2021高三统考北师大版英语一轮（经典版）学案：第二编专题二非谓语动词

专题二　非谓语动词 1.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ，61)A 90－year－old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year”  for ________ (be) Britain's oldest full－time employee—still working 40 hours a week.答案：being　介词for后跟动词时，要用其动名词形式。2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ，68)When we got a call ________ (say) she was short－listed, we thought it was a joke.答案：saying　say与前面的a call之间是主动关系，故填saying，用现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰a call。3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ，64)I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ________ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged.答案：looking　动词avoid后面接名词或动名词。此处表示“避免直接看他的眼睛”，应填looking。4．(2019·天津高考，4)________(learn) to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future.答案：Learning 　本空在主句中作主语，应该用动名词形式。5．(2019·天津高考，10)Most colleges now offer first－year students a course specially ________ (design) to help them succeed academically and personally.答案：designed　a course与design之间是被动关系，因此用过去分词作定语。6．(2019·浙江高考，63)But some students didn't want ________ (wear) the uniform. 答案：to wear　want to do sth.  “想要做某事”，固定用法。7．(2019·江苏高考，30)________ (enjoy) the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.答案：To enjoy 　句意：为了享受数字支付的便利，许多老年人开始使用智能手机。使用智能手机的目的是享受数字支付的便利，故用不定式短语作目的状语。8．(2019·江苏高考，32)China's image is improving steadily, with more countries ________ (recognize) its role in international affairs.答案：recognizing　句意：中国的形象正在稳步提升，更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。此处是with复合结构(with＋宾语＋宾补)，more countries与recognize (承认，认识，认可)之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作宾补。9．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ， 短文改错)All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. ______________________________________________________________答案：say→saying　分析句子结构可知，cheered是谓语动词，say前没有并列连词，所以say只能用非谓语动词形式；主语与say之间是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作状语。10．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ，短文改错)If I succeed in manage one, I will open more. ______________________________________________________________答案：manage→managing　succeed in doing sth.  “成功做某事”。一  动词­ing形式1．动词­ing形式作主语、宾语或表语 [注意]　①常见的后面接动词­ing形式作宾语的动词或短语有：②有关动词­ing形式的短语或句型：2．动词­ing形式作状语、定语、宾语补足语 作定语,doing,表示主动的动作，如果是动词­ing短语，要置于所修饰的名词之后,①I have had rather a depressing time.②There were some children swimming in the river.being done,作后置定语，表示被动、且正在进行的动作,The question being discussed at the meeting now is very important.作宾语补足语,doing,表示主动或正在进行的动作。如果是被动语态，那么，宾语补足语就变成主语补足语,①I can see some kids playing on the playground.②The boy  was caught cheating in the exam.[注意]　英语中有些动词既可以用动词­ing形式作宾语补足语也可以用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但表达的意义有所不同。如see sb. do sth. (看到某人做了某事，表示看到事情的全过程)和see sb. doing sth. (看到某人正在做某事，表示看到的是正在发生的事情)。常见的用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：feel, hear, notice, see, watch, obverse, listen to, look at等。 二  过去分词
三  动词不定式1．动词不定式作主语、表语、宾语或宾语补足语动词不定式可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语，也可以和疑问词构成不定式短语作主语、宾语或表语。 2．动词不定式作状语、定语(1)作状语动词不定式作状语可以表示目的、结果、原因、程度等。动词不定式作目的状语，如果置于主句后，不定式前面常常不用逗号(出乎意料的结果除外)。①He ran fast to catch the bus.(目的状语)②I returned home that day，only  to find that everything was being in good order.(结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。如果表示顺理成章的结果，用动词­ing形式)③I am sorry to hear that.(原因状语)④She wouldn't be so silly to say that.(程度状语)(2)作定语动词不定式作定语往往表示将来的动作。①He has nothing to do.②We reached an agreement to do the work together.③They made a plan to develop new products.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2019·福建省百所重点校高三年级联合考试)________ (use) a different mental approach might help explain why people with math anxiety struggle more with complex problems.答案：Using　分析句子结构可知，此处缺少主语，故使用动名词using和后面的a different mental approach一起作主语。2．From our survey, we were happy ________ (find) the farmers' living standard greatly improved.答案：to find　be happy to do sth. “很高兴做某事”。3．(2020·湖北省孝感市第一中学高三年级月考)Eating soil can produce more effective results ________ (compare) to eating slimming pills, claimed researchers from an Australian university.答案：compared　句意：澳大利亚的一个大学的研究团队声称，吃土可能比吃减肥药的效果还好。分析句子可知，“compare”属于非谓语，与其逻辑主语“eating soil”之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词形式compared。4．________ (work) in several countries, the young man seems to have the experience we're looking for.答案：Having worked　句意：在几个国家工作过，这个年轻人似乎拥有我们所需要的经验。表示发生在主句谓语动词之前的主动的动作，用having worked。5．You can trust him. He is a man ________ (know) throughout the business field for his honesty.答案：known　句意：你可以信任他。他是一个在商业界因诚实而著称的人。know与其修饰的名词man之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词known。6．(2019·黑龙江牡丹江市一中高三摸底考试) ________ (face) with a difficult situation, Amold decided to ask his boss for advice.答案：Faced　固定短语be faced with “面对着……”；该短语是对句子主语Amold的情况进行说明。句意：面对着艰难的形势，Amold决定向老板征询建议。7．Our English teacher started a WeChat Group ________ (communicate) with us after school.答案：to communicate　句意：我们英语老师建了一个微信群，为了课后交流。表示目的，用动词不定式形式。8．________ (cover) 840 square miles, the national park has beautiful lakes, mountains, and forests.答案：Covering　句意：占地面积840平方英里，这个国家公园里有湖泊、山脉和森林。逻辑主语the national park与cover之间构成主动关系，用动词­ing形式，故填Covering。9．The experience ________ (gain) from failure is of great value to us.答案：gained　句意：从失败中获得的经验对我们很有价值。 该动词gain与其所修饰的名词experience之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，用gained。10．A growing trend in China now gives customers the options ________ (pay) the bill by scanning a QR code or cash.答案：to pay　句意：在中国现在有一个越来越火的趋势，让顾客选择扫码或者现金付账单。修饰名词options，用动词不定式作后置定语。Ⅱ.单句改错1．To make it easier to get in touch with us, you'd better to keep this card at hand.______________________________________________________________答案：去掉better后的to　句意：为了更容易地和我们取得联系，你最好把这张卡片放在手头上。had better do sth. “最好做某事”，为固定搭配。2．Seeing from the top of the hill, the garden looks more beautiful.______________________________________________________________答案：Seeing→Seen　the garden与see之间是被动关系，因此用过去分词作状语。3．Our company is going on very well. Employ dozens of local women, we produce handmade goods with unique designs that sell well overseas.______________________________________________________________答案：Employ→Employing　we是employ这一动作的执行者，因此用现在分词短语作状语。4．(2019·福建省厦门一中高三第一次月考)Offered the opportunity to speak at the graduation ceremony made me overjoyed.______________________________________________________________答案：Offered→Being offered　句意：被给予在毕业典礼上发言的机会让我欣喜若狂。本句的谓语动词是made，其前部分内容应该是主语且“我”应是“被给予机会”，故应用动名词的被动式作主语。5．(2019·桂林市第十八中学高三第二次月考)With nothing leaving to burn, the fire became weak and finally died out.______________________________________________________________答案：leaving→left　句意：剩下的没有什么东西可燃烧，火越来越弱最后熄灭了。句中nothing和动词leave之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。