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    人教版高中英语选择性必修第一册Unit1词汇情景破练习

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    高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement课后练习题

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    这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement课后练习题,共15页。
    Artemisinin has becme a vital part f the treatment fr malaria,and is thught t save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alne.(教材P2)青蒿素已经成为疟疾治疗的一个极其重要的部分,并且被认为仅在非洲一年就挽救了10万条生命。
    情景导学
    Vitamins are vital fr health维生素对健康极其重要。
    Perseverance is vital t success坚持不懈对成功极其重要。
    In the current wrld it is vital fr a business t have a website f its wn在当今世界,一个企业拥有自己的网站极其重要。
    It is vital that every child(shuld)enjy the right t educatin.每个孩子都(应)享有受教育的权利,这极其重要。
    归纳拓展
    ① be vital对 / ( ) (做)某事极其重要
    ② it is vital that sb. ( ) sth.某人做某事极其重要
    ③ it is vital fr…t d sth.
    ④ think it vital t d sth.认为做某事极其重要
    链接高考
    单句语法填空
    1-1(2019天津,阅读理解A,★★☆)
    Understanding histry is vital t understand urselves as a peple and as a natin.
    1-2(2018江苏,阅读理解C,★★☆)
    Technlgy is vital agricultural develpment
    1-3(2018江苏,阅读理解D,★★☆)
    It's vital new cmpulsry age apprpriate relatinship and sex educatin lessns in England shuld help equip children t deal with the grwing demands f scial media.
    单句表达
    1-4(2015江苏,书面表达,★★☆)更糟糕的是,有些司机、骑自行车者和行人
    (pedestrian)并不认为遵守交通规则十分重要。


    知识点2 cmmitted adj. 尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的
    Tu Yuyu,a cmmitted and patient scientist,was brn in Ningb,China,n 30 December 1930,and graduated frm Peking University Medical Schl in1955.(教材P2)屠呦呦是一位坚定且有耐心的科学家,她1930年12月30日出生
    于中国宁波,1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。
    情景导学
    Bth sides cmmitted themselves t settle/settling the disagreement peacefully双方承诺和平解决争端。
    He has made a cmmitment t stp smking.他已经承诺戒烟了
    The develpment area is cmmitted t creating a perfect Investment envirnment开发区致力于创造一个完美的投资环境。
    归纳拓展
    ①Cmmit neself t d/ding sth.
    ②make t d sth. 承诺做某事
    ③be cmmitted t ding sth.
    ④ make a cmmitment t sth.对某事做出承诺
    ⑤ cmmit v.做出(错或非法的事);承诺;保证;忠于(某个人、机构等);全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
    单句语法填空
    2-1(2019天津,阅读理解D,★)
    Hwever,we can achieve meaning nly if we have made a (cmmit) t smething larger than ur wn little egs(自我).
    2-2(2017天津,阅读理解A改编,★)
    The mst awkward email mistake (cmmit)usually in anger.
    2-3(2017江苏,完形填空,)But he quickly fund that he lved playing this instrument,and was cmmitted t (practice)it s that within a cuple f mnths he was playing reasnably well.
    完成句子
    2-4(2016江苏,完形填空,★)但是更重要的是,我们承诺作为一对夫妇共同成长。
    But mre imprtantly,we grw tgether as a cuple.
    知识点3
    acknwledge vt.承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢
    Hwever,Tu Yuyu wuld nt acknwledge defeat(教材P2)然而,屠呦呦不承认失败
    情景导学
    They acknwledged that they were defeated.他们承认他们被打败了。
    It is universally acknwledged that trees are vital t ur life.人们普遍认为,树木对我们的生活极其重要。
    Lang Lang is acknwledged as/t be a wrld-class yung pianist.郎朗被认为是一名世界级青年钢琴演奏家。
    归纳拓展
    ① that.……承认……
    ② / 被认为
    ③It that人们认为
    ④ acknwledgement n承认;感谢
    单句语法填空
    3-1(2019课标全国Ⅱ,语法填空,★★☆)
    Her years f hard wrk have finally been (acknwledge) after a custmer nminated(提名)her t be Cheshire's Wman Of The Year.
    3-2(2018北京,阅读理解A改编,★)
    The authr mentined the P.E. class (acknwledge)the supprt f his teacher
    3-3(2015上海,阅读理解C,★)
    And thugh ne f the executives (acknwledge)that Brutus had the gd f the republic in mind,Caesar was nevertheless his superir.
    知识点4 mstly adv. 主要地;一般地;多半地
    Passages like this are mst ften written in bth active and passive vices and mstly cntain facts.(教材P3)像这样的文章经常主要用主动和被动两种语态来写,一般包括事实。
    情景导学
    Yur future depends n many things,but mstly n yurself.你的未来取决于很多事情,但主要取决于你自己。
    Mst f the schl clubs are self--funded.大多数学校社团是自费的。
    归纳拓展
    mst作“大多数”讲时,为限定词或代词,可构成“mst+名词”或“mst+the+名词”;mstly为副词,可置于句中,修饰词短语、形容词、副词等,常作程度状语。
    用mst或 mstly填空
    4-1(2019课标全国Ⅲ,阅读理解C,★)
    Befre the 1830s, newspapers were sld thrugh annual subscriptins in America,usually $8 t $10 a year
    4-2(2019课标全国Ⅰ,阅读理解C改编,★★)
    The researchers say that the keybard is made f inexpensive,plastic-like parts.
    单句改错
    4-3(2017课标全国Ⅲ,阅读理解B,★★★)
    Nw the area is mst ffice buildings and warehuses.

    知识点5 cnclusin n结论;推论;结束;结尾Did yu cme t any cnclusins?(教材P4)你得出什么结论了吗?
    情景导学
    He came t/arrived at the cnclusin that the machine was ut f rder他断定那台机器出了毛病。
    I shuldn't jump t cnclusins.我不该草率地下结论。
    In cnclusin,I wuld like t gratefully acknwledge financial supprt frm the lcal businesses.最后,我要衷心感谢当地企业的财务资助。
    The stry cncluded with a happy ending这个故事以美满的结局结束.
    归纳拓展
    ①cme /arrive reach/draw the cnclusin+ 引导的同位语从句推断出……,得出……的结论
    ② t a/the cnclusin/cnclusins草率下结论
    ③ sth.以某事结束
    ④ = t cnclude最后(后者较少使用)
    ⑤ bring.t a cnclusin结束(讲话等)
    单句语法填空
    5-1(2019课标全国I,阅读理解D,★)
    …Dr.Prinstein came anther cnclusin:Nt nly is likability related t psitive life utcmes,but it is als respnsible fr thse utcmes,t.
    5-2(2019江苏,任务型阅读改编,★★)
    It's hardly an bvius cnclusin this is a gd way t survive. A chimpanzee(黑猩猩)can tear the man apart like a rag dll.
    5-3(2019课标全国I,阅读理解B,★★)
    When he brings his speech t a nice (cnclude),Whaley invites the rest f the class t praise him.
    54(2019天津,阅读理解C,★★)
    What cnclusin can (draw) frm the examples in Paragraph 4?
    知识点6 circumstance n.[usually pl.]条件;环境;状况
    Under n circumstances shuld we d terrible things t ther peple.(教材P10)在任何情况下我们都不应该对他人做有害的事。
    情景导学
    Under/In n circumstances shuld yu lend Paul mney.无论如何你都不能借钱给保罗。
    Under/in the circumstances, it seemed better nt t tell him abut the accident.在这种情况下,不告诉他有关这次事故的情况似乎更好。
    归纳拓展
    ①in/under 无论如何都不,决不(置于句首时,要用倒装语序)。表示“决不”,置于句首时需用倒装语序的介词短语还有:in n case、n n accunt、in n wav和 by n means等
    ②in/under circumstances在这种情况下;既然如此
    ③a victim f(the/sb.'s)circumstance(circumstance作“客观环境”讲时是不可数名词)客观环境的牺牲品
    单句语法填空
    6-1(2019课标全国Ⅱ,七选五,★)
    Yur persnal (circumstance)are equally imprtant. Fr example,yu may want t be a pilt but can't becme ne because yur eyesight is nt gd enugh完成句子
    6-2(2019天津改编,12,★)教授警告学生们,在他的课堂上无论如何都不能使用手机。
    The prfessr warned the students that shuld they use mbile phnes in his class
    单句改错
    6-3(2015课标全国I,七选五,)
    If yu've been betrayed,yu are the victim f yur circumstances.

    知识点7 passin n酷爱;激情
    While wrking there,ut f a strng passin fr knwledge,he cntinued t study,earning a dctrate in physics in1905.(教材P8)在那里工作期间,出于对知识的酷爱,他继续学习,于1905年获得了物理学博士学位
    情景导学
    The English have a passin fr gardens.英国人酷爱花园。
    As a singer with a burning passin fr Chinese classical music,Hu Zun successfully cmbined the styles f traditinal Peking Opera with his sngs.作为一名对中国古典音乐有着炙热之爱的歌手,霍尊成功地将传统的京剧风格与他的歌
    曲相融合。
    Muntaineering is his passin.他酷爱登山。
    归纳拓展
    ①have a passin fr(ding)sth.
    ②with a burning passin fr…
    ③be sb. 's passin
    ④ passinate adj.情意绵绵的;热诚的;狂热的
    单句语法填空
    7-1(2019天津,阅读理解B改编,★)
    The authr takes nvel reading as a way t develp a passin fr (learn).
    7-2(2017课标全国I,阅读理解A,★)
    Since 1962.Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passin(热情)
    discvery and lifelng learning in science,math and technlgy.
    7-3(2017天津,阅读表达,★★★)
    We are bth (passin)abut acting which cmes frm us being s interested in peple.
    单句表达
    7-4(2019江苏,阅读理解D,★★)
    他酷爱音乐,尽管他从未在家庭之外表演过。

    知识点8 cnsequence n结果;后果
    As a cnsequence,he had t flee Germany.(教材P8)结果,他只好逃离德国。
    情景导学
    My father cughs frequently as a cnsequence f/in cnsequence f smking因为吸烟,我父亲经常咳嗽。
    Yu made the wrng decisin and nw yu must take the cnsequences.你做了这个错误的决定,现在你必须承担后果。
    The warming f the Earth and the cnsequent climatic changes affect us al球变暖以及随之而来的气候变化影响着我们所有人。
    归纳拓展
    ① a cnsequence f… cnsequence f…因为…
    ② the cnsequences承担后果
    ③ cnsequent adj.
    ④ cnsequently adv.结果
    ⑤ in cnsequence= as a cnsequence因此
    单句语法填空
    8-1(2019课标全国I,阅读理解D,★)
    Enviable as the cl kids may have seemed. Dr. Prinstein's studies shw unpleasant (cnsequence).Thse wh were highest in status in high schl as well as thse least liked in elementary schl,are“mst likely t engage(从事)in dangerus and risky behavir”.
    8-2(2019北京,阅读理解B,★)
    She als apprached dentists t learn mre abut teeth cleaning. (cnsequent),she succeeded in making a kind f candy nly using natural sweeteners,which can reduce ral bacteria
    8-3(★★)This led t an unexpected (cnsequent),thugh she had a wnderful time there.
    知识点9 sum up总结;概括;总和
    Use yur ntes t write yur intrductin and sum up hw yu feel abut this persn(教材P9)利用你的笔记来写你的介绍,并总结关于这个人你的感受如何。
    情景导学
    He applied a large sum f mney t charity.他把一大笔钱用于慈善。
    T sum up,there are three main ways t slve the prblem概括起来,这个问题主要有三种解决方法。
    In summary,ur cmpany shuld be the best chice fr yu.总之,我们公司应该会是你最好的选择
    归纳拓展
    ① mney一大笔钱
    ② up概括起来,总之
    ③ 概括起来,总之
    单句语法填空
    9-1(2016课标全国Ⅱ,七选五,★)
    Have yu ever visited a garden that seemed just right fr yu,where the atmsphere f the garden appeared t ttal mre than sum(总和)f its parts?
    9-2(2016上海,听力改编,★)Fr the lcal family in need f help,they gt sum f mney.
    9-3 (2015上海,阅读理解B,★)
    sum up,The Curse f the Were-Rabbit is an amazing film which is suitable fr bth children and adults.
    答案:
    知识点1
    ①fr/t ding sth. ② shuld d ③对……来说做某事极其重要
    1-1 understanding句意:了解历史对于把我们自己be vital t ding sth. 对做某事极其重要。故填 understanding,t作为一个民族和国家来了解极其重要。
    1-2 fr句意:技术对农业发展极其重要。be vital fr...对……极其重要。
    1-3 that It is vital+that从句,从句用虚拟语气,即谓语动词用“(shuld+)动词原形”,其中 shuld可以省略。
    1-4 What's wrse,sme drivers,cyclists and pedestrians d nt think it vital t bey traffic rules
    知识点2
    ①承诺/保证做某事、遵守协议或遵从安排等 ②a cmmitment ③致力于做某事
    2-1 cmmitment make a cmmitment t sth.对某事做出承诺,故填 cmmitment
    2-2 is cmmitted句意:最尴尬的邮件错误通常是在生气的时候犯的。cmmit在此处的意思是“做出(错的事)”,mistake与 cmmit之间是被动关系,所以用被动语态,且此处陈述的是一种客观事实,所以用一般现在时,故填 is cmmitted
    2-3 practicing句意:但是,他很快发现他喜欢弹奏这种乐器,并且致力于练习它,以至于几个月之内他就弹得相当好了。be cmmitted t ding sth.意为“致力于做某事”,故用动名词形式。
    2-4 made a cmmitment t
    知识点3
    ① acknwledge ② be acknwledged as/t be ③is acknwledged
    3-1 acknwledged句意:在一位顾客提名她为柴郡年度女性之后,她多年的辛劳终于得到了认可。“have been+过去分词”为现在完成时的被动语态形式,故填 acknwledged。
    3-2t acknwledge句意:作者提及休育课是为了感谢他的老师的支持。由句意可知此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。
    3-3 acknwledged分析可知设空处作谓语动词,由本句语境可知此处应用一般过去时,故填acknwledged
    知识点4f动;介
    4-1mst句意:在19世纪30年代之前,在美国,大多数报纸是通过年度订阅来出售的,通常每年8美元到10美元。mst限定名词 newspapers,意为“大多数”。
    4-2mst!mstly修饰谓语动词 is made f,意为“主要地”。
    4-3mst改为 mstly句意:现在,这个地区主要是办公大楼和仓库。mstly为副词,意为“主要地”,在此处修饰系动词is。
    知识点5
    ①t;at;that②jump③ cnclude with④in cnclusin
    5-1 t cme t anther cnclusin为固定搭配,意为“得出另一个结论”。故填t。
    5-2that设空处引导同位语从句,解释说明cnclusin的具体内容,故填that
    5-3 cnclusin句意:在他完美结束他的演讲后Whaley邀请班上其他同学称赞他。依据空前的 a nice可知此处用名词形式,bring.t a cnclusin结束
    5-4 be drawn句意:从第4段中的例子可以得出什么结论?cnclusin与draw之间是被动关系,故用被动语态,填 be drawn。
    知识点6
    ① n circumstances ②the
    6-1 circumstances句意:你个人的条件同样很重要例如,你可能想当一名飞行员,但是因为视力不够好而不能成为一名飞行员。circumstance表示条件时为可数名词,空后有are,故用复数名词。
    6-2 in/under n circumstances/n n accunt
    6-3 circumstances改为 circumstance a victim f sb.’s circumstance为固定搭配,意为“客观环境的牺牲品”,其中 circumstance为不可数名词
    知识点7
    ①对(做)某事酷爱②对……有着炙爱③某人酷爱
    7-1 learn ing句意:作者把小说阅读当作培养学习热情的一种方法。fr为介词,后接动名词
    7-2 fr句意:自1962年以来,太平洋科学中心一直在激发人们对于科学、数学和科技方而的探索和终生学习的热情。a passin fr.意为“对于…的热情”73 passinate考查词性转换。句意:我们两个都热衷于表演,这源于我们对人都特别感兴趣。passinate意为“狂热的”,be passinate abut对…热。
    7-4 .Music was his passin,thugh he had never perfrmed utside the family.
    知识点8
    ①as;in ②take ③随之发生的
    8-1 cnsequences句意:尽管酷酷的小孩可能让人嫉妒,Prinstein博士的研究却显示了负面的结果。那些在中学校园地位最高的人和那些在小学最不被喜欢的人“最有可能做出危险行为”。Cnsequence作“结果”讲为可数名词,设空处前无冠词,可数名词要用复数形式,故填 cnsequences
    8-2 Cnsequently句意:她也找牙医去更多地了解牙齿清洁。结果,她成功地只用天然甜味剂做出了种糖果,这些天然甜味剂可以减少口腔细菌。cnsequently意为“因此,所以”,表示一种因果关系。
    8-3 cnsequence an unexpected cnsequence意为“出乎意料的结果”。
    知识点9
    ① a large sum f ②t sum ③in Summary/sum
    9-1 the句意:你曾经参观过这样一种正适合你的花园吗?在那里,花园的氛围似乎完全胜过它各个部分的总和。此处表特指,意为“各个部分的总和”,故用定冠词the。
    9-2a句意:对于需要帮助的当地家庭来说,他们得到了一笔钱。a sum f mney意为“一笔钱”,故填不定冠词a。
    9-3T句意:总之,《超级无敌掌门狗:人兔的诅咒》是一部神奇的电影,既适合孩子也适合成年人。t sum up总之。

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