2021届高考一轮复习梳理点拨学案：人教版必修5Unit3Lifeinthefuture

Unit 3  Life in the future基础自主检测阅读识记Ⅰ.英译汉1.aspect n. 方面；层面2.tablet n. 药片3.steward n. 乘务员；服务员4.mask n. 面具；面罩；伪装5.carriage n. 运输工具；四轮马车；客车6.timetable n. 时间表；时刻表7.dustbin n. 垃圾箱8.goods n. 货物Ⅱ.汉译英1.jet n. 喷气式飞机2.capsule n. 太空舱；胶囊3.opening n. (出入的)通路；开口；开端4.sideways adv. 往(向、从)一侧；侧着；侧面朝前5.mud n. 泥(浆)6.typist n. 打字员7.typewriter n. 打字机8.button n. 纽扣；按钮高频应用1.previous adj. 在前的；早先的　　2.fasten vt. 系牢；扎牢3.belt n. 腰带；皮带  4.flash vt.& vi. (使)闪光；(使)闪现5.switch n. 开关；转换　vt. 转换  6.desert n. 沙漠；荒原7.citizen n. 公民；居民；市民  8.receiver n. 接受者；接收器；电话听筒9.ecology n. 生态；生态学  10.greedy adj. 贪吃的；贪婪的；贪心的11.swallow vt. 吞下；咽下  12.material n. 原料；材料13.recycle vt. 回收利用；再利用拓展变形1.impression (n.) 印象；感想；印记→impress (vt.) 使留下深刻印象→impressive (adj.) 令人印象深刻的2.constant (adj.) 时常发生的；连续不断的→constantly (adv.) 不断地3.uncertain (adj.) 不确切的；无把握的→uncertainly (adv.) 犹豫地；迟疑地→uncertainty (n.) 犹豫；迟疑；无把握4.guide (n.) 指导；向导；导游 (vt.) 指引；指导→guidance (n.) 指引→guiding (adj.) 给予指导的5.surroundings (n.) 周围的事物；环境→surrounding (adj.) 周围的→surround (vt.) 围绕6.tolerate (vt.) 容忍；忍受→toleration (n.) 容忍；忍受→tolerant (adj.) 容忍的；宽容的7.lack (vi.& vt.)  缺乏；没有 (n.) 缺乏；短缺的东西→lacking (adj.) 缺乏的；短缺的8.adjustment (n.) 调整；调节→adjust (vt.) 调整9.press (vi.& vt.) 按；压；逼迫 (n.) 按；压；印刷；新闻→pressure (n.) 压力10.exhausted (adj.) 筋疲力尽的；疲惫不堪的→exhaust (vt.) 耗尽11.optimistic (adj.) 乐观(主义)的→optimism (n.) 乐观主义12.instant (n.) 瞬间；片刻 (adj.) 立即的；立刻的→instantly (adv.) 立即；立刻13.representative (n.) 代表；典型人物 (adj.) 典型的；有代表性的→represent (vt.) 代表14.settlement (n.) 定居；解决→settle (v.) 定居；解决→settler (n.) 开拓者；定居者；移民者15.motivation (n.) 动机→motivate (vt.) 成为……的动机；激励 1.单复数意义不同的名词①good 善行；好处→goods 货物②brain 智力→brains 智者③custom 习惯；风俗→customs 海关④instruction 教导→instructions 用法说明⑤pain 痛苦→pains 辛苦；劳苦⑥sand 沙子→sands 沙滩⑦time 时间→times 时代2.男女有别①②③④3.­er后缀指物的名词①typewriter 打字机②receiver 听筒；接收器③counter 柜台④drawer 抽屉⑤cooker 炊具⑥speaker 扬声器  一 动词＋介/副词1.take up 拿起；接受；开始；继续；占用2.suffer from 患有(疾病等)；为……受苦3.sweep up 打扫；横扫4.slide into (快捷而悄声地)移动；溜进5.speed up 加速二 be＋形容词/副词＋介词6.be back on one's feet (困境后)恢复；完全复原7.be greedy for ... 对……贪婪三 介词＋名词8.as a result 结果；因此9.in all directions 向四面八方四 其他10.(a) lack of ……方面的短缺11.lose sight of ...  看不见……1.“v.＋from” 短语荟萃①suffer from 遭受②result from 因……而起③adapt from 从……改编④escape from 从……逃脱⑤benefit from 从……中获益⑥die from 死于⑦date from 始于⑧hear from 收到某人的来信2.与身体部位相关的俚语①get back on one's feet 从失败中重新站起来②have an ear/an eye/a nose for 有眼光；很能鉴赏；对……感兴趣③give someone a black eye 把某人打得鼻青眼肿④fall on deaf ears 不被理睬，未被听取⑤live hand to mouth 勉强糊口，勉强维持生活_________________________________________________________________1.特殊疑问词＋插入语(do you think/suppose/expect/believe等)＋陈述语序Which problems do_you_think (你认为) people will have overcome in one thousand years？(教材P17)2.形容词＋不定式(作状语)，主动表被动At first my new surroundings were difficult_to_tolerate (难以忍受)．(教材P18)3.过去分词短语在句子中作状语Hit_by_a_lack_of_fresh_air (由于缺乏新鲜空气), my head ached.(教材P18)4.make＋宾语＋宾语补足语“Put on this mask，” he advised. “It'll make_you_feel_much_better (使你感觉好些)．” (教材P18)5.what引导的名词性从句However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what_looked_like_a_large_market (一个看上去像是大市场的地方) because of too many carriages flying by in all directions.(教材P18)6.形容词作状语Exhausted (我感到累极了), I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.(教材P18)7.where引导定语从句，修饰先行词Well, now there's a system where_the_waste_is_disposed_of (能处理掉废弃物) using the principles of ecology.(教材P22)单句语法填空1.I still cannot believe ________ I am taking up this prize ________ I won last year.答案：that; that2.I have to remind myself ________ (constant) that I am really in AD 3008.答案：constantly3.I can still remember the moment ________ the space stewardess called us all to the capsule.答案：when4.Just as I tried to make the necessary adjustment 　　　　 this new situation, Wang Ping appeared.答案：to5.Soon I was back ________ my feet again and following him to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer.答案：on6.These carriages float above the ground and ________ bending or pressing down in your seat, you can move swiftly.答案：by7.________ (arrive) at a strange­looking house, he showed me into a large, bright clean room.答案：Arriving8.I found later ________ their leaves provided the room ________ much－needed oxygen.答案：that; with9.My first visit was to a space station ________ (consider) the most modern in space.答案：considered10.I stared at the moving model of the waste machine, ________ (absorb) by its efficiency.答案：absorbed考点步步冲关1 impression　n. 印象；感想；印记FIRST IMPRESSIONS(P17)第一印象(1)be under the impression that ... 觉得……；以为……；有某种想法(多指被表象欺骗的想法)make/leave/have a(n) ... impression on/upon 给……留下印象(2)impress sth. on/upon sb. 使某人铭记某事impress sb. with sth. 给某人留下……印象be impressed by/with 对……印象深刻(3)impressive adj. 使人印象深刻的；引人注目的即时练1单句语法填空①A baby can only receive sense ________ (impress), but it cannot understand them.②I have to say that this opening ceremony is the most ________ (impress) one I have ever seen.③I ________ (impress) by his devotion to research but I did not have the slightest interest in his profound theories.④Much ________ (impress) by her diligence, the banker has decided to sponsor her till she graduates from college.答案：①impressions　②impressive　③was impressed　④impressed一句多译我第一次见他时，他的幽默感给我留下了深刻的印象。⑤The first time I saw him, I __________________ his sense of humor.⑥The first time I saw him, his sense of humor ____________________ me.答案：⑤was deeply impressed by/with　⑥left/made/had a deep impression on/upon 2 tolerate　vt. 容忍；忍受At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate.(P18)开始的时候，新的环境让我难以忍受。(1)tolerate (sb.) doing sth. 忍受/容忍(某人)做某事can't stand (sb.) doing sth.＝can't bear doing/to do sth. 不能容忍/忍受(做)某事(2)tolerance n. 容忍；宽容have tolerance for 忍受；容忍(3)tolerant adj. 容忍的；宽容的即时练2单句语法填空①Turn the volume down, please. I have little ________ (tolerate) for noise.②He is a very ________ (tolerate) and understanding man. He never complains about anyone or anything in any situation.③Being a bad­tempered man, he would not tolerate ________ (have) his lectures interrupted.④Mr Smith couldn't tolerate ________ (disturb) by the noises from the cars downstairs while writing, so he called the police.答案：①tolerance　②tolerant　③having　④being disturbed 3 lack　vi.& vt. 缺乏；没有n. 缺乏；短缺的东西Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached.(P18)由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到头痛。(1)lack sth. 缺少某物(2)for lack of sth. 因缺乏某物；因没有某物a lack of sth. 缺乏某物no lack of 不缺乏(3)lacking adj. 短缺的；缺乏的(不用于名词前)be lacking in 缺少……[名师点津]　lack作名词时常与介词of连用；作动词时可用作及物动词(不用被动语态)，也可作不及物动词用(与介词for连用，lack for多用于否定句)；形容词lacking与in连用。即时练3单句语法填空①The children lack ________ nothing although the parents are poorly dressed. ②More and more high­rise buildings have been built in big cities ________ lack of space.③Before we had a child we felt that there was something ________ (lack) in our lives.④Living in the desert involves a lot of problems, of which ________ (lack) water is the worst.答案：①for　②for　③lacking　④lacking一句多译他在学习上信心不足，这就是他不能取得进步的原因。⑤____________________ in his study accounts for why he makes little progress.⑥He ________________ in his study, which accounts for why he makes little progress.答案：⑤Lack of confidence/Lacking confidence　⑥lacks confidence/is lacking in confidence 4 instant　n. 瞬间；片刻　adj. 立即的；立刻的You place the metal band over your head, clear your mind, press the sending button, think your message and the next instant it's sent.(P22)你把这种金属带放在头上，排除杂念，按下发送按钮，集中精神想着你要发送的信息，片刻信息就发出去了。(1)in an instant＝for an instant 一瞬间(2)[名师点津]　表示“一……就……”的结构归纳：as soon as; no sooner ... than ... ；hardly ... when ... ；immediately/directly/instantly＋从句；the instant/moment/minute/second＋从句；on/upon＋(动)名词即时练4一句多译一到达剧院，他发现朋友给他的票忘在家里了。①__________________ the theatre, he found the ticket a friend gave him was left at home.②____________________ the theatre, he found the ticket a friend gave him was left at home.③__________________ the theatre, he found the ticket a friend gave him was left at home.④________________________ the theatre ________ he found the ticket a friend gave him was left at home.答案：①On arriving at　②The instant/The moment/The minute/The second he arrived at　③Instantly/Immediately/Directly he arrived at　④Hardly had he arrived at; when 1take up 拿起；接受；开始；继续；占用(时间)；占据(空间)教材原句I still cannot believe that I am taking up this prize that I won last year.(P17)我现在仍然不能相信我是在接受去年获得的这个奖励。take off 脱掉(衣服等)；(飞机等)起飞；事业腾飞take over 接管take apart 拆开take down 写下；记下；拆除take care of 照顾take in 吸收；接纳；领会；欺骗take on 呈现；雇用；承担；从事take ... for granted 认为……是理所当然的即时练1写出下列句中take up的含义①After he retired from office, Royers took up painting for a while, but soon lost interest.________②Are you going to take up the challenge of lasting a whole week without arguing？________③We tried to find a table for seven, but they were all taken up.________④She took up the story where Tim had left off.________答案：①开始从事　②接受　③占用　④继续用take相关短语的适当形式填空⑤Gazing up into his eyes, she seemed to ____________ all that he said.⑥I know how busy you must be and naturally I don't want to ____________ too much of your time.⑦A British newspaper says British Airways plans to ______________ Trans World Airlines.⑧Internet shopping will really ____________ when people make sure that it is safe.答案：⑤take in　⑥take up　⑦take over　⑧take off 2lose sight of 看不见教材原句However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions.(P18)但是，当我们到达一个看上去像是大市场的地方时，由于太多车辆朝四面八方飞奔，我看不见王平了。come into sight 进入视野catch sight of 看见lose one's sight 失明at first sight 乍一看at the sight of 一看到……out of sight 在视野外；看不见in/within sight 在视野内；看得见即时练2用sight相关短语的适当形式填空①____________ the snake, the girl drew back.②The top of the church was ____________ and we knew we only had another few miles to go.③Standing at the top of the hill, you can ____________ the whole city.④The car being ____________， Jenny was still standing at the door, gazing towards the end of the road.答案：①At the sight of　②within/in sight　③catch sight of　④out of sight 3speed up 加速教材原句When we wanted the hovering carriage to speed up, we pressed down hard on the driving pedal and bent over in the direction we wanted to go.(P20)当我们想让气垫车加速时，我们就用力踏驱动踏板，并且向想去的方向俯身。speed by  (时间)飞逝at a speed of ... 以……的速度at high/low/full/top speed 以高/低/全/最高速度with (all) speed 快速地pick up speed 加速reduce speed 减速即时练3用speed相关短语的适当形式填空①The police car is running ______________ 100 miles per hour to chase after the truck ahead of it.②When we're travelling ________________， the passing countryside just seems a blur (模糊不清)．③The rise in the cost of living has been ______________ in recent years.④The weeks ________________ and soon it was time to go back to school.答案：①at a speed of　②at high speed/with (all) speed③speeding up　④sped by 1Exhausted,_I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.(P18)翻译我感到累极了，爬到床上很快就睡着了。exhausted为形容词化的分词在句中作原因状语，相当于as I was exhausted。形容词(短语)或形容词化的分词在句中除充当原因状语外，还可充当时间、条件、伴随、方式、让步状语等。即时练1单句语法填空①After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, ________ (exhaust)．②The boy lay on the sofa, ________ (relax)．答案：①exhausted　②relaxed单句写作③他饥寒交迫地在风雪中度过了七天。He spent seven days in the wind and snow, ______________.④因严重受伤，其中有些乘客被立刻送到了最近的医院。____________， some of the passengers were sent to the nearest hospital at once.⑤克鲁索盯着脚印，心里充满了恐惧。Crusoe stared at the footprint, ____________.⑥即使残疾了，但是未被打败，他仍在我之上。____________________， he was still ahead of me.答案：③cold and hungry　④Seriously injured　⑤full of fear　⑥Disabled but not defeated单句写作——句式升级⑦由于太紧张，考试刚开始时我什么也想不起来。但我没有着急，而是努力使自己平静下来。a．普通表达：I __________________. I couldn't think of anything at the beginning of the exam. However, I didn't worry but tried to calm myself down.b．高级表达：________________， I couldn't think of anything at the beginning of the exam. However, I didn't worry but tried to calm myself down.(形容词作状语)答案：a.was too nervous　b．Too nervous 2Inside was an exhibition of the most up­to­date inventions of the 31st century.(P22)翻译太空站里展出了31世纪一些最前沿的发明。out, in, into, down, up, away, now, then, here, there等表示方位和时间的副词或表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词时，句子的主谓部分用完全倒装。当主语为代词时不倒装。即时练2单句写作①然后年底最终的颁奖仪式随之而来。________________ the final awards ceremony at the end of the year.②在教室的后面坐着一位老人。In the back of the classroom ____________.③下雨了，伞都撑起来了。________________ the rain and ______________ the umbrellas.④这是我给你的提示。______________ my tips for you.答案：①Then came　②sits an old man　③Down came; up went　④Here are过去分词作状语过去分词作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随等，此时相当于一个状语从句。1．时间状语①When he was told his mother was ill, Li Lei hurried home quickly.→Told his mother was ill, Li Lei hurried home quickly.当李雷被告诉他妈妈生病了，他匆忙地回家了。2．原因状语②As they were encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.→Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.受到这次演讲的鼓舞，年轻人下定决心开始斗争。3．条件状语③If he is given another chance, he will do better.→Given another chance, he will do better.再给一次机会，他会做得更好。4．让步状语④Although he was laughed at by many people, he continued his study.→Laughed at by many people, he continued his study.尽管他被许多人嘲笑，但是他继续他的研究。5．方式或伴随状语⑤She walked out of the house and she was followed by her little daughter.→She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter.她走出这个房子，后面跟着她的小女儿。分词作状语有时可在前面加上when, while, if, once, though, unless等连词，以明确作何种状语。⑥Unless he is invited, he won't go to the party.→Unless invited, he won't go to the party.除非被邀请，否则他不会去参加聚会。当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时，分词可以有自己独立的主语，构成独立主格结构。⑦When our homework was finished, we went home.→Our homework finished, we went home.作业完成后，我们就回家了。即时练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．________ (raise) in the poorest  area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.答案：Raised2．Though badly ________ (hurt) and shaken, the old lady looked up at Tenyson with love in her eyes and gave him a little smile.答案：hurt3．There are some health problems that, when not ________ (treat) in time, can become bigger ones later on.答案：treated4．The problem ________ (settle), the meeting came to an end.答案：settledⅡ.单句改错1．Clearly and thoughtfully writing, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers._________________________________________________________________答案：writing→written2．Absorbing in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching._________________________________________________________________答案：Absorbing→Absorbed3．Seeing from the top of the hill, the city was extremely beautiful._________________________________________________________________答案：Seeing→Seen4．Once was educated by me, she would be an upper class lady._________________________________________________________________答案：去掉was基础达标演练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．The ________ (impress) he made on me was that he was no more than a reserved young man.答案：impression2．When ________ (press) by reporters, he refused to confirm whether he believed they would all be able to return.答案：pressed3．Many language teachers try to use movies to stimulate students' ________ (motivate) for language learning.答案：motivation4．I stepped back, ________ (instant) realizing it was one of the many factory robots.答案：instantly5．As far as I know, our English teacher as well as other teachers never tolerates ________ (cheat) in the exams.答案：cheating6．The dustman had been sweeping ________  all the fallen leaves on this street from 6 to 8 that morning.答案：up7．________ (guide) by the sun, they walked towards their destination through the woods.答案：Guided8．We'd better speed ________ if we want to be there on time.答案：up9．Before joining NBA, Jordan was even removed from the high school basketball team ________ lack of skill.答案：for10．He wrote a letter ________ he explained what had happened in the accident.答案：whereⅡ.单句改错1．We are reliably informed that David has been back to his feet and next week he will go home from hospital._________________________________________________________________答案：to→on2．Sofia looked around at all the faces: she had the impression she had seen most of the guests before._________________________________________________________________答案：impression后加that3．We had better set up a system which we can work efficiently and equally._________________________________________________________________答案：which前加in或which→where4．Worrying about her daughter, the mother came to see her yesterday._________________________________________________________________答案：Worrying→Worried5．If I ever lose my faith in you, there'd be nothing leaving for me to do._________________________________________________________________答案：leaving→leftⅢ.教材微写作A．根据提示完成句子1．随着科技的发展，我对未来的生活持乐观态度。(optimistic)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：With the development of science and technology, I am optimistic about life in the future.2．我们生活的环境将更舒适、美丽。(surroundings)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：The surroundings where we live will be more comfortable and beautiful.3．太阳能、风能将会被充分利用，海水也会转变成能源，人们再也不用担心缺乏能源。(lack)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：People will not worry about lack of energy any longer because solar energy and wind energy will have been made full use of and sea water will be switched into energy as well.4．我们不但被提供丰富的衣食，而且我们可以花费更多的时间周游世界。(provide)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Not only will we be provided with enough food and clothing, but we can also spend more time travelling around the world.5．正是因为工作效率更高了，我们在工作学习上的压力将会更小。(efficiently)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：It is because we can work  more efficiently that we will have less stress either from our study or work.B．将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范  答案：With the development of science and technology, I am optimistic about life in the future. By that time, the surroundings where we live will be more comfortable and beautiful. People will not worry about lack of energy any longer because solar energy and wind energy will have been made full use of and sea water will be switched into energy as well.Not only will we be provided with enough food and clothing, but we can also spend more time travelling around the world. Furthermore, it is because we can work more efficiently that we will have less stress either from our study or work.