上外版2020必修第三册 高一英语下学期 Unit 3 Healthy Lifestyle. 单元语法课件

这是一份上外版2020必修第三册 高一英语下学期 Unit 3 Healthy Lifestyle. 单元语法课件，共39页。

Unit 3 Healthy Lifestyle必修三 上外版语法精讲— 省略Ellipsis一、概述 在英语中，为了避免重复而省去某些重复的部分，这种现象叫省略。如：知识详解 Beg you pardon.  Sounds like a good idea. （ I ）Beg you pardon.  ( It ) Sounds like a good idea..知识详解二、分类详解（一）简单句中的省略1、 省略主语 祈使句中主语通常省略；其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。如：  Thank you for your help.  ( I ) Thank you for your help.简单句中的省略 Doesn’t matter.  ( It ) doesn’t matter.知识详解2、省略主谓或主谓语的一部分。如：  (There is) No smoking . （省略主语和谓语） （Will you) Have a smoke ?  What/How (do you think) about a cup of tea ? Why (do you) not say hello to him ?简单句中的省略知识详解3、省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to，但如果该宾语是动词be或完成时态，则须在之后加上be或have 。如：  –Are you going there? – Yes, I’d like to .简单句中的省略 He didn’t give me the chance, though he had promised to . –Are you an engineer? – No, but I want to . –He hasn’t finished the task yet.  –Well, he ought to .(go there).(give me the chance).behave知识详解4、省略表语。如：  –Are you thirsty? – Yes, I am .简单句中的省略 His brother isn’t lazy, nor is his sister .(thirsty).(lazy).5、同时省略几个成分 。如：  Let’s meet at the same place as yesterday.(we met)同时省略主、谓语知识详解 –Have you finished your work ? –Not yet.简单句中的省略I have not finished my homework yet.I have not finished my homework yet.I have not finished my homework yet.（二）复合句中的省略知识详解1、主句中有一些成分被省略，如：  Sorry to hear you are ill.主从复合句中的省略 Pity that he missed such a good chance. –She must be busy now? --If so, she can’t go with us. –Do you think he will attend the meeting? --I guess not.( I’m ) ( It’s a )=he is busy=he won’t attend the meeting知识详解 －Are you leaving for Beijing this Sunday?  －I think so.主从复合句中的省略soI’m leaving for Beijing this Sunday. －Tom must be free today.  －If so. He can help us.sohe is free.2、主句中有一些成分被省略、而用so或not来代替，如： 知识详解 －It is going to rain, isn’t it?  －I hope not.主从复合句中的省略notit is not going to rain.这种用法常见的有：How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so.　及I suppose　/believe　/hope not. Why not?等等。知识详解 My brother is a doctor and my sister-in-law (is) a lawyer.并列中的省略（省略相同的谓语动词）1、两个并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。 如：  When summer comes, the day is getting longer and longer, and the night (is getting) shorter and shorter.(is getting)(is)省略相同的谓语动词（三）并列句中的省略知识详解其它形式的省略 We all know (that) the earth runs around the sun.(that)（四）其它形式的省略1、连词的that省略宾语从句中常省略连词that，但当有两个并列的宾语从句时，第二个that则不能省略。  Mary said (that) she is from American and that she is 16 years old.(that)知识详解其它形式的省略（2） 在定语从句中，that, which, who在从句中作宾语时可省略。 I haven’t read the book (that/ which) you’re reading.(that/ which) The man (that/ who) your father just talked to is our English teacher, Mr. Smith.(that/ who)2、在以when, while, once引导的时间状语从句及以if, unless引导的条件状语从句中，如果从句中的主语与主句中的主语指同一对象，且从句中含有be动词时，从句中可省去“主语+be”部分。2、在以when, while, once引导的时间状语从句及以if, unless引导的条件状语从句中，如果从句中的主语与主句中的主语指同一对象，且从句中含有be动词时，从句中可省去“主语+be”部分。2、在以when, while, once引导的时间状语从句及以if, unless引导的条件状语从句中，如果从句中的主语与主句中的主语指同一对象，且从句中含有be动词时，从句中可省去“主语+be”部分。 When asked what he had done, John just kept silent.知识详解其它形式的省略 When he was asked what he had done, John just kept silent. he If he is free, Jack will go with us. he was  If free, Jack will go with us. he is  Unless invited, he won’t come.知识详解其它形式的省略 Unless he is invited, he won’t come. he While he is doing house work, my father often listens to music. he is While doing house work, my father often listens to music. he is he知识详解其它形式的省略3、不定式符号to的省略 My father often asks me to go to the market and to buy some vegetables.(to)（1）并列的不定式可省去后面的 to.（2）介词but前若有动词do（did, does, done)，后面的不定式不带 to，否则要带to.  He had no choice but to wait. to He had nothing to do but wait.wait前若有do后则无to，前若无do，后必带to知识详解其它形式的省略 I’d like to help (to) do it for you.(to)（3） help 作“帮助”讲时，后面的宾语或宾补的不定式符号to可带可不带。（4） find 作“发现”讲时，后面作宾语补足语的不定式符号to可带可不带。 The parents found their son to study very hard. (to) We found he to be very humorous.to be He is kind enough to help me to do some work.(to)但如果是不定式 to be，则不能省略。但如果是不定式 to be，则不能省略。但如果是不定式 to be，则不能省略。知识详解其它形式的省略（5）一些使役动词及感官动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去 to, 但在被动语态中须将to 复原。 I noticed a man to enter the classroom when I passed by. A man was noticed to enter the classroom.to X 这类使役动词及感官动词主要有 这类使役动词及感官动词主要有一“感”:二“听”:三“让”:四“看”:feelhearlisten tohavemakeletwatchnoticeobservesee知识详解其它形式的省略 What he can do is to keep silent.(to)（6）主语从句中有动词do,后面作表语的不定式的 to可带可不带。4、在以if引导的非真实条件句中若含有were, had, should时，常可以省略if而将were, had, should置于句。 Were I you, I’d give the AIDS patient a hug. Were Had I a lot of money, I’d aid the poor children.Had Should there be bird-flu, what would we do?Should知识详解其它形式的省略 He suggest we should set out right away.(should)5、在含有表示“命令、要求、建议、许可”或“禁止”等意义的名词性从句中使用“should + 动词原形”表示虚拟语气的，should常可以省略。如： His suggestion is that we should set out right away.(should) The order that we should stay where we are is very serious and severe.(should) It’s very important that students should study hard at school.(should)PracticeExercises about Ellipsis.Discovering useful structuresRewrite these sentences by taking out the unnecessary parts.The burn that she got from the iron was red and it was very painful.(_____) 2. A boy was on the left side of the sick woman, and a girl was on the right side of the sick woman. 3. She has a daughter who is in hospital. 4. He went to the doctor because he had to go to the doctor .(___________________) (_____)(_____________)5. Did she pass the first aid test that she did yesterday or didn’t she pass?or not.6. She could not decided whether to send him to hospital or not to send him to hospital .7. When your nose is bleeding, you should bend forward so that the blood runs out of your nose and the blood doesn’t run down your throat.8. Only some of the students have done a first aid course but most of the students haven’t done a first aid course .not down your throat.These sentences are correct. However, one or more words have been left out. Can you tell your partner which words are missing ?1) The cottage surrounded by a wall belongs to the local government. The cottage (which is) surrounded by awall belongs to the local government. 2) The first book I read this term was more interesting than the second. The first book (that) I read this term was more interesting than the second (book that I read this term).3) To her teacher’s surprise, she did better in her first aid exam than expected.    To her teacher’s surprise, she didbetter in her first aid exam than (she was) expected (to do). 4) I don’t think they have returned from the hospital, but they might have. I don’t think they have returned from the hospital, but they might have (returned from the hospital).  5) He wanted to help the accident victim but his friend didn’t. He wanted to help the accident victim but his friend didn’t (want to help the accident victim).   6) You can borrow my first aid notes if you want to. You can borrow my first aid notes if you want to (borrow my first aid notes).II. 下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并改正。1. Our hometown is no longer what it used to.2. When I in trouble, I always turn to her for help.3. Tom picked up a coin in the road and handed one to a policeman.be第一个I 后加am 或去掉第一个I it4. No one can bear being laughed in public.5. When comparing with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesn’t seem big at all.6. The goods were ordered last month haven’t arrived yet.at compared goods后加that 或去掉were▼语法应试I. 改写句子 （使用省略手段避免下面各句重复与冗赘）1. Someone has used my mobile phone, but I don’t know who has used it.2. John worked hard but his brother did not work hard.3. I have lazy students and hardworking students in my class.4. --- Has he ever been abroad? --- No, he has never been abroad.1.我伯父的身体比我上次给你去信时好些了。2.这种物质称为水, 其重要性仅次于氧。1.My uncle is better than when I wrote to.2.This substance we call water, and come next only to oxygen．3.上海即使不是世界上最大的城市也堪称世界最大的城市之一。4.我的兄弟有抽烟，而我不抽烟。3.Shanghai is one of the largest cities in the world, if not the largest (city).4.My brother smokes, but I don’t (smoke).5.一旦出版, 这部小说将成为今年的畅销书之一。5.When published, the novel will become one of the best sellers of the year. 谢谢观看