2021高三全国统考英语（话题版）一轮学案：第1编话题一Book1Unit1Friendship


第1编　话题与教材
话题一　生活与学习

[对应教材]　Book 1　Unit 1　Friendship　Book 1　Unit 2　English around the world
Book 3　Unit 2　Healthy eating　Book 6　Unit 3　A healthy life　Book 7　Unit 1　Living well

(一)核心素养下的话题解读
“生活与学习”是高中课程标准中“人与自我”主题语境内容要求之一，该内容包括“个人、家庭、社区及学校生活；健康的生活方式、积极的生活态度；认识自我，丰富自我，完善自我；乐于学习，善于学习，终身学习；语言学习的规律、方法”等方面。这些话题与学生的日常生活关系密切。高考英语通过这些话题让学生了解健康、和谐生活的知识和技巧，做到与他人和谐相处、享受美好生活。
[高考探究]
“生活与学习”这个话题常与阅读理解、完形填空、七选五、语法填空、书面表达等相结合进行考查，分值占有较大的比例。例如：
话题一
卷别
试题类型
文章大意
生
活
与
学
习
2019全国卷Ⅰ
阅读A篇
面向学生提供的四则暑期工作公告
2019全国卷Ⅰ
阅读B篇
小学教师通过组织学生演讲来帮助学生增强自信的教学实践
2019全国卷Ⅰ
阅读D篇
有关个体受欢迎程度的青少年心理健康话题
2018全国卷Ⅱ
阅读A篇
介绍了供学生参加的暑假活动安排
2018全国卷Ⅱ
阅读B篇
七月水果丰盛，人们可以从中吸收多种营养
2018全国卷Ⅲ
阅读D篇
精简主义让生活更快乐
2015全国卷Ⅰ
阅读A篇
介绍了伦敦运河博物馆四个月的讲座安排
2015全国卷Ⅰ
阅读B篇
作者在佛罗里达逛农贸市场的经历
2015全国卷Ⅱ
阅读A篇
作者买的电视机带来了诸多令人头疼的问题
2015全国卷Ⅱ
阅读B篇
有利于保持体形的房屋装饰和布局方法
2015全国卷Ⅱ
阅读C篇
“间隔年”的上学方式越来越受到学生们的欢迎及相关的评价

续表

话题一
卷别
试题类型
文章大意
生
活
与
学
习
2019全国卷Ⅰ
七选五阅读
呼吸新鲜空气有助于身心健康
2019全国卷Ⅲ
七选五阅读
选修网络课程时与授课老师健康交流的方法
2018全国卷Ⅰ
七选五阅读
室内设计中颜色选择的重要性
2017全国卷Ⅰ
七选五阅读
讲述了作者野营观念的改变
2017全国卷Ⅱ
七选五阅读
如何防止工作中被打断
2017全国卷Ⅲ
七选五阅读
如何调整生物钟
2016全国卷Ⅱ
七选五阅读
如何打造自己的理想花园
2016全国卷Ⅲ
七选五阅读
介绍买鱼技巧及做鱼方法
2017全国卷Ⅱ
完形填空
作者的学生弗雷德的故事
2019全国卷Ⅱ
语法填空
90岁高龄的女性仍然坚持每周工作40小时的励志故事
2019全国卷Ⅲ
语法填空
讲述了作者的一次旅行经历
2017全国卷Ⅰ
语法填空
饮食低脂、低盐的利弊及对人体健康的影响
2019全国卷Ⅱ
书面表达
写邮件告知队友球队近期将参加比赛
2019全国卷Ⅲ
书面表达
写邮件邀请英国朋友Allen参加即将举办的音乐节
2018全国卷Ⅰ
书面表达
告知外国友人赴中国朋友家做客的习俗
2017全国卷Ⅰ
书面表达
告知一位学习汉语的英国朋友下次上课的计划
2015全国卷Ⅰ
书面表达
关于美国节日习俗和中学生生活的约稿

(二)构建思维导图，提升思维品质
图一　Book 1　Unit 1　Friendship

图二　Book 1　Unit 2　English around the world

图三　Book 3　Unit 2　Healthy eating

图四　Book 6　Unit 3　A healthy life

图五　Book 7　Unit 1　Living well


(三)根据思维导图，完成概要写作

图一：概要写作
①Anne Frank made her diary her best friend. ②It was because her family, who were Jewish, lived during World War Ⅱ. They had to hide or they would be caught by the German Nazis. Before they were found, Anne treated her diary as her best friend, where she could talk freely. The following is part of one example.
③“I've grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before dusty windows. It was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face ...”
图二：概要写作
English has changed over time. ①At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150, based more on German, was different from the English spoken today. Then between about AD 800 and 1150, English became less like German. By the 1600's Shakespeare used a wider vocabulary. In 1620 some British settlers moved to America. Later in the 18th century some British people were taken to Australia too, when English began to be spoken in both countries. Finally by the 19th century the language was settled.
②English now is also spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia, Singapore, Malaysia and South Africa. ③In fact, China may have the largest number of English learners. Will Chinese English develop its own identity? Only time will tell.
图三：概要写作
①Wang Peng felt very frustrated when he saw none of his customers would eat in his restaurant. ②In his opinion, nothing could be better than his fried rice, mutton kebabs, roast pork, stir­fried vegetables or his sugary cola. Following one of his best friends into Yong Hui's newly opened restaurant, he was amazed at the menu there: raw vegetables, fruit and water. ③In order to win his customers back, he went to the library to do some research, which showed that Yong Hui's menu didn't give the customers energy­giving food. In fact, there was weakness in Wang Peng's menu as well. So the only solution is to combine the two menus together to get a balanced diet.
图四：概要写作
①To help you live a healthy life, I will share why you become addicted to cigarettes. ②First, you can become physically addicted to nicotine, which is one of the hundreds of chemicals in cigarettes. Secondly, you become addicted through habit. As you know, once you do the same thing over and over again, you begin to do it automatically. Lastly, you can become mentally addicted. Do you want to know why I quit smoking? On the one hand, my girlfriend thought I smelt terrible. On the other hand, I became breathless quickly, which was why I was taken off the school football team. It was very difficult to quit, but I did finally manage. ③So I hope you'll stop smoking and live as long and healthy a life as I have.
图五：概要写作
①The text is a story about disabled Marty, who has become stronger mentally and physically by overcoming his disability and working hard. ②Before ten, he dreamed about being a professional football player. Because of his disease, he becomes disabled. Needless to say, his life was not easy at primary school, for kids laughed at him and his education suffered. In high school, he didn't get annoyed because most of his fellow schoolmates accepted him. Now he can do a lot of things to live happily.
③As healthy people, according to Marty, we'd better accept them for who they are, and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as we do.



1．What is important is that my good communication skills enable me to keep a good relationship with others.
重要的是，我良好的交际能力使我与别人友好相处。
2．Only through this experience did I have a deeper understanding of the saying “A friend in need is a friend indeed.”
就是通过这次经历，我才对“患难见真情”这句谚语有了更深的理解。
3．It is the books we donated that bridge the friendship between us and the students in that village school.
正是我们捐赠的图书，架起了我们与那所乡村小学学生之间的友谊之桥。
4．There are plenty of Tang poems describing friendship, which are really impressive.
唐诗中有很多关于友谊的描写，的确很感人。


自主排查 夯基固本

Ⅰ　核心单词
(1)upset (adj.) 心烦意乱的；不适的；不安的 (vt.) 使不安；使心烦→upset (过去式/过去分词)→upsetting (现在分词)
(2)ignore (vt.) 不理睬；忽视
(3)calm (adj.) 平静的；镇静的；沉着的 (vt.& vi.) (使)平静；(使)镇定→calmly (adv.) 沉着地；镇静地
(4)concern (vt.) (使)担忧；涉及；关系到 (n.) 担心；关注；(利害)关系→concerned (adj.) 担心的；忧虑的→concerning (prep.) 关于；涉及
(5)outdoors (adv.) 在户外；在野外→outdoor (adj.) 户外的；室外的
(6)settle (vi.) 定居；安家；停留 (vt.) 解决；安排；使定居→settlement (n.) 定居点；解决
(7)suffer (vt.& vi.) 遭受；忍受；经历→suffering (n.) 折磨；苦难
(8)recover (vt.& vi.) 痊愈；恢复；重新获得→recovery (n.) 康复；痊愈；复得
(9)pack (vt.& vi.) 捆扎；包装；打行李 (n.) 小包；包裹
(10)disagree (vi.) 不同意→disagreement (n.) 不同意→agree (vi.) 同意→agreement (n.) 同意
Ⅱ　阅读单词(1)loose (adj.) 松的；松开的
(2)series (n.) 连续；系列
(3)dusk (n.) 黄昏；傍晚
(4)thunder (vi.) 打雷；雷鸣 (n.) 雷；雷声
(5)entire (adj.) 整个的；完全的；全部的→entirely (adv.)完全地；全然地；整个地
(6)power (n.) 能力；力量；权力→powerful (adj.) 强大的；有力的→powerless (adj.) 无力的；没有能力的
(7)curtain (n.) 窗帘；门帘；幕布
(8)dusty (adj.) 积满灰尘的→dust (n.) 灰尘；尘土
(9)suitcase (n.) 手提箱；衣箱
(10)teenager (n.) 十几岁的青少年
(11)exactly (adv.) 确实如此；正是；确切地→exact (adj.) 精确的；准确的
(12)grateful (adj.) 感激的；表示谢意的
(13)tip (n.) 提示；技巧；尖；尖端；小费 (vt.) 倾斜；翻倒
　[单句语法填空]
1．She was deeply ________ (upset) about the way her son treated her.
答案：upset
2．________ (concern) about leftover food thrown away by students, my classmates and I had a heated discussion on how to solve the problem.
答案：Concerned
3．Founded in Moscow after the 1905 revolution, the company eventually ________ (settle) in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s.
答案：settled
4．Immediate action was taken to reduce the ________ (suffer) that the earthquake caused to the victims.
答案：sufferings
5．Good teamwork is a ________ (power) tool for effective management.
答案：powerful
6．Hopefully, you are doing well after the operation. Now I'd like to send my best wishes for your swift ________ (recover)．
答案：recovery
7．Faced with such a rarely­seen disaster, you act so ________ (calm) and bravely that we are all moved to tears.
答案：calmly
8．The street lights go on ________ dusk.
答案：at
9．Everyone is supposed to be in Room 120, next to the big classroom ________ (exact) at 2：30 pm, Monday.
答案：exactly
10．Camping ________ (outdoor) is my favorite way to enjoy nature while she prefers to stay indoors.
答案：outdoors

联想积累
1．“adv. ＋n.”构成的合成词
①outdoors adv. 在户外；在野外
outdoor adj. 户外的；露天的
②indoors adv. 在室内；往室内
indoor adj. 室内的；户内的
③upstairs adv. 在楼上；往楼上 adj. 楼上的
④downstairs adv. 在楼下；往楼下 adj. 楼下的
⑤uptown adv. 在/向城郊 adj. 在/向城郊的
⑥downtown adv. 在商业区/闹市区 adj. 商业区的；闹市区的
2．副词“完全地”家族
①entirely　　　　②totally
③wholly ④fully
⑤absolutely ⑥completely
3．“感谢”家族
①grateful adj. 感激的
gratitude n. 感激
②appreciate vt. 感激；感谢
appreciation n. 感激
③thank vt. 感谢
thankful adj. 感激的
④acknowledge vt. 感谢；承认
acknowledgement n. 鸣谢；感谢；承认
4．dis­否定前缀高频词集锦
①disagree vi. 不同意 ②dislike vt. 不喜欢
③discourage vt. 使气馁 ④discover vt. 发现
⑤disobey vt. 不服从 ⑥disability n. 残疾
⑦disadvantage n. 不利条件；弱点
⑧disappear vi. 消失
⑨disappoint vt. 使失望
⑩disclose vt. 揭开；泄露

1．add_up 合计
2．a_series_of 一连串的；一系列；一套
3．in_order_to 为了……
4．pack_(sth.)_up 将(东西)装箱打包
5．be_concerned_about 关心；挂念
6．get_along_with 与……相处；进展
7．go through 经历；经受
8．suffer from 遭受；患病
9．be/get tired of 对……厌烦
10．set down 记下；放下；登记
11．fall in love (with) 爱上……；和……谈恋爱
12．calm ( ... ) down (使)平静下来；(使)镇定下来
　[选词填空]
on purpose， go through， fall in love， suffer from， a series of， in order to， set down， calm down
1．Before listening, try to ________ by taking a deep breath or counting the numbers silently.
答案：calm down
2．He did it ________， knowing it would annoy her.
答案：on purpose
3．When you are ________ a crisis, it often helps to talk to someone.
答案：going through
4．Having read a few pages, she ________ with the book The Ordinary World.
答案：fell in love
5．________ encourage the students to take outdoor exercise, our school organized a mountain­climbing on April 10, in which dozens of us participated.
答案：In order to
6．To raise people's awareness of protecting our environment, they took ________ effective steps, thus arousing some positive changes.
答案：a series of
7．Many companies are ________ a shortage of skilled staff.
答案：suffering from
8．I wanted to ________ my feelings ________ on paper.
答案：set; down

联想积累
1．动词＋down(写、记)短语
①set down 记下；放下；登记
②write down 写下
③put down 记下；放下
④note down 记下　　⑤copy down 抄下
⑥take down 记下；记录；拆掉
2．与face to face相似的短语
①heart to heart 贴心地；诚恳地
②shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩
③hand in hand 手拉手
④neck and neck 齐头并进
⑤side by side 肩并肩
⑥step by step 一步一步地
3．“在……时刻”的表达
①at dusk 在黄昏　　②at dawn 在黎明
③at noon 在正午 ④at midnight 在午夜


课文原句
句式梳理
仿写训练
1.While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.
遛狗时，你不小心把狗松开了，它被车撞了。
while doing sth. “当做某事时”(当从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句主语为it，且从句谓语部分含有助动词be的某种形式时，常用省略句式，即省略从句主语和助动词be的相应形式。如果是主动关系，用现在分词doing；如果是被动关系，用过去分词done。)
________________ (做听力时), take notes when necessary, which may help you work out the details.
2.She and her family hid away for nearly twenty­five months before they were discovered.
她与家人躲藏了将近二十五个月之后才被发现。
before 过多久才……；
It isn't long before ... 不久就……
We took a taxi and ________________ (没多久就) we arrived at the gate of the Temple of Heaven.
答案：1.While listening　2.it wasn't long before

直击重点 突破考点


①　upset　adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的　vt. 使不安；使心烦；弄翻；搅乱(P1)

(1)单句语法填空
①Walking towards the scene, Tennyson became very upset ________ what had happened to the couple.
②She was upset ________ her application for the position was refused.
答案：①about　②that
(2)单句改错
She stood up suddenly, upset a glass of wine.
_______________________________________________________________
答案：upset前加and或upset→upsetting
(3)单句写作
①Hannah ____________. She couldn't understand why some people had to live their lives without shelter or enough food.
Hannah心里很不安。她不能理解为什么一些人不得不在没有庇护之所或没有足够的食物的情况下生活。
②Although his being late ________________________， we managed to make up for it eventually.
尽管他的迟到打乱了我们的安排，最终我们还是设法弥补了。
答案：①was very upset　②upset our arrangements

(1)be upset about sth. 为某事烦心
be upset that ... ……让人不安
(2)upset作动词时，还有“打翻；打乱；使(身体)不舒服”之意
upset one's stomach 使肠胃不适

(1)upset充当形容词时，常用作表语，不能作定语。
(2)upset的过去式和过去分词形式仍为upset；其现在分词形式为upsetting。

②　concern　vt. (使)担忧；涉及；关系到　n. 担心；关注；(利害)关系(P1)

(1)单句语法填空
①________ (concern) about the student, the teacher called his parents to find out why he was so often absent from class.
②This chapter concerns itself ________ the historical background.
答案：①Concerned　②with
(2)单句改错
He asked several questions concerned the future of the company.
______________________________________________________________
答案：concerned→concerning或concerned后加with
(3)单句写作
____________________， nothing is more convenient than WeChat Pay.
依我之见，没有什么比微信支付更方便的了。
答案：As far as I'm concerned

(1)concern oneself about 对……感兴趣
(2)concerned adj. 担心的；关心的；有关的
be concerned about/for 担心……；关心……
be concerned with 与……有关；涉及
as far as ... be concerned 就……而言；在……看来
(3)concerning prep. 有关；关于

(1)concern用作名词，表示“关怀，关心”时，是不可数名词，而表示“对某人来说关心或感兴趣的事”时，是可数名词。
(2)concerned作形容词充当前置定语时，意为“关心的，挂念的，担心的”；如果要表示“相关的，有关的”，作定语要后置。例如：a concerned look “关切的神色”；the authorities concerned “有关当局”。

③　settle　vt. 使定居；安排；解决　vi. 安家；定居；停留(P4)

(1)单句语法填空
①With the difficult problem ________ (settle), he went to the cinema with his friends.
②They failed to reach a ________ (settle), because they disagreed too much with each other.
答案：①settled　②settlement
(2)单句写作
①Through hard work on their own, these young people______________ in the capital city.
这些年轻人经过自身的努力，已经在首都定居下来。
②The schools where we volunteers are teaching ____________ the south of Mogao Caves in Dunhuang.
我们去支教的学校坐落在敦煌莫高窟南边。
答案：①have settled　②settle in

(1)settle down 安居下来；使平静下来
settle down to sth. 开始认真对待某事
settle in 在……居住；安顿下来
settle on/upon 就……达成协议；最后决定
(2)settler n. 移民；殖民者
settlement n. 定居；解决；协议

④　suffer　vt.& vi. 遭受；忍受；经历(P4)

(1)单句语法填空
①Mary is suffering ________ ill health at the moment.
②The old man is said to have gone through varieties of ________ (suffer) during the war.
答案：①from　②sufferings
(2)单句写作
①It was because the company ____________________ that they had to conduct reform and innovation.
正是因为公司遭受了重大损失，他们才不得不进行改革创新。
②It is your duty to remind those friends __________________ heart trouble that they have to take some medicine with them wherever they go.
你有责任提醒患有心脏病的朋友，无论走到哪里都要随身带药。
答案：①suffered great loss　②suffering from

(1)suffer vt. 遭受；忍受
如：suffer pain/defeat/loss/poverty/hunger/hardship 遭受痛苦/失败/损失/贫穷/饥饿/苦难
(2)suffer用作不及物动词时，后常接from，表示“受……折磨；受……之苦；患某种疾病”
如：suffer from a bad cold/headaches/trouble/overwork/floods/droughts/a natural disaster
得了重感冒/遭受头疼/遭受麻烦/劳累过度/遭受水灾/遭受干旱/遭受自然灾害
(3)suffering n. [U](指肉体或精神上遭受的)痛苦；疼痛；困难 [C]痛苦/苦恼的事
(4)sufferer n. 患病者；受苦者；受害者

⑤　recover　vt.& vi. 痊愈；恢复；重新获得(P4)

(1)单句语法填空
①With the good care of the nurses, the boy is gradually recovering ________ his heart operation.
②The owner has offered a reward for the ________ (recover) of the stolen goods.
答案：①from　②recovery
(2)单句写作
Watching the video Masters in Forbidden City, I realized that they __________________ of the charm in our cultural relics.
看了录像《我在故宫修文物》，我意识到他们是在修复我们文化遗产的魅力。
答案：were making a recovery

(1)recover one's strength/balance 恢复体力/身体平衡
recover from 从……中恢复过来
(2)recovery n. 恢复；复苏；痊愈；取回；复得
make a recovery from ... (＝recover from ... ) 从……中恢复过来


①　add up 合计；加起来(P1)

(1)单句语法填空
①The teacher asked me if I was ready, ________ (add) that everybody was waiting for me at the school gate.
②Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in ________ to seasonal specials.
答案：①adding　②addition
(2)单句写作
①The time that Lily spent learning T'ai Chi ________________ no more than 3 years.
李丽学习太极的时间加起来不过三年。
②I'm fully convinced that these little steps ____________ to create a more beautiful environment.
我完全相信，一件件小事汇聚到一起可以创造出一个更美的环境。
答案：①added up to　②add up

(1)add sth. to sth. 把某物加到/进某物里
add up to 加起来共计/达(不用于被动语态)
add to 增加；增添
(2)add that ... 补充说……
(3)addition n. 加；(数)加法；增加
in addition 另外；此外(还有)
in addition to 除……之外

②　go through 经历；经受；检查；实行；用完；通过；浏览(P2)

(1)写出下列句子中go through的含义
①This year we have gone through too many natural disasters, such as earthquakes, floods and mudslides.
________
②Her application went through and she was employed.________
③We spent days going through all related reference materials.________
④The boys went through two whole loaves of bread.________
答案：①经历　②通过；批准　③检查；浏览　④用完；耗尽
(2)单句写作
①________________ The Old Man and the Sea, I was deeply impressed by the determination of Santiago.
浏览过《老人与海》，我深深地被Santiago的执着精神所打动。
②We'll ______________ some poor students until they finish their college education.
我们会帮助一些贫困生直到他们大学毕业。
答案：①Looking through　②see through

look through 翻查；翻找；(假装)没有注意到
get through 接通电话；完成；(艰难地)到达/抵达；用完
break through 突破；突围
live through 经受住
see through 看穿；识破；帮助……度过(困难)

③　get along/on with 与……相处；进展(P6)

单句写作
①We were held up for materials at first, but now we are ________________ quite nicely.
我们起初因为材料被延误，但是现在进行得十分顺利。
②While the students came from different countries, they ______________ in the summer camp.
尽管学生们来自不同的国家，可是他们在夏令营相处得很好。
③It's time that we ________________ reading A Dream of Red Mansions.
我们该认真阅读《红楼梦》了。
④With the help of the teacher, he ______________ his bad habits.
在老师的帮助下，他摆脱了不良习惯。
答案：①getting along/on　②got along/on well　③got down to　④got rid of

get along/on (well/nicely) with sb. 与某人相处得(好)
get along/on (well/nicely/smoothly) with sth. 某事进展得(好/顺利)
get down to 开始认真做；开始着手做
get over 克服；摆脱
get rid of 消灭；摆脱；除掉


①　[教材原句]The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; it was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face. (P2)
漆黑的夜晚，风雨交加，电闪雷鸣，我全然被这种力量镇住了，这是我一年半来第一次目睹夜晚。

(1)单句语法填空
①It is the second time that you ________ (fail) in the experiment. It is time that you ________ (reflect) upon your mistakes.
②I can well remember there was a time ________ my parents worked hard day and night to support the family.
答案：①have failed; reflected/should reflect　②when
(2)单句改错
She said that it was the second time that the boy has asked the same question.
_______________________________________________________________
答案：has→had

(1)It/This/That is/was the first (second/third ... ) time that ... 某人第一(二/三……)次做某事，该句型当主句为一般现在时时，从句的谓语动词用现在完成时；当主句为一般过去时时，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。
(2)It is ＋(high) time ＋ that ... 是该做某事的时候了(从句的谓语动词用一般过去时或should＋动词原形)
(3)It is time (for sb.) to do sth. 是该(某人)做某事的时候了
(4)There was a time when ... 一度/曾经……

②　[教材原句]Mother asked her if/whether she was very hot with so many clothes on. (P5)
妈妈问她穿那么多衣服是不是很热。

(1)单句语法填空
①He asked ________ we were going away that day.
②He said ________ his bike was stolen and that he would have to telephone the police.
答案：①if/whether　②that
(2)单句改错
①She said that she has not heard from him since May.
___________________________________________________________
②The teacher said the moon moved around the earth.
__________________________________________________________
答案：①has→had　②moved→moves
(3)单句写作
①He asked me __________________________ to appreciate the lanterns on Lantern Festival.
他问我元宵节是否去赏灯。
②With curiosity, he asked me ________________ to practise calligraphy.
他好奇地问，我是什么时候开始练习书法的。
答案：①if/whether I would go　②when I began

陈述句和疑问句的直接引语和间接引语：
(1)直接引语就是直接引述别人的原话，把它放在引号内。间接引语就是转述别人的话。
(2)直接引语和间接引语相互转换的一般规则：
①直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导(that在口语中常省略)，从句中的人称、时态、
指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应变化。但是当引述的是客观事实和真理等内容时，间接引语中的时态不必改变。
②直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，用陈述句语序(主语在谓语动词的前面)，句末用句号。主语的人称、时态和状语等也要作相应的变化。
a．直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，谓语动词是say或said时，要改为ask/asked，原问句变为由连词if或whether引导的宾语从句。没有间接宾语的，可视情况加上。
b．直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，变为由原疑问词引导的宾语从句。
课文回练 升华运用

Anne, a Jewish girl, __1__ (hide) away from the German Nazis with her family for nearly 25 months __2__ they were discovered.
During her stay in the hiding place, Anne set __3__ in her diary a series of things she was going through. As far as she __4__ (concern), her diary was her best friend to __5__ she could tell everything. There was a time __6__ she grew very crazy about everything __7__ (do) with nature. Once she stayed upstairs at night on purpose, which was the first time in a year and a half that she __8__ (see) that beautiful scene face to face. At that moment she was held __9__ (entire) in the power of nature. What a poor and brave girl she was! In her mind, she thought nature was one thing that really must __10__ (experience)． __7__
All in all, friendship is what we should value in our daily life.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
答案：1.hid　2.before　3.down　4.was concerned　5.whom　6.when　7.to do　8.had seen　9.entirely　10.be experienced

基础达标 自主训练

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It was when I got back to my apartment ________ I first came across my new neighbors.
答案：that　本句是强调句。被强调部分是时间状语，故应填that。
2．Lily can't fall asleep, extremely ________ (concern) about the result of her maths test.
答案：concerned　短语be concerned about ... “担忧，挂念……”，本句中逗号后没有连词，故逗号后的部分为状语，此处应用形容词短语作伴随状语。
3．It's no pleasure ________ (go) camping on such a foggy day.
答案：going　It's no pleasure doing sth. “做某事没有乐趣”。
4．The little boy is clever enough to have no trouble ________ (find) his house without others' help.
答案：finding　have no trouble doing sth. “做某事没困难”。
5．There was no ________ (agree), and the proposal was accepted.
答案：disagreement　由no可知，本空应填名词，再由后一分句“建议被接受了”可知，应填名词disagreement。
6．He happened ________ (know) the secret, so I needn't tell him.
答案：to have known　happen to do sth. “碰巧做某事”，再由后一并列分句“没有必要告诉他”可知，前一分句谓语部分应用不定式的完成式。
7．He set his alarm clock before going to bed in order ________ (get) up earlier than usual the next morning.
答案：to get　in order to do sth. “为了做某事”。
8．Several weeks had gone by ________ they knew the painting was missing.
答案：before　before引导的时间状语从句，表示“在……以前”，从句常用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。
9．While ________ (wait) for the bus by the roadside, I found a wallet on the ground.
答案：waiting　时间状语从句的主语和主句主语一致，且从句谓语部分含有be动词，故从句中省略主语和be动词，填waiting。while waiting可看作是while I was waiting的省略。
10．The windows haven't been cleaned for at least a year and are ________ (dust) now.
答案：dusty　dusty “脏的，布满尘土的”，是形容词，在此处作表语。
Ⅱ.单句写作
1．When ________________ (遇到困难), you can turn to your parents for help.
答案：having trouble
2．I'm writing to you, ______________ (想知道是否) you have time to fly kites this weekend.
答案：wondering if/whether
3．________ with the great pleasure ________ I sincerely invite you to attend our coming­of­age ceremony.
诚邀您参加我们的成人仪式，我的确万分荣幸。
答案：It is; that
4．__________________________________________________________
该是我们采取措施保护环境的时候了。(It's time that ... )
答案：It's time that we took/should take measures to protect the environment.
5．______________________________________________________________
老师告诉我，有志者事竟成。
答案：The teacher told me that where there is a will, there is a way.
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·新疆维吾尔自治区普通高考第二次适应性检测)People use the word “friend” in a __1__ (various) of ways. A friend can mean anything from an acquaintance (泛泛之交) to someone you've known. Whoever they are, friends are an important part of life at every stage.
For some people, making friends is easy. For others, it can be __2__ struggle. It's easy for people who know how to connect with others. But you don't need to be clever or __3__ (charm) to make friends. People who make friends easily know how to be __4__ (them). There's an old saying, “A friend is someone who knows you well—and __5__ (like) you anyway. ”
There are three simple things you can do to make friends. First, you have to like yourself. Make a list of your __6__ (strong), talents and achievements. That way, when you meet new people, you'll know __7__ you have to share. Next, learn how to listen. To succeed in friendships, you need to show an interest __8__ others. Ask questions about other people. Finally, it's a good idea __9__ (join) a club or take a class. That way, you can meet people who have similar interests. Good friends __10__ (usual) like the same things.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10.________

1．variety　考查词性转换。a variety of意为“各种各样的”，固定搭配。
2．a　考查冠词。此处struggle为可数名词，表示“挣扎”，此处表示泛指，且struggle的发音以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。
3．charming　考查词性转换。根据句意可知此处与clever为两个并列的形容词，故用形容词charming。
4．themselves　考查代词。句意：那些交朋友很容易的人明白如何做自己。此处代指“People who make friends easily”，故应用themselves。
5．likes　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处是对一般情况的描述，应用一般现在时，且此处和knows并列作谓语，故填likes。
6．strengths　考查词性转换。根据后面的“talents and achievements”并结合句意可知，此处应用名词；且strength作“优点”讲时为可数名词，所以用strengths。
7．what　考查宾语从句的连接词。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句，在从句中作share的宾语，故用what引导该宾语从句。
8．in　考查固定搭配。interest in ... 意为“对……感兴趣”，为固定搭配。
9．to join　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处是it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语，故填to join。
10．usually　考查词性转换。空格处修饰动词like，故用副词形式usually。
Ⅳ.短文改错
In order to promote participation in outdoors exercise, our school organized an activity to climb Mount Tai on April 10. The majority of my classmates joined the activity.
Early in the morning, having assembled outside the school gate, we head straight to Mount Tai. We set out for the top in high spirits when the moment we arrived at the foot of the mountain. In a course of the climb, we cooperated with each other to pass the rocky and steep areas. Laughing and cheering, we eventually reached the summit, which we were greeted by the bright sunshine and fresh air. Viewing from the top, the city was beautiful. Bathed in the warm sunshine, we entertained us with stories, songs, dances and game.
This event was extremely beneficial for not only did we take a break from our heavy school workload, but we also learned how to cooperate. Therefore, we strongly suggest that similar events are held every year!
答案：
In order to promote participation in exercise, our school organized an activity to climb Mount Tai on April 10. The majority of my classmates joined the activity.
Early in the morning, having assembled outside the school gate, we straight to Mount Tai. We set out for the top in high spirits the moment we arrived at the foot of the mountain. In course of the climb, we cooperated with each other to pass the rocky and steep areas. Laughing and cheering, we eventually reached the summit, we were greeted by the bright sunshine and fresh air. from the top, the city was beautiful. Bathed in the warm sunshine, we entertained with stories, songs, dances and .
This event was extremely beneficial for not only did we take a break from our heavy school workload, but we also learned how to cooperate. Therefore, we strongly suggest that similar events held every year!
难项分析：
第一处：outdoors→outdoor　考查形容词。outdoors意为“在露天，在户外”，是副词；outdoor意为“(在)户外的，(在)室外的”，是形容词，此处需要用形容词修饰名词。
第二处：joined后加in　考查介词。join的宾语一般是sb.或组织团体等，表示成为其中的一员。join in等于take part in，它们的宾语都是如比赛/竞赛/考试等各种各样的活动。
第四处：去掉when　考查连词。“the moment＋句子”用来引导状语从句，意为“一……就”，所以when是多余的，应去掉when。