2021届人教版一轮复习学案：必修5Unit1　Greatscientists

必修5Unit 1　Great scientists单词拓展1.conclude 　　　　vt.& vi.推断出conclusion n.结论;结束 2.attend  vt.照顾;参加attendant n.侍者;服务员3.expose  vt.暴露exposure n.暴露;揭露exposed adj.无遮蔽的4.cure  n.& vt.治愈5.blame  vt.责备 n.过失6.contribute  vt.& vi.贡献contribution n.贡献 7.defeat  vt.& n.失败;打败8.challenge  n.挑战 vt.向……挑战challenging adj.富有挑战性的9.absorb  vt.吸收absorbing adj.吸引人的10.suspect  vt.怀疑 n.嫌疑犯11.pollute  vt.污染pollution n.污染polluted adj.被污染的12.handle  n.把手 vt.处理13.announce  vt.宣布;通告announcement n.通告;宣布 14.instruct vt.指示instruction n.指示单词拓展15.construction　　　　n.建筑物construct vt.建设;修建 16.reject  vt.拒绝rejection n.拒绝;抛弃短语记忆1.put forward　　　　提出2.apart from 除……之外;此外3.make sense 讲得通;有意义4.draw a conclusion 得出结论5.expose...to 使显露;暴露6.link...to... 将……和……连接起来7.look into  调查8.be against 反对9.be to blame 应受责备10.(be) strict with... 对……严格的句型整理1.Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上,天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。2.Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们不知它的病源,也不了解它的治疗方法。3.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次爆发霍乱时,都有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。1.conclude vt.& vi.断定;推断出;使结束,终止;达成,缔结归纳拓展①conclude②conclude sth. with以……结束……③in conclusion最后;总之④come to/draw/reach a conclusion得出结论高考运用:完成句子①　　　　　　　　(总之),walking is a good form of exercise. ②In analyzing his and other research,Dr.Prinstein 　　　　　　　　　　　　(得出另一个结论).(2019全国Ⅰ,阅读理解D) 答案:①In conclusion　②came to another conclusion2.expose vt.暴露,揭露,使面临归纳拓展①expose sth./sb./oneself (to...)(向……)显露或暴露某事物/某人/某人自己;使某事物/某人/某人自己面临②be exposed to接触;暴露于……高考运用:完成句子①Tom 　　　　 　　　　(被揭露) as a liar and a cheat. ②　　　　 　　　　 　　　　(暴露于)the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin. ③Some people think that we shouldn’t 　　　　 children 　　　　　　　　(使……接触) computer games. 答案:①was exposed　②Being exposed to　③expose;to playing在expose...to...以及be exposed to结构中,to为介词,其后要用名词、代词或动词-ing形式。3.cure vt.治愈,治疗n.疗法;治疗;药归纳拓展①a cure for sth.治疗……的方法②cure sb.of...治愈某人的疾病/矫正某人的不良行为高考运用:完成句子①There was no 　　　　(治疗方法),only pain relief.(2019江苏,完形填空) ②The fresh air and exercise 　　　　 him 　　　　(治愈) his sleeplessness. 答案:①cure　②cured;of4.absorb vt.吸收;吸引;使专心归纳拓展①absorb one’s attention 吸引某人的注意 ② absorb oneself in 某人全神贯注于③ be absorbed in 某人全神贯注于④“全神贯注于”的其他表达方式:be buried in/be occupied in/be lost in/be addicted to高考运用:完成句子①It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working,and that’s plenty of time for your skin 　　　　　　　　(吸收) a day’s worth of Vitamin D.(2019全国Ⅰ,七选五) ②　　　　　　　　(全神贯注于) his work,he simply forgot to have supper and sleep. 答案:①to absorb　②Absorbed in5.blame v.谴责;责备;把……归咎于n.过失;责备归纳拓展①blame sb.for (doing) sth.因(做)……而责备某人②blame sth. on sb.将……归咎于某人③be to blame 应受谴责④take the blame 承担责任⑤put the blame on sb.把责任推到某人身上高考运用:完成句子①Don’t always 　　　　 your own failure 　　　　(将……归咎于) others.Sometimes you yourself 　　　　　　　　　　　　(该受责备). ②You should 　　　　　　　　　　　　(承担责任) for not finishing the work on time. 答案:①blame;on;are to blame　②take the blamebe to blame为主动形式表示被动意义,因此不能再用被动语态。6.contribute vt.&vi.捐献;贡献;捐助归纳拓展①contribute...to...把……贡献给……②contribute to...导致……;向……投稿;有助于……③make a contribution to...对……作出贡献注意:上面短语中的to是介词,后面接名词或者动词的-ing形式。高考运用:完成句子①Located where the Belt meets the Road,Jiangsu will 　　　　 more 　　　　(对……作出贡献) the Belt and Road construction.(2019江苏卷) ②Sports 　　　　 mainly 　　　　(有助于) your physical fitness. ③Who 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　(作出巨大贡献) the civil-rights movement in the U.S.? 答案:①contribute;to　②contribute;to　③made a great contribution to写作联想:高考运用②其他表达方式①Sports mainly lead to your physical fitness.②Sports mainly result in your physical fitness.③Your physical fitness mainly results from sports.Many people contributed money to the poor boy,which contributed to his returning to school.A writer wrote a story about it and contributed it to China Daily.许多人给这个可怜的小男孩捐了款,这使他重返校园。一位作家写了一篇关于此事的报道并把它投给了《中国日报》。7.put forward提出(意见、建议);推荐;将……提前归纳拓展①put aside储蓄;忽视;把……放在一边②put away储存(钱);将……收起来,将……放回原处③put back拨回,向后拨;推迟,延期;放回原处④put down写下;放下;平定高考运用:完成句子①I tend to accept any idea 　　　　 　　　　(提出) by experts on TV. ②We’re trying to 　　　　 　　　　(储存) a few hundred dollars every month toward our vacation. ③We don’t have any idea who 　　　　 grandma 　　　　 (推荐).(2019全国Ⅱ,语法填空改编) 答案:①put forward　②put aside　③put;forward在表示“提出”时,put forward和come up with为及物动词短语;而come up是不及物动词短语。8.make sense 有意义;有道理;讲得通归纳拓展①make sense of理解,明白②make no sense没道理,没意义③in a sense从某种意义上说④common sense常识⑤a sense of duty/humor/beauty/direction/pride 责任感/幽默感/美感/方向感/自豪感⑥in no sense决不(用在句首时,句子用部分倒装)　高考运用:完成句子①Read this and tell me if it 　　　　　　　　(有意义). ②Can you 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　(理解) what this American is saying? ③　　　　 　　　　 　　　　(决不) should you lose heart,keep trying and you’ll make it sooner or later. 答案:①makes sense　②make sense of　③In no sense