2021高考英语一轮统考复习第一部分教材重点全程攻略Book5Unit4Makingthenews学案含解析新人教版
展开Unit 4 Making the news基础自主检测阅读识记Ⅰ.英译汉1.journalist n. 记者；新闻工作者2.submit vt. 递交；呈递(文件等)3.update vt. 更新；使现代化4.sceptical adj. 怀疑的5.dilemma n. (进退两难的)困境；窘境6.department n. 部门；部；处；系7.senior adj. 年长的；高年级的；高级的Ⅱ.汉译英1.editor n. 编辑2.colleague n. 同事3.amateur n. 业余爱好者4.assess vt. 评估；评定5.deadline n. 最后期限6.accuse vt. 指责；谴责；控告7.section n. 部分；节8.polish vt. 擦亮；磨光；润色高频应用1.unusual adj. 不同寻常的；独特的 2.eager adj. 渴望的；热切的3.meanwhile adv. 其间；同时 4.case n. 情况；病例；案例5.publish vt. 出版；发行；发表；公布6.technical adj. 技术上的；技巧方面的 7.gifted adj. 有天赋的8.chief adj. 主要的；首席的 n. 首领；长官拓展变形1.photograph (n.) 照片 (vt.) 给……照相→photographer (n.) 摄影师2.delighted (adj.) 快乐的；欣喜的→delight (n.) 快乐，高兴，喜悦 (vt.) 使高兴；使欣喜3.admirable (adj.) 值得赞扬的；令人钦佩的→admire (vt.) 钦佩；羡慕4.assist (vt.) 帮助；协助；援助→assistance (n.) 帮助；协助→assistant (n.) 助手；助理；售货员5.profession (n.) 职业；专业→professional (adj.) 专业的；职业的 (n.) 专业人员→professor (n.) 教授；(大学)教师6.concentrate (vi.& vt.) 集中；聚集→concentrated (adj.) 浓缩的；全神贯注的→concentration (n.) 集中；专心7.acquire (vt.) 获得；得到；学到→acquired (adj.) 已获得的；习得的→acquirable (adj.) 可得到的；可获得的8.inform (vt.) 告知；通知→information (n.) 消息9.deliberately (adv.) 故意地；有意地→deliberate (adj.) 故意的；从容不迫的10.guilty (adj.) 犯罪的；有罪的；内疚的→guilt (n.) 罪行；内疚11.demand (n.) 需求；要求 (vt.) 强烈要求→demanding (adj.) 苛求的；要求高的12.thorough (adj.) 彻底的；详尽的→thoroughly (adv.) 彻底地；详细地13.crime (n.) 罪行；犯罪→criminal (adj.) 犯罪的；刑事的 (n.) 罪犯14.edition (n.) 版(本)；版次→edit (v.) 编辑；校订→editor (n.) 编辑15.accurate (adj.) 精确的；正确的→accurately (adv.) 正确地；精密地→accuracy (n.) 精确；准确16.approve (vt.) 批准；赞成；认可→disapprove (反义词) (v.) 不批准；不赞成→approval (n.) 赞成；批准；认可17.process (n.) 过程；程序；步骤 (vt.) 加工；处理→procession (n.) 行列；队伍18.appointment (n.) 约会；任命→appoint (vt.) 约定；任命 1.新闻媒体相关词汇一览①journalist n. 记者；新闻工作者②reporter n. 记者③editor n. 编辑④chief editor n. 主编⑤photographer n. 摄影师⑥daily n. 日报⑦weekly n. 周刊⑧mass media 大众传播媒介2.后缀able形容词集锦①admirable 令人钦佩的②comfortable 舒适的③unbelievable 难以置信的④honorable 荣誉的；光荣的⑤reasonable 合情合理的⑥respectable 可敬的⑦valuable 值钱的；贵重的⑧suitable 合适的3.“赞成”与“反对”高频词汇荟萃(1)赞成；支持①approve vt. 批准；赞成②favour vt.& n. 赞成③support vt. 支持；赞成(2)反对①oppose vt. 反对②object vi. 反对③against prep. 反对 一 动词＋介/副词1.concentrate on 集中；全神贯注于2.inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事3.keep sth. in mind 记住某事4.depend on/upon 依靠；依赖5.accuse ... of 因……指责或控告……6.set to work 开始工作二 其他7.ahead of 在……前面8.so as to (do sth.) 为了(做)……9.make an appointment 约会，预约“v.＋sb.＋of＋sth.”结构大集合①inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事②warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事③cure sb. of sth. 治好某人的病/纠正某人的坏习惯④remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事⑤suspect sb. of sth. 怀疑某人某事⑥rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物⑦convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事⑧accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某事⑨rid sb. of sth. 使某人摆脱某物_________________________________________________________________1.否定词置于句首的倒装结构Never_will (永远不) Zhou Yang (ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper.(教材P26)2.be to do结构His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin (HX), was_to_strongly_influence (必将产生重要影响) his life as a journalist.(教材P26)3.not only ... but (also) ... 连接的并列句Not_only_am_I_interested_in (我不仅对……感兴趣) photography, but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills.(教材P26)4.抽象地点名词＋定语从句Have you ever had a_case_where (这一种情况) someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick？(教材P26)单句语法填空1.We're ________ (delight) you're coming to work with us.答案：delighted2.You'll have a ________ (profession) photographer with you to take photographs.答案：professional3.Only if you ask many different questions ________ you acquire all the information you need to know.答案：will4.You have to prepare the next question depending on ________ the person says.答案：what5.But how can I listen carefully while ________ (take) notes？答案：taking6.A footballer was accused ________ taking money for deliberately not scoring goals so as to let the other team win.答案：of7.He denied ________ (take) money but we were sceptical.答案：taking8.________ he realized the man had been lying, Zhou Yang knew he must not accuse him directly.答案：Although9.He checked the evidence, read the article and ________ (pass) it on to the copyeditor.答案：passed10.Zhou Yang waited ________ (excited) for the first copies to be ready.答案：excitedly 考点步步冲关1 assist vt. & vi. 帮助；协助；援助You'll find your colleagues very eager to assist you, so you may be able to concentrate on photography later if you're interested.(P26)你将发现你的同事们会热情地帮助你。如果你对摄影感兴趣，以后你可以集中精力去钻研。(1)assist sb. with/in sth. 在某事上帮助某人assist sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事(2)assistant n. 助手，助理assistance n. 帮助；援助with the assistance of ... 在……的帮助下即时练1单句语法填空①Professor Wang is working with his two new ________ (assist) in the laboratory at the moment.②Thanks to his ________ (assist), we got out of the dark cave safely.③Both of them have been working for Professor Adams ________ (assist) him with his class work and research.④The surgery was carried out by the British team, ________ (assist) by doctors and nurses from the Shifa Clinic.⑤Since 1976 he has been operating the shop ________ the assistance of volunteers.答案：①assistants ②assistance ③assisting ④assisted ⑤with 2 inform vt. 通知；告知They must use research to inform themselves of the missing parts of the story.(P26)他们必须通过调查研究来获悉被遗漏的那部分情况。(1)inform sb. of/about sth. 通知/告诉某人某事inform sb. that/when/how ... 通知某人……keep sb. informed of ... 使某人随时了解……(2)information n. 消息；信息(3)informed adj. 有学问的；有见识的[名师点津] inform后不能直接带双宾语，而是借助于介词of/about，构成inform sb. of/about sth. 结构。即时练2单句语法填空①The Internet allows us to educate ourselves and make more ________ (inform) choices and decisions without leaving our homes.②The newspapers keep us ________ (inform) of what is going on around us at any time.③The family breathed a sigh of relief when they ________ (inform) that the father was only slightly injured in the accident.④We live in a world where there is more and more ________ (inform), and less and less meaning.答案：①informed ②informed ③were informed ④information一句多译直到他通知我要开会了，我才意识到我还没有准备好我的提议。⑤I wasn't aware that I had not been prepared for my proposal ______________________. (until)⑥____________________ was I aware that I had not been prepared for my proposal. (until倒装)答案：⑤until he informed me of the meeting ⑥Not until he informed me of the meeting 3 demand n. 要求；需求 vt. 强烈要求It was a dilemma because the footballer could have demanded damages if we were wrong.(P26)这是一个两难问题，因为如果我们错了，那个足球队员就可以要求补偿损失。(1)demand sth. 要求某物demand to do ... 要求做……demand doing/to be done 需要被做demand that ... (should) do ... 要求……(从句用虚拟语气，should可省略)(2)in great demand 需求量很大meet/satisfy one's demands 满足某人的需求[名师点津] demand不能用于demand sb. to do sth. 结构；“向某人要某物”不能用demand sb.sth. 结构，要用demand sth.of sb. 结构。即时练3单句语法填空①They think learning English well is one of the ________ (demand) of modern society and will do good to our future career.②My demand is that the information referred to in my report ________ (email) to Mr Brown without delay.③My car demands/needs/requires ________ (repair), so I have to go to work by bus.答案：①demands ②(should) be emailed ③repairing/to be repaired单句写作④经理要求工人加班，以提前完成任务。The manager ________________________ extra hours to complete the task ahead of time.答案：demanded that the workers (should) work1concentrate on 集中；全神贯注于教材原句You'll find your colleagues very eager to assist you, so you may be able to concentrate on photography later if you're interested.(P26)你将发现你的同事们会热情地帮助你。如果你对摄影感兴趣，以后你可以集中精力去钻研。(1)concentrate on (doing) sth. 专心(做)某事concentrate one's attention/efforts/energy/mind on sth. 集中注意力/力量/精力/思想于某事(2)concentration n. 集中；专心(3)其他表示“专心于；集中于”的短语focus/fix ... on ... 集中……于……put one's heart into ... 专心于……；一心一意去……be absorbed in ... 专心于……apply oneself/one's mind to ... 专心于……pay attention to ... 专心于……；注意……put one's mind to ... 专心于……[名师点津] 以上短语中in, to, on, into都是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。即时练1单句语法填空①________ (concentrate) on your study, and you will make greater progress.②She worked late into the night, ________ (concentrate) on her speech for the conference.答案：①Concentrate ②concentrating一句多译他骑车上学时，只顾着看路边的商店，结果把一个老人撞倒了。③________________________ the shops along the roadside, he knocked an old man down while riding to school. (with复合结构作状语)④____________________ the shops along the roadside, he knocked an old man down while riding to school. (现在分词作状语)答案：③With all his attention concentrated on ④Concentrating all his attention on 2depend on 依靠；依赖；取决于教材原句Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending on what the person says.(P26)同时，你还要根据被采访人所说的话准备提出下一个问题。(1)depend on sb. for sth. 靠某人供给某物depend on sb. doing sth./depend on sb. to do sth. 依靠某人做某事depend on/upon it that ... 指望/相信……(2)That depends. /It all depends. 视情况而定。(3)independent adj. 独立的；自主的(4)independence n. 独立即时练2单句语法填空①You may depend on ________ that all the goods will be shipped abroad on time.②We should show concern for Mr Smith, an eightyyearold man near our home, because now he has nobody ________ (depend) on.③The teacher will put forward a variety of questions, ________ (depend) on your different answers.答案：①it ②to depend ③depending 3accuse ... of ... 因……指责或控告……教材原句Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick？(P26)你有没有遇到过这样的情况：别人控告你的记者，说他(她)们的报道完全失实？(1)accuse sb. of (doing) sth. 指控某人(做)某事(2)charge sb. with (doing) sth. 控告某人(做)某事(3)blame sb. for (doing) sth. 责备某人(做)某事即时练3单句语法填空①He has been charged ________ trying to blow up the airliner as it was coming in to land.②The secretary had to resign after she was accused ________ giving away the secret of the company.③As it is just a coincidence, no one should be to blame ________ it.④The shop assistant was dismissed as she ________ (accuse) of cheating customers.⑤The ________ (accuse) man proved his innocence by proving that he was abroad when the murder was committed.答案：①with ②of ③for ④was accused ⑤accused1Never_will_Zhou_Yang_(ZY)_forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper.(P26)翻译周阳永远不会忘记他在一家畅销英语报纸的第一项工作任务。(1)否定副词never置于句首，句子需用部分倒装结构。(2)常用否定副词和含有否定意义的介词短语还有：not, little, seldom, hardly, scarcely, neither, nor, at no time, by no means, in no case, in no way, on no condition等。即时练1单句写作①我永远不会忘记发生在我的童年里的那个意外事件，它给我留下了很深的印象。____________________ the accident that happened in my own childhood, which left a deep impression on me.②我记不住这些生词，也不能流利地讲英语。I couldn't memorize the new words, ____________ English fluently.③第二天早上，我们刚离开宿舍，就意识到我们把地图忘在房间里了。______________ the dormitory the next morning when we realized we had left our map in the room.④我们决不能放弃梦想，只有我们坚持自己的梦想，才能够克服各种挑战。On no condition __________________； only if we can stick to our dreams will we be able to get over all kinds of challenges.答案：①Never will I forget ②nor could I speak ③Hardly/Scarcely had we left ④can we give up our dreams 2His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin (HX), was_to strongly influence his life as a journalist.(P26)翻译他与新上司胡欣的讨论对他的记者生涯必将产生重要影响。“be to＋动词原形”的常见用法：(1)表示按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事。(2)语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to, 表示命令、吩咐或禁止的语气。(3)表示不可避免将要发生或以后注定要发生的事情。意为“注定/一定会……”。(4)用于条件从句，意为“如果想；设想”(接近于if ... want to/if ... should)。[名师点津] (1)如果表示未曾实现的打算或计划，要用was/were to have done形式。(2)be about to do ... 表示即将发生的动作，该结构不与表示时间的副词或其他时间状语连用，常用于be about to do sth. when ... 结构中。(3)be going to do ... 多用于口语，强调事先打算、计划要做某事或根据某种迹象要发生某事。即时练2单句写作①他们约定明天上午10点一起去看这位老师。They __________________ to the teacher together at 10 am tomorrow.②你们必须在今天下午五点以前完成这项任务。You __________________ the work before five this afternoon.③他的理论势必要改变(人类)对宇宙的看法。His theory ________________ the views on the universe.④如果你想成功的话，你必须更认真地对待整个项目。You must take the whole project more seriously if you __________________.⑤我想知道这次事故是哪个司机的责任。I wonder which driver __________________ for the accident.答案：①are to pay a visit ②are to finish ③was to change ④are to succeed ⑤is to blame倒装完全倒装1．完全倒装是把谓语动词完全置于主语前，其中主语必须是名词，若为代词则不倒装。这种结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。2．完全倒装的结构(1)在here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, off, away等表示时间和运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首以示强调时，句子要全部倒装，谓语动词常用come, go, be, lie, run, rush等。①Away went the boy.这个男孩离开了。(2)表示地点的介词短语置于句首时。②Under the table sleeps a white cat.→A white cat sleeps under the table.一只白猫睡在桌子下。(3)某些表语置于句首时。a．表语为介词短语③Inside the parcel was a note.包裹里有张便条。b．表语为形容词④Present at the meeting were many guests.出席会议的客人很多。[重点提示] 上述句子中，如果主语为人称代词，则主语、谓语不需要倒装。部分倒装1．部分倒装是把be/助动词/情态动词提到主语的前面，即助动词/情态动词/系动词＋主语＋谓语动词。2．部分倒装的几种情形(1)“only＋副词/介词短语/状语从句”置于句首时，要进行部分倒装，即“only＋状语”置于句首时要部分倒装，但“only＋主语”不倒装。⑤Only then did she realize how much damage had been caused.到那时她才意识到已经造成了多么大的伤害。(2)否定词位于句首时要部分倒装，高考常考的词汇有：never, not, seldom, hardly, nowhere, little, by no means, at no time等。⑥I've tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means is the teacher satisfied with my progress.我已经非常努力地提高我的英语水平，但老师一点也不满意我的进步。(3)not until引导的从句位于句首引起的主句部分倒装。⑦The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.→Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.直到孩子睡着了，妈妈才离开房间。(4)as/though引导的让步状语从句部分倒装，构成为：名词/形容词/副词/动词/分词＋as/though＋主语＋其他。⑧Though it might sound strange, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.→Strange though it might sound, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.尽管他的主意可能听起来奇怪，但会议上所有人都接受了。[重点提示] 从句的表语是名词时，被倒装的名词前不加冠词。Child as he is, he has to make a living.尽管他是一个孩子，但他不得不谋生。(5)so, nor, neither开头的句子要部分倒装。前一分句是肯定句，后一分句用so引导，意为“某人/某事也……”；前一分句是否定句，后一分句用neither/nor引导，意为“某人/某事也不……”；倒装句中的谓语应与前面的谓语时态保持一致。⑨He has been to Beijing. So have I.他已经去过北京了，我也如此。⑩Tom enjoys music. So do I.汤姆喜欢音乐，我也如此。(我也喜欢音乐)⑪Tom enjoys music. So he does.汤姆喜欢音乐，他确实如此。(他确实喜欢音乐)(6)表示“一……就……”句型需部分倒装的几种情形。 (过去完成时) (一般过去时)⑫No sooner had she gone out than the telephone rang.她一出去，电话就响了。(7)not only ... but also, so ... that, such ... that引起的倒装情形中，通常遵循“前倒后不倒”的原则。⑬Not only is he interested in football but he also plays well.他不但对足球感兴趣，而且踢得很好。(8)在省略if的虚拟条件句中，且从句中有were/should/had时需部分倒装，只需将were/should/had提至句首即可。⑭If he had followed my advice, he would have succeeded.→Had he followed my advice, he would have succeeded.如果他听了我的建议，他就成功了。 即时练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．________ in this way will you know how to arrange your time and to spend your time properly.答案：Only2．It rained heavily overnight and not until this morning ________ it stop.答案：did3．On the river bank ________ (stand) a house where he once lived.答案：stands4．So clearly ________ he speak English that he can always make himself understood.答案：does5．Seldom ________ I seen a situation that made the teacher so angry.答案：haveⅡ.单句改错1．Only when did he put his heart into his study did he realize his shortcomings._________________________________________________________________答案：去掉第一个did2．In no sense I agree with this suggestion._________________________________________________________________答案：I前加do3．You say he works hard. So does he, and so do you._________________________________________________________________答案：does he→he does4．In front of our school a newlybuilt playground on which we often play basketball._________________________________________________________________答案：school后加is5．Has he studied hard, he would have passed the exam._________________________________________________________________答案：Has→Had基础达标演练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．He is a ________ (gift) man and promises to be a famous musician.答案：gifted2．Not until one of his works ________ (publish) was he able to gain his confidence in writing.答案：was published3．Generally speaking, a political leader should have a good nose ________ current affairs.答案：for4．He looks younger than his friend; in fact, he is three years senior ________ his friend.答案：to5．Our software, unless ________ (update) on a regular basis, may not serve us well in our work.答案：updated6．In our daily life, we sometimes come across a number of cases ________ people suffer from heart attacks.答案：where7．The manager was quite ________ (delight) that all the products had been sold out.答案：delighted8．Over the past ten years, our country has made ________ (admire) achievements in space exploration.答案：admirable9．As you know, ________ (acquire) a good knowledge of Chinese, you should learn more about Chinese culture and history.答案：to acquire10．I still feel ________ (guilt) about the things I said to my father when I was a teenager.答案：guiltyⅡ.单句改错1．All of you supposed to finish your homework before you go out to play football._________________________________________________________________答案：supposed前加are2．Today, we'll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English are likely to meet with._________________________________________________________________答案：where→that/which3．Although he has been studying abroad, his parents try to keep him inform of what has happened at home._________________________________________________________________答案：inform→informed4．He was driving home on the highway last night when he was stopped by a policeman, who accused him for speeding._________________________________________________________________答案：for→of5．My parents don't approve me making friends with him._________________________________________________________________答案：approve后加ofⅢ.教材微写作A．根据提示完成句子1．上个月，我作为业余记者的第一项任务是采访一位著名的摄影师。(interview)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Last month, my first assignment as an amateur journalist was to interview a famous photographer.2．据我所知他非常专业，拍了很多令人赞赏的照片。(professional)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：As far as I'm concerned, he was professional and had taken many admirable photographs.3．采访中，为了获得全部信息，我问了许多不同的问题。(in order to)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：During the interview, I asked many different questions in order to acquire all the information.4．我不仅专注地听事实细节，还根据他的回答准备下一个问题。(concentrate on; depend on)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Not only did I concentrate on listening to detailed facts, but I also prepared the next question depending on what he said.5．为了让自己有更多的时间思考，我故意放慢进程。(slow down)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：I deliberately slowed down the process so as to let myself have more time to think.B．将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范 答案：Last month, my first assignment as an amateur journalist was to interview a famous photographer. As far as I'm concerned, he was professional and had taken many admirable photographs. During the interview, I asked many different questions in order to acquire all the information. Not only did I concentrate on listening to detailed facts, but I also prepared the next question depending on what he said. I deliberately slowed down the process so as to let myself have more time to think.
