2021届高考一轮复习梳理点拨学案：人教版必修3Unit1Festivalsaroundtheworld

第一部分 教材重点全程攻略Book 3Unit 1  Festivals around the world基础自主检测阅读识记Ⅰ.英译汉1.harvest n．& vt.& vi. 收获；收割2.ancestor n. 祖先；祖宗3.feast n. 节日；盛宴4.rooster n. 雄禽；公鸡5.drown vt.& vi. 淹没；溺死；淹死Ⅱ.汉译英1.hunter n. 狩猎者；猎人2.bone n. 骨；骨头3.poet n. 诗人4.parking n. (汽车等)停放5.weep vi. 哭泣；流泪　n. 哭；哭泣高频应用1.belief n. 信任；信心；信仰2.trick n. 诡计；恶作剧；窍门　vt. 欺骗；诈骗3.arrival n. 到来；到达；到达者4.gain vt. 获得；得到5.award n. 奖；奖品　vt. 授予；判定6.worldwide adj. 遍及全世界的；世界性的7.obvious adj. 明显的；显而易见的8.wipe vt. 擦；揩；擦去拓展变形1.beauty (n.) 美；美人→beautiful (adj.) 美丽的；漂亮的→beautify (vt.) 美化；使更美丽2.celebration (n.) 庆祝；祝贺→celebrate (vt.& vi.) 庆祝；祝贺3.starve (vi. & vt.) (使)饿死；饿得要死→starvation (n.) 饿死；挨饿4.origin (n.) 起源；由来；起因→original (adj.) 原来的；独创的→originate (v.) 起源于；产生5.religious (adj.) 宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的→religion (n.) 宗教(信仰)6.arrival (n.) 到来；到达；到达者→arrive (vt.) 到达；赶到7.independence (n.) 独立；自主→independent (adj.) 独立的；自主的→depend (v.) 依赖；依靠8.gather (vt. & vi.) 搜集；集合；聚集→gathering (n.) 聚集；聚会；集会9.agriculture (n.) 农业；农艺；农学→agricultural (adj.) 农业的；农艺的10.admire  (vt.) 赞美；钦佩；羡慕→admiration (n.) 钦佩；羡慕11.energetic (adj.) 充满活力的；精力充沛的；积极的→energy (n.) 精力；能量12.custom (n.) 习惯；风俗→customer (n.) 顾客→customs (n.) 海关13.permission (n.) 许可；允许→permit (vt.) 允许14.apologize  (vi.) 道歉；辩白→apology (n.) 道歉15.sadness (n.) 悲伤；悲哀→sad (adj.) 悲哀的；难过的16.remind  (vt.) 提醒；使想起→reminder (n.) 引起回忆的人/事物17.forgive (vt.) 原谅；饶恕→forgiveness (n.) 宽恕；原谅 1.后缀­(i)ous的高频形容词①religious 宗教上的②humorous 幽默的③dangerous 危险的④cautious 小心的⑤ambitious 有抱负的；有野心的⑥various 各种各样的⑦conscious 有意识的⑧mysterious 神秘的⑨envious 忌妒的；猜忌的2.表示“情感”的高频名词①sadness 悲哀；悲伤②sorrow 悲伤；悲痛③shock 震惊；难过④depression 沮丧；抑郁⑤happiness 高兴⑥pleasure 愉快3.“骗；欺骗”相关词①trick vt. 欺骗；诈骗n. 诡计；恶作剧；窍门②cheat v. 欺骗；欺诈；作弊n. 欺骗(行为)；骗子③fool vt. 愚弄；欺骗n. 愚人；白痴④deceive v. 欺骗；蒙骗4.“明显”相关单词①obvious→obviously②evident→evidently③distinct→distinctly④apparent→apparently 一 动词＋介/副词1．dress up 盛装；打扮；装饰2．turn up 出现；到场3．set off 出发；动身；使爆炸；引起4．remind ... of ... 使……想起……二 动词＋名词＋介词5．play a trick on 搞恶作剧；诈骗；开玩笑6．look forward to 期望；期待；盼望7．have fun with 玩得开心三 动词＋名词8．keep one's word 守信用；履行诺言9．hold one's breath 屏息；屏气四 其他10．take place 发生11．in memory of 纪念；追念12．day and night 日夜；昼夜；整天“动词＋sb.＋of”短语集锦①remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事物②accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人犯某罪，指责某人做某事③cure sb. of sth. 治好某人某病④rid sb. of sth. 使某人摆脱某物⑤cheat sb. of sth. 欺骗某人某物⑥inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事⑦rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某东西⑧warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事⑨convince sb. of sth. 使某人确信某事⑩suspect sb. of sth. 怀疑某人某事 1．“be＋形容词＋to do ...”结构At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find (难以找到)，especially during the cold winter months. (教材P1)2．either ... or ... “或者……或者……”Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm (提供帮助或带来危害). (教材P2)3．“with＋宾语＋介词短语”结构On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones” on them (上面有“骨头”). (教材P2)4．when引导的非限制性定语从句China and Japan have mid­autumn festivals, when people admire the moon (这时人们会赏月) and in China, enjoy mooncakes. (教材P2)5．it作形式主语的主语从句It was obvious that (很明显) the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave ... (教材P7)6．while引导的时间状语从句While she was on earth (她在人间时) she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love. (教材P7) 单句语法填空1．Festivals and celebrations of all kinds          (hold) everywhere since ancient times.答案：have been held2．India has a national festival          October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi,          leader who helped gain India's independence from Britain.答案：on; the3．Some Western countries have very exciting carnivals,          take place forty days before Easter, usually in February.答案：which4．Easter is          important religious and social festival for Christians around the world.答案：an5．The country,          with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it          with pink snow.(cover)答案：covered; is covered6．         (base) on the reading passage, what do most festivals seem to have in common?答案：Based7．She could be with her friends right now          (laugh) at him.答案：laughing8．He had looked forward to          (meet) her all day, and now he was alone with his roses and chocolates, like a fool.答案：meeting9．         (find) that Zhinü was heart－broken, her grandmother finally decided to let the couple cross the Milky Way          (meet) once a year.答案：Finding; to meet10．As he sadly passed the tea shop on the corner on his way home, he heard a voice          (call) him.答案：calling考点步步冲关1 award　n．奖；奖品　vt.授予；判定Some people might win  awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster.(P2)有些人还可能因为他们的农产品(参加各种评选)而获奖，比如最大的西瓜或最帅的公鸡。(1)win/receive/get an award for 因……而赢得/得到/获得奖项(2)award sth. to sb. ＝award sb. sth. 把某物颁发给某人[名师点津]　动词award后接双宾语，而动词reward “奖赏，给……报酬”不能接双宾语，reward常用以下搭配：reward sb. for sth. 因……奖赏某人reward sb. with sth. 用某物酬劳某人 即时练1单句语法填空①Years later, she was proud that her son had read thousands of books, and          (award) a PhD in literature.答案：was awarded　一句多译因挽救那位女士的生命而得到了政府授予的奖品，男孩感到很自豪。②The boy                                        for his saving the woman's life and felt very proud. (award n．)③The boy                                        for his saving the woman's life and felt very proud. (award vt.)④                         for his saving the woman's life, the boy felt very proud. (分词作原因状语)答案：②received an award from the government　③was awarded by the government　④Awarded by the government 2 admire　vt. 赞美；钦佩；羡慕China and Japan have mid­autumn festivals, when people  admire the moon and in China, enjoy mooncakes.(P2)中国和日本都有中秋节，这时人们会赏月。在中国，人们还品尝月饼。(1)admire sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而钦佩某人(2)admiration n．[U]赞美；钦佩express/have admiration for sb./sth.   (表达)羡慕/钦佩某人/物with admiration  钦佩地(3)admirable adj. 令人钦佩的；极佳的admiring adj. 钦佩的；赞美的 即时练2单句语法填空①Many people around the world admire China          its great contributions to the world peace.②With          (admire) I went to interview the teacher from the countryside.③She was used to receiving          (admire) looks from others.答案：①for　②admiration　③admiring 3 apologize　vi.道歉；辩白Well, he was not going to hold his breath for her to apologize.(P7)他不想屏息等她来道歉。(1)apologize to sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事向某人道歉(2)apology n. 道歉；辩白make an apology to sb. for sth. 因某事向某人道歉accept/refuse one's apology 接受/拒绝某人的道歉owe sb. an apology 应向某人道歉即时练3单句语法填空①The man apologized to me          stepping on my foot.②Please accept our apology          the inconvenience this matter has given you.③The young man made an apology          the lady for spilling coffee on her dress.答案：①for　②for　③to单句写作④我应为星期五下午不能和你一起去书店向你道歉。I                        for the fact that I cannot go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon.答案：owe you an apology 4 remind　vt.提醒；使想起I don't want them to  remind me of her.(P7)我不想因它们想起她来。(1)remind sb. of/about sth. 提醒某人某事；使某人想起某事remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事remind sb. (that) ... 提醒某人……keep sb. reminded of sth. 使某人想起某事；提醒某人某事(2)reminder n. 引起回忆的人/事物 即时练4单句语法填空①Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself          (remind) of his own dreams.②Please remind me          (write) an e­mail to my mother tomorrow, for it's her birthday.③Confucius believed knives would remind people          killings and were too violent for use at the table.答案：①reminded　②to write　③of单句写作——句式升级④尽管提醒了司机不要酒后驾车，一些人还在碰运气，这很危险。a．普通表达：                                             after drinking, some drivers are still trying their luck, which is dangerous.(状语从句)b．高级表达：                       after drinking, some drivers are still trying their luck, which is dangerous.(分词作状语)答案：a.Although they are reminded not to drive　b．Reminded not to drive 1in memory of 纪念；追念教材原句For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense  in memory of their ancestors.(P2)在日本的盂兰盆节，人们要扫墓、烧香，以缅怀祖先。“in＋n.＋of”短语：in honour of 为了纪念……；向……表示敬意in praise of 赞扬；表扬in favor of 赞同；支持in charge of 负责in need of 需要in search of 寻找in possession of 拥有in place of 代替in terms of 就……而言；在……方面即时练1选词填空(in terms of/in charge of/in favor of/in honour of)①They built a monument                  those who died in the great earthquake.②I am                Susan's opinion about what  best friends are.③It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated                overall quality.④Could I speak to whoever is                  International Sales please?答案：①in honour of　②in favor of　③in terms of　④in charge of 2look forward to 期望；期待；盼望教材原句The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that  look forward to the end of winter and  the coming of spring.(P2)最富有生气而又最重要的节日，就是告别冬天、迎来春天的节日。含介词to的常用动词短语有：be/get used to 习惯于stick to 坚持lead to  导致object to  反对contribute to 促成；有助于get down to 开始着手……pay attention to  注意[名师点津]　look forward to表示“盼望；期待”，该结构中to为介词，故其后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。 即时练2单句语法填空①Thanks for your kind consideration and I look forward to          (receive) your earliest reply.答案：receiving单句改错②The letter he had been looking forward to coming last night. 答案：coming→came　单句写作③事实上，他反对被当作小孩子似的对待。As a matter of fact, he              being treated like a child.④到了你该开始批改试卷的时候了。It is time you                  marking the papers.答案：③objects to　④got down to 3turn up 出现；露面；被找到；开大(音量)；向上翻教材原句But she didn't turn up.(P7)但她没露面。turn down 调小；拒绝turn out 生产；结果是；证明是；原来是turn over 翻转；翻身turn in 上交turn off 关闭turn to 求助；转向；翻到 即时练3写出下列句中turn up的含义①We invited her to dinner but she didn't even bother to turn up.        ②I can't hear the music. Please turn the volume up.        ③I'm sure your watch will turn up one day.        ④He turned up his coat collar against the chill wind.        答案：①露面；出现　②开大；调高(音量等)　③(被)找到；(被)发现　④朝上翻用turn相关短语的适当形式填空⑤My wallet was              to the police two days after it was stolen.⑥Tom looked upset because he had his proposal                again.⑦I often              my classmates or teachers for help. As a result, I have made steady progress in my studies.答案：⑤turned in　⑥turned down　⑦turn to 4set off 出发；动身；使爆炸；引起；激起某人的某种情感教材原句As Li Fang set off for home, he thought ... (P7)当李方动身回家时，他想……set up 开办；建立set aside 留出，拨出(时间、金钱等)；驳回，撤销；不顾set down 记下，写下；停车让……下车set out 出发；动身set out to do sth. 开始/着手做某事(为达到某个结果)set about sth./doing sth. 着手(做)某事(尤指费时费力的事) 即时练4用set相关短语的适当形式填空①We              to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day.②For all these years I have been working for others. I'm hoping I'll              my own business someday.③He                helping homeless women and children to go to safe places.④A great many boys were                fireworks in the street.⑤He tried to              a few minutes each day for his exercise.答案：①set out　②set up　③set about　④setting off⑤set aside 1It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave ... (P7)翻译很明显，咖啡馆的经理在等李方离开……(1)句子中的it作形式主语，其后的that从句才是真正的主语。it作形式主语，没有具体意义，而只是帮助把真正的主语移至句子末尾，使句子取得平衡。(2)it作形式主语的常用句式：①It be＋形容词(常用于这种结构的形容词有：clear, strange, obvious, certain, important, possible, natural, surprising, interesting, likely, unusual等)＋that从句②It be＋名词(a shame, a pity, a wonder ... )＋that从句③It be＋过去分词(said, thought, believed, supposed, reported ... )＋that从句④It＋特殊动词(seem, appear, happen ... )＋that从句 即时练1单句语法填空①It is not surprising          young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so.②         is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life, from the local environment to the global ecology.答案：①that　②It一句多译很明显，我们不想花太多的钱。③                         we don't want to spend too much money.④        ， we don't want to spend too much money.答案：③It is obvious that　④Obviously 2While she was on earth she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love.(P7)翻译她在人间遇到了牛郎，两人相爱了。句中While she was on earth作时间状语，其中while表示“当……的时候”。while作连词时的主要用法：(1)“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句；(2)“然而；可是”，表示对比；(3)“虽然；尽管”，表示转折。 即时练2单句写作①玛丽写信时，孩子们在外面玩耍。                                    ， the children were playing outside.②我的大多数同学想去公园，然而我想去更好的地方。Most of my classmates wanted to go to a park                  an idea of going to a nicer place.③尽管旅游能够开阔视野，但是我认为在这方面花费太多的时间和金钱并不好。                                        ， I don't think it's a good idea to spend too much time and money on it.答案：①While Mary was writing a letter　②while I had③While traveling can broaden your mind 情态动词(Ⅰ)can/could 表示能力，常译为“能，会”，could主要指过去时间。①I can't play basketball now, but  I could when I was young.我现在不会打篮球了，但是我年轻时会。may/might 1．表示许可或征询对方许可，常译成“可以”。表示征询许可时，may可与can/could换用，might比may的语气更委婉一些。②May/Might I use your bike?我可以用你的自行车吗？2．表示推测，may多用于肯定句和否定句，其否定用may not表示“可能不”之意。might比may可能性小。③—Where did he stay last night?—I'm not sure, but he might have stayed at his friend's home.——昨天晚上他待在哪了？——我不确定，他可能待在朋友家了。will/would 表示请求、建议，用于第二人称疑问句中，would比will语气更委婉；will/would用于各种人称时，will表习惯、倾向，would表过去的习惯性动作或倾向；will还可表“意愿、肯”，would为其过去时。④Will/Would you call back later, please?你晚点儿再打(电话)过来好吗？shall/should 1．shall主要用于第一人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示；还可用于肯定句和否定句中，表“规定、许诺、命令”等。⑤What shall we do this evening?今晚我们该做什么呢？2．should表示劝告、建议、命令，其同义词是ought to；在疑问句中，通常用should代替ought to，意为“应该”。(还常用于虚拟语气中)。⑥You shouldn't have told him the news.你本不应该告诉他这个消息。⑦Sal suggested that we should go for a swim.萨尔建议我们去游泳。must/can't must表示推测时，只能用于肯定句，意为“一定；肯定”，作此解时，must的否定形式不是mustn't “禁止”，而是can't/couldn't，表示“不可能”。⑧—I think the news must be true.—No, it can't be true.——我想这个消息一定是真的。——不，它不可能是真的。 即时练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Child as she is, she          speak two foreign languages.答案：can2．When we worked in the same office, we          often have coffee together.答案：would3．The school rules state that no child          be allowed out during the day, unless accompanied by an adult.答案：shall4．Caroline          have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind.答案：should5．You can stay here as long as you can, if you         .答案：willⅡ.单句改错1．It is a long time since we met last time. You must come and see me more often. 答案：must→should2．We told the children that they needn't play fire in the classroom. 答案：needn't→mustn't3．Advertisements are powerful and some companies try to mislead us, so we won't be too careful when reading them. 答案：won't→can't4．It mustn't be Mr Smith over there because he has just gone to Shanghai. 答案：mustn't→can't5．He has been working hard all day long, so he can be tired now. 答案：can→must 基础达标演练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Keep in mind that          (forgive) does not necessarily mean becoming friends again with the person who upset you.答案：forgiveness2．He came to China in order to learn Chinese          (agriculture) skills.答案：agricultural3．In my hometown, there is a tradition that we will hold a          (celebrate) party when we enter a higher school.答案：celebration4．Thieves broke into the building in the mistaken          (believe) that there was expensive equipment inside.答案：belief5．(2018·咸阳模拟)I find that doing physical exercise a couple of times a week makes me feel more          (energy)．答案：energetic6．This nationwide smog should serve as a          (remind) to all, indicating a high time that we reflected on what we've done to the environment.答案：reminder7．The passenger made          apology to Angie because he spoke loudly on his phone.答案：an8．The Nobel Prize          (award) to those who make great contributions in many fields every year.答案：is awarded9．On his          (arrive) in Beijing, Peter called up his friend, Li Ming.答案：arrival10．George Washington led the American colonies in the war of          (independent) against England from 1775 to 1783.答案：independenceⅡ.单句改错1．Either you or the headmaster are to hand out the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting. 答案：are→is2．Great changes have been taken place in the school over the past three years, which deeply impresses me. 答案：去掉been3．It is necessary that he would be sent there at once. 答案：would→should或去掉would4．You can rely on it that he will turn up on time, because he always keeps his words. 答案：words→word5．In some places women are expected to earn money when men work at home and raise their children. 答案：when→whileⅢ.教材微写作A．根据提示完成句子1．春节总是让我们想到家庭团聚。(remind)  答案：The Spring Festival always reminds us of the family reunion.2．在春节有各种各样的活动。(there be)  答案：There are all kinds of activities during the Spring Festival.3．孩子们特别盼望春节。(look forward to)  答案：Children especially look forward to the Spring Festival.4．对成年人来说，这也是一个美好的时光。(It's a good time ... )  答案：It's also a good time for adults.5．他们可以相互表达感激、道歉或宽恕之情。(appreciation; apology; forgive)  答案：They can express appreciation, make an apology or forgive each other.6．遗憾的是有些人由于各种原因，不能出现在这个重大的节日里。(It is a pity that ... ; turn up)  答案：It is a pity that some people can't turn up at such a great festival for a variety of reasons.B．将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范答案：The Spring Festival always reminds us of the family reunion, when there are all kinds of activities. As a result, children especially look forward to it. It's also a good time for adults, when they can express appreciation, make an apology or forgive each other. However, it is a pity that some people can't turn up at such a great festival for a variety of reasons.