2020高考英语新创新大一轮复习人教全国版讲义：必修4Unit4Bodylanguage

Unit 4 Body language

一、课前基础自查
(一)分类记单词——省时高效
Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)
1.flight n．　　　　　飞行；航班
2.cheek n. 面颊
3.facial adj. 面部的
4.posture n. 姿势；体态
5.crossroads n. 十字路口
6.frown vi. 皱眉；蹙额　
7.fist n. 拳头
8.yawn vi. 打呵欠
9.respectful adj. 恭敬的
10.subjective adj. 主观的
11.employee n. 雇员
12.misread vt. 读错；误解
Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)
1.dormitory n．　　　宿舍
2.major adj. 主要的
3.approach vt.& vi. 接近；走近；靠近
n. 接近；方法；途径
4.likely adj. 可能的
5.hug vi.& vt. 拥抱
6.function n. 作用；功能；职能
vi. 起作用；运转
7.represent vt. 代表；象征
8.canteen n. 食堂
9.ease n. 安逸；舒适
vt. 减轻(痛苦、忧虑)
10.adult n. 成人；成年人
adj. 成人的；成熟的
11.rank n. 等级；军衔
12.dash vi. 猛冲；突进
Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)
1.statement n．陈述；说明；声明→state v．陈述；说明；声明
2.greet vi.& vt.迎接；问候→greeting n．问候；招呼
3.association n．社团；联系；联想→associate vt.联想；联系
4.curious adj.好奇的→curiously adv.好奇地→curiosity n．好奇；好奇心
5.defend vt.保护；保卫→defence n．防御；保卫
6.misunderstand vt.误解；误会→misunderstanding n．误解；误会
7.spoken adj.口语的→unspoken adj.(反义词)未说出口的；非口语的
8.anger n．怒气； 怒火→angry adj.生气的
9.truly adv.真实地；真诚地；真正地→true adj.真实的→truth n．真实；真理
[语境活用]
1.The curious boy looked at the box curiously and then he opened it out of curiosity.(curious)
2.To tell you the truth,_I'm truly grateful for your helping me make my dream come true.(true)
3.In time of war, lots of money will be spent on defence and many measures will be taken to defend a country from being attacked.(defend)
4.Entering a supermarket, I was warmly greeted by the greengrocer.His cheery greetings made me feel at home.(greet)
5.I wouldn't want to be associated with the illegal association.(associate)
6.He stated the other day that the statement was not made by him.(state)

(二)练中记短语——记牢用活
写准记牢
语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)
1.be_curious_about　对……感到好奇
2.defend_...against 保卫……以免受；防御
3.on_the_contrary 相反地
4.be_likely_to 很可能……；有希望……
5.in_general 总的来说；通常
6.get_close_to 接近；靠近
7.as_if 好像
8.at_ease 舒适；快活；自由自在
9.turn_one's_back_to 背对
10.lose_face 丢脸
1.Alice didn't give up her dream.On_the_contrary,_she overcame the difficulty and realized it.
2.Mr.Liu was so angry that he turned_his_back_to his son, without saying anything.
3.Tom didn't answer the question and felt that he lost_face before his classmates.
4.To make her family members feel at_ease,_Mrs Green lied that she was travelling together with her friends.
5.Mountain­climbing is great fun.You'll get_close_to nature and take exercise at the same time.
6.Peter can be really difficult to deal with at times even though he's a nice person in_general.

(三)仿写明句式——以用为本
教材原句
句式解读
句式仿写
1.The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.
第一个到达的是来自哥伦比亚的托尼·加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的朱莉娅·史密斯。
the＋序数词＋n.＋to do sth.
(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)1931年，Addams 成为第一个赢得诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性。
In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to_win_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize.
2.Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.
各种文化背景下人们互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触和相互间距离的程度也并不一样。
not all“并非所有的都……”，表示部分否定。
并不是所有人都愿意做这样的工作，因为它对于有些人来说太难了。
Not_all_are_willing_to_do_such_work,_for it is quite hard for some of them.
3.However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them.
不过，来自西班牙、意大利或南美等国的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且可能会(用身体)接触对方。
be likely to do sth.“有可能做某事”。
如果你努力学习，你有可能考入理想的大学。
If you study hard, you are_likely_to_be_admitted_to your ideal university.

二、课堂重点深化

1．represent vt.代表；象征；描绘
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Last but not least, I feel it great honour to represent my class to_take (take) part in the speech contest.
②She represents her mother as the kindest mother in the world.
　[系统归纳]
(1)represent ...as/to be ...　　　 把……描绘成……
represent sb.＝on behalf of sb. 代表某人
(2)representative n. 代表
adj. 典型的；有代表性的
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
③In the afternoon, you together with some of our student representative are going to visit the Haihe River and enjoy the beautiful scenery there.representative→representatives
佳句时时写(一句多译)
(2017·浙江高考写作)我非常高兴代表班级邀请你参加我们的郊游活动。
④I am pleased to represent_my_class and invite you to join us in the outing.
⑤On_behalf_of_my_class,_I am pleased to invite you to join us in the outing.
2．curious adj.好奇的
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①People gathered round, curious to_know (know) what was happening.
②She opened her eyes and looked up at me with curiosity (curious) and hopefulness.
　[系统归纳]
(1)be curious about　　　　　 对……感到好奇
be curious to do sth. 渴望做某事
(2)curiosity n. 好奇；好奇心
with curiosity 好奇地
from/out of curiosity 出于好奇
(3)curiously adv. 好奇地
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
③Curious enough, the same thing happened again a year later exactly.Curious→Curiously
佳句时时写
④(2015·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)美国的高中生生活是一个不错的选择，因为中国的学生对美国学生的学校生活非常好奇。
The life of American high school students is a good choice because Chinese students are_curious_about the school life of American students.
3．approach vt.& vi.走近；接近；靠近n.接近；方法；途径；道路
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Approaching (approach) the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height.
②All the approaches (approach) to the airport were blocked by the police yesterday.
　[系统归纳]
(1)an approach to ...　　 ……的方法/通道(to为介词)
(2)approach sth. 靠近/接近……
...be approaching ……快到了
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
③The job market has changed and our approaches to find work must change as well.find→finding
佳句时时写
④As the college entrance examination is drawing near, some students are getting more and more nervous.(升级加蓝词；with 复合结构)
→With_the_college_entrance_examination_approaching/around_the_corner,_some students are getting more and more nervous.
　[联想发散]　表示“……来临”的表达有：
①be approaching　　　　　　 ②be drawing near
③be around the corner

4．defend vt.保护；保卫；辩护
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①When the dog attacked me, I defended myself (I) with a stick.
②The monument is in memory of the soldiers who lost their lives in defence (defend) of their country.
　[系统归纳]
(1)defend ...from/against　　　 保护……以免受；防御
defend oneself 为自己辩护；自卫
(2)defence n. 防御；保卫
in defence of 保卫；为……辩护
　[重点强化]
佳句时时写
③母亲总会竭尽全力保护孩子免受伤害，这是母亲的天性。
It is the nature of a mother to do all she can to defend_her_child_from harm and danger.
僻义牢牢记
④He has employed one of the UK's top lawyers to defend him.辩护
5．major adj.主要的；重要的n.专业vi.主修
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①As a graduate majoring (major) in English, I feel excited to write this letter for the position.
②In that company I once worked, women workers are in the majority.
　[系统归纳]
(1)major in　　　　　　　　 主修
(2)majority n. 大多数；大部分
in the/a majority 占大多数
a/the majority of 大多数……
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
③She is in Beijing University, majors in English Literature.majors→majoring
佳句时时写
④Generally speaking, if you look at the audience at a classical concert, most of them are over the age of fifty.(升级加蓝词汇)
→Generally speaking, if you look at the audience at a classical concert, the_majority_of them are over the age of fifty.

1．in general总的来说；通常
　[系统归纳]
(1)as a general rule　　　　　　 一般而言；通常
generally speaking 总体而言；一般而言
(2)on the whole＝to sum up 总的来说
as a whole 就整体来看；一般地说
in a word 总之
in short/brief 简而言之；总之
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
①In the general, the northerners are keen on dumplings while the southerners are fond of rice.去掉第一个the
②As general rule, the more expensive the computer is, the better it is.As后加a
佳句时时写(一句多译)
总体来说，酒后开车的人的数量越来越少。
③Generally_speaking,_the number of the people who drive after drinking is smaller and smaller.
④In_general,_the number of the people who drive after drinking is smaller and smaller.
2．at ease舒适；快活；自由自在
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①At first, he didn't feel at ease in the strange surroundings.
②We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
③I eased him of his difficulty by telling him what to do.
　[系统归纳]
(1)feel at ease　　　　　　 感到心情放松
put sb.at ease 使某人放松
(2)with ease 轻易地；毫不费力地
(3)ease one's mind 使某人安心
ease sb.of sth. 减轻某人的(痛苦、负担等)
[名师指津]　at ease既可作表语，又可作状语；with ease只能作状语。
　[重点强化]
易错对对碰(with ease/at ease)
④His mind was at_ease knowing that the children were safe.
⑤I heard from her that she passed the test with_ease,_which made us all surprised.
佳句时时写
⑥当你感到紧张时，你最好听一些轻音乐使自己放松一下。
When you feel nervous, you'd better listen to some light music to put_yourself_at_ease.
3．the first/last (one/person) to do sth.“第一个/最后一个做某事的人”
　[教材原句]　The_first_person_to_arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.
　[自主体验]
①If I have any further news, you will be the first person to_know (know)．
②There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts to_contact (contact) you failed.
③She has only a little room to live in.
④The ability to_express (express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.
　[归纳点拨]
(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有the next, the only, the last等时，常用不定式作后置定语。
(2)动词不定式作定语要放在所修饰的名词或代词之后。
(3)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具，不定式后面须加相应的介词。
(4)动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词是抽象名词，常见的有：ability, chance, ambition, offer, anxiety, answer, reply, attempt, belief等。
　[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)If you find you aren't enjoying your course, the first thing to do is ask yourself why.
②(增分要点句)He is always the first to bear hardships and the last to enjoy comforts.
4．be likely to do sth.“有可能做某事”
[教材原句]　However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are_more_likely_to_touch them.
　[自主体验]
①That means the price is likely to_go (go) down because of the competition.
②I have learned that Mr.Brown disagrees with you.Your suggestion is unlikely (likely) to be accepted under present condition.
③If you grow up in a large family, you are more likely to develop the ability to get on well with others.
→If you grow up in a large family, it_is_more_likely_that you develop the ability to get on well with others.
　[归纳点拨]
用法规则
(1)sb./sth.be likely to do sth.某人/某物有可能做某事
it is likely that ... 很可能……
(2)unlikely adj. 不大可能发生的
be unlikely to ... 不可能……
注意事项
likely用于“it is likely that ...”和“sb./sth.be likely to do sth.”句型中，但不用于“it is likely for sb./sth.to do sth.”句型中。

　[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)It is likely that you make your friends feel embarrassed if you don't know Chinese table manners.
②(增分要点句)Evidence has been found through years of study that children's early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.


本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与社会”中的“跨文化沟通”子话题相对应

一、话题语素积累多一点
话题词汇记一记
子话题(一)　非语言类交流
温故浅易词汇
①smile　　　②cry　　　　③nod　　　　④laugh
⑤vary ⑥touch ⑦approach ⑧bow
⑨culture ⑩treat
识记生疏词汇
①embarrassment n．窘迫　②involve vt.涉及；参加
③contact n．接触 ④distance n．距离
⑤universal adj.普遍的 ⑥gesture n．手势
⑦effective adj.有效的 ⑧misunderstanding n．误解
⑨emotion n．情感 ⑩convey vt.表达

子话题(二)　语言文化交流
温故浅易词汇
①excuse　　②introduce　③invite　　　　④thank
⑤welcome ⑥wish ⑦apologize ⑧greet
⑨forgive ⑩pardon ⑪communicate ⑫express
识记生疏词汇
①reject v．拒绝　　 　 　②appreciation n．欣赏；感激
③recommend v．推荐 ④recommendation n．推荐
⑤acknowledge v．承认 ⑥appreciate v．欣赏；感激
⑦claim vt.声称；断言 ⑧force vt.强迫
⑨decline v．谢绝；减弱 ⑩command n．& v．命令

常用词块忆一忆
①kiss sb.on the cheek　　　　　 亲吻某人的面颊
②introduce oneself 自我介绍
③shake hands with sb. 与某人握手
④stand close to sb. 站的离某人近
⑤express feelings and emotions 表达思想和情感
⑥facial expressions 面部表情
⑦communicative skills 交际技能
⑧be aware of 知道
⑨have a better understanding of body language
对身势语有更好的理解
⑩pat sb.on the head 拍某人的头

写作佳句背一背
①Eye contact is also very meaning, but it can also mean different things in different countries.
②To communicate successfully, you must also learn the non­verbal language, or “body language” of that culture.
③This means of communication is so important that we may actually say more with our movements than with words.
二、话题书面表达亮一点
[题目要求]
假定你是光明中学学生会主席李华，上周你校邀请史密斯教授来校做了一场各国身势语的专题讲座。请你代表学校全体师生，用英语给他写一封感谢信。主要内容如下：
1．表达感谢；
2．通过讲座，师生了解了常用的身势语及其含义。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

[写作4步走]
第一步：句写对——给词写句
(用方框内的词汇翻译句子)
express feelings, express one's thanks to, effective, gesture, culture, communicate with, greet　　
1．我写信向你表达我们的感谢。你上周给我们做了一场有关身势语的专题讲座。
I'm_writing_to_express_our_thanks_to_you.You_gave_us_a_lecture_about_body_language_last_week.
2．通过你的讲座，我们了解到身势语是表达情感的最有效的方法之一。
Through_your_lecture,_we've_learned_that_body_language_is_one_of_the_most_effective_methods_of_expressing_feelings.
3．并不是所有的文化用同样的方式问候人们。并非每个手势意思一样。
Not_all_cultures_greet_people_in_the_same_way.Not_every_gesture_means_the_same.
4．我相信当与来自其他国家的人交流时这些知识会非常实用。
I_believe_the_knowledge_will_be_very_useful_when_communicating_with_people_from_other_countries.
5．再次感谢你精彩的讲座。
Thank_you_again_for_your_wonderful_lecture.
第二步：量写够——语句扩充
6．在句1增加状语“代表我们学校”；用convey升级“express”。
Representing_our_school,_I'm_writing_to_convey_our_thanks_to_you.You_gave_us_a_lecture_about_body_language_last_week.
7．句2后增加举例：微笑是开心和友好的世界最通用的表达。目光从别人身上移开意味着对某人或者他说的话不感兴趣。
Smiling_is_the_most_universal_expression_of_happiness_and_friendliness_in_the_world.Looking_away_from_a_person_means_showing_no_interest_in_the_person_or_what_he_or_she_says.
第三步：语写美——词句升格
1．句6用词汇sincere appreciation代替“thanks”； 然后用介词for合并升级为一个句子。
Representing_our_school,_I'm_writing_to_convey_our_sincere_appreciation_to_you_for_the_lecture_about_body_language_you_gave_us_last_week.
2．句3用nor倒装句型合并升级为一个句子。
Not_all_cultures_greet_people_in_the_same_way,_nor_does_every_gesture_mean_the_same.
3．句4强调谓语动词“believe”；用词汇beneficial升级“useful”。
I_do_believe_the_knowledge_will_be_very_beneficial_when_communicating_with_people_from_other_countries.

第四步：篇连顺——衔接成文
根据语句间的逻辑关系，可添加for example， however连句成文。
Dear_Professor_Smith，
Representing_our_school,_I'm_writing_to_convey_our_sincere_appreciation_to_you_for_the_lecture_about_body_language_you_gave_us_last_week.
Through_your_lecture,_we've_learned_that_body_language_is_one_of_the_most_effective_methods_of_expressing_feelings.For_example,_smiling_is_the_most_universal_expression_of_happiness_and_friendliness_in_the_world.Looking_away_from_a_person_means_showing_no_interest_in_the_person_or_what_he_or_she_says.However,_not_all_cultures_greet_people_in_the_same_way,_nor_does_every_gesture_mean_the_same.
I_do_believe_the_knowledge_will_be_very_beneficial_when_communicating_with_people_from_other_countries.Thank_you_again_for_your_wonderful_lecture.
Yours，
LiHua


一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding (misunderstand) of traditions.They think tradition means old things from the past.
2．(2018·天津高考)Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults (adult)．
3．(2018·天津高考)A child's day is filled with fascination, newness and wonder.Curiosity (curious) gave us all a natural awareness.
4．(2018·浙江高考)In general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone.
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required to process the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions (function)．
6．(2016·四川高考)The female hormones also protect the body in another way.They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections.
7．(2016·浙江高考)Studies show that people who volunteer are less likely to_develop (develop) depression (抑郁) than people who don't.
8．(2015·北京高考)I truly (true) believe that beauty comes from within.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(选用approach, curious, spoken填空)
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ完形填空)I never felt an urge to learn any sign language before.My entire family is hearing, and so are all my friends.The __44__ languages were enough in all my interactions (交往)．Little did I know that I would discover my love for ASL.spoken
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ完形填空)The man who had his bright lights on came over and told Larry he had made an emergency call.They then heard a woman's voice coming from the wrecked (毁坏的) vehicle.__51__ the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window.Approaching
3．(2014·四川高考完形填空)This grouse came into our lives in spring.Tom was working out in the field when he noticed her walking around at the edge of the field.She was surprisingly unafraid and seemed to be __16__ about what he was doing.curious
二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度
新高考下的命题新视角：随着全球经济的迅速发展，越来越多的国际商务谈判活动出现，在国际商务谈判中，语言在沟通中扮演重要的角色，其中身体语言作为辅助工具能够帮助人们完整的传递信息，并可以打破语言障碍。鉴于以上事实，高考也青睐于此方面内容的考查，平时考生要多关注沟通方面的素材。
[话题感悟]
学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深
(加蓝词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)
[1] Though Thaler, a behaviorism psychologist, hasn't specifically studied the field of communication, his principle works just as well if your mission is to reach and engage your audience.“If you want to get somebody to do something, make it easy.”__1__ Here're the ways of applying Thaler's approach：
[2] Develop a single high concept to summarize your message.The idea is that to make it easy for your audience, you should distill (提炼) what you're trying to convey in a short phrase or sentence.
[3] Lead with your point.And now that you've figured out the most important message to communicate, you should make that your headline or subject line.__2__It attracts their attention.It promises the solution to a problem.
[4] Emphasize the benefit.Answer your audience's key questions: “__3__”“What's in it for me？”
[5] Be briefer than you ever thought possible.Don't worry about the word count; just cut and cut until only the most important is left.
[6] __4__ We're living in a visually mediated society, and most people would much rather watch a video or scan a photo or spend time on an infographic (信息图) than read.
[7] Reduce friction.In communication, friction occurs when an audience member is intrigued (使着迷) by a topic, but then meets with resistance on his or her quest (追求) to engage with content.__5__
[8] Provide a clear way to learn more.Most people will want just a bite of information, but some will long for a snack.So provide an easy way to get more substance.
A．Why do you think so?
B．How does this affect me?
C．Use visuals to instantly convey your meaning.
D．That's the first thing audience members notice.
E．So you should lower your voice before the audience.
F．So think about how to make the experience easier.
G．How does this relate to improving communication?
语篇解读：本文是说明文，主要介绍了与观众交流沟通时的一些技巧。
1．选G　该空前讲到Thaler所提出的原理同样适用于与观众的交流沟通中，空后的句子“Here're the ways of applying Thaler's approach”表示作者下面要介绍Thaler的原理如何适用于与观众的交流沟通中，故空处为一个过渡句，而G项“这与改善交流沟通有什么关系”符合文意，所以选G项。
2．选D　根据该空前的句子“And now that you've figured out the most important message to communicate, you should make that your headline or subject line.”可知，把最重要的信息置于头条，这样观众第一眼就能够注意到，所以选D项。
3．选B　根据该空前的句子“Answer your audience's key questions”以及空后的句子可知，空处应是问句，又根据第二个句子的特点和本段的主题“Emphasize the benefit.”可知，应选B项。
4．选C　本题考查段落的主题句。本段的关键信息“visually mediated”与C项中的“visuals”相照应，所以选C项。
5．选F　本空位于句末，空前提到与观众产生争执及其原因，故空处应讲如何减少与观众的争执，F项中的the experience指的就是前面提到的与观众产生争执。所以选F项。
学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透
阅读七选五技法(1)——依据设空位置，巧解4类题型
(1)段首主题句
如果空格出现在段首，它通常是段落主题句。认真阅读空格后内容，根据段落一致性原则，推断出该段的主题句。如本文第4题。
(2)段首过渡句
在某段第一句设空的内容也有可能为承上启下的句子，这就需要考生做到瞻前顾后，既熟悉上一段结尾的内容，又结合下一段的内容，分析所选的答案是否能够将两段内容连贯起来。
(3)段尾总结句
空格在段尾，通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的关联词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等。
(4)段尾过渡句
①与前文之间是并列、递进、转折或对比关系，此时要注意在选项中查找表示并列、递进、转折或对比的关联词。
②所选答案引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。