2021高三全国统考英语（话题版）一轮学案：第1编话题六Book8Unit3Inventorsandinventions





1．Seeing our model plane flying overhead steadily, they couldn't help clapping their hands, which made us have a sense of achievement.
看到我们的模型飞机在上方平稳飞行，他们情不自禁拍手祝贺，这使我们有一种成就感。
2．Seeing our excellent performance, they couldn't help cheering us up, which brought us a sense of satisfaction.
看到我们的精彩表演，他们情不自禁为我们欢呼，这使我们产生一种满足感。
3．Only through this experience did I realize that pride and satisfaction came from putting our creative ideas into practice.
只有通过这次经历，我才认识到自豪和满足来自于我们把自己的创意变为现实。
4．Ever since the first prehistoric stone tools, humans have lived in a world shaped by invention.
自从史前第一批石器开始，人类就生活在一个由发明来塑造的世界里。
自主排查 夯基固本

Ⅰ　　核心单词
(1)distinguish (vi.& vt.) 显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别→distinguished (adj.) 杰出的；著名的
(2)merciful (adj.) 宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的→mercy (n.) 宽恕；仁慈
(3)convenient (adj.) 便利的；方便的；就近的→convenience (n.) 方便；便利→conveniently (adv.) 便利地；方便地
(4)caution (n.) 小心；谨慎→cautious (adj.) 小心的；谨慎的→cautiously (adv.) 小心地；谨慎地
(5)expectation (n.) 预料；期待；期望→expect (vt.) 期待；期望→unexpected (adj.) 想不到的；意外的→unexpectedly (adv.) 出乎意料地
(6)seize (vt.) 抓住；捉住；夺
(7)file (n.) 文件；档案；文件夹 (vt.) 提交；将……归档
(8)freezing (adj.) 冰冻的；严寒的→freeze (v.) 冰冻→frozen (adj.) 冷冻的
(9)bear (vt.) 忍受；忍耐；负担
(10)tap (vt.& vi.) 轻打；轻拍；轻敲 (n.) 轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头
(11)associate (vt.) 联想；联系 (n.) 同伴；伙伴→association (n.) 协会；社团；联合；联想
Ⅱ　　阅读单词
(1)product (n.) 产品
(2)abrupt (adj.) 突然的；意外的
(3)passive (adj.) 被动的；消极的；被动语态的
(4)merry (adj.) 愉快的；高兴的
(5)ripe (adj.) 熟的；成熟的
(6)innocent (adj.) 清白的；无罪的；天真的
(7)jam (n.) 堵塞；阻塞；果酱
(8)current (n.) (水或气)流；电流 (adj.) 现在的；当前的
(9)stable (adj.) 稳固的；稳定的；安定的
(10)practical (adj.) 实际的；实践的；实用的
　[单句语法填空]
1．Ordered over a week ago, the books ________ (expect) to arrive any time now.
答案：are expected
2．The bus came to an ________ (abruptly) stop, making many passengers fall off their seats.
答案：abrupt
3．The car is a ________ (convenience) means of transport, but we have made it our way of life.
答案：convenient
4．Your suggestion sounds reasonable and ________ (practice)．
答案：practical
5．When the ice is heated above ________ (freeze) point, it begins to change into a liquid state.
答案：freezing
6．He is a ________ (caution) man and is always doing things with caution.
答案：cautious
7．There is much ________ (associate) between success and hard work.
答案：association
8．The king showed no ________ (merciful) and killed the prisoners.
答案：mercy
9．He was one of Australia's most ________ (distinguish) artists.
答案：distinguished
10．________ (product) has dropped while prices and unemployment have risen.
答案：Production
联想积累
1．表示“抓住”的相关词语一览
①seize vt. 抓住；捉住　　②catch vt. 抓住；接住
③grasp vt. 抓住；掌握 ④catch hold of 抓住
⑤get hold of 抓住
2．“社会交往”之“警告、提醒、禁止、要求与命令”
①caution 小心 ②cautious 小心的
③attention 注意 ④forbid 禁止
⑤ban 禁止 ⑥remind 提醒
⑦warn 警告 ⑧be aware of 意识到
⑨look out 当心 ⑩take care 小心
⑪watch out 当心；注意
⑫claim 声张；声称；自称；断言
⑬command 命令；控制
⑭demand 要求
⑮force 强迫 order 命令
⑰request 请求 ⑱require 要求

1．call_up　给……打电话
2．now_and_then 偶尔；有时
3．set_about 开始；着手
4．dive_into 迅速把手伸入；一心投入
5．set_out_(to_do) 开始(做)
6．hang on 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住
7．out of order 次序颠倒；发生故障
8．get through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过
9．ring back 回复电话
10．ring off 挂断电话
　[选词填空]

1．Having made up his mind, Frank ________ to carry out the plan immediately.
答案：set out
2．My grandfather still plays tennis ________， even though he's in his nineties.
答案：now and then
3．It is love and responsibility that have driven him to ________ many hardships and survive.
答案：get through
4．I'm sorry, but I've to ________ now. I have a meeting to attend.
答案：ring off
5．________ to your present job until you can get another.
答案：Hang on
6．My clock was ________ and woke me up at 3 this morning.
答案：out of order
联想积累
1．“有时”词汇全接触
①now and then
②now and again
③from time to time
④once in a while
⑤sometimes
⑥at times
2．表示“开始/着手做某事”的短语精选
①get down to doing sth.
②set out to do sth.
③set about doing sth.
④settle down to sth.
⑤start/begin doing/to do sth.

课文原句
句式梳理
仿写训练
1.The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes.
我所做的第一件事就是看看有没有现成的产品能帮助我。但是，看来只有一种毒杀蛇的药粉。
seem “似乎……，好像……”，构成句式如下：
①主语＋seem (＋to be)＋形容词；②主语＋seem as if(＝as though) ...；③seem to do/to have done/to be doing；④It seems that ...；⑤there seems to be ...等。
Unfortunately, ______________________ with my phone, which makes it impossible for me to use it any more.
不幸的是，我的电话似乎有毛病了。我不能再使用它了。
2.... but it was not until five days later that Bell sent his first telephone message to his assistant Waston.
……但是贝尔是在五天后才跟他的助手华生通了第一次电话。
not until的强调句式：①用于强调句型，即It is/was ＋not until ... that ...；②not until置于句首，主句需用倒装语序，即“not until＋从句＋主句(助动词/情态动词/系动词＋主语＋谓语……)”结构。
It was __________________ that I realized I had left the bag in the classroom.
(＝Not until I arrived home did I realize I had left the bag in the classroom.)
直到我回到家，我才意识到把书包忘在教室里了。
答案：1.there seemed to be something wrong　2.not until I arrived home
直击重点 突破考点

①　distinguish　vi.& vt. 显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨认；辨别(P20)

(1)单句语法填空
①Reading good books can not only enrich our minds but also teach us to distinguish ________ right and wrong.
②It's important to distinguish reality ________ dreams.
答案：①between　②from
(2)单句写作
Over the next few years he ____________________ a leading scholar.
在接下来的几年里，他作为一名著名学者而声名远扬。
答案：distinguished himself as/was distinguished as

(1)distinguish between A and B 区分A和B
distinguish ... from ... 把……与……区分开来
distinguish oneself (as ...)(作为……)而出名
(2)distinguished adj. 卓越的；著名的；杰出的
be distinguished for ... 因……而出名
be distinguished as ... 作为……而出名
②　caution　n. 小心；谨慎(P20)

单句语法填空
①Evidence given by convicted criminals should always be treated ________ the utmost caution.
②He was very cautious ________ committing himself to anything.
③She looked ________ (cautious) around and then walked away from the house.
答案：①with　②about　③cautiously

(1)with caution 小心地
(2)cautious adj. 小心的；谨慎的
be cautious about (doing) sth. ... 对(做)……小心谨慎
(3)cautiously adv. 小心谨慎地

③　bear　vt. 忍受；忍耐；负担；带有；带有(标记或特征)；生(孩子)；结果实(P24)

(1)单句语法填空
Always bear in mind ________ your determination is more important than anything.
答案：that
(2)写出下列句子中bear的含义
①Why do I have to bear all the costs of repair？________
②He can't bear being laughed at in public.________
③She did bear a healthy baby in hospital yesterday.________
④Some of the newly－planted apple trees have also begun to bear.________
答案：①负担；承担　②忍受　③生育　④结出果实

(1)bear/stand doing/to do sth. 忍受做某事
put up with sth. 容忍某事
(2)bear/keep sth. in mind 记住某事
bear in mind that ... 记住……
bear a heavy burden 肩负重担
bear responsibility 承担责任

④　associate　vt. 联想；联系　n. 同伴；伙伴(P26)

(1)单句语法填空
①I don't like you ________ (associate) with those people.
②Readers will associate themselves closely ________ what happens in the news stories.
答案：①associating　②with
(2)单句写作
①It is very important __________________ those who have a positive effect on you.
和对你有积极影响的人接触非常重要。
②We are working __________________ a local company to raise money for the homeless.
我们和当地一家公司合作为无家可归者筹款。
答案：①to associate with　②in association with

(1)associate ... with ... 使……与……联系起来
associate with sb. 与某人交往/联系
be associated with 与……有关
(2)association n. 联合；联想；协会；社团
in association with 与……联合/有关联

①　call up 给……打电话；使……回忆起(P20)

(1)单句语法填空
The radio station had an open line on which listeners could call ________ to discuss various issues.
答案：up
(2)单句写作
①The picture ________________ memories of her childhood.
这张照片唤起了她童年的记忆。
②At that time, we saw so many people were taking an active part in an activity ________________ people to protect the environment.
那时，我们看到很多人在积极参加一项活动，号召人们保护环境。
答案：①calls up/called up　②calling on

(1)call at 拜访(某个地点)
call off 取消；放弃
call on/upon 拜访(某人)；号召
call for 呼吁；要求；需要；去接(某人)
call out 大声地说出；召集
call in 召集；召来
(2)ring/call back 回复电话
ring off/hang up 挂断电话
give sb. a ring/call 给某人打电话
(3)hang/hold on 不挂断电话

②　set about 开始；着手(P20)

(1)单句语法填空
①That evening he set about ________ (write) a report on population.
②The sooner we set ________ it, the sooner we'll finish it.
答案：①writing　②about
(2)单句写作
Upon arrival, we ____________ to work immediately. Some were busy digging holes. Some were involved in carrying and planting young trees.
一到达，我们马上开始工作。一些人忙于挖树坑，而另一些人忙着搬运或者植树。
答案：set out

set about sth./doing sth.＝set out to do sth. 开始/着手做某事
set out 出发，启程
set off 出发，动身；使爆炸
set aside 留出；对……不予以考虑
set down 记下，写下
set up 建立，开办；创立；竖起；安装；安排

③　get through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过(P26)

写出下列句中get through的含义
①I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.________
②I couldn't get through to her because her phone was busy all day.________
③She found writing helped her get through the rough days.________
④I've got through the driving test recently.________
答案：①(设法)完成　②打通电话　③渡过　④通过

(1)get across (使)被理解；(把……)讲清楚
get along/on with sb. 与某人相处融洽；进展
get away with sth. 携某物潜逃；不因某事受惩罚
get down to sth./doing sth. 开始做某事；认真处理某事
get over 克服(困难)；从……中恢复过来
(2)go through 经历；检查
look through 浏览；快速查看
live through 活过……；经过……之后仍然活着

①　[教材原句]The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes.(P20)
我所做的第一件事就是看看有没有现成的产品能帮助我。但是，看来只有一种毒杀蛇的药粉。

(1)单句语法填空
①Most of the people ________ (invite) to the party were famous scientists.
②The ________ (injure) workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
答案：①invited　②injured
(2)单句写作
①We must adapt our thinking to the ________ conditions.
我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。
②Learning that you'll participate in the program, The Reader, ________ by our school, I'm writing to share some of my ideas.
听说你打算参加学校举行的《朗读者》节目，我写信给你分享一些我的想法。
答案：①changed　②held

designed to kill snakes为过去分词短语作定语。单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之前，表示被动和完成意义。过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词之后，其作用相当于一个定语从句。

②　[教材原句]Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor.(P21)
只有你得到那种承认，你才可以说是一个真正的发明家。

单句写作
①Only then ______________ the importance of what the teacher had said.
只有在那时，我才认识到老师教导的重要性。
②Only from your vivid description ______________ a better understanding of Chinese culture.
正是从你生动的讲解中，我才对中国文化有了更好的了解。
③Only when you use it __________________ the importance of learning Chinese.
只有在用到的时候，你才能够认识到学习汉语的重要性。
答案：①did I realize　②did I have　③can you realize

“only＋状语”位于句首时，其后句子用部分倒装形式。此处状语包括状语从句、介词短语、副词。

“only＋主语”位于句首时不倒装。
课文回练 升华运用
When the writer called up her mother in the countryside on the telephone, she __1__ (learn) that snakes came near the house and that the snakes seemed to have made their home near their house. __2__ (hear) this, the writer felt very proud and considered it a chance for her to distinguish __3__ (she) by inventing something merciful __4__ would catch snakes but not harm them.
She set about __5__ (research) the habits of snakes in order to find the easiest way __6__ (trap) them. She decided to cool them so that they could be __7__ (easy) caught. However, her first two plans were not successful. She clearly realized that she needed to improve her design again. As a result, she succeeded __8__ third attempt. She was __9__ delighted that she was determined to send her __10__ (invent) to the patent office to get recognition for her successful idea.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
答案：1.learned/learnt　2.Hearing　3.herself　4.that 　5.researching　6.to trap　7.easily　8.a　9.so　10.invention
基础达标 自主训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Some people say that classical music ________ (associate) only with old people.
答案：is associated　be associated with ... “与……有关”。
2．Though we are living a better life, I can't bear ________ (see) food thrown away.
答案：seeing/to see　can't bear doing/to do ... “不能忍受做某事”。
3．What was it that distinguished her ________ her classmates?
答案：from　distinguish ... from ... “把……与……区分/辨别开”。
4．We must always bear in mind ________ China is a big country with a huge population.
答案：that　bear in mind that ... “记住……”。
5．The service offers young people ________ (practice) advice on finding a job.
答案：practical　此处应用形容词修饰其后的名词advice。practical “实用的；实际的；实践的”。
6．We all have an ________ (expect) that he can pass the driving test next week.
答案：expectation　由空格前的冠词可知应填名词。
7．In my opinion, only by facing difficulties bravely and ________ (seize) opportunities can one succeed.
答案：seizing　该句为“only＋状语”位于句首引起倒装的句式。face与seize为and连接的两个并列成分，且均作by的宾语，故由facing可知应填seizing。
8．It was not until he went through real hardship ________ he realized the love we had for our families was important.
答案：that　本句是含有not until的强调句型。其构成是“it is/was not until ... that ...”。
9．She ________ (tap) me on the shoulder but I didn't feel it.
答案：tapped　由but连接并列成分可知，设空处动词在句中作谓语；且后面并列句的谓语为didn't ...，所以空格处也应用一般过去时，应填tapped。
10．Prices of daily goods ________ (buy) through a computer can be lower than store prices.
答案：bought　过去分词短语在句中作后置定语修饰goods。
Ⅱ.单句写作
1．What's more, surfing on the Internet ______________ (有时) can help us with our foreign language studies.
答案：now and then
2．As ________________ (杰出的专家), you are expected to give us a lecture on Chinese history.
答案：a distinguished expert
3．Hardly had we arrived at the destination when we ____________ to work.
我们一到达目的地，就开始工作。
答案：set out
4．_______________________________________________________________
直到毕业后，我才认识到参加课外活动给我们带来的益处。(not until ...)
答案：Not until after graduation did I realize the benefit that taking part in after­class activities brought to us.
5．_______________________________________________________________
如果您方便的话，能否给我们分享您对阅读策略的看法？
答案：If it is convenient for you, would you like to share your idea about reading strategies?
Ⅲ.语法填空

The former Swiss Air Force fighter pilot, Yves Rossy is also an __1__ (invent). The other day, he jumped from a plane over Calais, France and flew 200 mph __2__ (cross) the English Channel in 13 minutes before landing in Dover, England.
Earlier this year he unfolded the wings on his back and __3__ (fly) 186 mph (300 kilometers) above the Swiss Alps.
Using four small jet engines __4__ (attach) to his carbon fiber wings, he climbed at 200 ft per minute before carrying out a series of turns for __5__ crowd of reporters watching from a mountain top.
The particular show was the first public expectation of his latest invention, __6__ he spent five years developing.
“It __7__ (be) absolute freedom，” says Rossy.
The inventor says his 120 lb Jetman suit will __8__ (final) be available to the public but it's still—in a few years' away.
The flight __9__ the English Channel was his second public show. He is planning his next flight through the Grand Canyon.
“My first flight in the US is sure to be one of the most memorable experiences in my life, not only for the complete beauty of the Grand Canyon but the honor __10__ (fly) in our Native American lands，” said Rossy.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了发明家和飞行员Yves Rossy乘飞行器飞跃一个又一个海峡和峡谷的事迹。
1．inventor　考查词性转换。用在冠词an后面，用名词形式。
2．crossing　考查非谓语动词。此处用作状语，表示伴随，且逻辑主语he与cross之间为主动关系，故用crossing。
3．flew　考查动词的时态。and连接与前面“unfolded”并列的成分，所以用一般过去时。
4．attached　考查非谓语动词。be attached to “附在……上”。此处用作后置定语，所以用过去分词形式。
5．a　考查冠词。a crowd of “一群”。
6．which　考查定语从句的引导词。which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作宾语，指代先行词invention。
7．is　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。用在直接引语中，表达自己的看法，用一般现在时。主语是it，故用is。
8．finally　考查词性转换。修饰be 动词用副词形式。
9．over　考查介词。over表示“在……之上；越过”。
10．to fly　考查非谓语动词。在名词“the honor”后面作定语，用动词不定式形式。
Ⅳ.短文改错
School English Drama Club was selecting actors and actresses for the drama The Million Pound Bank Note. It is famous short story writing by the American author Mark Twain. The selection, that is in the charge of Mr Smith, will be made at the school hall in July 20th, 2019.
Any student at our school who meets with the following criteria will be offered a chance to become an actor or actress. Firstly, he or she should love creative and interested performances. Secondly, he or she should be able to speak fluent English. More important, he or she should have read the short story and is familiar with the whole story.
Thank you for your attentions.
答案：
School English Drama Club selecting actors and actresses for the drama The Million Pound Bank Note. It is famous short story by the American author Mark Twain. The selection, is in the charge of Mr Smith, will be made at the school hall July 20th, 2019.
Any student at our school who meets the following criteria will be offered a chance to become an actor or actress. Firstly, he or she should love creative and performances. Secondly, he or she should be able to speak fluent English. More ， he or she should have read the short story and familiar with the whole story.
Thank you for your .
难项分析：
第三处：writing→written　考查非谓语动词。story与write之间为被动关系，故此处需用过去分词作后置定语，表示“由Mark Twain所著/所写”。
第四处：that→which　考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The selection。注意：that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
第九处：is→be　考查情态动词的用法。and连接的两个并列成分均位于情态动词should后，需用动词原形，故此处将is改为be。