高考英语一轮复习——现在完成时 教案

现在完成时1，结构：主语+have/has+动词过去分词   例句：I have eaten an apple.   否定：   疑问句：   答句：肯定/否定 2,使用情况：第一种情况：动作在过去发生，对现在产生影响。 I have lost my keys，so I can’t go home now.过去丢了钥匙，但对现在造成了影响回不了家。又如：He has caught a bad cold.He can’t go to school. 第二种情况，动作从过去开始发生，并一直持续到现在，并且很有可能继续持续下去。常和for+时间段/since+过去时间点（词组或从句）连用等时间状语。常用在完成时中的时间状语：recently, already，yet，so far，until now, by now, ever。辨析以下几组词汇：just now/just, in the past/in the past few years,already/yetJust 常和完成时连用，just now表刚才，应用一般过去时。例句：I drank a glass of beer just now.      I have just drunk a glass of beer.（just一般位于have，has和过去分词之间） In the past 在过去的某个时间点，和过去时连用，in the past few years是过去的几年里，是时间段。例句： I was a teacher in the past       I have been a teacher in the past few years. already表已经，位置比较灵活：I have eaten the cake already. I have already eaten the cake.yet既可以翻译为已经，也可以翻译为还没。在填空时需要注意辨别两个中文意义：Have you found your keys      （已经）？ For+时间段：A I have taught English for 5 years.（时间段）例句A若改为since：自从 引导：I have taught English since 5 years ago.两句表达的意义相同，使用方式却不一样，since和for可以互相转化，只需要将时间段和时间点改变。 Since的用法：Since 也可以引导时间状语从句，如：I have worked in this shop since I was a little girl.这种情况下的时态选择为：（主句现完，从句一般过）再如：James has been a doctor since he graduated from the university. 需要注意的是，表达某事持续多长时间：“it is +一段时间+since从句”时态选择为：主句一般现在时，从句一般过去时例：It is two hours since the meeting began. 翻译该句子：Lucy离开家已经一个礼拜了。（出去旅游了）                                            . 句子中有明确一段时间，或暗示是一段时间段时，句子中谓语动词必须使用延续性动词，而不是非延续性动词。非延续性动词不可以和时间段连用。瞬间动词一般的延续性形式完成时的延续性形式leavebe awayhave/has been awaybegin/start/put onbe onhave/has been onturn off - turn onbe off - be onhave/has been offend/finishbe overhave/has been overbuyhavehave/has hadborrowkeephave/has keptdiebe deadhave/has been deadget to knowknowhave/has knowncome/go+介词be+介词have/has been+介词open/closebe open/closedhave/has been open/closedjoin/take part inbe in+组织/be a member of+组织have/has been in+组织/have/has been a member of+组织becomebehave/has beenget marriedbe marriedhave/has been marriedfall asleepbe asleephave/has been asleepcatch a coldhave a coldhave/has had a coldget used tobe used tohave/has been used to例：I have bought a book for ten days.×I have had a book for ten days. √ 练习：翻译下列句子：1，我已经结婚六年了。2，Lucy的妹妹已经感冒很久了。3，把电视音量调小，宝宝已经睡着了。 【注意】1，忌处处都用延续性动词。句子中有明显的时间段时，才需要将非延续性动词改为延续性动词。如：I have bought a new book.I have had this book for 2 months. 2，不只是完成时态中需要延续性动词，下面这两种也经常考：我能借这本书多久？How long can I borrow the book?×How long can I keep the book?√ 请在我离开的那段时间照顾狗。Please look after my dog when I leave.×Please look after my dog while I am away.√ 3，短暂性动词的否定形式可以看做是延续性动词例：We haven't met since three years ago. 【注意】Have been to ,have gone to , have been in 的区别①have gone to:在去某地的路上，或者已经离开了出发地，或者已经到了目的地，总之已经离开了说话者的位置，还没回来。在上表可知，由于go是短暂性动词，故该词组使用时，不可以和时间段的词组连用。如：James has gone to New York with his family.表示James已经出发离开，或者到了纽约，或者在去纽约的路上，还没回来。如：I have gone to Shanghai for two days.×这种表达就是错误的。 ②Have been to:曾经去过某地，现在已经回来，或者已经去了其他地方，总之已经离开了。强调人的过往经历，常和次数连用。如：I have been to the Great Britain for three times.注意：0次也是次数！例：I have never        USA .(been to/gone to/been in)从没去过，隐藏了去了0次的意义。 ③have been in:还待在句中提到的位置，小地点可用at。通常会和一段时间连用。如：Mr. Smith has been in this school for twenty years.待了20年，现在还在这个学校。 练习： 注意，不要学了完成时后，处处都用完成时态。过去时和完成时的区别：1，有明确的过去时间状语，如yesterday, last month, a few days ago等。观察以下填空题：例：We have to repair the window because a strong wind       (break) it.如改为：We have to repair the window today,because a strong wind        (break) it yesterday. 2，有上下文提示，确定是否对现在有影响，注意but等转折词。My father __went___ (go) to France several times in his twenties. Now he teaches French in a famous university.答案为一般过去式，而非完成时。