2022年高三英语复习与训练十三句子的种类
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这是一份2022年高三英语复习与训练十三句子的种类,共8页。试卷主要包含了 句子的种类等内容,欢迎下载使用。
13. 句子的种类
(一)按使用目的,句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
1)陈述句(Declarative Sentences):说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。例如:
Light travels faster than sund. 光比声传播速度快。(说明事实)
The film is rather bring. 这部电影很乏味。(说明看法)
2)疑问句(Interrgative Sentences):提出问题。有以下四种:
a. 一般疑问句(General Questins):
Can yu finish the wrk in time? 你能按时完成工作吗?
b. 特殊疑问句(Wh-Questins):
Where d yu live? 你住那儿?
c. 选择疑问句(Alternative Questins):
D yu want tea r cffee? 你是要茶还是要咖啡?
d. 反意疑问句(Tag-Questins):
He desn't knw her, des he? 他不认识她,对不对?
3)祈使句(Imperative Sentences):提出请求,建议或发出命令。例如:
Dn't be nervus! 别紧张!
4)感叹句(Exclamatry Sentences):表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪。例如:
What gd news it is! 多好的消息啊!
(二)句子按其结构可以分为以下三类:
1)简单句(Simple Sentences):只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句。例如:
She is fnd f cllecting stamps. 她喜欢集邮。
2)并列句(Cmpund Sentences):包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句,句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接。例如:
The fd was gd, but he had little appetite. 食物很精美,但他却没什么胃口。
3)复合句(Cmplex Sentences):包含一个主句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句,从句由从属连词引导。例如:
The film had begun when we gt t the cinema. 我们到达电影院的时候,电影已经开演了。
(三)基本句型(Basic Sentence Patterns):英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的:
1) 主 + 动(SV)例如:I wrk. 我工作。
2)主 + 动 + 表(SVP)例如:Jhn is busy. 约翰忙。
3)主 + 动 + 宾(SVO)例如:She studies English. 她学英语。
4)主 + 动 + 宾 + 补(SVOC)例如:Time wuld prve me right. 时间会证明我是对的。
5)主 + 动 + 间宾 + 直宾(SVOiOd)例如:My mther made me a new dress. 我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。
13.1 祈使句结构
祈使句用以表达命令,要求,请求,劝告等。
1)祈使句有两种类型,一种是以动词原形开头,在动词原形之前加d (但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子)。例如:
Take this seat. 坐这儿。
D be careful. 务必小心。
否定结构:例如:
Dn't mve. 不准动。
Dn't be late. 不要迟到。
2)第二种祈使句以let开头。
Let 的反意疑问句:
a. Let's 包括说话者。例如:
Let's have anther try, shall we / shan't we? = Shall we have anther try? 我们再试一次,如何?
b. Let us 不包括说话者。例如:
Let us have anther try,will yu / wn't yu? = Will yu please let us have anther try? 你让我们再试一次,好吗?
否定结构:例如:
Let's nt talk f that matter. 不要谈这件事。
Let us nt talk f that matter. 你不要让我们谈这件事。
13.2 感叹句结构
感叹句通常有what, hw引导,表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情。what修饰名词,hw 修饰形容词,副词或动词,感叹句结构主要有以下几种:
掌握它的搭配,即掌握了感叹句的重点。
Hw +形容词+ a +名词+ 陈述语序。例如:Hw clever a by he is! 他是多聪明的孩子!
Hw+形容词或副词+陈述语序。例如:Hw lvely the baby is! 小毛头真可爱!
What +名词+陈述语序。例如:What nise they are making! 他们真吵!
What +a+形容词+名词+陈述语序。例如:What a clever by he is! 他是多聪明的孩子!
What+ 形容词+复数名词+陈述语序。例如:What wnderful ideas (we have)! 我们的主意真棒!
What+ 形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序。例如:What cld weather it is! 多冷的天!
What a clever by he is!的省略形式为:What a clever by!
典型例题
1)___ fd yu've cked!
A. Hw a nice B. What a nice C. Hw nice D. What nice
答案D. 由于Hw 修饰形容词,副词;what修饰名词。且fd为不可数名词,因此A,B 排除。C的 Hw + adj. 后面不能再加名词,因此只有D正确,其句型为What + adj. +n. (不可数)。
2)___terrible weather we've been having these days!
A. What B. What a C. Hw D. Hw a
答案A. weather为不可数名词,B,D排除。C为hw + adj. 后面不应有名词。只有A,符合句型What +形容词+不可数名词。
3) --- _____ I had!
--- Yu really suffered a lt.
A. What a time B. What time C. Hw a time D. hw time
答案A. 感叹句分两类:
1:What + n.+主谓部分
2:Hw + adj. / adv. / v.+主谓部分。本题属第一种,但省略了bad,相对于 What a bad time I had! 这是个习惯用语。
13.3 强调句结构
常用的强调句结构是it 引导的句子,结构为It is(was)+ 被强调部分+ that (wh) + 句子的其余部分。此结构强调的成分限于主语,宾语和状语。例如:
It is frm the sun that we get light and heat. 我们是从太阳那儿获取光和热。
It was nt until I had read yur letter that I understd the true state f affairs. 知道读了你的信,我才知道实际情形。
典型例题
1)It was last night ___ I see the cmet.
A. the time B. when C. that D. which
答案C. 强调句的结构是: It +be +强调部分 + that (wh))+ 主谓句。 强调句的连词只有两个,that和wh。当强调的部分是人,且为句子的主语时,才用 "wh",其余用that。再如:原句:My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调主语: It was my father wh did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调宾语: It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.
强调时间: It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. (注意不用when)
强调地点: It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.
2)It is ten years ___ Miss Green returned t Canada.
A. that B. when C. since D. as
答案C. 考点是连词用法。本题易误选为A. that. 其实本句不是强调句。若是,去掉It be… that还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉 'It is…that',只剩下ten years Miss Green returned t Canada. 不成句。因此本句不是强调句。
13.4 用助动词进行强调
句子的强调句还可以用助动词d (did,des) 强调谓语。例如:
She des like this hrse. 她的确喜欢这匹马。
Please d take care f yurself. 千万保重。
13.5 反意疑问句
1) 陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用 aren't I。例如:
I'm as tall as yur sister, aren't I? 我跟你姐一样高,对吗?
2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑问部分要用may +主语。例如:
I wish t have a wrd with yu, may I? 我想与你说句话,行吗?
3) 陈述部分用 n, nthing, nbdy, never, few, seldm, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义。例如:Sme plants never blwn (开花), d they ? 有些植物从不开花,对吗?
4) 含有ught t 的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用shuldn't / ughtn't +主语。例如:
He ught t knw what t d, ughtn't he? / shuldn't he? 他应该知道该做什么,对吗?
5) 陈述部分有have t +v. (had t + v.),疑问部分常用dn't +主语(didn't +主语)。例如:
We have t get there at eight tmrrw, dn't we? 我们要在明天早上八点到达那儿,是吗?
6) 陈述部分的谓语是used t 时,疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。例如:
He used t take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he? 他以前常在那儿拍照,是吗?
7) 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't yu? 例如:
Yu'd better read it by yurself, hadn't yu? 你最好自己去读,好吗?
8) 陈述部分有wuld rather +v.,疑问部分多用 wuldn't +主语。例如:
He wuld rather read it ten times than recite it, wuldn't he? 他宁可读十遍也不愿意背诵,是吗?
9) 陈述部分有Yu'd like t +v. 疑问部分用wuldn't +主语。例如:
Yu'd like t g with me, wuldn't yu? 你想和我们一块去,对吗?
10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定。例如:
He must be a dctr, isn't he? 他肯定是医生,是吗?
Yu must have studied English fr three years, haven't yu? / didn't yu? 你一定读过三年英语,对吗?
He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he? 他肯定是在昨天完成任务的,是吗?
11) 感叹句中,疑问部分用be +主语。例如:
What clrs, aren't they? 多漂亮的颜色,是吗?
12) 陈述部分由neither… nr, either… r 连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。
Neither yu nr I am engineer, are we? 你不是工程师,我也不是,对吗?
13) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nthing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。例如:
Everything is ready, isn't it? 一切就绪,是吗?
14) 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句,疑问部分有三种情况:
a. 并列复合句疑问部分,谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。例如:
Mr. Smith had been t Beijing fr several times, he shuld have been in China nw, shuldn't he?
史密斯先生曾几次去过北京,按理说他现在应该在中国,是吗?
b. 带有定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定。例如:
He said he wanted t visit Japan, didn't he? 他说他想去日本看看,他是那样说的吗?
c. 陈述部分主句为第一人称,谓语是think, believe, expect, suppse, imagine等引导的定语从句,疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。例如:
I dn't think he is bright, is he? 我认为他并不聪明,是吗?
We believe she can d it better, can't she? 我们相信她能做得更好,她能吗?
15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybdy, anyne, smebdy, nbdy, n ne等,疑问部分常用复数they,有时也用单数he。例如:
Everyne knws the answer, dn't they? (des he?) 人人都知道答案,是这样吧?
Nbdy knws abut it, d they? (des he?) 没人知道这件事,是吧?
16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。例如:
We need nt d it again, need we ? 我们不必重做一遍,是吗?
He dare nt say s, dare he? 他不敢这样说,是吗?
当dare, need 为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词d + 主语。例如:
She desn't dare t g hme alne, des she? 她不敢独自回家,是吗?
17) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用will yu。例如:
Dn't d that again, will yu? 别再这样做,好吗?
G with me, will yu / wn't yu ? 跟我走吧,好吗?
注意:Let's 开头的祈使句,后用shall we?
Let us 开头的祈使句,后用will yu? 例如:
Let's g and listen t the music, shall we? 一起去听音乐,好吗?
Let us wait fr yu in the reading-rm, will yu ? 你让我们在阅览室等你,好吗?
18) 陈述部分是"there be"结构的,疑问部分用there省略主语代词。例如:
There is smething wrng with yur watch, isn't there? 你的表有问题,对不对?
There will nt be any truble, will there? 不会有麻烦吧,是吗?
19) 否定前缀不能视为否定词,其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。例如:
It is impssible, isn't it? 这不可能,是吗?
He is nt unkind t his classmates, is he? 他不会对他同学使坏,是吗?
20) must在表"推测"时,根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。例如:
He must be there nw, isn't he? 他现在肯定在那儿,是吧?
It must be ging t rain tmrrw, wn't it? 明天肯定要下雨,是吗?
13.6 反意疑问句练习
1. Yu’d rather watch TV this evening, ______?
a. isn’t it b. hadn’t yu c. wuldn’t yu d. wn’t yu
2. I suppse yu’re nt ging tday, ______?
a. are yu b. d yu c. dn’t yu d. aren’t yu
3. I wish t shake hands with yu, ______?
a. shall b. may I c. d I d. will I
4. Three hurs ught t be enugh time, ______?
a. ughtn’t three hurs b. didn’t they c. shuldn’t it d. shuldn’t three hurs
5. They have t study a lt, ______?
a. dn’t they b. haven’t they c. did they d. hadn’t they
6. When the car crashed, yur brther escaped being hurt, ______ ?
a. didn’t he b. did he c. did it d. didn’t it
7. I'm sure dirty, ______?
a. am I b. isn’t I c. aren’t I d. am nt I
8. Yu seem t be dissatisfied with yur present pst. I dn’t think yu judged yur ability bjectively when yu applied fr it, ______ yu?
a. d b. did c. dn’t d. didn’t
9. That’s the srt f the bk yu want, ______?
a. is it d. isn’t that c. is that d. isn’t it
10.All these dictinaries are a great help t yu, ______?
a. are they b. aren’t they
c. are all these dictinaries d. aren’t all these dictinaries
11.The mvie that we saw last week was quite interesting, ______?
a. wasn’t it b. was it c. didn’t we d. weren’t we
12.Tm has been writing letters all afternn, but he shuld have finished them by nw, ______?
a. hasn’t he b. has he c. shuldn’t he d. didn’t yu
13.David tld me that yu wuld take a trip t America, ______?
a. wuld yu b. wuldn’t yu c. did yu d. didn’t yu
14.There appeared t be n better way, _______?
a. was there b. were there c. did there d. didn’t there
15.Yu has sme truble finding where I live, ______?
a. didn’t yu b. hadn’t yu c. d I d. dn’t I
16.He has his hair cut every mnth, ______?
a. has he b. hasn’t he c. des he d. desn’t he
17.Yur friend needs t cme earlier, ______?
a. des he b. desn’t he c. need he d. needn’t he
18.The little by dare nt g t church, ______?
a. dare he b. daren’t he c. des he d. desn’t he
19.Susan’d have wrked abrad if she’d had the chance, ______?
a. has she b. hadn’t she c. wuld she d. wuldn’t she
20.Everyne’s having a gd time, ______?
a. is he b. isn’t everyne c. des he d. aren’t they
21.Any ne can jin the club, ______?
a. can any ne b. can’t any ne c. can’t they d. can they
22.Tell me hw t perate the electrnic cmputer, ______?
a. will yu b. shan’t yu c. d yu d. dn’t yu
23.Magaret scarcely cmes t visit yu n Christmas Day, ______?
a. desn’t she b. des she c. d yu d. dn’t yu
24.Let’s listen t the radi prgram that the teacher mentined, ______?
a. d we b. dn’t we c. shall we d. shan’t we
25.Yu think yu’re funny, ______?
a. didn’t yu b. are yu c. dn’t yu d. d yu
26.Janet used t take part in labr in that village, ______?
a. used she b. did she c. didn’t she d. shuld she
27.What beautiful weather, ______?
a. is it b. isn’t it c. wn’t it d. desn’t it
28.He ught t g t Kwangchw by plane, ______?
a. shuld he b. shuldn’t he c. wuld he d. wuldn’t he
29.We never dared t ask him a questin, ______?
a. did we b. didn’t we c. dared we d. daren’t we
30.Nbdy will believe hw difficult his wrk has been ______?
a. will he b. wn’t nbdy c. will they d. wn’t they
31.Yu must have made the mistake, ______?
a. mustn’t yu b. haven’t yu c. didn’t yu d. hadn’t yu
32.Learning hw t repair cmputers takes a lng time, ______?
a. isn’t it b. aren’t they c. desn’t it d. dn’t they
33.Jack has cffee with breakfast, ______?
a. hasn’t Jack b. hasn’t he c. desn’t Jack d. desn’t he
34.They must have stayed at htel last night, ______?
a. mustn’t they b. haven’t they c. didn’t they d. hadn’t they
35.There isn’t anything wrng with the radi, ______?
a. is there b. is it c. des it d. des there
36.Yu must be hungry, ______?
a. must yu b. mustn’t yu c. are yu d. aren’t yu
37.Let’s d the exercises by urselves, ______?
a. shall we b. shan’t we c. will yu d. will we
38.Her daughter had the carpets and curtains cleaned, ______?
a. had she b. hadn’t she c. didn’t she d. didn’t her daughter
39.The teacher had a talk with yu, ______?
a. has yu b. hadn’t she c. did she d. didn’t she
40.Smething’ll have t be dne abut the air pllutin, ______?
a. wn’t it b. will it c. has it d. des it
反意疑问句练习答案
1
C
19
D
37
A
2
A
20
D
38
C
3
B
21
C
39
D
4
C
22
A
40
A
5
A
23
B
41
6
A
24
C
42
7
C
25
D
43
8
B
26
C
44
9
D
27
B
45
10
B
28
B
46
11
A
29
A
47
12
C
30
C
48
13
B
31
B
49
14
D
32
C
50
15
A
33
D
51
16
D
34
C
52
17
B
35
A
53
18
A
36
D
54
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