2019年高考英语（人教版）一轮总复习教师用书：第一部分必修5Unit1 Greatscientists
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Unit 1 Great scientists
(对应学生用书第113页)
[单词 拼写应用]
Ⅰ.考纲单词——会拼写、要识记
1．defeat vt.打败；战胜；使受挫
n. 失败
2．expert adj. 熟练的；经验或知识丰富的
n. 专家；行家
3．attend vt. 照顾；护理；出席；参加
4．expose vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光
5．cure n. 治愈；痊愈
vt. 治愈；治疗
6．absorb vt. 吸收；吸引；使专心
7．suspect vt. 认为；怀疑
n. 被怀疑者；嫌疑犯
8．foresee vt. 预见；预知
9．blame vt. 责备；谴责
n. 过失；责备
10．handle n. 柄；把手
vt. 处理；操纵
11．link vt.&n. 连接；联系
12．positive adj. 积极的；肯定的；确实的
13．reject vt. 拒绝；抛弃
14．characteristic n. 特征；特性
15．analyse vt. 分析
16．physician n. 医生；内科医师
17．victim n. 受害者
18．enquiry n. 询问
19．severe adj. 严重的；严厉的
20．universe n. 宇宙；世界
Ⅱ.派生单词——能辨别
1．science n．科学；技术→scientist n．科学家→scientific adj.科学的
2．conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出→conclusion n．结论；结束
3．challenge n．挑战 vt.向……挑战→challenging adj.挑战性的
4．pollute vt.污染；弄脏→pollution n．污染
5．announce vt.宣布；通告→announcement n．通知；宣告
6．instruct vt.命令；指示；教导→instruction n．命令；传授→instructions n．用法说明书；操作指南
7．construct vt.建设；修建→construction n．建设；建筑物
8．contribute vt.&vi.捐献；贡献；捐助→contribution n．贡献
9．enthusiasm n．热心；热情；热忱→enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的→enthusiastically adv.热情地
10．caution n．小心；谨慎→cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的
Ⅲ.语境应用(用所给词的适当形式填空)
1．I was bored with my job and felt I needed a new challenge．Last week I got a new job in a big firm，and I found it very challenging．(challenge)
2．The workers are constructing the bridge damaged by the flood，and the bridge under construction connects the road with the town.(construct)
3．I want to be a scientist to discover a scientific breakthrough to save people's lives.(science)
4．The headmaster contributed to a newspaper to praise the lady's generous contributions to the school.(contribute)
[拓展联想]
后缀sion构成的抽象名词集锦
①confusion混乱 ③revision 修正；复习
②expression词语；表达方式 ④permission允许
⑤profession职业；专业
“观点；态度”的高频形容词
①negative消极的 ④doubtful怀疑的
②subjective主观的 ⑤critical批评的
③objective客观的
[短语 多维应用]
Ⅰ.短语回顾——会默写
1．put_forward 提出
2．expose...to 使显露；暴露
3．apart_from 除……之外；此外
4．make_sense 讲得通；有意义
5．draw_a_conclusion 得出结论
6．link...to... 将……和……联系或连接起来
7．(be)strict_with... 对……严格的
8．be_to_blame 应受谴责；应负责任
9．point_of_view 态度；观点；看法
10．slow_down 减速
11．lead_to 通向；导致
12．look_into 调查
Ⅱ.语境应用(选用上述短语的适当形式填空)
1．Everyone is supposed to put_forward some suggestions on how to improve our environment at the meeting.
2．We must be_strict_with our students while we should give them love and care as well.
3．I wrote a letter of complaint，and the manager has promised to look_into the matter.
4．Eating too much fat can lead_to heart disease and cause high blood pressure.
5．Don't waste time thinking about a sentence which doesn't make_sense．
6．Apart_from the English class, I took an active part in English Corner and other afterclass English activities.
[拓展联想]
“动词＋n.＋to”必备短语集锦
①add...to增添；增加 ③devote...to贡献给
②compare...to把……比作 ④supply...to供应给
[句式 结构仿写]
教材原句——会背诵
句式仿写——能应用
1.neither...nor...既不……也不……
Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
1.我们和动物一样离不开水，农业和工业也离不开水。
We，as well as animals，cannot live without water and neither_agriculture_nor_industry can go without it.
2.every time引导时间状语从句
So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
2.每当我听到这首歌，它就使我想起与祖母在一起的幸福时光。
Every_time_I_hear_the_song，it makes me think of the happy days when I was with Granny.
3.only＋状语从句位于句首时主句须倒装
Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.
3.只有当你找到内心的安宁的时候，你才会与他人保持良好的关系。
Only_when_you_can_find_peace_in_your_heart will you keep good relationships with others.
4.suggest后跟从句用虚拟语气
To prevent this from happening again，John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.
4.一些同学建议我们去附近的名胜古迹。
(2016年全国卷Ⅱ)Some classmates suggest we_should_go_to_places_of_interest nearby.
(对应学生用书第114页)
精讲6个考纲单词
conclude vt.& vi.推断出；结束；达成；缔结
[经典例句] He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.(牛津词典)
他从他们的话语中推断出他们不赞同这项计划。
(1)conclude
conclude sth. 以……结束……
to conclude 最后
(2)conclusion n. 结论；结束
come to/reach/draw a conclusion
得出结论
in conclusion 总而言之
①He concluded his speech with a famous saying：Where there is a will，there is a way.
他以一句名言“有志者，事竟成”结束了他的演讲。
②I've come to the conclusion(conclude) that he's not the right person for the job.
我断定他不适合做这份工作。
③In conclusion，I'd like to express my thanks to my family.总而言之，我想向我的家人表达感谢。
[联想发散] 表示“总而言之”的其他表达还有：in short，in brief，in a word，all in all，to sum up，briefly(speaking)，on the whole等。
链接写作
【导学号：65670091】
我从我自己的经历中得出结论：患难见真情。
①I drew_a_conclusion_from_my_own_experiences_that a friend in need is a friend indeed.(conclusion)
②I concluded_from_my_own_experiences_that a friend in need is a friend indeed.(conclude)
attend vt.出席；参加；照顾；护理 vi.专心；留意
[教材原句] John Snow was a famous doctor in London－so expert，indeed，that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.
约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成了维多利亚女王的私人大夫。
attend a meeting/a lecture/church
参加会议/听讲座/做礼拜
attend on/upon sb. 伺候某人；照顾某人
attend to 处理；倾听；专心于；照顾
①I am so sorry that I won't be able to attend the lecture on American history tomorrow afternoon.
非常抱歉我明天下午不能去听关于美国历史的演讲了。
②She was praised for having attended on her sick motherinlaw for over thirty years.
她伺候生病的婆婆三十多年，受到人们的称赞。
链接写作
今晚我不能与你一起外出，因为我有一件急事要处理。
①I can't go out with you tonight because I have an urgent thing to attend_to．
②I can't go out with you tonight because I have an important thing to deal_with．
expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光；使面临
[经典例句] Don't expose your skin to direct sunlight，or you'll get sunburnt.
不要让你的皮肤直接暴晒于阳光下，否则你会被晒伤。
(1)expose...to 使显露；暴露
be exposed to 暴露于……；处于……危险中
(2)expose sth.to sb. 向某人揭发某事
①Some people think we shouldn't expose the children to playing computer games.
一些人认为我们不应该让孩子们接触电脑游戏。
②As we all know，it is a good idea to be_exposed(expose)to the real language environment.
众所周知，接触真实的语言环境是个好主意。
链接写作
长期暴晒于阳光下对皮肤有害。
①Being_exposed_to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin.
②Exposing_yourself_to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin.
③If_exposed_to the sunlight for too long，you will get your skin injured.(if省略句)
absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心；吞并；理解；掌握
[一词多义] 写出下列句中absorb的含义
①Most little shops have been absorbed into big businesses due to the influence of the global financial crisis.吞并
②After absorbing enough water，the plants grow well.吸收
③I keep the lesson simple because the students can't absorb that much.理解
①absorb one's attention 吸引某人的注意
absorb...into... 把……吸收进……
②absorbed adj. 全神贯注的
(be)absorbed in... 全神贯注于……
[联想发散] be absorbed in (doing) sth.结构在句中作状语、定语时，常用其过去分词形式absorbed in...。类似的结构还有：
①be lost in... 陷入……；专心致志于……
②be caught in... 被困在……
③be buried in... 埋头于……
④be devoted to... 致力于……；专心于……
⑤be occupied in... 忙于……
⑥be involved in... 专注于……
链接写作
汤姆专心于工作，忘记了通知她这件事。
①(普通表达)Tom was_so_absorbed_in_his_work that he forgot to inform her of it.
②(高级表达)So_absorbed_was_Tom_in_his_work that he forgot to inform her of it.(用so...that...的倒装句)
③(高级表达)Absorbed_in_his_work，Tom forgot to inform her of it.(用过去分词短语作状语)
blame vt.责备；谴责；把……归咎于
n．过失；责备
[经典例句] Instead of blaming each other，we should communicate more and put ourselves in others' place.我们应该多交流、换位思考而不是相互责怪。
(1)blame sb.for sth. 因某事责备某人
blame sth.on sb. 把某事归咎于某人身上
be to blame(for...) 应承担责任；该受责备
(用主动形式表被动意义)
(2)bear/take the blame for...对……负责
lay/put the blame for sth.on sb.
把某事归咎于某人身上
①She blamed her husband for the failure of their marriage.
＝She blamed the failure of their marriage on her husband.她把婚姻的失败归咎于她丈夫。
②As a matter of fact，the driver was not to_blame(blame)for the accident.
事实上，这次事故不怪司机。
③We were ready to take the blame for what had happened.
我们准备对所发生的事承担责任。
contribute vi.& vt.捐献；贡献；捐助
[高考佳句] If you want to contribute to our newspaper，please send me your article before the deadline.(2015年全国卷Ⅰ)如果你想往我们报纸投稿，请在最后期限前把文章寄给我。
(1)contribute sth.to... 把某物捐献给……
contribute to 为……做出贡献；有助于；导致；为……撰稿
(2)contribution n. 捐献；贡献；投稿
make a contribution/contributions to
对……做出贡献
①Everyone is willing to contribute food and clothes to the homeless people.
每个人都愿意为无家可归的人捐献食物和衣服。
②Doing small things well contributes to building(build)up our confidence and helping us meet bigger challenges in the future.把小事做好有助于增强我们的自信心，并帮助我们迎接未来更大的挑战。
链接写作
【导学号：65670092】
他对这所大学做的贡献如此之大，以至于新图书馆以他的名字命名。
①(普通表达)He_made_such_a_great_contribution_to_the_university_that the new library was named after him.(such...that...状语从句)
②(高级表达)Such_a_great_contribution_he_made_to_the_university that the new library was named after him.(such...that...倒装句)
诠释2个核心短语
put forward 提出(建议)；推荐；将……提前；将(钟表等)向前拨
[一词多义] 写出下列句中put forward的含义
【导学号：65670093】
①As for the problem you put forward in your last letter, I think it is a wise choice for you to buy an edictionary.提出
②I think he is fit for the position；therefore, I'll put him forward as a candidate.推荐
③You ought to put your watch forward by ten minutes.将(钟表)向前拨
④They have put forward the date of their wedding by one week.将……提前
put aside 节省；储蓄；储存；留出
put away 放好；积蓄
put off 延期；推迟
put up 举起；张贴；建立；提供食宿
put through 接通电话；完成；使经受
⑤The match has been put off until tomorrow because of bad weather.(朗文辞典)
由于天气不好，比赛推迟到明天。
make sense有意义；有道理；讲得通
[经典例句] It doesn't make sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.
只是为了省一点钱买最便宜牌子的电脑没意义。
(1)make sense of 理解；明白
make no sense 没道理；没意义
(2)in a sense 在某一方面；就某种意义来说
in no sense 决不(位于句首时用部分倒装)
(3)there is no/little sense in doing sth.
做某事没道理
①There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly make_sense_of them at all.
这篇文章有那么多生词，我根本不理解它们的意义。②As far as I'm concerned，there is no sense in getting(get) upset about it now.
就我而言，现在为这事苦恼是没有意义的。
③In no sense should_you_lose_heart；keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.
你决不应该灰心丧气。继续努力，你迟早会成功的。
突破2个高考句型
(教材P2)Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
人们既不知道其起因，也不知道它的治疗方法。
neither...nor...“既不……也不……”，连接句中两个相同的句子成分。连接主语时，谓语动词遵循就近一致原则。
遵循“就近原则”的其他并列连词：
either...or... 不是……就是……
not only... but also... 不仅……而且……
not...but... 不是……而是……
①As far as I'm concerned，neither you nor this young man is to blame for the accident.在我看来，你和这个年轻人都不应该为这次事故负责任。
②Not only John and Tom but also their sister，Mary，takes(take)great interest in the piano lessons.
不仅约翰和汤姆，而且他们的姐姐玛丽也对钢琴课非常感兴趣。
③Either you or one of your students is(be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。
(教材P2)So many thousands of terrified people died every_time there was an outbreak.
每次暴发霍乱时，都有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。
every time为名词词组，引导时间状语从句，相当于whenever，表示“每当……时”。
名词词组作连词用，引导时间状语从句的还有：
(1)由time构成的名词词组：each time，the first/last time，next time，any time等。
(2)the＋瞬间名词：the minute/instant/second/moment等。
①I think of the happy hours we spent together every time I see these photos.每次看到这些照片，我都会想起我们一起度过的美好时光。
②The_first_time_I_heard_the_plan_he_put_forward，I felt very excited.
我第一次听到他提出的计划时，感到很兴奋。
③Next_time_you_come_to_Beijing,_be sure to let me know in advance.
下次你来北京，务必提前告诉我。
[多角快练]——练单词 练短语 练句型————————
(对应学生用书第117页)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．When he came back three hours later，they were still sitting on the sofa，absorbed(absorb) in conversation.
2．Because of the severe pollution(pollute)，the water in the river is too dirty to drink.
3．Not knowing what was wrong with his car，Martin decided to send for an experienced man to_handle(handle) the problem.
4．Children, when exposed(expose) to an Englishspeaking atmosphere, will pick up the language much more easily.
5．Finding a solution to this problem is one of the greatest challenges(challenge) faced by scientists today.
6．Generally speaking, parents like the teachers who are strict with their children.
7．It is common that nowadays some students put the blame on their poor performance in study for their low IQ.
8．Neither I nor Jane and Mary are(be) tired of having one examination after another.We really don't want to go to school.
9．Always read the instructions(instruct) on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.
10．Professor Wang said the reason of shortsightedness is complicated and that there is still no excellent cure for it.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．After the match the judge was announced that our team won the title.去掉was
2．In respect of the problem, we don't have to draw conclusion.draw后加a
3．It doesn't make a sense for parents to give children whatever they want.去掉a
4．The plan was put forward at yesterday's meeting，in my opinion，is quite practical.去掉was
5．He was struck by the beauty for the first time he visited Guilin.去掉for
(对应学生用书第118页)
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
根据P2－3课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
John Snow was a famous doctor in London, who was so expert that he 1.________(attend) Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he was famous for 2.________(defeat)“King Cholera”．
Cholera was a deadly disease and neither its cause nor its cure 3.________(understand). John Snow wanted to face the challenge 4.________ solve the problem. He suspected that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.So when another severe outbreak hit London, he began his enquiry. He found that many victims 5.________(link) to the outbreak were near the water pump, so he had the handle removed. Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. He drew 6.________conclusion that the polluted water was 7.________(blame)．
The water 8.________(company) were instructed not to expose people 9.________polluted water any more. 10.________(final)“King Cholera” was defeated.
【答案】 1.attended 2.defeating 3.was understood 4.and 5.linked 6.a 7.to blame 8.companies 9.to 10.Finally
【导学号：65670094】
Ⅱ.写作改错双练
根据提示利用本单元所学知识完成下面的小作文，并改正学生习作。
1．众所周知，科学家对世界做出了巨大贡献。(contribution)
2．就我个人而言，科学家是那些对工作严格要求、专心于科学事业的人。(strict；be absorbed in)
3．他们对他们得出的结论非常谨慎。(be cautious about；conclusion)
4．他们反复做实验检验他们提出的理论。(put forward)
5．他们铭记如果理论不以事实为基础就没有任何意义。(be based on；make no sense)
第一步 练写作
用适当的连接词将上述句子连成一篇短文。
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第二步 练改错
下面是李明针对本文的习作，其中有5处语法错误，请你帮他纠正过来。
As is known to us，scientists have made great contribution to the world. As far as I'm concerned, scientists are strict with their work and absorbing in scientific research. They are very cautious about every conclusion they draw. They do experiments again and again test the theory they put forward. They keep it in mind that a theory make no sense if it isn't based on facts.
【答案】
As is known to us，scientists have made great to the world. As far as I'm concerned, scientists are strict their work and in scientific research. They are very cautious about every conclusion they draw. They do experiments again and again test the theory they put forward. They keep it in mind that a theory no sense if it isn't based on facts.
