第19讲 翻译（讲义）-2024年中考英语一轮复习讲义（全国通用）

这是一份第19讲 翻译（讲义）-2024年中考英语一轮复习讲义（全国通用），文件包含第19讲翻译讲义-2024年中考英语一轮复习讲练测全国通用原卷版docx、第19讲翻译讲义-2024年中考英语一轮复习讲练测全国通用解析版docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共34页， 欢迎下载使用。
中考总复习一般分为三轮：
1、第一轮复习为基础知识的单元、章节复习。通过第一轮的复习，使学生系统掌握基础知识、基本技能和方法，形成明晰的知识网络和稳定的知识框架。
2、第二轮复习打破章节界限实行大单元、小综合、专题式复习。第二轮复习绝不是第一轮复习的压缩文档，而是一个知识点综合、巩固、完善、提高的过程。复习的主要任务及目标是：完成各部分知识的条 理，归纳，糅合，使各部分知识成为一个有机的整体。
3、第三轮复习是知识、能力深化巩固的阶段。复习资料的组织以中考题及模拟题为主，回扣教材，查缺补漏，进行强化训练。同时，要教给学生一些必备的应试技巧和方法，使学生有足够的自信从容地面对中考。
►第19讲 翻译（讲义）
【复习目标】
1.熟练掌握固定搭配、语法等知识
2.把握句型结构，避免中式英语
3.掌握简单有效的解题策略和正确的解题步骤
【考情分析】
翻译题命题规律
句子翻译题是各地中考必考题型，通常以汉译英为主，有时也考查英译汉。重点考查同学们的语言综合运用能力。相对整套试卷来说，这个题型难度不大，但是得分率不高。主要是基础和方法。考查的都是基础知识点，要求同学熟练掌握固定搭配、语法等知识，把握句型结构，避免中式英语。方法问题需要同学们掌握简单有效的解题策略和正确的解题步骤。
翻译题解题技巧
一、找考点及固定搭配
同学们在做翻译句子的时候，可不能随心所欲。看到一个句子，首先就要弄清楚这道题要考我们什么，这里有哪些固定搭配。要知道每个句子通常都会包含几个知识点或者说固定词语搭配。大家在做其他题型的时候也可以尝试这样做，这有利于知识点的巩固。举几个例子：
熬夜是一一个坏习惯。
(stay)__________ is a bad habit.
2.如果你在考试中保持冷静，就会考出好成绩。(keep)
If yu（）in the exam, yu will get gd grades.
3.每个人都应该在环保方面发挥作用。(play)
Everyne shuld（）the envirnmental prtectin.
4.我正在期待着高中的新生活。(lk)
I__the new life f senir high schl
我们一起来分析一下：第一题：题主要考查 “熬夜”也就是stay up这个固定短语的用法；2题考“保持冷静” keep (yur) cl／keep calm；82题考查短语“发挥重要作用”play a part in／play a rle in；3题考查短语“期待着……”lk frward t。这是解题的第一步，接下来我们开始第二步。
二、确定时态语态
时态和语态是我们初中英语学习的重点内容，也是中考英语考查的热点。我们从卷面上看，不少同学常常因为时态和语态的错误，而导致丢分。因此，大家一定要注意时态和语态，根据句意和时间状语，来确定时态语态，以便确保准确翻译。
我们接着分析上面四道题，短语确定之后，就要分析时态：
1.题是动词短语放在句首作主语，我们可以想到动名词作主语，或者是动词不定式作主语，所以正确答案为Staying up (late)／T stay up(late)；
看2题，涉及到的语法点是if引导的条件状语从句，主将从现的原则，所以if从句时态要用一般现在时即keep (yur) cl／keep calm；
3题我们看到情态动词shuld，就可以判断直接用动词原形 play a part in／play a rle in；
4题有明显的时间标志“正在”当然就是现在进行时了，答案为am lking frward t。
三、把握句型结构，避免中式英语
最后一步也很重要，我们说英语很容易受到汉语思维的影响而造成失误，怎样才能避免呢？就是需要大家灵活掌握英语的句型结构，从基本的五种简单句开始，这方面的知识在前期文章中有详细讲解，大家可以搜索查看。在汉译英中的句型大致包括简单句、并列句、复合句三种类型。对于简单句，我们需要弄清主语、谓语、宾语、定语等句子成分；对于并列句，需要把握好并列连词的运用；对于复合句，需要辨别状语从句、名词性从句、定语从句的不同用法。
举个简单的例子：翻译“你能告诉我他几岁了吗？”这个句子是一般疑问句，还要用宾语从句。根据语法规则，宾语从句要用陈述语序，所以答案为Can yu tell me hw ld he is ？。总之，解题有方法，但是更重要的是我们要有扎实的基础，在平时的英语学习中，同学们要注意词汇短语搭配的积累，同时加强汉译英翻译训练，在练习中巩固词汇。掌握方法，提升翻译能力，为取得高分打下坚实的基础。
四、常用句型及结构
It’s time t d sth./It’s time fr sth.该干……了。
如:Children,it’s time t have lunch.(Children, it’s time fr lunch.)孩子们,该吃午饭了。
It’s imprtant t d sth.做某事很重要。
如:It’s imprtant t learn English well.学好英语很重要。
It’s ne’s duty t d sth.做某事是某人的责任。
如:It’s ur duty t prtect the envirnment.保护环境是我们的责任。
It’s impssible t d sth.做某事是不可能的。
如:It’s impssible fr Taiwan t break away frm ur mtherland.台湾从祖国分裂出去是不可能的。
n matter...无论……。
如:N matter what he says,nbdy believes him.无论他说什么,没人相信他。
既不……,也不……。
如:Mary can neither sing nr dance.玛丽既不会唱歌,也不会跳舞。
It’s said that...据说……。
如:It’s said that this is the furth time the Big Ben has stpped wrking.据说这是大本钟第四次停止运转了。
太……以至于不能……。
如:She is t excited t say a wrd.她太兴奋了,以至于说不出一句话。
如此……以至于……。
如:This bx is s heavy that she can’t lift it.这个箱子如此重,以至于她提不起它。
直到……才……。
如:He didn’t g t bed until he finished his hmewrk.他直到做完作业才睡觉。
thank yu/thanks fr ding sth.感谢你做某事。
如:Thank yu fr listening t me.感谢你听我讲。
和……一样。
如:English is as imprtant as maths.英语和数学一样重要。
It takes/tk sb.sme time t d sth.做某事花费某人多少时间。
如:It tk wrkers nly seven days t build a new hspital.工人们仅用七天时间就建成了一座新医院。
要么……,要么……。
如:Yu may either stay at hme r g with us.你要么待在家里,要么跟我们一块去。
as sn as 一……就……。
如:I’ll tell him as sn as my father cmes back.我父亲一回来,我就告诉他。
knw+疑问词+不定式。
如:N ne knws what t d next.没人知道下一步该怎么办。
had better 最好。
如:Yu had better see a dctr if yu get a bad cld.如果你患了重感冒,你最好去看医生。
tell sb.t d sth.告诉某人做某事;tell sb.nt t d sth.告诉某人不要做某事。
如:He tld me nt t lse heart.他告诉我不要灰心。
I wish...
如:They hpe t win the game in the afternn.他们希望赢得下午的比赛。
We all wish him t bring us gd news.我们都希望他给我们带来好消息。
宾语从句
状语从句
定语从句
一、汉译英
1．（2023·辽宁抚顺·统考三模）只要你认真对待每一件事，你就会把它做好。
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2．（2023·辽宁抚顺·统考三模）那座房子是什么时候建的?
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3．（2023·辽宁抚顺·统考三模）没有人知道它是谁。
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4．（2023·辽宁朝阳·校联考二模）我们应该对每个帮助我们的人心存感激。

5．（2023·辽宁朝阳·校联考二模）你能告诉我去历史博物馆的路吗？

6．（2023·辽宁盘锦·校联考三模）令他感到惊讶的是，如此多的人对科幻小说感兴趣。

7．（2023·辽宁盘锦·校联考三模）据说这家餐馆已经开业半年了。

8．（2023·辽宁盘锦·校联考三模）飞机将在10分钟之后起飞。

9．（2023·山东威海·统考一模）他不知道他哥哥有没有把那本杂志还给图书馆。(汉译英)

10．（2023·山东威海·统考一模）我太害怕了，一动也不敢动。（汉译英）

二、英译汉
11．（2023·山东滨州·统考三模）ChatGPT (人工智能聊天机器人) has been very ppular all ver the wrld in the past mnths.

12．（2023·山东滨州·统考三模）Speaking English as much as pssible is the key t learning English well.

13．（2023·山东滨州·统考二模）All f us shuld knw that talent withut wrking hard is nthing.

14．（2023·山东滨州·统考二模）The mst valuable thing is health, rather than mney.

15．（2023·山东滨州·统考二模）Try and then yu can make up fr the mistakes that yu nce made.

16．（2023·山东滨州·统考二模）Our cuntry’s great achievements are frm the hard wrk f ur Party and ur peple.

17．（2023·山东滨州·统考二模）Once yu make prmises t thers yu shuld try yur best t keep them.

18．（2023·山东滨州·统考二模）Dn’t lie in bed all day. Yu are suppsed t d mre exercise in rder t keep healthy.

19．（2023·山东滨州·统考一模）Qingming is nt nly ne f China’s 24 slar terms, but als a mment fr Chinese peple t hnr lst family members.

20．（2023·山东滨州·统考一模）An hur in the mrning is wrth tw hurs in the evening.

三、语篇翻译
（2023·湖南湘西·统考三模）阅读下面的短文，将文中划线部分译成汉语或英语。
Little Wmen is set (以……为背景) in New England in the United States during the American Civil War (1861-1865). The stry fllws the lives f the fur March sisters: Meg, J, Beth, and Amy. The authr is Luisa May Alctt. 1.The bk is based n the authr’s wn experiences f grwing up with her three sisters.
2.这个故事的主题（theme）是关于家庭的重要性。 Other themes include the need t wrk and self-imprvement fr wmen.
When the stry begins, 3.the sisters are cmplaining because they are pr and have t wrk. Their mther says that they mustn’t spend mney n pleasure because there is a war and everybdy must help. Their father is in the army. Their father writes letter t his family. In the letter he tell his daughters t wrk hard and nt t waste their time. 4. 她们必须尝试接受生命中的不幸并保持乐观。 He wants t be prud f them when he cmes hme. The girls decide t make an effrt t imprve themselves because they lve and miss their father very much.
Alctt was interested in wmen’s rights. 5.Thrugh the fur March sisters, she explres different ways f being a wman in thse days. Meg leaves the family t get married and have a new family. Beth devtes (奉献) herself t lking after her wn family. Amy fcuses n herself and her wn pleasure. And J, like Alctt herself, tries t have a career (事业) in writing and care fr her family at the same time.
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（2023·辽宁抚顺·统考三模）阅读下面短文，将短文中画线部分的句子译成中文。
It is nt pssible t tell the imprtance f frests in just a few wrds. Frests influence ur daily lives in s many ways, even in the center f a busy nisy city.
Frest prducts are used in ur daily lives. 1. Almst every activity has smething t d with frests. Sme are easy t pint ut, and thers are hard t say. They can nt nly help make ur lives mre cnvenient, but als make ur Earth mre beautiful and cmfrtable.
Frests help prtect the sea, and the earth is in gd health because f them. Over the past 50 years, abut half the wrld’s frests have been lst.2. The mst imprtant reasn fr that is plluting the envirnment and cutting dwn trees.
As this ges n, it’ll be harder and harder fr us t survive n the Earth.
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（2023·湖南株洲·统考一模）根据上下文内容，将文中画线部分译成汉语或者英语。
1. Every ne f us, rich r pr, shuld at least have ne r tw gd friends. Yur friends will listen t yu when yu speak, will take care f yu when yu are sick, and will be with yu in yur jurney thrugh life.
2. 每个人都需要朋友。Friendship can make us happier. Hw can we find a gd friend and get n well with each ther? Here is sme advice.
★3.Make friends with a persn wh is easy t get alng with.
★Yu shuld make friends with a persn wh has smething in cmmn with yu.
★Give yur friend a hand when he r she is in truble. Friends shuld always be ready t help each ther.
★Believe in each ther. 4 .这是友谊中最重要的事情。
★Even the best friends may have a quarrel smetimes. 5. If this happens dn’t let yur quarrel last t lng. Try t make up with yur friends sn.
Friendship is a kind f treasure in ur life. It is like a bttle f wine. The lnger it is kept, the better it will be.
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（2023·湖南株洲·统考二模）根据上下文内容，将文中画线部分译成汉语或者英语。
Maybe yu are a cmmn student. Yu prbably think yu will never be a tp student. 1.Hwever, anyne can becme a better student if he r she wants t. Here’s hw:
Plan yur time carefully. When yu plan yur week, yu shuld make a list f things that yu have t d. After making this list, yu shuld make a schedule f yur time. First yur time fr eating, sleeping, dressing, and s n. Then decide a gd, regular time fr studying. And the time fr rest. A weekly schedule can make yu realize what is happening t yur time.
2.找一个好地方学习。Lk arund the huse fr a gd study area. Keep this space, which may be a desk r simply a crner f yur rm. N games, radis, r televisin! 3.When yu sit dwn t study, yu shuld pay attentin n the study.
Make gd use f yur time in class. Listen t everything the teachers say carefully. 4.Really listening in class means less wrk after class. Taking ntes will help yu remember what the teacher says.
Study regularly. When yu get hme frm schl, g ver yur ntes. Review the imprtant pints that yur teacher taught in class. Review the knwledge can make yu remember it lnger.
Develp a gd attitude abut tests. The purpse f a test is t shw what yu learn abut a subject. They help yu remember yur new knwledge. 5.世界不会因为你考试不及格而灭亡，所以不用太担心。
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（2023·湖南株洲·统考二模）根据上下文内容，将文中划线部分译成汉语或者英语。
Fujian Tulu is a kind f huse in the muntain areas f Fujian Prvince. It is knwn as the Ancient Oriental (东方的) Castle. Frty-six Fujian Tulu places were added t the Wrld Heritage List (世界文化遗产名录) in 2008.
Fujian Tulu is usually a large, enclsed earthen building with thick earth walls. 1. 尽管它们相互看起来都很相似，但每一栋都是特别的。Mst f the buildings, usually three t fur flrs, are like a circle, but sme are like a rectangle (矩形). 2. The design f Tulu fllws the traditinal Chinese huse idea f “clsed utside and pen inside”. Jiqing Building, built in 1419, is the ldest circular Tulu in Yngding District, Lngyan, Fujian. Hegui Building in Nanjing cunty is the tallest rectangular Tulu in the prvince. It is 21.5 meters high.
Tulu was a great place fr peple there t prtect themselves. While Tulu means “earthen buildings” in Chinese, the buildings were made f far mre than just mud. Peple used lcal river stnes, bamb, sand and lime (石灰) t build them, as well. 3. In ancient times, the buildings als included strng gates, water wells and tunnels (地道) fr running away.
Tulu is like a village. The families wh live there have their wn rms. 4. 在节日或一些重要的日子里，他们经常在院子里聚会。Peple wh live in Tulu are mstly Hakka (客家人). And Tulu can be seen in many places. 5. Besides Fujian Prvince, the buildings are als seen in Guangdng Prvince and Jiangxi Prvince. While the buildings are nw pen t turists, there are still peple living in them.
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（2023·湖南永州·统考二模）阅读下面的短文，然后将划线部分的句子译成汉语或英语。
“If he desn’t call me, I’m ging t die!” 1.那是一种十分正常的感觉。It means yu are “in lve”—kind f. It’s puppy lve(早恋) nt true lve, yet.
2.Puppy lve is cmmn amng students all ver the wrld. In the West, peple think puppy lve is a healthy part f a teenager’s life. In China, parents and teachers think it’s a prblem .
Puppy lve is beautiful. It’s cl t lve smene, r be lved by smene else instead f yur mther r yur dg. 3.它能使你成为一个更好的人。Yu will knw hw t use yur lve t help thers.
If yu find yurself “in lve “it’s OK, ! Nw yu have lts f imprtant things t d. Think f these questins: Will yu lve him r her ten years later? D yu have enugh educatin t find a gd jb and live a happy life with the persn yu lve in the future? 4.What wuld yu d if yu fund smene better than him r her? I bet(打赌) yu are nt sure f these answers. Why? Because yu are t yung t understand the true lve.
5.True lve will cme when yu grw up. Nw, yu shuld try t be the best persn yu can be, and d the very best yu can. That means ding well at schl and being a gd sn r daughter first.
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（2023·湖南湘西·统考中考真题）阅读下面的短文，将文中画线部分译成汉语或英语。
Hw d yu get t schl? 71. D yu walk t schl r ride a bike? D yu g by bus r by train? 72.对许多学生来说，去学校很容易。But fr the students in ne small village in China, it’s difficult. 73. There is a very big river between their schl and the village. There is n bridge and the river runs t quickly fr bats. S these students g n a rpeway t crss the river t schl.
One 11-year-ld by, Liangliang, crsses the river every schl day. But he is nt afraid because he lves schl. “74.我喜欢和我同学一起玩。And I lve my teacher. He is like a father t me.”
Many f the students and villagers never leave the village. It is their dream t have a bridge. 75. I’m sure their dream can cme true.
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（2023·湖南湘潭·统考中考真题）阅读下面的短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文。
Gd afternn, everyne. It’s my hnr t be the first speaker. I’m Michelle frm the prs (正方). 1. We agree that kids shuld share chres at hme. And we have the fllwing reasns.
T begin with, kids need t knw it is their duty t d chres. 2.他们与父母生活在一起。They shuld knw that if they want t have a clean and cmfrtable hme, everyne shuld d their part. 3. Fr example. kids can d the dishes r clean the rms. Sharing husewrk als helps them t understand the idea f fairness.
Then, ding chres tgether helps bring the family clser. When kids help mm fld the clthes, they can have lvely chats abut what has happened during the day. 4 It’s helpful fr kids t relax. Besides, just as the saying ges “Many hands make easy wrk.”, the chres will be finished mre easily if everyne des smething.
Lastly, ding chres helps the kids t grw. 5.它教会孩子们照顾自己 and helps develp their independence. S the earlier kids learn t be independent, the better it is fr their future.
Thank yu!
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（2023·辽宁阜新·统考中考真题）阅读下面短文，将短文中画线部分的句子翻译成中文。
We spend abut ne-third f ur lives asleep. Sleep is imprtant t us. A gd sleep gives us energy and makes us feel happier. If yu need sme gd sleep, yu can try the new bus service in Hng Kng. Hng Kng has pened a “Sleeping Bus Tur”. 1. The five-hur ride is fr peple wh can’t sleep well at night. Passengers can get eye masks, ear plugs (耳塞) and s n fr better sleep.
Why d buses make peple sleepy? Buses are a perfect envirnment that prduces white nise. Buses get crwded with peple ging t and frm wrk every day. Carbn dixide (二氧化碳) increases when there are lts f peple in a small place. When yu were a baby, yu were rcked (摇晃) t sleep. Sitting n a bus gives peple similar experiences. Their rcking mvements make peple want t clse their eyes. 2. Yu may find it easy t fall asleep during the lng bus trip.
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（2023·湖南邵阳·统考中考真题）阅读下面短文，将文中画线的句子译成汉语或英语。
What d yu like t d in yur free time? 1. Different peple have different answers. Fr the 3-grader Chen Yunxi, it’s rck climbing.
Chen is frm Shenzhen. She is tall and thin, and has lng black hair. 2. 像许多其他女孩一样，她最喜欢的颜色是粉色。But her hbby is very different—it’s rck climbing.
3. She started rck climbing when she was nly fur years ld. She lves it s much that she trains very hard. Last Nvember, 8-year-ld Chen successfully finished the wild rck climbing rute “CHINA CLIMB” in Yangshu, Guangxi. That makes her the yungest climber in China t finish the 5.14A level climbing rute.
4. 她有一个梦想。She wants t take part in the Olympics. She thinks that the happiest thing in the wrld is just t fight fr her dream. 5. She says she will train hard t make her dream cme true.
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（2023·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）阅读下面短文，将短文中划线部分的句子翻译成中文。
A gd memry has t d with many things, such as fcus and interest. Yu might have a fantastic memry fr sprting numbers but n head fr math. 1. This happens because yu lve sprts and hate math.
Learning needs attentin. Yu need 8 secnds t understand a piece f infrmatin and keep it in the memry, s try t fcus n ne thing when yu want t remember it. 2. The best time fr learning is the early mrning. This is the time when ur brains are the mst active. We take in and wrk ut infrmatin quickly at that time.
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（2023·辽宁抚顺·统考中考真题）阅读下面短文，将短文中画线部分的句子译成中文。
If yu are an animal-lver, and yu’d like t wrk with animals, yu can chse ne f the fllwing jbs as yu like.
First, wrking as an animal behaviur（行为）scientist is interesting. The wrk is t watch animals carefully and understand hw animals live as a grup. 1. Yu can learn abut their prblems and prtect them. Secnd, yu can be a z vet（兽医）. Yu might wrk with birds, fish r even a lin! As a z vet, yu knw the animals well and see them right nw if they are sick. 2. Smetimes, yu tell stries abut animals t peple wh visit the z. Third, an animal nutritinist（营养师）can make the right fd fr the animals.
There are many ther jbs wrking with animals. Just find smething right fr yu.
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（2023·辽宁·统考中考真题）阅读下面短文，将短文中画线部分的句子译成中文。
Happy birthday! Yu have grwn a little mre. Everybdy has a birthday party every year. But what abut trees? Trees dn’t have birthday parties. They have rings (年轮). Hw can we knw a tree’s age? 1. We can cunt its rings. The rings are inside the trunk (树干). A ring has a light part and a dark part. The light parts shw winter and spring. The dark parts shw summer and autumn. Each tree ring means ne year. S an ld tree has many rings. 2. If yu want t see the rings inside a tree, yu need t cut it dwn. But n ne wants t d that.
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目录
一
复习目标
掌握目标及备考方向
二
考情分析
翻译题中考考情分析
三
翻译题
的考向
熟练掌握固定搭配、语法等知识
2.把握句型结构，避免中式英语
3.掌握简单有效的解题策略和正确的解题步骤
4.提升必考题型归纳
四
真题感悟
中考翻译题经典考题精选