2021新课标名师导学高考英语译林版第一轮总复习讲义：语法八、主谓一致

八、主谓一致对应学生用书p177　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ____________(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.2．(2019·浙江卷)When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ____________(have) to worry about fashion(时尚)．3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it ____________(be) more effective at lengthening life than walking.4．(2018·浙江卷)You probably have been using caffeine since childhood. Caffeine ____________(be) in your first Coke. If you ever enjoyed a chocolate bar, you ate caffeine.5．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fast food ____________(be) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.[答案与解析] 1．are。根据three are declining可知此处数词six做主语，要用复数谓语，时态为一般现在时，故填are。2．has/will have。句意：当每个学生在校穿校服时，没有人会担心时尚问题。此处用一般现在时描述一般情况；分析句子结构可知，主语是nobody，所以谓语动词用has。或理解为when引导的时间状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，主句可以使用将来时will do。故填has/will have。3．is。根据主句时态可知，此处应用一般现在时，另外宾语从句主语为it，故此处用is。4．was。根据上下文内容以及空处所在句中的“in your first Coke”可知，此处描述的是发生在过去的事，且主语是不可数名词Caffeine，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填was。5．is。此处是对客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时。分析句子结构可知，该句缺少谓语动词，又因主语为“Fast food”，故填is。 对应学生用书p178　　主谓一致，即谓语动词在人称和数上必须和主语一致。下面就中学英语所涉及的内容作些介绍。情况例句 常  用  单  数  当主语是不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句等时谓语动词用单数The work is important. To serve the country is our duty.  代词each以及由every，some，no，any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each，every时谓语动词用单数Each of the students is working hard at his or her lessons，hoping to go to university. Each girl and each boy in our class likes sports.  表示金钱、时间、价格或度量衡的复数名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数Ten years is a moment in history. Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.  Ten thousand dollars is a large sum.  以­ics结尾表学科的复形名词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数Mathematics is my favorite. Politics is often a topic for discussion among us.  在这样一些短语，如“many a，more than one”所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。Many a person has read the novel. 取  意  观  形  定  单  复  “the＋形容词/分词”做主语指“一类”人或事物时，谓语动词常用复数；但若指 “某一个”人或“抽象的”事物时，谓语动词用单数The poor need help from society. The agreeable is not always the useful.  当主语是由and并列的两个或两个以上的部分组成时，谓语动词一般都用复数；但如果由and并列的两部分表示的是一个单一的概念，或指同一人或同一物时(and此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词)，谓语动词用单数Reading and writing are very important. The iron and steel industry is very important.  在“复数名词＋定语从句”中，从句的谓语动词一般用复数；但如果“one”前有“this，the，the only”等词修饰时，定语从句的引导词指代one，做从句主语时，从句谓语动词用单数This is one of the best novels that have appeared this year. He was the only one of the boys who was praised.  主语是“a number of(许多)/a variety of(各式各样) ＋复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用复数；但 “the number/variety of ＋复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用单数A number of students in this class are from Sichuan. The number of students in this college has doubled.  There are a variety of toys in this shop.  The variety of goods in this shop is rich.  the Olympics做主语，谓语动词用单数；the Olympic Games做主语，谓语动词用复数The 2016 Olympics was considered a big success. The 2016 Olympic Games were considered a big success.  a pair of shoes / trousers / glasses做主语时，谓语动词用单数；如果shoes，trousers，glasses做主语时，谓语动词用复数A pair of shoes was just what he wanted. Shoes were just what he wanted.  “a/an＋单数名词＋or two”做主语，谓语动词用单数形式；“one or two＋复数名词”做主语，谓语动词用复数形式An apple or two lies on the desk./ One or two apples lie on the desk. 一两个苹果放在桌子上。  集体名词audience，class，family，team，group等做主语时，若指一个整体，谓语动词用单数；若指具体成员，则用复数。The class is big.这个班很大。 The class are discussing the plan.这个班(的学生)正在讨论这个计划。(指该班学生)  邻  近  优  先  当主语由“either...or...”，“neither...nor...”或“not only...but also...”连接时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致Either you or she is to go. 当主语是由“not A but B” 结构组成时，谓语动词的数取决于B的数Not you but your brother is to blame. 如果句子是由here、there引导，而主语又不止一个，则谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语一致There is a pen，a knife and two books on the desk. There are 20 boy students and 23 girl students in the class.  Here are two books for you.  向  前  看  主  语当主语后面接有由with，together with，like，except，including，but，no less than，rather than，as well as等词引导的短语时，谓语动词的数与这些词前面的主语的数保持一致A woman with children has come.He rather than you is responsible.  All but Jane know the secret.  The teacher as well as the students likes this painting.  of  结  构  前  后  观  当主语被half of，part of，most of，two thirds of，the rest of，some of，all of，none of等修饰时，谓语动词通常与of后面的名词、代词保持一致Most of his time is spent travelling. Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.  amount of和quantity of用来修饰名词时，谓语动词要与amount和quantity的数保持一致Large amounts of water are needed. A large quantity of apples is needed.  由a kind of，this / that kind of，many / these / those kinds of以及名词＋of this kind和与kind意义相近的sort，type构成的类似短语做主语时，谓语动词与of前的名词的数保持一致A new type of machine is on show now. 一种新型的机器正在展出。  Machines of this type are on show now.  这种类型的机器正在展出。