2021新课标名师导学高考英语译林版第一轮总复习讲义：语法十、名词性从句

十、名词性从句对应学生用书p185　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 在空白处填入1个适当的单词。1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)While they are rare north of 88°， there is evidence ____________ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.2．(2019·北京卷)Does the name of the college you attend really matter? Research on the question suggests that, for most students, it doesn’t. What students do at college seems to matter much more than ____________ they go.3．(2018·浙江卷)It is possible ____________ caffeine may cause birth defects(缺陷) in humans, too.4．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I'm not sure ____________ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.5．(2017·北京卷)Every year, ____________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.6．(2017·北京卷)Jane moved aimlessly down the tree­lined street, not knowing ____________ she was heading.[答案与解析] 1．that。考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。2．where。学生在大学里做什么似乎比他们去哪里上大学更重要。根据句意以及分析句子结构可知，此处用where引导宾语从句。3．that。考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处It做形式主语，真正的主语是空处引导的从句，且空处在从句中不做成分，故填that。4．who。句意：我不确定谁受到了更大的惊吓，是我还是那只不知从何处突然蹦出来的雌性大猩猩。根据句意以及分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，在从句中做主语，表示“谁”，故填who。5．whoever。句意：每年，在风筝节，风筝做得最漂亮的人将赢得一份奖品。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，且在从句中做主语，指人，故填whoever。6．where。句意：Jane漫无目的地沿着绿树成荫的街道往下走，不知道要去哪里。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，做动词knowing的宾语，且从句中缺少地点状语，故填where。 对应学生用书p185　　(一)名词性从句概述名词性从句是指在主句中所起作用相当于名词的从句。名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。(二)名词性从句中连接词的使用问题 引导名词性从句的类别词义在从句中充当的成分附注连   词   that无无有时可以省略whether/if是否无下列情况只能用whether，不用if：主语从句置于句首时；介词后接的宾语从句。as if/as though似乎，仿佛无表语从句的引导词之一连接   代词   who谁主语 whom谁宾语 whose谁的定语 what什么，所……的(人或物)主语、宾语、表语 which哪个，哪些主语、定语源自于疑问代词，指代人或事物。其后可与ever组合加强语气。例：whoever (无论谁)，whatever(无论什么，凡是……的)，whichever(无论哪一个，无论哪些)连接   副词   when何时，……的时候状语 where(在)哪里，……的地方状语 how怎样，……的方式状语 why为什么，……的原因状语  源自于疑问副词，同样可与ever组合加强语气。例：whenever(无论什么时候)，wherever(无论哪里)，however(无论如何)，etc. 
(三)名词性从句类型及用法说明类别例句解说主  语  从  句That the earth goes round the sun is known to all. ―→It is known to all that the earth goes round the sun.   It is a pity that she can't come to our party.  It was strange that he had made a mistake.  It doesn't matter whether he will attend the meeting or not.  What he wants is a new bicycle.  Who he is doesn't concern me.  Where this happened is not clear to anyone.  Whoever comes is welcome.(1)为了使句子结构保持平衡，常用it代替主语从句做形式主语置于句首，而将主语从句移至句末(特别是当that，whether/if 等词引导主语从句时)。由此形成“It is/was＋n./adj./v­ed/少数vi.＋that...”句型。 (2)whether，if引导主语从句意思相同，但引导主语从句时，if不能置于句首。  (3)wh­词(即连接代/副词，以下同)引导的名词性从句，要用陈述句的语序。  表  语  从  句The trouble is that I have lost his address. The question is whether he will come to the meeting in time.  It looks as if it is(were) going to rain.  That is what I worried about.  This is how she studies English.  That is where the problem lies.(1)as if 做连词引导表语从句。谓语动词可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气。 (2)要注意wh­词引导的表语从句的汉译。如左边倒数第2句应理解为“这就是她学英语的方式”或“她就是这样学英语的”。  宾  语  从  句I think (that) he is a good student. I don't know if he can help me.  He told us that he felt ill.  Are you talking about whether he will come？  I know nothing but (that) he is an American.  Please walk up to where he stood.  I'll read whatever book you recommend.  I found it possible that you would go to college.(1)有两类词后可带宾语从句：动词、介词。 (2)有些动词后可能接一个间接宾语＋宾语从句。  (3)引导宾语从句的连词that通常可以省略；除except, but等介词外，that从句不做其他介词的宾语。  (4)有些动词接宾语从句还带上宾补。这时，常用it做形式宾语置于宾语的位置，而将宾语从句移至句末，构成句型S＋V＋it＋C(补)＋that­clause，引导词that不能省略。  同  位  语  从  句I have no idea that you were here. Word came that Mo Yan had won the Nobel Prize for literature.  The question who should do the work requires consideration.  We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.  They haven't got the information when the underground will be built.  The girl wanted to have the teacher know the truth why she was late that day.(1)同位语从句表示其前面名词的内容，与该名词构成“平起平坐”的关系，引导词that不充当成分，也没有具体词义。 (2)连词who, where, when, why引导同位语从句时，其前面的名词一般是question，information，truth，fact, news, idea等，而关系代(副)词who, where, when, why 引导定语从句时，其前面的名词分别指人、地点、时间、原因。