所属成套资源:2019版高考化学一轮优化探究练习 全套 (含解析)
2019版高考化学一轮优化探究练习:章末排查练(四) (含解析)
展开章末排查练(四)授课提示:对应学生用书第104页一、排查易错易混点 正误判断,正确的打“√”,错误的打“×”。(1)稀盐酸可除去烧瓶内残留的MnO2。( )(2)富集溴一般先用热空气和水蒸气吹出单质溴,再用SO2将其还原吸收。( )(3)燃料的脱硫脱氮、SO2的回收利用和NOx的催化转化都是减少酸雨产生的措施。( )(4)利用NaOH溶液和浓H2SO4通过洗气的方法可以除去CO中的CO2。( )(5)实验室里用锌粒与稀HNO3反应制取H2。( )(6)Cu溶于稀HNO3反应的离子方程式:Cu+2H++NO===Cu2++NO2↑+H2O。( )(7)将可调高度的铜丝伸入稀HNO3中,溶液变蓝,说明铜与稀HNO3发生置换反应。( )(8)液氨用做制冷剂不涉及化学变化。( )(9)除去Cl2中少量HCl气体的方法是将混合气体依次通入盛有饱和食盐水和浓H2SO4的洗气瓶。( )(10)MnO2与浓盐酸反应制Cl2的离子方程式:MnO2+4HCl(浓)Mn2++2Cl-+Cl2↑+2H2O。( )(11)制取二氧化氮时,用水或NaOH溶液吸收尾气。( )(12)标准状况下,6.72 L NO2与水充分反应转移的电子数目为0.1NA。( )(13)硬度:晶体硅<金刚石。( )(14)浓氨水可检验氯气管道漏气。( )(15)P2O5可用于干燥Cl2和NH3。( )答案:(1)× (2)√ (3)√ (4)√ (5)× (6)×(7)× (8)√ (9)√ (10)× (11)× (12)×(13)√ (14)√ (15)×二、排查41个主要化学方程式1.碳、硅及其化合物(1)知识网络构建(2)重要反应必练写出下列反应的化学方程式,是离子反应的写离子方程式。①Si和NaOH溶液的反应________________________________________________________________________。②SiO2和NaOH溶液的反应________________________________________________________________________。③SiO2和C的反应________________________________________________________________________。④向Na2SiO3溶液中通入过量CO2气体________________________________________________________________________。⑤Si和氢氟酸的反应________________________________________________________________________。⑥Mg在CO2中燃烧________________________________________________________________________。⑦向澄清石灰水中通入少量CO2气体________________________________________________________________________。⑧向澄清石灰水中通入过量CO2气体________________________________________________________________________。⑨除去CO2中的CO________________________________________________________________________。⑩Na2CO3和SiO2的反应________________________________________________________________________。答案:(1)①Si+2OH-+H2O===SiO+2H2↑ ②SiO2+2OH-=== SiO+H2O③SiO2+2CSi+2CO↑④SiO+2CO2+2H2O===H2SiO3↓+2HCO⑤Si+4HF===SiF4↑+2H2↑⑥2Mg+CO22MgO+C⑦Ca2++2OH-+CO2===CaCO3↓+H2O⑧OH-+CO2===HCO⑨CO+CuOCO2+Cu⑩Na2CO3+SiO2Na2SiO3+CO2↑ 2.氯气及其化合物(1)知识网络构建(2)重要反应必练写出下列反应的化学方程式,是离子反应的写离子方程式。①Cl2和H2O的反应________________________________________________________________________。②Cl2和NaOH溶液的反应________________________________________________________________________。③Cl2和石灰乳的反应________________________________________________________________________。④把Cl2通入到Na2SO3溶液中________________________________________________________________________。⑤将Cl2和SO2混合通入H2O中________________________________________________________________________。⑥将Cl2通入到氢硫酸溶液中________________________________________________________________________。⑦将浓盐酸和MnO2混合加热________________________________________________________________________。⑧惰性电极电解饱和食盐水________________________________________________________________________。⑨向KMnO4固体上滴加浓盐酸________________________________________________________________________。⑩向漂白粉溶液中通入少量CO2气体________________________________________________________________________。⑪向NaClO溶液中通入少量CO2气体________________________________________________________________________。答案:①Cl2+H2OH++Cl-+HClO②Cl2+2OH-===Cl-+ClO-+H2O③2Cl2+2Ca(OH)2===2Ca2++2Cl-+2ClO-+2H2O④Cl2+SO+H2O===SO+2H++2Cl-⑤SO2+Cl2+2H2O===4H++2Cl-+SO⑥Cl2+H2S===S↓+2H++2Cl-⑦MnO2+4H++2Cl-Mn2++Cl2↑+2H2O⑧2Cl-+2H2OCl2↑+H2↑+2OH-⑨2MnO+16H++10Cl-===2Mn2++5Cl2↑+8H2O⑩Ca2++2ClO-+CO2+H2O===CaCO3↓+2HClO⑪CO2+H2O+ClO-===HClO+HCO3.硫及其化合物(1)知识网络构建(2)重要反应必练写出下列反应的方程式,是离子反应的写离子方程式。①S和热NaOH溶液的反应________________________________________________________________________。②把H2S气体通入CuSO4溶液中________________________________________________________________________。③FeS和稀H2SO4反应________________________________________________________________________。④将SO2气体通入到氢硫酸中________________________________________________________________________。⑤把SO2气体通入到酸性KMnO4溶液中________________________________________________________________________。⑥Cu和浓硫酸的反应________________________________________________________________________。⑦C和浓硫酸反应________________________________________________________________________。⑧把浓H2SO4滴到Na2SO3固体上________________________________________________________________________。⑨将少量NaHSO4溶液滴到Ba(OH)2溶液中________________________________________________________________________。⑩将Ba(OH)2溶液滴加到NaHSO4溶液中至中性________________________________________________________________________。答案:①3S+6OH-2S2-+SO+3H2O ②H2S+Cu2+===CuS↓+2H+③FeS+2H+===Fe2++H2S↑④SO2+2H2S===3S↓+2H2O⑤5SO2+2MnO+2H2O===5SO+2Mn2++4H+⑥Cu+2H2SO4(浓)Cu2++SO+SO2↑+2H2O⑦C+2H2SO4(浓)CO2↑+2SO2↑+2H2O⑧H2SO4(浓)+Na2SO3===Na2SO4+H2O+SO2↑⑨H++SO+Ba2++OH-===BaSO4↓+H2O⑩Ba2++2OH-+2H++SO===BaSO4↓+2H2O4.氮及其化合物(1)知识网络构建(2)重要反应必练写出下列反应的方程式,是离子反应的写离子方程式。①N2和H2的反应________________________________________________________________________。②把NH3通入水中________________________________________________________________________。③实验室利用NH4Cl固体、Ca(OH)2固体混合加热制备NH3。________________________________________________________________________。④NH4HCO3与少量NaOH溶液的反应________________________________________________________________________。⑤NH4HCO3与少量Ba(OH)2溶液的反应________________________________________________________________________。⑥Cu和稀HNO3的反应________________________________________________________________________。⑦Cu和浓HNO3的反应________________________________________________________________________。⑧Fe和少量稀HNO3的反应________________________________________________________________________。⑨Fe和过量稀HNO3的反应________________________________________________________________________。⑩C和浓HNO3的反应________________________________________________________________________。答案:①N2+3H22NH3②NH3+H2ONH3·H2ONH+OH-③2NH4Cl+Ca(OH)22NH3↑+2H2O+CaCl2④HCO+OH-===CO+H2O⑤Ba2++2OH-+2HCO===BaCO3↓+2H2O⑥3Cu+8H++2NO===3Cu2++2NO↑+4H2O⑦Cu+4H++2NO===Cu2++2NO2↑+2H2O⑧3Fe+8H++2NO===3Fe2++2NO↑+4H2O⑨Fe+4H++NO===Fe3++NO↑+2H2O⑩C+4H++4NOCO2↑+4NO2↑+2H2O