you take in response to the cue.

·Thirdly，there is the “reward”，the good thing or feeling we get from the routine.

For example，when we feel unhappy(cue)，we eat lots of unhealthy snacks (routine)，which makes us feel happy (reward). The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle，and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed.

To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits，we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them. We can do this by combining the information from our habit cycles with our own positive ideas. For example，we could try to replace a negative routine with something more positive. So，when we feel unhappy again (cue)，rather than eat snacks，we could listen to some of our favourite music instead (routine)，which will make us feel relaxed (reward). Aside from changing bad habits，we can also use the habit cycle to create good habits. For example，when we come to an escalator (cue)，our normal routine is to ride it，but we could change this routine into something more positive by taking the stairs instead.

Many of us try to change bad habits quickly，and if we are not successful straight away，we often become pessimistic and give up. In fact，the most successful way to change is not suddenly，but over a period of time. As the Chinese philosopher Lao Zi wrote，“A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.” One step seems small，but it is essential.To reach the goal of change，a person must show some discipline and repeatedly take many small steps. After all，it is not easy to break bad habits.

For young people，there is plenty of time to change bad habits. However，there is no “magic pill” or delete button that will help you；you have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes. You have the power to build a happy and healthy life full of good habits！

译文参考

健康生活方式的习惯

随着青少年的成长，他们变得更加独立，开始自己做决定。然而，在这段时间里，他们中的一些人很容易养成坏习惯。这些坏习惯如果不加以控制，成年后可能会导致更严重的坏习惯。例如，有些青少年会沉溺于烟酒不能自拔，造成生理和心理健康问题。要防止像这样的不良习惯支配青少年的生活是必不可少的。他们必须学会认清坏习惯并做出适当的改变。

改掉坏习惯从来都不容易，即使尝试了很多次。有一条基于亚里士多德哲理思想的著名谚语说道：重复的行为造就了我们。在许多方面，我们的生活方式是我们所做选择的总和。我们决定做一些事情，然后我们不断地重复。很快，这种选择就会自动形成一种很难改变的习惯。好消息是，如果我们了解习惯是如何工作的，我们可以改变。

根据现代心理学，我们首先必须学习“习惯周期”，它的工作原理如下：

·首先，有一个“提示”，一个动作、事件或情况，作为做某事的信号。

·其次，有一个“常规”，即你根据提示采取的常规行动。

·第三，有“奖励”，即我们从日常生活中得到的好处或感觉。

例如，当我们感到不快乐时(暗示)，我们会吃很多不健康的零食(常规)，这会让我们感到快乐(奖励)。奖励让我们更有可能继续这个循环，依赖不健康零食的坏习惯也就形成了。

想要促使不良习惯朝着积极的方向变化，我们首先必须审视、调整我们的习惯环。我们可以通过将来自我们的习惯周期的信息与我们自己的积极想法结合起来来做到这一点。例如，我们可以尝试用一些更积极的东西来代替消极的东西。所以，当我们再次感到不开心时(暗示)，而不是吃零食，我们可以听一些我们最喜欢的音乐来代替(常规)，这会让我们感到放松(奖励)。除了改变坏习惯，我们还可以利用习惯周期来创造好习惯。例如，当我们来到一个自动扶梯(暗示)时，我们通常的做法是去乘坐它，但我们可以通过走楼梯来改变这种做法，使之变得更加积极。

我们中的许多人试图迅速改变坏习惯，如果我们不能马上成功，我们往往会变得悲观而放弃。事实上，最成功的改变不是突然的，而是经过一段时间。正如中国哲学家老子所言：“千里之行始于足下”，一步看似渺小，但它是完全必要的。为了达到改变的目的，一个人必须显示一些纪律性并不断重复一小步。毕竟，改掉坏习惯并不容易。

对于年轻人来说，有足够的时间去改变坏习惯。然而，没有“神奇药丸”或删除按钮可以帮助你；你必须考虑你的坏习惯并决定一些改变。你有能力建立一个快乐健康的生活充满良好的习惯！