2019年高考英语（人教版）一轮总复习教师用书：第一部分必修5Unit3　Lifeinthefuture

 　　　　　Unit 3　Life in the future (对应学生用书第125页)[单词　拼写应用]Ⅰ.考纲单词——会拼写、要识记1．previous　　　 adj.在前的；早先的2．guide   n.  指导；向导；导游   vt.  指引；指导3．tolerate   vt.  容忍；忍受4．lack   vi.& vt.  缺乏；没有   n.  缺乏；短缺的东西5．switch   n.  开关；转换   vt.  转换6．desert   n.  沙漠；荒原7．recycle   vt.  回收利用；再利用8．aspect    n.  方面；层面9．fasten    vt.  系牢；扎牢10．flash    vt.&vi.  (使)闪光；(使)闪现11．timetable    n.  时间表；时刻表12．citizen    n.  公民；居民；市民13．button    n.  纽扣；按钮14．ecology    n.  生态；生态学15．greedy    adj.  贪吃的；贪婪的；贪心的16．swallow    vt.  吞下；咽下17．material    n.  原料；材料18．goods    n.  货物Ⅱ.派生单词——能辨别1．impress v．使留下深刻印象→impressive adj.给人深刻印象的→impression n．印象；感想；印记2．constant adj.时常发生的；连续不断的→constantly adv.不断地3．certain adj.某一；必然的；确信的→uncertain adj.不确切的；无把握的→certainly adv.当然；行(用于回答)4．surround vt.围绕→surrounding adj.周围的→surroundings n．周围的事物；环境5．adjust vt.调整；使适应→adjustment n．调整；调节6．press vi.& vt.按；压；逼迫 n．按；压；印刷；新闻→pressure n．压力7．optimism n．乐观主义→optimistic adj.乐观(主义)的8．mud n．泥(浆)→muddy adj.泥泞的9．instant n．瞬间；片刻 adj.立即的；立刻的→instantly adv.马上10．settle v．定居；解决→settlement n．定居；解决11．motivate vt.刺激；使有动机；激发……的积极性→motivated adj.有动机的；有积极性的→motivation n．动机Ⅲ.语境应用(用所给词的适当形式填空)1．He walked in the surrounding villages and found the surroundings very comfortable to live in.(surround)2．We've got to motivate our students，because the stronger the motivation is，the more quickly a person will learn a foreign language.(motivate)3．The city of Hangzhou is really an impressive place.Especially the famous West Lake always leaves quite an impression on the visitors.I was strongly impressed by its beauty the first time I visited it.(impress) 【导学号：65670100】[拓展联想]单复数意义不同的名词集锦①brain 脑髓；brains 智者；智慧②custom 习惯；风俗；customs 海关；关税③look 脸色；看；looks 容貌④pain 痛苦；pains 辛苦；努力⑤sand 沙子；sands 沙滩⑥time 时间；times 时代⑦work 工作；works 作品“容忍”的种种表达①tolerate vt.忍受　　 ③stand vt.忍受②bear vt.忍受        ④put up with忍受；容忍后缀­en构成动词①shorten使缩短　　 ③deepen加深，使深②weaken变弱       ④broaden/widen加宽[短语　多维应用]Ⅰ.短语回顾——会默写1．take_up　　　　　　 拿起；接受；开始；继续2．be_back_on_one's_feet   (困境后)恢复；完全复原3．lose_sight_of...   看不见……4．sweep_up   打扫；横扫5．slide_into   (快捷而悄声地)移动；溜进……6．speed_up   加速7．remind_sb.of...   使某人想起……8．be_similar_to   与……相似9．in_all_directions   四面八方10．show_sb.around   带领某人参观……Ⅱ.语境应用(选用上述短语的适当形式填空)1．Tom thought carefully for several days and decided to take_up the job.2．Nobody noticed when he entered the classroom；he slid_into it from the back door.3．Don't leave her alone to sweep_up the house after the party.4．Many countries are faced with the problem about how to speed_up economic development.5．I watched the plane go higher and higher until I lost_sight_of it.[拓展联想]be＋adj.＋to短语①be close to   靠近；接近②be equal to   等于；能胜任③be familiar to   为(某人)熟悉④be harmful to   对……危害 [句式　结构仿写]教材原句——会背诵句式仿写——能应用1.be＋adj.＋to do结构At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate.1.就我个人而言，他随和并很容易相处。As far as I'm concerned，he is easy­going and easy_to_get_along_with.2.过去分词作状语Hit by a lack of fresh air，my head ached.2.假如给予更多的关心和照顾，这个孩子就不会变得如此自私和淘气。Given_more_attention and caring，the child wouldn't have become so selfish and naughty.3.形容词作伴随状语Exhausted，I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.3.长途旅行后，他们三个回到了家，又饿又累。After the long journey，the three of them went back home，hungry_and_tired.4.where引导定语从句Well，now there's a system where the waste is disposed of using the principles of ecology.4.学生应该参加社区活动，他们从中能获得成长经验。Students should involve themselves in community activities where_they_can_gain_experience for growth. (对应学生用书第126页)精讲3个考纲单词 lack vt.&vi.缺乏；没有n．缺乏；短缺的东西[高考佳句]　They lack physical exercise and the skill to communicate with their friends face to face.(重庆高考)他们缺乏身体锻炼和面对面与朋友交流的能力。(1)for lack of　因缺乏……a lack of  缺乏……(2)lacking adj.  短缺的；缺乏的be lacking in  缺少……①These children have health problems linked to poor diet and a lack of exercise.这些孩子有与不良饮食和缺乏运动相关的健康问题。②More and more high­rise buildings have been built in big cities for lack of space.由于缺少空间，大城市里建起了越来越多的摩天大楼。 链接写作 【导学号：65670101】虽然杰克缺乏经验，但是他以满腔的热情来弥补不足。①(普通表达)Though Jack was_lacking_in experience，he made up for it in enthusiasm.②(高级表达)Though_lacking_in_experience，Jack made up for it in enthusiasm.(省略) press vi.&vt.按；压；逼迫n.按；压；压刷；新闻[经典例句]　Pressed by my friends and relations，I decided to seize the opportunity.在朋友和家人的催促下，我决定抓住机会。(1)press...against/to...　把……压/挤/贴在……press for sth.  迫切要求press sb.to do sth.  极力劝说/敦促某人做某事(2)pressure n.  压(力)，压强；强制put pressure on...  给……施压under pressure  面临压力；受到压力①It is not wise to press them to_leave(leave)here so early.催促他们这么早离开这里是不明智的。②(2016年四川高考)In fact，women are less likely to have high blood pressure(press)or to die from heart attacks.事实上，妇女不太可能患高血压或死于心脏病。③I know studying is very important，but my parents put too much pressure on me.我知道学习很重要，但父母给我施加了太多的压力。 instant  n．瞬间；片刻 adj. 立即的；立刻的[高考佳句]　Furthermore，voting on the Internet makes instant feedback possible.(2016年江苏高考)此外，网上投票使得即时反馈成为可能。for an instant　一会儿，片刻in an instant＝instantly  立刻，马上the instant＋从句  一……就……①In an instant，he took off his coat and jumped into the water.瞬间，他脱下大衣跳进了水里。②The instant he arrived at the theatre he found the ticket a friend gave him was left at home.一到达剧院，他发现朋友给他的票忘在家里了。[联想发散]　表示“一……就……”的结构有：the minute，the moment，as soon as，immediately，directly，hardly...when...，no sooner...than...等。tolerate vt.容忍；忍受[经典例句]　In some experts' opinion，living conditions on the Mars are very hard to tolerate.在一些专家看来，火星上的生活条件非常艰苦难以忍受。(1)tolerate(sb.)doing sth.　容忍/忍受(某人)做某事(2)tolerance n.  宽容；宽恕tolerant adj.  宽容的；容忍的①I can't tolerate working(work) with Kate in the same office.She just refuses to stop talking while she works.我无法容忍和凯特在同一个办公室工作。她工作时间一直在讲话。②Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase，she gave him a tolerant(tolerate) smile and let him go.(湖北高考)她没有责备那个打碎了花瓶的孩子，而是给他一个宽容的微笑，并让他走了。诠释3个核心短语 take up 占有(时间/空间)；继续；开始；接受；拿起；开始从事[一词多义]　写出下列句子中take up的含义①I always take up the book and read when I am in my low spirits.拿起②I put the telephone down and took up my work again.继续③Peter will take up his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.开始从事④Are you going to take up the challenge of lasting a whole week without arguing？接受⑤We tried to find a table for seven, but they were all taken up.占据take off　　脱掉(衣服等)；起飞；事业腾飞take over  接管；获得对……的控制或管理take down  写下；记下；拆除take in  吸收；接纳；领会；欺骗take on  呈现；雇用；承担；从事⑥He didn't take_in what he read because his mind was focused on something else.他没有领会他阅读的东西，因为他的思想在其他事情上。 lose sight of...看不见……；忽略……[经典例句]　Only a short­sighted man will lose sight of the importance of education.只有鼠目寸光的人才会看不见教育的重要性。(1)catch sight of　发现；看到lose one's sight  失明come into sight  进入视野内；映入眼帘(2)at first sight  乍一看at the sight of   看到out of sight     看不到①I caught_sight_of her hurrying away but I didn't try to speak to her.我看见她匆匆离开，但我没想跟她讲话。②At_the_sight_of his mother，he cried with excitement.一看到母亲．他激动地大哭起来。③At the railway station，the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was out_of_sight．在火车站，母亲向女儿挥手告别直到火车从她的视野中消失。 speed up 加速[高考佳句]　Obviously，a good learning habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations.(四川高考)显而易见，一个好的学习习惯能帮助我们尽快达到我们的目标。(1)reduce speed/slow down　减速pick up speed  逐渐加速(2)at high/low/full/top speed  以高/低/全/最高速at a speed of...  以……速度①The car slowed_down/reduced_speed at the turning，so I speeded_up to catch up with it.那辆车在拐弯的地方减速了，于是我加速赶上了它。②Our physics teacher said that light travels at_a_speed_of 300，000 km per second.我们的物理老师说光以每秒30万千米的速度传播。 突破2个高考句型 (教材P18)Hit_by_a_lack_of_fresh_air，my head ached.由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到头痛。Hit by a lack of fresh air为过去分词短语作状语。(1)过去分词或过去分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随等，表示被动或完成；(2)过去分词的逻辑主语一般与句子主语一致；(3)过去分词表示的动作与句子的主语之间为被动关系。①Located(locate)in the central district，the Xi'an Hotel offers the best service with the lowest price.西安宾馆位于中心地带，其提供的服务最优，价格最低。②Offered(offer)an important role in a new movie，Andy has got a chance to become famous.因为安迪在一部新电影中被分给一个重要角色，他得到了一个成名的机会。 链接写作当从这个高大的建筑物顶部看，这个公园看起来更漂亮。(普通表达)When it is seen from the top of the high building, the park looks even more beautiful.①(高级表达)Seen_from the top of the high building，the park looks even more beautiful.(分词作状语)②(高级表达)Seeing_from the top of the high building, I find the park even more beautiful.(分词作状语) (教材P18)Exhausted，I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.我感到累极了，爬上床很快就睡着了。形容词exhausted在句中作原因状语。形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。①Seriously injured，some of the passengers were sent to the nearest hospital at once.因严重受伤，其中有些乘客被立刻送到最近的医院。②Too nervous(nervously)，I couldn't think of anything at the beginning of the exam.(2014年四川高考)由于太紧张，考试刚开始时我什么也想不起来。[多角快练]——练单词 练短语 练句型———————————(对应学生用书第128页)Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Everyone needs to learn new things constantly (constant) on the job and it is common practice for people to go back to shool.2．Guided(guide) by the sun，they walked towards their destination through the woods.3．When Li Qiang arrived in the future at first, he found that the new surroundings were difficult to_tolerate(tolerate)．4．All passengers on board are expected to_fasten(fasten) the seat belts when the plane takes off and lands.5．Faced(face) with the increasing unemployment，many people went on strike in most of the European countries. 【导学号：65670102】6．The boy lay，relaxed(relax) on the sofa.7．Many children at the school do not live in the town，but come from the surrounding(surround) countryside.8．Paper, iron and glass are all materials which can be_recycled(recycle) and used again.9．As far as I know，the government will speed up the pace of our economic reform.10．Having no motivation(motivate) to study may be the most dangerous thing for a student.Ⅱ.单句改错1．As far as I know，the school can't tolerate cheat in the exam.cheat→cheating2．We must never lose the sight of the fact that man must live in harmony with nature.去掉第一个the3．Afraid of caught，the thief hid himself under a bed.of后加being4．We had better set up a system which we can work efficiently and equally.which→where5．It's impossible for her to have more free time to accompany her parents because her work takes on much of her time.on→up(对应学生用书第129页)Ⅰ.课文语法填空根据P17－18课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。I went into the future because I had won a prize that gave me a tour.I 1.________(suffer)from“time lag”when I left my own time.Wang Ping gave me some green tablets 2.________ could help me feel less nervous and uncertain.His 3.________(parent)company, called“Future Tours”，transported me 4.________(safe) into the future in a time capsule.The first thing I noticed 5.________ (be)the poor quality of the air，so my head ached.And I found several 6.________(thing)different：a mask to give me enough oxygen；a hovering carriage 7.________(drive)by computer；a strange­looking house belonging to Wang Ping's parents.Here the trees acted 8.________walls and provided oxygen for 9.________ room；a table，some chairs and a bed rose from under the floor as if 10.______ magic.【答案】　1.suffered　2.which　3.parents'　4.safely　5.was　6.things　7.driven　8.as　9.the　10.byⅡ.写作改错双练根据提示利用本单元所学知识完成下面的小作文，并改正学生习作。1．为了生计，前几年我弟弟从事了不同的工作。(take up)2．为了做好工作，他不断根据公司的要求做出调整。(constantly)3．为了获得提拔，他努力给老板留下好印象。(promote)4．去年由于不能忍受一家电脑公司的工作环境，他缺失了工作的动力。(lack；tolerate)5．在我的帮助下，他很快调整了心态，然后乐观地生活。(with the help of...)第一步　练写作用适当的连接词将上述句子连成一篇短文。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二步　练改错下面是李明针对本文的习作，其中有5处语法错误，请你帮他纠正过来。In order to make a living, my brother took up different jobs in the previous years.He constant made adjustments according to the requirements of the company so that he could do his work good.In order to get promote，he tried to leave good impressions on the boss.Last year he lacked motivation to work because he can't tolerate the surroundings of a computer firm.It was with the help of me which he soon adjusted his attitude of mind and was optimistic about life.【答案】　In order to make a living, my brother took up different jobs in the previous years.He  made adjustments according to the requirements of the company so that he could do his work .In order to get ，he tried to leave good impressions on the boss.Last year he lacked motivation to work because he  tolerate the surroundings of a computer firm.It was with the help of me  he soon adjusted his attitude of mind and was optimistic about life. 【导学号：65670103】