2021高三全国统考英语（话题版）一轮学案：第1编话题五Book8Unit1Alandofdiversity

 1．These population figures refect the fact that the United States is an urban nation.这些人口数字反映了美国是一个城市国家的事实。2．Americans of Hispanic origin was the largest ethnic minority. African Americans are the second largest minority group.西班牙裔美国人是最大的少数民族。非洲裔美国人是第二大少数民族。3．New York is known for its culture diversity.纽约以其文化多样性著称。4．Asian Americans live across the country, and also found in large numbers in New York City, Chicago, Boston, Houston, and other urban centers.亚裔美国人生活在美国各地，纽约市、芝加哥、波士顿、休斯顿和其他城市中心都有很多人。 自主排查 夯基固本Ⅰ　核心单词(1)means (n.) 手段；方法→meaning (n.) 意思→mean (vt.) 意味着；打算→meaningful (adj.) 有意义的(2)majority (n.) 大多数；大半→major (adj.) 主要的 (vi.) 主修→minority (n.) 少数；少数派；少数民族(一般用复数)→minor (adj.) 较小的；次要的(3)elect (vt.) 选择；决定做某事；选举某人→election (n.) 选举(4)boom (n.) (人口、贸易的)繁荣 (vi.) 处于经济迅速发展时期(5)occur (vi.) 发生；出现→occurred (过去式/过去分词)→occurrence (n.) 事件；发生的事(6)indicate (vt.) 指出；标示；表明；暗示→indication (n.) 迹象；标示(7)slip (vi.) 滑动；滑行；滑跤 (n.) 滑动；滑倒→slipper (n.) 拖鞋→slippery (adj.) 滑的(8)hire (vt.& n．) 租用；雇用→fire (vt.) 解雇(9)nowhere (adv.) 无处；到处都无(10)reform (vt.& vi.) 改革；革新 (n.) 改革；改造；改良Ⅱ　阅读单词(1)distinct (adj.) 清晰的；明显的；明确的(2)percentage (n.) 百分比；百分率(3)racial (adj.) 人种的；种族的(4)crossing (n.) 横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道(5)applicant (n.) 申请人(6)customs (n.) 海关；关税；进口税(7)luggage (n.) 行李(8)punishment (n.) 处罚；惩罚(9)grasp (vt.& n．) 抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会(10)thankful (adj.) 感激的；感谢的　[单句语法填空]1．Besides, I have such a good command of English that I ________ (elect) as assistant to my English teacher.答案：am elected2．Jack was working in the lab when the power cut ________ (occur)．答案：occurred3．I couldn't understand the word's ________ (mean)．答案：meaning4．All the ________ (apply) should fill in the form first.答案：applicants5．One of the ________ (majority) problems is that they can't raise enough money.答案：major6．Walk along the street and turn left at the first ________ (cross)．答案：crossing7．The ________ (customs) of lighting the Olympic flame goes back centuries.答案：custom8．Did he give you any ________ (indicate) of his feelings?答案：indication9．The people there suffered many ________ (hard) during that long winter.答案：hardships10．The road is ________ (slip) and you'd better slow down.答案：slippery 联想积累与“雇用、辞退”有关的词汇全接触①hire n．& v. 雇用②employ vt. 雇用③fire vt. 解雇④dismiss vt. 解雇⑤lay off 解雇；下岗⑥take on 雇用 1．live_on　继续存在；继续生存2．by means of ...   用……方法；借助……3．make_a_life  习惯于新的生活方式、工作等4．keep_up  坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)5．back_to_back   背靠背6．team up with  与……合作或一起工作7．mark out  用线画出范围；标出……界线8．take in  包括；吸收9．a great/good many  许多；很多10．apply for  申请；请示得到　[选词填空]keep up， apply for， mark out， a great/good many， make a life， team up with1．In the coming three years, our school life will be challenging and you will try to ________ for yourself.答案：make a life2．________ houses were knocked down by the earthquake.答案：A great/good many3．When you are reading an article, you'd better ________ the key words and topic sentences.答案：mark out4．I'm writing to ________ the position as a student volunteer.答案：apply for5．You can ________ another classmate if you can't finish it on time.答案：team up with6．In some rural places of China, some people still ________ their traditional lifestyles.答案：keep up 联想积累“动词＋in”短语荟萃①take in 包括；吸收；欺骗②break in 闯入③give in 屈服；让步；投降④turn in 上交⑤arrive in 到达(较大地方)⑥consist in 在于；存在于⑦join in 参加⑧result in 导致⑨book in 办理入住登记手册⑩check in 登记入住⑪fill in 填写⑫hand in 上交⑬get in 收获；到达⑭put in 安装(设备)；插嘴⑮cut in 插嘴；强行超车  课文原句句式梳理仿写训练The nearest, and therefore the first to arrive, were South Americans and people from the United States.距离最近因而来得最早的是南美洲人和美国人。“the first＋to do”结构，意为“第一个做某事的人”。类似用法：the＋序数词＋to do。The prize will be awarded to __________________ the finishing line.奖品将颁发给第一个到达终点线的人。 答案：the first to reach
直击重点 突破考点①　means　n. 手段；方法(单复数同形)(P2)(1)单句语法填空①Every possible means ________ (try), but none works.②I've tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means ________ (be) the teacher satisfied with my progress.答案：①has been tried　②is(2)单句写作①Only ______________ will you succeed.只有用这种方法你才会成功。②Students sometimes enrich their life ____________ part－time jobs.学生们有时通过做兼职工作丰富他们的生活。答案：①by this means　②by means ofby this means 用这种方法by means of  借助于；通过……方法by no means 决不；一点也不by all means (用于交际英语表示同意)当然可以；没问题(1)means用作“方式；方法”时单复数同形。若all/some/several/many means作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；若every/each/one/a means作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。(2)by no means 位于句首时，句子应部分倒装。 ②　majority　n. 大多数；大半(P2)(1)单句语法填空The majority ________ (be) in favor of the suggestion at the meeting.答案：was/were(2)单句写作①In fact, he inspired me ______________ English in college.事实上，他激励我在大学里主修英语专业。②When it comes to education, ________________ people believe that it is a lifelong career.说到教育，大部分人认为其是终生的事业。答案：①to major in　②the majority of(1)the majority of    大多数be in a/the majority    构成大多数/大部分(2)major    vi.专修；主攻 adj.主要的 n．专业major in    主修(3)minority    n．少数；少数派；少数民族(一般用复数)(1)当the majority of ... 作主语时，谓语动词的数与of后的名词保持一致。(2)当the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数都可以。 ③　occur　vi. 发生；出现(P5)(1)单句语法填空I was going along the street looking for a place to park when the accident ________ (occur)．答案：occurred(2)单句写作①________________ that I knew how to solve that problem.我突然想起我知道怎样解决那个问题。②If any of these symptoms ________ while you are taking the medicine, consult your doctor immediately.服药期间如果产生了这些症状中的任何一种，要立即就医。答案：①It occurred to/struck/hit me　②occurssth. occurs to sb. 某人突然想起某事It occurs to/strikes/hits sb. that 某人突然想起It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人想到要做某事occur为不及物动词，意为“发生；出现”，相当于happen，不能用于被动语态。 ④　indicate　vt. 指出；标示；表明；暗示(P7)(1)单句语法填空①With a nod of his head he indicated ________ me where I should sit.②He gave no ________ (indicate) that he was ready to compromise.答案：①to　②indication(2)单句改错①The bell indicated the end of the class rang, interrupting our heated discussion._________________________________________________________________②It is no indication that there will be an earthquake.____________________________________________________________答案：①indicated→indicating　②It→There(1)indicate sth. to sb.    向某人指出/暗示某物/事indicate that ...     示意；表明；暗示；说明(2)indication n.    暗示；表明；预兆；指示There is no indication that ... 没有迹象表明……There are (clear) indications that ... 有(明显的)迹象表明…… ①　make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等(P2)(1)单句语法填空①They settled down in Canada and made ________ life for themselves.②She had to look for part－time jobs these years ________ (make) a living.答案：①a　②to make(2)单句改错They moved to a new city last year and it was difficult for them to make the life there.________________________________________________________________答案：the→a(1)make/earn a/one's living 谋生(2)live/lead a ... life    过着……生活  come (back) to life    苏醒；变得活跃；恢复生气bring ... back to life    使……苏醒过来；给……活力 ②　take in 包括；领会；理解；欺骗；收留；吸收(P8)(1)单句语法填空Women are usually ________ (take) in to buy a lot of things that they don't really need.答案：taken(2)写出下列句中take in的含义①The farmer took in the lost travelers for the night.________②While reading popular science books, we can take in more basic knowledge.________③The United Kingdom takes in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.________④Lacking necessary social experience, teenagers tend to be taken in by ill people.________⑤Before you translate a sentence, you should first take in the meaning of the words.________答案：①收留　②吸收　③包括　④欺骗　⑤理解take apart 拆开；打败；抨击(论点等)take back 收回；退回；使……回忆起昔日take care of 照料take down 往下拽；拆卸；记下take it easy 别紧张；慢慢来take over 接替；接收；接管take off 脱下(衣服等)；起飞；大获成功take on 承担；呈现take one's place 入座；代替某人的位置take one's time 不急；慢慢来take up 开始从事；着手处理；占用(时间或空间)；继续 ③　a great many 很多；许多(修饰可数名词)(P8)(1)单句语法填空①Our institute has ordered a great many ________ (instrument) from the company.②A good many new books ________ (publish) by the Foreign Language Press last month.答案：①instruments　②were published(2)单句改错①These pupils have read a good many of books on popular science.___________________________________________________________②A great many students in our school has taken an active part in the movement against pollution.___________________________________________________________答案：①去掉of　②has→have(1)(2)＋不可数名词＋单数谓语(3)(4) ①　[教材原句]However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.(P2)然而，美洲土著人很可能在至少15,000年前就住在加利福尼亚了。(1)单句语法填空①________ is likely that he will not come to the party tonight. He is so busy.②The more stress you are under, the ________ (likely) you are to catch a cold.答案：①It　②more likely(2)单句写作__________________ you will meet some difficulties while reading the novel.＝__________________ meet some difficulties while reading the novel.在阅读这本小说时你很可能会遇到困难。答案：It is likely that; You are likely toIt is likely that ... “很可能……”。本句中it为形式主语，真正的主语为that从句。此句型可转化为：Sb. be likely to do sth. “某人可能做某事”。 likely①It is likely＋that从句②Sb. is likely to do sth.但无此表述：“It is likely for sb. to do sth.”possible①It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.②It is possible＋that从句但不作“Sb. is possible to do sth.”这种表述probableIt is probable＋that从句②　[教材原句]By the time California elected to become the thirty－first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society.(P2)到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第31个州的时候，它已经是一个有着多元文化的社会了。(1)单句语法填空①By the time they arrived, the stranger ________ (go) away.②By the time she gets home, her mother ________ (leave) for London to attend a meeting.答案：①had gone　②will have left(2)单句写作For something, we can't understand when we are young but ____________ we understand, we are no longer young.有些事情，当我们年轻的时候无法懂得，当我们懂得的时候已不再年轻。答案：by the timeby the time意为“到……的时候(为止)”，是一个介词短语，在句中起连词作用，引导时间状语从句。其用法如下：(1)如从句谓语是一般过去时，则主句常用过去完成时。(2)如从句谓语是一般现在时，则主句用将来完成时。(3)如主句动作不强调已经完成，只是说明某个时候的状况，此时主句不用完成时，而应根据实际需要选用适当的时态，此时by the time相当于when(主句多是be的系表结构形式)。 课文回练 升华运用Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. However, __1__ is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. Scientists believe that these settlers __2__ (cross) the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. In the l6th century, after the __3__ (arrive) of the Europeans, the native people suffered __4__ (great). Thousands were  killed  or  forced  into  slavery. __5__ addition, many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans. However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans __6__ (live) in California than in any other state. In the 18th century California __7__ (rule) by Spain. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took __8__ (they)  land.  Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States. Of __9__ first Spanish to go to California,  the majority were religious men, __10__ ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________答案：1.it　2.crossed　3.arrival 　4.greatly　5.In　6.living　7.was ruled　8.their　9.the　10.whose 基础达标 自主训练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．They are likely ____________ (fire) by the company just because of their fault.答案：to be fired　Sb. be likely to do sth. “某人可能做某事”。主语they与fire之间为被动关系，故应填不定式的被动形式。2．The majority of the interviewees ________ (prefer) watching TV at home to going to the cinema.答案：prefer　the majority of ... 作主语时，谓语动词的数与of后的名词保持一致。由interviewees可知谓语动词应用复数形式。3．It suddenly occurred ________ him that he should offer a helping hand.答案：to　It (suddenly) occurred/occurs to sb. that ... “某人突然想起某事”。4．Whoever breaks the school rules will surely receive ________ (punish)．答案：punishment　句中动词receive后缺宾语，故应填名词punishment作宾语。5．We should not have ________ (race) discrimination.答案：racial　句中缺少一形容词来修饰名词discrimination, 故填racial “种族的”。6．She became the first black woman ________ (elect) to the Senate.答案：to be elected　当名词或代词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，则常用动词不定式来充当其后置定语，且black woman与elect之间为被动关系，故填to be elected。7．He couldn't express himself correctly ________ means of words.答案：by　by means of ... “借助于；用……；通过……方法”。8．She ________ (slip) out of the house before the others were awake.答案：slipped　句意：她趁别人还没醒，溜出了房子。分析句子结构可知，该空为句子的谓语动词，由从句中动词时态were可知，应用一般过去时。9．________ (hire) a car, you must produce a passport and a current driving license.答案：To hire　句意：若想租车，你需要出示护照及当前驾照。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。10．By the time she knew the news, John ________ (fly) to America.答案：had flown　由By the time引导的从句的时态为一般过去时可知，主句应用过去完成时，表示主句动作发生在从句动作之前，故应填had flown。Ⅱ.单句写作1．__________________ (大家相信) the couple have left the country. 答案：It is believed that2．Seeing what we were doing, __________ (许多) passengers smiled at us in approval.答案：a good/great many3．When delivering a speech, sometimes you can make yourself understood __________________ an example.演讲的时候，有时你可以通过举例使大家明白。答案：by means of4．______________________________________________________________我意识到我们每个人都应该保护我们奇妙的大自然。(occur)答案：It occurs/occurred to me that our wonderful nature should be protected by everyone.5．____________________________________________________________树木吸收二氧化碳释放氧气。答案：Trees take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen.Ⅲ.语法填空(2020·广西柳州市高三上学期摸底考试)We've all heard that breakfast is __1__ most important meal in the day. It may actually be true. Recently, a study of more than 50,000 adults aged 30 and older __2__ (find) that people who have breakfast are more likely to lose __3__ (weigh) than those who don't eat a morning meal. Other studies connect not eating breakfast __4__ a higher risk of high blood pressure, heart disease and so on. However, it's not just when you eat that matters, but __5__ you eat also matters. __6__ (keep) fit, you should have a balanced diet with protein, fiber and healthy fats, which is the key to a satisfying __7__ nutritious breakfast. If you want to keep __8__ (you) from being hungry later of the day, you'd better eat within 90 minutes after waking up. Also, coffee drunk on an empty stomach is not recommended because it can be __9__ (harm)to your body. There is an old saying that advises “Eat breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince, and dinner like a beggar.” It is worth __10__ (follow). 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________9．________　10.________篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，吃早餐的人更有可能减肥，不吃早餐的人更有可能患高血压、心脏病。显而易见，早餐对人体是多么的重要。1．the　考查冠词。此处是形容词最高级作定语，故填the。2．has found　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语recently可知谓语动词用现在完成时，主语是a study，故填has found。3．weight　考查词性转换。lose weight “减肥”，固定短语，故填weight。4．with　考查介词。connect ... with ... 固定搭配，“把……和……联系”，故填with。5．what　考查主语从句的连接词。设空处所在句为主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，故填what。6．To keep　考查非谓语动词。句意：为了保持健康，你应该吃含有蛋白质、纤维和健康的脂肪的均衡饮食……不定式作目的状语，故填To keep。7．and　考查连词。前后是并列关系，故填and。8．yourself　考查代词。句意：如果你想这一天不饿的话，你最好在醒来后九十分钟内吃东西。此处反身代词作宾语，故填yourself。9．harmful　考查词性转换。be harmful to固定短语，“对……有害”，故填harmful。10．following　考查非谓语动词。be worth doing，固定短语，“值得做……”，故填following。Ⅳ.短文改错Dear Jack，I'm sorry to hear that you failed in the last final math exam, but which worries me most is that you are in low spirit when facing failure.As senior three students, we all had taken examinations of different types and experienced failure as well as success. It is no doubt that we should take positive attitudes towards our setbacks. We should spare no effort to analyzing the cause of failure,  which can help us avoid repeating the similar mistakes. Only when we figure out why we fail can we make a progress in our study. As for your anxiety, I think doing some sports can do good  you.  It can give you some time to be refreshing in not only the body but also the mind so that we can go on with your learning energetically and efficiently.I hope all of the above can help you a lot.  Let's work hardly together and turn our dream into reality.Yours，Li Hua答案：Dear Jack，I'm sorry to hear that you failed in the last final math exam, but  worries me most is that you are in low  when facing failure.As senior three students, we all  taken examinations of different types and experienced failure as well as success.  is no doubt that we should take positive attitudes towards our setbacks. We should spare no effort to  the cause of failure,  which can help us avoid repeating the similar mistakes. Only when we figure out why we fail can we make  progress in our study. As for your anxiety, I think doing some sports can do good  you.  It can give you some time to be  in not only the body but also the mind so that  can go on with your learning energetically and efficiently.I hope all of the above can help you a lot.  Let's work  together and turn our dream into reality.Yours，Li Hua难项分析：第一处：which→what　考查主语从句的连接词。分析句子结构可知，but连接两个并列句，其后不是定语从句，故不能用which引导；连接词引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示“所……的事”，故用what。第二处：spirit→spirits　考查名词。in low spirits为固定词组，意为“情绪低落”。第四处：It→There　考查固定句式。There is no doubt that ... “毫无疑问，……”，是固定句型。