高中外研版 (2019)Unit 5 A delicate world练习

这是一份高中外研版 (2019)Unit 5 A delicate world练习，共6页。
(2020黑龙江哈尔滨第六中学高二上期末）
Peple have been wndering why elephants d nt develp cancer even thugh they have lifespans that are similar t humans，living fr arund 50 t 70 years.
Nw scientists believe they knw why. A team at the University f Chicag has fund that elephants carry a large number f genes that stp tumrs develping. T be precise, they fund 20 cpies f an anti-tumr gene called TP53 in elephants. Mst ther species, including humans, nly carry ne cpy.
Accrding t the research，the extra cpies f the gene imprve the animal’s sensitivity t DNA damage, which lets the cells quickly kill themselves when damaged befre they can g n t frm deadly tumrs.
“An increased risk f develping cancer has std in the way f the evlutin (进化）f large bdy sizes in many animals,” the study authr Dr. Vincent Lynch tld The Guardian. If every living cell has the same chance f becming cancerus, large creatures with a lng lifespan like whales and elephants shuld have a greater risk f develping cancer than humans and mice. But acrss species, the risk f cancer des nt shw a cnnectin with bdy mass.
This phenmenn was fund by Oxfrd University scientist Richard Pet in the 1970s and later named “Pet’s paradx”. Bilgists believe it results frm larger animals using prtectin that many smaller animals d nt use. In the elephant’s case, the making f TP53 is nature’s way f keeping this species alive.
The study als fund that when the same genes were brught t life in mice, they had the same cancer resistance as elephants. This means researchers culd use the discvery t develp new treatments that can help stp cancer spreading r even develping in the first place.
“Nature has already figured ut hw t prevent cancer,” said Jshua Schiffman，a bilgist at the Schl f Medicine, the University f Utah. “It’s up t us t learn hw different animals deal with the prblem s that we can use thse strategies t prevent cancer in peple.”
1.Why are elephants unlikely t develp cancer?
A. They have a rather large bdy size.
B. Theirgenes suffer n DNA damage.
C. Certain genes in their bdy kill existing tumrs.
D. Theycarry many genes t prevent tumrs develping.
2. Accrding t the passage, what has been a risk in the evlutin f large animals?
A. Deadly tumrs.
B. The huge bdy mass.
C. Cellskilling themselves.
D. Sensitivity t DNA damage.
3.Whatdes the underlined part “This phenmenn” in Paragraph 5 prbably refer t?
A. Larger animals have prtectin frm TP53.
B. The risk f cancer is nt related t bdy sizes.
C. Larger animals suffer the same risk f cancer as smaller nes.
D. The huger animals are, the bigger risk f cancer they will have.
4.What can be cncluded frm the passage?
A. Depending n nature is surely enugh t fight against cancer.
B. The TP53 genes have prved useful in stpping cancer in peple.
C. Humans are expected t prevent cancer with the making f TP53.
D. The extra cpies f elephants，genes are used t cure cancer patients.
Ⅱ.七选五
(2020河南洛阳第一高级中学高二下周测）
Farmers, especially in develping cuntries, are ften criticized fr cutting dwn frests. But a new study suggests that many farmers recgnize the value f keeping trees.
Researchers using satellite images fund at least ten percent trees cver mre than ne billin hectares f farmland. 1
The study fund the mst tree cver in Suth America. 2 Nrth Africa and West Asia have the least. And it als fund that climate cnditins alne culd nt explain the tree cver in different areas.
3 There are areas with few trees but als few peple, and areas with many trees and many peple. The findings suggest that things like land rights, markets r gvernment plicies can influence tree planting and prtectin.
Dennis Garrity heads the Wrld Agrfrestry Center. 4 The prblem, he says, is that plicy makers and planners have been slw t recgnize this and t supprt such effrts.
The satellite images may nt shw what the farmers are using the trees fr，but trees prvide nuts, fruit, wd and ther prducts. They prvide windbreaks and shade. 5 Even under drught cnditins，trees can ften prvide fd and a way t earn mney until the next grwing seasn.
A. Almst all f it is cvered by trees.
B. Nr culd the size f nearby ppulatins, meaning peple and trees can live tgether.
C. He says farmers are acting n their wn t prtect and plant trees.
D. He devtes mst f his time t making peple realize its imprtance.
E. Next cmes Africa suth f the Sahara, fllwed by Sutheast Asia.
F. They als help prevent sil lss and prtect water supplies.
G. That is almst half the farmland in the wrld.
1.________ 2._______ 3.________ 4.________ 5.________
Ⅲ.读后续写
（2020湖北沙市中学高二上期末）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
The event that stands ut in Tm’s memry happened ne mrning when Tm was nly ten years ld. He was at hme with his elder sister Jane. Tm was ding his hmewrk when he heard raised vices.
At first he thught nthing f it since custmers in the mtrcycle shp directly belw their flat ften became lud, but he sn realized this time it was different.
“Quick! Quick! Remve the mtrcycles frm the shp,” smene yelled.
Then a thick burning smell filled the air. When Tm pened the frnt dr f their flat t investigate, a thick clud f smke greeted him. The mtrcycle shp had caught fire and peple were running and crying.
Jane, wh had been playing the vilin in her rm，hurried t the living rm. They rushed ut f the dr and alng the crridr thrugh the smke.
They were heading twards the stairway at the far end f the crridr when Jane stpped in her track. She turned arund and headed back the way they came. Tm had n idea what she was ding, but he fllwed suit.
Jane had suddenly remembered the lady in her 70s wh lived next dr t them, wh they called Makcik, Malay fr auntie. Jane began banging n Makcik’s dr, but gt n answer. As the smke thickened arund them, Tm culd see many f their neighbrs—sme still in their pajamas—running fr safety. The thught f fear crssed his mind.
“She wuld have run fr safety like everyne else!” Tm cried. Hwever, Jane refused t give up, “I knw Makcik’s still inside.” She said she was familiar with Makcik’s daily rutine and was certain she wuld still be sleeping. She punded (重击）at the dr. “G dwnstairs. G nw! G!”
Paragraph 1
Tm nticed the flame was reaching up. ________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Luckily, sme neighbrs passing by stpped and ffered help._________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
Ⅰ. 语篇解读:本文主要介绍了美国芝加哥大学的一个团队发现大象携带大量阻止肿瘤发展的基因。在动物的进化中肿瘤是极大的威胁，而物种患癌症的几率和它们的体型没有关系。在大象的案例中，TP53的形成是让这个物种存活的自然方法，因此人们有望通过合成TP53来预防癌症。
1. D 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句 A team at the University f Chicag has fund that elephants carry a large number f genes that stp tumrs develping.可知，美国芝加哥大学的一个团队发现大象携带大量阻止肿瘤发展的基因，所以D选项是正确的。
2. A 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“An increased risk f develping cancer has std in the way f the evlutin（if）f large bdy sizes in many animals,” the study.可知，在大体型的动物的进化中，患癌症的风险增加。由此可知，它们进化中致命的肿瘤是极大的威胁，所以A选项是正确的。
3. B 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句 But acrss species，the risk f cancer des nt shw a cnnectin with bdy mass.可知This phenmenn指的是物种患癌症的几率和它们的体型没有关系，所以B选项是正确的。
4. C 主旨大意题。根据最后一段最后一句 It's up t us t learn hw different animals deal with the prblem s that we can use thse strategies t prevent cancer in peple可知，我们可以使用那些策略来预防人类得癌症。而根据倒数第三段最后一句I the elephants case，the making f Tp53 is natures way f keeping this species alive.可知，TP53的形成是让大象存活的自然方法。由此推知，人们有望通过合成TP53来预防癌症。所以C选项是正确的。
Ⅱ.语篇解读：文章介绍了现在世界上农田树林占有的面积还是很大的，农民正意识到树木对人和环境的重要性。
1. G 根据设空处的前一句“Researchers using satellite images fund at least ten percent trees cver mre than ne billin hectares f farmland.”可知，此处在说树木在农田中的覆盖量的问题，G项“那几乎是世界上农田的一半。”符合上下文语
境。故选G。
2. E 根据设空处前后可知，此处在说树木在世界各地的覆盖率的排名。E项“接下来是撒哈拉以南的非洲，然后是东南亚。”符合语境。故选E。
3. B 根据设空处的前一句“And it als fund that climate cnditins alne culd nt explain the tree cver in different areas.”可知，此处在讲述造成不同地区树木覆盖率不同的因素。B项“附近的人口规模也不能意味着人和树木可以共存。”是在讨论人口和树木的关系，符合上下文语境。故选B。
4. C 根据设空处后一句“The prblem，he says，is that plicy makers and planners have been slw t recgnize this and t supprt such effrts.”可知，问题在于政策制定者和规划者迟迟不承认这一点，并不支持这种努力。C项“他说农民们正在采取行动独自保护和种植树木。”讲的是现在农民做出的努力，与后文承接，故选C。
5. F 根据设空处所在段的内容可知，这里在讲述树木的用途，F项“它们还有助于防止土壤流失和保护水供应。”也是树木的一个重要作用，所以F项内容符合上下文语境，故选F。
Ⅲ. One pssible versin:
Paragraph 1:
Tm nticed the flame was reaching up. Frzen with fear, he std rted t the spt. He cmprehended the gravity f the situatin and held Jane's hand tightly. By then, bth f them were cughing and their eyes were stinging. Time seemed t stand still thugh they were prbably there fr nly tw r three minutes. Tm begged Jane t run fr safety as quickly as pssible. Jane tried t shield her nse frm the chking smke and shk her head. She kept punding against the dr. Tm burst ut crying. Paragraph 2:
Luckily, sme neighbrs passing by stpped and ffered help. A sense f strength immediately replaced the munting fear and anxiety in Janes mind. She tld them Ms. Makcik must be still in the rm. They frced the dr pen with all their might. Sure enugh. Makcik was lying in bed, uncnscius. She was carried dwnstairs and then rushed t the hspital, where she finally came t herself. Peple in the neighbrhd felt relieved and Jane and Tm' s Jy was immense.