2021届人教版一轮复习学案：必修3Unit4　Astronomythescienceofthestars

Unit 4　Astronomy:the science of the stars单词拓展1.exist　　　　　vi.存在;生存existence n.生存;存在 2.puzzle  n.谜;难题 vt.& vi.(使)迷惑puzzling adj.令人迷惑的 puzzled adj.感到迷惑的3.astronomy  n.天文学astronomer n.天文学家4.theory  n.学说;理论theoretical adj.理论上的theoretically adv.理论上地 5.globe  n.球体;地球仪global adj.全球性的6.violent  adj.猛烈的violently adv.猛烈地violence n.猛烈;暴力7.fundamental  adj.基础的fundamentally adv.基本地fundamentals n.(pl.)基本原理8.gentle  adj.温和的;文雅的gently adv.温柔地gentleman n.绅士9.system  n.系统;制度10.climate  n.气候11.multiply  vi.& vt.乘;增加12.atmosphere  n.大气层;气氛13.float  vi.& vt.(使)漂浮 n.漂浮物14.crash  vi.& vt.碰撞;坠落短语记忆1.in time　　　　　　　及时;终于2.prevent...from 阻止;制止3.block out 挡住(光线)4.now that 既然5.break out 突发;爆发6.cheer up 感到高兴7.in one’s turn 轮到某人8.lay eggs 下蛋9.give birth to 产生;分娩10.watch out for 当心;提防句型整理1.The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.地球变得如此激烈动荡以至于不知道这个固体形状是否会继续下去。2.This produced a chain reaction,which made it possible for life to develop.这就产生了一系列的反应,使得生命发展成为可能。3.But when I tried to step forward,I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而当我试图向前迈步的时候,我发觉我被送出去很远,步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍,因而我摔倒了。1.exist vi.存在;生存归纳拓展①exist on靠……为生②exist in存在于……之中③There exist...有……;存在……④come into existence产生;成立;开始存在高考运用:语法填空①They cannot exist 　　　　 such a small income. ②No one knows how this world came into 　　　　 (exist). 答案:①on　②existenceexist是不及物动词,没有被动语态,也不用于进行时态。2.in time及时;终于;总有一天归纳拓展①on time准时;按时②in no time立即;马上③at a time一次;每次④at one time曾经;一度⑤at times有时高考运用:完成句子①I’m just so glad I was there 　　　　　　　　 (及时) to help my son.(2019全国Ⅱ,完形填空) ②The company fired him for not coming to work 　　　　　　　　(按时). ③He can eat 5 pancakes 　　　　　　　　(每次). 答案:①in time　②on time　③at a time3.prevent...from...阻止……;制止……归纳拓展①stop sb.(from) doing sth.阻止某人做某事②keep sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事③protect sb.from...保护某人不受……侵袭④keep sb.doing sth.让某人一直做某事高考运用:语法填空①If you like,a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them 　　　　 (turn) brown.(2019全国Ⅱ,阅读理解B) ②Wear more clothes to protect yourself 　　　　 the cold. 答案:①turning　②fromprevent/stop sb.(from) doing sth.中的from可以省略,而keep sb.from doing sth.中的from不能省略。4.now (that) 既然now that相当于since,是连词词组,用来引导原因状语从句,口语中经常省略that,只用now,这时now已经失去了“现在”的含义。 归纳拓展其他引导原因状语从句的连词:because 因为;since 既然,因为;as由于高考运用:翻译句子①既然我恢复了健康,我就可以继续工作了。  ②既然你已经长大了,你可以自己做决定了。  答案:①Now that I am well again,I can go on with my work.　②Now that you’ve grown up,you can make up your mind by yourself.5.break out(战争、火灾等)突发;爆发归纳拓展①break away (from sb./sth.)脱离(政党等);打破(陈套等)②break down出故障,抛锚;(计划等)失败;(身体、精神等)垮掉;打倒,砸破;(化合物等)分解③break up 打碎;解散;结束④break into 强行闯入;突然开始(笑、唱等)高考运用:完成句子①When did the First World War 　　　　　　　　 (爆发)? ②My car 　　　　　　　　 (出故障) on the way,so I was late for work. ③Last night a thief 　　　　　　　　 (强行进入) my house. 答案:①break out　②broke down　③broke into6.cheer up感到高兴;感到振奋归纳拓展①cheer sb.up使某人高兴/振奋②cheer...on 为……加油③cheer for...为……欢呼④Cheers! 干杯!高考运用:翻译句子①听到他被清华大学录取的时候,我们欢呼起来。  ②他们的工作是鼓舞参赛者。  答案:①We all cheered up at the news that he was admitted into Tsinghua University.　②Their job was to cheer on the competitors.7.This produced a chain reaction,which made it possible for life to develop.这就产生了一系列的反应,使得生命发展成为可能。归纳拓展①句中使用了“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。即:　make+宾语+宾语补足语②当该结构中的宾语是不定式短语或从句时,多用it作形式宾语,而把不定式短语或从句后置,即make+it+宾语补足语+不定式短语或从句。高考运用:语法填空①Mastering the technology makes it possible for us 　　　　 (use) the Internet more effectively. ②She tried to make herself 　　　　 (understand) while giving her speech. 答案:①to use　②understood8.But when I tried to step forward,I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而当我试图向前迈步的时候,我发觉我被送出去很远,步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍,因而我摔倒了。归纳拓展倍数的表达方式:①“A+倍数+形容词或副词的比较级+than+B”,表示“A比B大(长、高、宽等)多少倍”。②“A+倍数+as+形容词或副词的原级+as+B”,表示“A是B的多少倍”。③“A+倍数+the size/height/length/width,etc.+of+B”,表示“A是B大(高、长、宽等)的多少倍”。高考运用:语法填空①The bridge is three times 　　　　 (long) than that one. ②This room is twice the size 　　　　 that one. ③This street is three times the 　　　　 (long) of that one. 答案:①longer　②of　③length