上外版2020必修第三册 高一英语下学期 Unit 3 Healthy Lifestyle. 单元知识点讲解

这是一份上外版2020必修第三册 高一英语下学期 Unit 3 Healthy Lifestyle. 单元知识点讲解，共27页。

Unit 3 Healthy Lifestyle【单元词汇概览】1. charge [tʃɑːdʒ] n.v. 主管；掌管；要价; 收费2. source [sɔ:s] n. 来源；出处3. extra [ˈekstrə] adj.额外的；附加的4. routine [ru:ˈti:n] adj. 日常的；常规的；例行公事的; n. 惯例; 常规5. rate [reit] n. 比率；率6. basis [ˈbeisis] n.基准；原因；缘由7. fitness [ˈfitnis]n.健康8. track [træk] n. 路径，路线； v.跟踪；追踪9. challenge [ˈtʃælɪndʒ] v. n. 挑战；10. irritable [ˈɪrɪtəbl] adj.易怒的；暴躁的11. motivate [ˈməʊtɪveɪt] v. 激发12. classic [ˈklæsɪk] adj.有代表性的；典型的; n. 经典13. beneficial [ˌbenɪˈfɪʃəl] adj.有帮助的；有用的14. lower [ˈləʊə] v. 放低；使……降下15. workout [ˈwɜːkaʊt] n. t锻炼16 .pressure [ˈpreʃə] n.压力；压强17. reduce [rɪˈdju:s] v. 减少，缩小18. fatigue [fəˈtiːɡ] n. 疲劳；劳累19. extreme [ɪkˈstri:m] adj.极度的；极大的20. suffer [ˈsʌfə] v.遭受；蒙受21. option [ˈɒpʃən] n. 可选择的事物；选择22. rub [rʌb] v.擦；磨；搓23. manual [ˈmænjuəl] adj. 手工的；体力的24. confirm [kənˈfɜːm] v. 证实，确认25. power [ˈpaʊə] v. 驱动，推动n.影响力；操纵力26. symptom [ˈsɪmptəm] n.症状27. oral [ˈɔːrəl] adj. 用口的；口腔的；28. overall [ˌəʊvərˈɔːl] adj. 全面的；综合的；总体的29. circulation [ˌsɜːkjʊˈleɪʃən]n. 循环30. major [ˈmeɪdʒə] adj. 主要的；重要的31. longevity [lɒnˈdʒeviti] n.长寿；长命32 profile [ˈprəʊfaɪl] n. 概述；简介；侧影；侧面轮廓33. expectancy [ɪkˈspektənsi] n. 预料；预期；34. interpersonal [ˌɪntəˈpɜːsənəl] adj. 人际的；人际关系的【核心词组】in charge 负责，主管；在…看管下in charge of 负责；主管charge of 负责；管理free of charge 免费take charge 掌管，负责；主持；不受控制charge for 索价，要价；为…收费take charge of 接管，负责routine work 日常工作；常规作业daily routine 日常生活；日常工作on the basis of 以…为基础physical fitness 身体健康fitness center 健身中心；健身房fitness club 健身俱乐部motivate sb to do sth. 激励某人去做某事be beneficial to… 对…有利suffer from 遭受 ; 患病 suffer great losses 损失惨重keep track of 了解…的动向lose track of 不了解…的进展on track 步入正轨be reduced to (doing) 使变成; 沦落到【词汇重点】1. anxiety /æŋˈzaɪəti/    n. 焦虑；忧虑adj. anxious 焦虑；忧虑；担心 A dirty conscience can result in a lack of sleep, anxiety, internal stress, and even illness.<2021年宝山区二模阅读理解C篇>肮脏的良心会导致睡眠不足、焦虑、内在压力，甚至疾病。2. basis /ˈbeɪsɪs/     n. 基准；准则；方式；原因；缘由adj. based 有根基的v. base 以…为据点（或总部等）；把（总部等）设在The basis of how the balloon works is that warmer air rises in cooler air.<2019年黄浦 区阅读理解B篇>气球工作原理的基础是较暖的空气在较冷的空气中上升。3. beneficial /ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl/  adj. 有利的；有帮助的；有用的n.benefit 利益，好处；救济金v. benefit 对（某人）有用；使受益beneficial toIt can be beneficial to share your feelings with someone you trust. <2018年闵行区一 模阅读理解A篇>与你信任的人分享你的情感会是有益的。4. classic /ˈklæsɪk/ adj. 有特点的；有代表性的；典型的adj. classical 古典的；经典的；传统的Classical music is most typically used for therapies due to complex sounds and patterns. <2017年奉贤区一模概要写作>由于复杂的声音和模式，古典音乐最常用于治疗。confirm /kənˈfɜːm/  v. （尤指提供证据来）证实、证明、确认n. confirmation 确认；证实；证明；批准Last summer, bird-watchers confirmed the discovery of a new species of bird in Cambodia. <2019年普陀区一模阅读理解A篇>去年夏天，鸟类观察者证实在柬埔寨发现了一种新的鸟类。depression /dɪˈpreʃn/ n. 抑郁症；精神抑郁v. depress 压低；使沮丧；使萧条adj. depressed 沮丧的；萧条的People entrusted with secrets can suffer from depression, anxiety, and body aches, reported the Daily Mail.<2019年杨浦区一模阅读理解A篇>据《每日邮报》报道，被托付秘密的人可能会感到抑郁、焦虑和身体疼痛。extreme /ɪkˈstriːm/ adj. 极度的；极大的n. extreme 极端不同的感情（或境况、行为方式等）n. extremist 极端主义者；极端分子When a person has few active receptors to control the amount of dopamine that is received, a cell can become flooded resulting in an extreme feeling of happiness.<2020年黄浦区一模阅读理解C篇>当一个人几乎没有控制接收多巴胺量的活性受体时，细胞就会被淹没，从而产生极 度的幸福感。Infection /ɪnˈfekʃn/   n. 传染；感染v. infect 感染，传染adj.infectious 传染的；易传染的Researchers have developed a method to activate electronic implants in the body and eliminate bacterial infections using a wireless signal.<2017年松江区一模阅读理 解C篇>研究人员开发了一种方法来激活体内的电子植入物并使用无线信号消除细菌感染。major /ˈmeɪdʒə(r)/   adj. 主要的；重要的；大的n. majority 多数；成年Jack London, one of America’s major writers of adventure tales, was born in California in 1876. <2019年青浦区一模阅读理解A篇>杰克伦敦是美国主要的冒险故事作家之一，1876 年出生于加利福尼亚。motivate /ˈməʊtɪveɪt/  v. 推动…；甘愿苦干；激励；激发n. motivation 动机；积极性motivate sb to doPeople are motivated to do activities by many different factors. For me the main factors that are involved are competition.<2017年宝山区二模阅读理解A>人们做活动的动机有很多不同的因素。对我来说，涉及的主要因素是竞争。option /ˈɒpʃn/     n. 可选择的事物；选择；选择权；选择的自由adj. optional 可选择的，随意的be occupied withOnline classes are an excellent option to help you earn that degree you need to fulfill your goals such as job promotion.<2020年虹口区二模阅读理解B篇> 在线课程是一个很好的选择，可以帮助您获得实现工作晋升等目标所需的学位。12. rate /reɪt/  n. 比率；率n. rating 等级；级别We think that if your heart rate and skin temperature are elevated for about two hours , there’s a strong chance you’re getting sick.<2017年静安区二模概要写作> 我们认为，如果您的心率和皮肤温度升高约两个小时，您就很有可能生病。13. reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/    v. 减少，缩小（尺寸、数量、价格等）n. reduction 减少；下降；缩小reduce by/to/inIn order to build a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society, people ought to reduce the use of cars. <2021年金山区一模概要写作> 为了建设资源节约型和环境友好型社会，人们应该减少汽车的使用。14. routine /ruːˈtiːn/     adj. 日常的；平常的；正常的；毫不特别的；常规的；例行公事的n. routine 日常，常规Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.<2017年金山区一模概要写作> 只要有可能，就在下午做例行工作，把需要更多精力或注意力的任务留给你更繁忙的时间。15. track /træk/     n.（移动的）路径，路线，方向；跟踪；追踪v. 跟踪；追踪Student in the more advantaged tracks and programs not only encounter more curricular material; they are also typically asked to learn the material differently.<2021 年长宁区二模概要写作> 学生在更有利的轨道和课程中不仅会遇到更多的课程材料；他们通常还被要求以不同的方式学习材料。【单元语法】省略为了避免重复，将句子中的一个或几个成分省去，这种语法现象叫省略。省略是避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法手段。英语中的省略有下列几种情况。一、简单句的省略1．祈使句的省略。在祈使句中，通常省略主语you。 Open the window. 请(你)打开窗户。2．在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分。 (Is there)Anything else? (还有)其他东西吗？3．疑问句的答语省略。为避免重复而省略疑问句的答语，这也是常见的一种句式省略。—Are you a student?——你是一名学生吗？—Yes，I am(a student)．——是的，我是(一名学生)。4．感叹句的省略。目的是突出感叹的部分。 What a beautiful girl(she is)! (她是)多么漂亮的女孩呀！二、比较结构的省略在“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构中和由than和as引导的比较句式中，常会有一些成分在上下文清楚的情况下被省略。The sooner(you do it)，the better(it will be)．(你做得)越快(结果就会)越好。He is cleverer than any other boy (is)．他比其他男孩聪明。三、并列句中的省略在由and或but连接的并列句中，常省略一些重复的词或词组。My father is a lawyer and my mother (is) a teacher.我爸爸是律师，我妈妈是教师。She came into the room and (she) turned on the computer.她进了房间，打开了电脑。The news made me angry，but (the news made) John happy.这条消息使我生气，但却让约翰高兴。四、主从复合句中的省略1．宾语从句中，连词that常省略，但当有多个并列宾语从句时，只能省略第一个that。I know(that)she is a teacher and that she is an excellent writer.我知道她是一名教师，也是一位优秀的作家。2．表示条件、时间、地点、方式或让步等的状语从句的谓语含有be动词，且从句的主语又和主句中的主语一致，或者主语是it时，常把从句中的主语连同be动词一起省略。If so(＝If it is so)，you must go back and get it.如果是这样的话，你必须回去把它拿来。Look out for cars when crossing the street (＝when you are crossing the street)．穿过街道时要当心车辆。3．定语从句中的省略。若引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作宾语，该关系代词一般可省略。The car(which/that)his father gave him as a birthday present was stolen.他父亲送给他的作为生日礼物的那辆汽车被盗了。五、不定式的省略1．并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to。但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时，不省略to。The book is intended to be read and not (to) be torn.这本书是供人阅读的而不是供人撕毁的。The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult.新技术的目的是要让生活更轻松自在，而不是让生活更困难。2．某些使役动词如make，let，have等，和感官动词如see, watch，notice，observe等，后面作宾补的不定式须省略to，但若这些动词用于被动语态，则to不省略。My mother wouldn't let me go to see the film.我妈妈不会让我去看电影的。He was noticed to leave the office.有人注意到他离开了办公室。3．不定式to后面的内容也可承前省略，此时所省略的成分相当于do so，但一定要有上下文语境。但倘若承前省略的不定式含有作助动词用的have，be的任何形式，to后要保留原形have或be。—Would you like to study English with me?——你愿意和我一起学英语吗？—Yes. I'd like to (study English with you)．——是的，我愿意(和你一起学英语)。She has succeeded in the final examination，but in fact, she ought to have(succeeded in the final examination)．她在期末考试中取得了成功，而实际上，她本就该获得成功。4．介词but，except(除了)前有实义动词do的具体形式时，后面的不定式不带to。All he could do was nothing but wait and see.他所能做的只有等着看看(情况)。六、虚拟语气中的省略1．虚拟条件句常省略if，而将were，had，should提前，构成部分倒装。Had you come here yesterday，you would have met her.＝If you had come here yesterday，you would have met her.如果你昨天来这儿的话，你就会见到她了。2．动词advise，suggest(建议)，propose，demand，insist(坚持要求)，require，command，recommend，order等后的宾语从句及It is...that...主语从句中常省略表虚拟语气的should。We insisted that they (should) go with us.我们坚持要求他们和我们一起走。It is necessary that we (should) learn more words by heart.我们有必要多记一些单词。It is suggested that we (should) go to see the film.有人建议我们去看这部电影。七、介词的省略1．在英语中一些与动词、名词、形容词搭配的介词常被省略，而只保留后面的动名词：spend time/money (in) doing sth.; have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.；prevent/stop sb.(from)doing sth.。She spends half an hour (in) doing some reading every day.她每天花半小时读书。I have some trouble (in) learning English.我学英语有困难。What prevented him (from) going?什么事阻止了他去？2．表示时间的介词at，on和in用在next，last，this, each，these，yesterday，every，tomorrow等词之前，一般可省略。We have a final exam (in) every term.每学期我们都举行一次期末考试。八、使用so，not等的省略英语中，可以使用so，not或其他手段来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。—Can I put my bike here?——我可以把自行车放在这儿吗？—You'd better not.——你最好不要。—Do you think our team will win?——你认为我们队会赢吗？—I think so.——我认为会。单元语法小结及课堂练习：省略1. 学习省略句，掌握其特点2. 学会使用省略句使自己的语言表达更生动，且能够解答与这一语法相关的习题。【认知讲解】If possible, discuss what kind of first aid you should give in these situations.Turn white when pressed.Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.● 对比分析第一个句子，if后面省略了it is，第二个句子中的when后面省略了they are，而they指的是前面的burns。第三个句子if后省略了it is。【重、难点】为了避免重复，或为了使句子更简练，在一些句子中常省去某些成分，这在英语中叫作省略。省略可出现在简单句、并列复合句和主从复合句中，省略部分可以是主语、谓语、表语、状语、定语等。1. 并列复合句中某些相同成分的省略。This cell phone works well，but that one doesn’t(work well). 这个手机工作正常，但那个就不行。There are many people in the room, some of them are reading, some chatting and others just sitting there doing nothing.房间里有许多人，有的在读书，有的在闲聊，还有的坐在那里无所事事。【考题链接】One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and ________.A. the other is white B. another white C. the other white D. another is white 答案：C解析：这里的省略是承前省略。完整的句子为the other side of the board should be painted white。2. 在when，while，if，as if，though（或although），as，until，once，whether，unless，where等连词连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。When (water is) pure，water is a colorless liquid. 水在纯净时，是无色的液体。When (I am) in trouble，I always turn to her for help. 我有困难时总是找她帮忙。Errors，if any，should be corrected. 如果有什么错误，就应当改正。(if后省略了there are)Wood gives much smoke while (wood is) burning. 木头燃烧时，放出很多烟。The letter is to be left here until (it is) called for. 这封信留在这里待领。Henry walked around as if (he were) looking for something.亨利四处走动，似乎在寻找什么。She studies very hard though (she is) still rather weak. 她虽然体弱，但学习仍十分努力。【考题链接】1）The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if __ regularly, can improve our health.A. being carried out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out答案：C 解析：原句部分可变形为if proper amounts of exercise are carried out 句意：这个实验表明，如果运动量有规律地进行的话，合理的运动量可以促进我们的健康。2）The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, ______ accompanied by an adult. A. once B. when C. if D. unless答案：D解析：句意为“校规规定：除非有成年人陪同，否则孩子们在校期间不能出学校。”表示“除非”的意思时用unless。该句式构成了“连词＋过去分词”结构，相当于一个状语从句“unless they are accompanied by an adult”。3. 当见到“when（或if where，wherever，whenever，as soon as，as fast as，than等）＋possible／necessary”等时，可理解为中间省略了it is（或was）。I will be back as soon as possible. 我会尽可能快的回来。When (it is) necessary you can help us to do something. 必要时你可以帮助我们做些事。4. 有形式主语it的主语从句可省略that。It seems／appears (that)Joe is out，not Jack. 外出的似乎是乔，不是杰克。It is an honor (that) I was invited to your birthday party. 我很荣幸地被邀请参加你的生日聚会。It’s a pity (that) you can’t operate a computer. 很遗憾，你不会操作计算机。It is the third time (that) I have come to China. 这是我第三次来中国。5. 在限制性定语从句中可省略作宾语的关系代词whom，which，that。[来源:学科网]That is the book (that) we talked about last week.那就是我们上周讨论的那本书。【考题链接】Do you still remember the chicken farm ______ we visited three months ago? A. where B. when C. / D. what 答案：C解析：visit为及物动词，所以引导定语从句的应该为关系代词that或which，且可以省略。6. 在direction（方向），way（方式），distance（距离），time（时间），times（倍数）等词后面所接的定语从句中常省略that, which, in which。The direction (in which) we move a body can be changed. 我们可以改变移动物体的方向。The distance (which／that) light travels in one second is 300, 000 kilometers.光每秒走的距离是30万公里。【考题链接】The way he did it was different from what we were used to.[来源:Z_xx_k.Com]A. in that B. in what C. / D. with which答案：C解析：此题解题的关键在于牢记way后面的定语从句的引导词有三种形式：that, in which或者省略，什么也不用。7. 命令句、感叹句、部分第一人称的陈述句、部分问句和答句中的省略最为常见。Open the door! 开门!！Why not? 为什么不？Why so? 为什么这样？ What a lovely day! 天气真不错！8. 用so、not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子，是高考的常考项目。—Can Emily do this work? 埃米莉能做这份工作吗?—I think so. 我想她能。—I think not (或I don’t think so). 我想她不能。—Did you know anything about it? 你以前知道这件事吗?—Not until you told me. 你告诉了我，我才知道。He has gone. No one knows where (he has gone). 他走了。谁也不知道他去什么地方了。Jenny knows what (is to be done)! 詹妮知道该怎么做!【考题链接】1）—Everybody is going to climb the mountain. Can I go too, mom?—______ Wait till you are old enough, dear.A. Will you? B. Why not? C. I hope so. D. I’m afraid not.答案：D解析：Will you用于请求对方的同意，Why not意为“为什么不去做……”用于向别人提建议，I hope so意为“我也希望是这样”，I am afraid not意为“恐怕不行”，根据句意选择D项。句意：—每个人都要去爬山。我也能去吗，妈妈？—恐怕不行，亲爱的，等你再长大些吧。2）—What’s the noise? It sounds as if it comes from upstairs. —______. It must be the window-cleaner working, next door. A. I’m not sure B. I hope not C. I’d rather not D. I don’t think so 答案：D解析：A项意思是：我不确信；B项意思是：我希望不会；C项意思是：我宁愿不；D项意思是：我认为不会。根据应答句后面分句的意思可知所填部分表示对前一人的观点的否定，故选D项。9. 用to表示前述动词(包括谓语或非谓语动词)及其短语。这些动词有：expect，want，hope，like，mean，refuse等。Some people suggested that she reconsider the matter，but she refused to (reconsider the matter). 有些人建议她重新考虑此事，但是她拒绝了。Nothing can stop the boy from playing video games when he wants to (play).当这个男孩想玩电子游戏时，没有什么可以阻止他玩。【考题链接】1）—You should apologize to her, Barry.—______, but it’s not going to be easy. A. I suppose so B. I feel so C. I prefer to D. I like to 答案：A解析：I feel so，英语中没有B项这样的应答搭配。suppose在这里意为“应当”，整句话的意思是“我是应当向她道歉，但是这不会这么容易”，选B的话 就变成“我感觉应当向他道歉”，C意为“我宁愿向他道歉”，说不通，和上文相矛盾，D意为“我喜欢去向她道歉”，这样虽然勉强中文说得通，但是就不是地道的英语。选择是选择最佳答案，因此这里的最佳选择A项。10. 在某些动词（如find，consider，prove等）后含有宾语补足语或主语补足语的复合结构中省略to be或being的情况。They found the answer (to be) correct. 他们发现答案是正确的。This conclusion proved (to be) correct. 这个结论证明是正确的。11. 在某些使役动词（如let, make, have等）及感官动词（如see, watch, notice, hear, feel, look at和listen to等）后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去to，但在被动语态中则不能省去to。I saw the boy fall from the tree. 我看到那个男孩从树上掉下来。注意：该句子变为被动语态就应该是：The boy was seen to fall from the tree.【考题链接】I saw Mary _______ the house.A. open the door and go into B. to open the door and to go intoC. open the door and to go into D. open the door and went into答案：A 解析：题目所说看到的是动作的全过程，所以要用动词不定式，而在感官动词see后面要省略to。12. 介词but前若有实义动词do时，后面的不定式不带to。The boy did nothing but play the whole morning. 整个上午，那个男孩除了玩什么也没干。【考题链接】Paul does nothing but _____ all day long.A. play B. to play C. playing D. played答案：A解析：句子中含有实义动词do，所以but后面要省略to。13. 引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。My idea is (that) we can get more people to help in the work.我的想法是让更多的人来帮忙。14. 宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。但是，如果两个宾语从句由and连接，第二个从句的引导词that就不能省略。I hope (that) everything is all right around you. 我希望你一切都好。Having checked (that) all the doors were shut and that all the lights were off, he went to bed.检查过所有的门都关了，所有的灯都灭了，他去睡觉了。【考题链接】Having checked the doors were closed, and ______ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. A. / B. that C. when D. where 答案：B解析：两个宾语从句由and连接，第二个宾语从句的引导词that不能省略，所以答案为B项。15. 注意在一些固定短语中某些介词的省略。We had a lot of trouble (in) finding the way home on the snowy night.在那个雪夜，我们费了好大的劲才找到回家的路。Many adolescence spend their spare time (in) playing computer games.许多青少年把空闲的时间都花在玩电脑游戏上了。As the final exam is approaching, the students are busy (in) preparing for it.由于期末考试临近了，学生们都忙于为之做准备。There is no use (in) explaining it to her any more. 向她解释这件事是无用的。He is carrying out this experiment (in) the same way as yesterday.他在用昨天用过的方法做实验。【考题链接】You can’t imagine what difficulty we had ______ home in the snowstorm. A. walked B. walk C. to walk D. walking答案：D 解析：这里考查have difficulty in doing这一结构，介词in常省略。【课堂练习】一、单项选择1．No matter how frequently ________, the works of Beethoven always attract a large number of people.A．performing B．performed C．to be performed D．being performed2．Most green vegetables, ________ for too long, will lose nutrition.A．if to be cooked B．if cooked C．if cooking D．if being cooked3．When challenges and setbacks, he remains , brave and firm.A．faced with… hesitant B．facing… resoluteC．in face of… indecisive D．facing with… determined4．_________that she was accepted by the international company, Jane jumped with joy.A．Being told the news B．When the news to be toldC．As the news being told D．When told the news5．There were other reasons in addition to the bad weather why they didn't leave for Beijing ___________.A．scheduled B．as scheduledC．as it scheduled D．as scheduling6．______ money, his parents managed to send him to university.A．Lacked B．Lacking of C．Though lacking D．Lacked in7．Mimosa, 15 cm in height, is a sensitive small plant, which will close when ______.A．touching B．touched C．is touched D．to be touched8．Nurseries are the areas where plants are grown to be sold or ______ in other places.A．being planted B．to plant C．plant D．planted9．The text and dialogues below focus on cultural differences between Chinese and Western societies which can create misunderstanding if ______.A．ignore B．to be ignored C．ignoring D．ignored10．Contrast may make something appear more beautiful than it is when ________ alone.A．seen B．to be seenC．being seen D．having been seen11．Unless to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.A．invited B．invitingC．being invited D．having invited12．He often sat in a small bar drinking considerably more than ________.A．was good for his health B．his health was goodC．his good health D．was in good health13． ________ with the size of the whole earth，the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.A．Compare B．When comparingC．Comparing D．When compared14．Though ________ of the danger, Mr. Brown still risked his life to save the boy in the fire.A．having told B．being toldC．to be told D．told15．Though of the danger, Mr. Brown still risked his life to save the boy in the fire.A．having told B．tellingC．to be told D．told16．This problem may lead to more serious ones if ________ unsolved.A．making B．remained C．keep D．left17．If ________ in the elevator, please press the emergency button immediately.A．trapped B．trappingC．having trapped D．to be trapped18．Although _____ by the opposite team, the players were not discouraged but practiced harder.A．beating B．beatenC．having beaten D．being beaten19．If ___for the job, you’ll be informed soon.A．to accept B．acceptC．accepting D．accepted20．When _____ about one of the biggest concerns today, many citizens mentioned the sharp rise in housing price.A．asking B．to askC．asked D．having asked21． Misunderstandings ________ from lack of social communication, unless ________ properly, may lead to serious problems.A．arisen; handling B．arising; handledC．rising; handled D．risen; handling22．There are some health problems that, when ____in time, can become bigger ones later on.A．not treated B．not being treatedC．not to be treated D．not having been treated23．While ________ the meal, some talented students gave a wonderful folk dance performance, ________ the elderly very happy.A．enjoyed, making B．enjoying, making C．to enjoy, making D．enjoying, to make24．If _____ in wet sand, the vegetables can remain fresh for a long time.A．being buried B．having buried C．buried D．burying25．When first ______ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.A．introducing B．introducedC．introduce D．being introduced26．Daniel has undertaken to keep the secret, so he won’t tell anyone even though ______.A．asked to keep B．to be asked C．to ask D．asked to27．The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, ________, reaching 30℃ in summer.A．if not B．if ever C．if any D．if so28．If not ________with the respect he wants, the singer gets very ill-tempered and complains all the time.A．treated B．being treatedC．treating D．having been treated29．—When is he willing to lend somebody some money? —Only when hard enough.A．to press B．pressing C．pressed D．presses30．Some institutions have established reading clubs to promote reading, but the effort, though ________, is far from enough.A．appreciated B．appreciating C．having appreciated D．to appreciate答案：1．B 2．B 3．B4．D5．B6．C7．B8．D9．D10．A11．A12．A13．D14．D15．D16．D17．A18．B19．D20．C21．B22．A23．B24．C25．B26．D27．B28．A29．C30．A【课堂练习】Translation.1.在设计广告标语的过程中，广告公司没有墨守成规，而是将潜在顾客的需求考虑在内．（account）2.他在整理书籍时发现了一本旧日记。(run)3.处理顾客对于产品的投诉时，越礼貌越好。(can)4.与那些固执己见的人就这个问题争论下去没有意义。(point n.)5.对于春节期间买不到机票的旅客而言，高铁卧铺车票是首选。(available)答案1.When designing an advertising slogan, the advertising agency didn't follow the routine; instead, it took the needs of potential customers into account．2.He ran across an old diary while sorting out the books.3.When dealing with customer complaints, the politer you are, the better it can be.4.There is no point in arguing with those stubborn people about the problem.5.For the people to whom air tickets are not available during the Spring Festival, the high-speed train sleeper tickets are their first choices.