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新上教版英语必修第三册 07 Unit 3 Healthy Lifestyle 单元测试
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这是一份新上教版英语必修第三册 07 Unit 3 Healthy Lifestyle 单元测试，共23页。
单元测试一、用单词的适当形式完成短文Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Sure, chocolate is a delicious treat, and it’s a main part of some of our favourite desserts. But it’s not exactly a health food, so it should be enjoyed in moderation—right?Well, it turns out that ____1____ (eat) chocolate might actually have a pretty significant health benefit. According to a recent research ____2____ (conduct) by five scientists in Italy, compounds found in chocolate, called flavanols (黄烷醇), can help improve cognitive (认知) performance. Yes, chocolate’s good for your brain.The scientists, studying at the Universities of Rome and L’Aquila, ____3____ (record) research from 10 different studies. The studies assessed people’s performance on cognitive tests before and after eating cocoa or chocolate. The results ____4____ (tell): in nine out of the ten studies, there was a noticeable improvement after the subjects had eaten the chocolate. The scientists found improvements in “general cognition, attention, processing speed, and working memory.” Sounds pretty good to us!And that’s not all. In subjects, especially women, ____5____ performed the tests while sleep-deprived, the flavanols helped fight the negative effects of lack of sleep. And there’s even better news. ____6____ (take) daily over periods ranging from five days to three months, chocolate can produce noticeable long-term improvements in cognition. Older adults, ____7____ memories were already declining, saw an especially great improvement. In fact, the scientists themselves ____8____ (claim) that, after doing this research, they’ve started eating chocolate every day! Now, we’re not saying ____9____ you should start eating chocolate for breakfast, lunch, and dinner—it’s still high in sugar and low in nutrients. _____10_____ next time you find yourself tired out after a sleepless night, have some chocolate and let the flavanols work their magic. Go ahead, and take advantage of chocolate’s newfound brainpower with these delicious recipes.二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Noise-canceling headphones worth the price?A little bit of silence. Sometimes that’s all we want. Whether it is halfway through a 10-hour flight with a crying baby or trying to sleep through the snoring from the hotel room next door, the ____11____ of noise-canceling headphones is one that every traveler probably finds charming. Yet are they worth it? These headphones are often expensive, and for some people, they don’t live up to the ads.I’ve spent a ____12____ of the last five years traveling, taking dozens of flights and train journeys, and as someone who has reviewed noise-canceling headphones for even longer, I can definitely say maybe.HOW THEY WORK? Noise-canceling headphones, also called active noise canceling headphones, use electronic processing to analyze nearby sound and attempt to ____13____ the opposite sound. The result is less noise, over all.These headphones don’t create silence, nor are they able to ____14____ noise. The crests and troughs (波峰和波谷) do not perfectly cancel out. The absolute best noise-canceling headphones ____15____ reduce noise and work best with low-frequency droning sounds.Two headphone sets could claim to reduce the same amount of noise but ____16____ completely differently. Only hands-on testing, ideally with objective measurements, can tell the difference.Noise-canceling headphones require a battery to ____17____ their electronics. Noise-isolating headphones, which do not require electronics and therefore can be far cheaper, work by creating a seal in your ear canal to block noise. They are ____18____like earplugs, but with earbuds. If you can get a good seal, these work reasonably well.Getting a good seal can be a challenge, however, since everyone’s ears are different, and not all headphones will ____19____ correctly. And even if you do get a good seal, noise-isolating headphones will not be able to block low-frequency sounds as well as the best noise-canceling headphones. They will reduce a wide range of frequencies, which can help.WHO REALLY NEEDS THEM? If you are a frequent traveler, good noise-canceling headphones will make any journey in a plane, train or automobile far more pleasant.In-ear models are easier—though still slightly uncomfortable—to sleep with and are my ____20____. Over-ear models reduce a little more noise, as they are able to passively block some sound because of their design. But they are always bulky on your head or in your bag. After I stopped reviewing these headphones for Wirecutter, I bought a pair of Bose QuiteComfort 20s, a long time Wirecutter pick, and I never fly without them.三、阅读理解AThree Exercises to Make Breathing EasierIf you lack lung power and feel a little exhausted even after a short jogging, the following exercises can be of great help.Use Your Diaphragm (横膈膜)Your diaphragm is the muscle that controls breathing, and because it is located right above your stomach, you can strengthen them together. Lie on your back with your knees bent, keeping one hand on your stomach and the other on your chest. Breathe in deeply, slowly pulling the air into your lungs. Breathe out through your mouth. Try to wait seven seconds before taking in air again.Imagine You Are Rowing a BoatThis exercise strengthens the upper back muscles and opens your chest cavity (腔), allowing for full lung ability. Sit on the floor with your legs in front of you and knees slightly bent. Put a resistance band around the bottoms of your feet and hold it in front of you in an X shape. Holding an end in each hand, spread your arms, then pull backward until your hands meet your chest. Repeat at least six times three days a week.Walk for 20 MinutesWalking doesn’t just get your heart pumping or work your leg muscles—it also builds up the area around your lungs to help them function better. To get the most out of your walk, stand straight, with your head up and your shoulders back, and keep a heel-to-toe pace, allowing your lungs to fully expand. Combine walking with deep breathing to increase your air intake. Work up to walking three or four days a week.No matter which exercise you pick up, keep this in mind: Chances are that it will take you several months to see the outcome. So keep it up!21．What should you obey if you are strengthening your diaphragm?A．You should lie on your stomach with your knees bent.B．You should hold your breath before breathing in again.C．You should do it seven times a week to get a best result.D．You should do it by breathing in merely with your mouth.22．How can you take in more air?A．By keeping on rowing a boat regularly. B．By opening your chest cavity more often.C．By integrating walking with deep breathing. D．By allowing your lungs to expand to the fullest.23．What do the three exercises have in common?A．They all need some extra assistance. B．They all involve using your both feet.C．They all require you to stand straight. D．They all call for constantly practicing.BThe bad health effects of sleep loss during the week can’t be repaid by longer weekend sleep, according to a new study.Researchers have long known that sleep deprivation (剥夺) can cause weight gain and increase other health risks. But for those who force themselves out of bed every weekday after too few hours of shut eye, they hope turning off the alarm on Saturday and Sunday will repay the weekly sleep debt and remove any ill effects.The research, published in Current Biology, crushes those hopes. Despite complete freedom to sleep during a weekend recovery period, people in a sleep lab who were limited to five hours of sleep on weekdays gained nearly three pounds over two weeks and experienced disorders that would increase their risk for diabetes (糖尿病) over the long term. While weekend recovery sleep had some benefits after a single week of sleep loss, those gains were wiped out when people fell right back into their same sleep deprived schedule the next Monday.“If there are benefits of catch-up sleep, they’re gone when you go back to your daily schedule. It’s very short lived”, said Kenneth Wright, director of the sleep and chronobiology lab at the University of Colorado at Boulder. “These health effects are long term. It’s kind of like smoking once was-people would smoke and wouldn’t see an immediate effect on their health, but people will say now that smoking is not a healthy lifestyle choice. I think that sleep is in the early stage of where smoking used to be.”Wright said that the study suggests people should put sleep in the first place cutting out the “sleep stealers” such as watching television shows or spending time on their phones. Even when people don’t have a choice about losing sleep because of child-care responsibilities or job schedules, they should think about getting sleep in the same way they would get a healthy diet or exercise.24．What does the underlined word “crushes” mean?A．Deepens. B．Ensures. C．Ruins. D．Causes.25．What will Kenneth Wright agree with?A．Smoking is more harmful than sleep loss.B．Weekend recovery sleep has many benefits.C．Smoking and sleep loss have the same bad effects.D．It takes long for people to see the effects of sleep loss.26．What does Kenneth Wright advise people to do?A．Take regular exercise every day. B．Reduce the screen time before sleep.C．Watch some TV shows before bedtime. D．Sleep as long as possible during weekdays.27．What is the main purpose of this passage?A．To introduce a new study. B．To show some unknown facts.C．To promote a healthy lifestyle. D．To share some unhappy experiences.CThere are many ways to travel within a city. We can walk, cycle, or take a bus. But no matter which way we travel, we have to follow the route (线路) the city planners laid down for us.Parkour practitioners (跑酷爱好者), however, see the city in a completely different way. To them, there are no designed routes. There are no walls and no stairs — they jump, climb, roll and crawl to move across, through, over and under anything that they find in their path. The city is their playground.The International Gymnastics Federation (FIG) has noticed that this activity is drawing more and more people to it — there are 100, 000 people taking part in parkour today in the UK alone, according to The Guardian — and how it is helpful for people to be much stronger: It trains coordination and balance. So the FIG is thinking about recognizing parkour as a new sport and adding it to the Olympics by 2024.But parkour practitioners themselves don’t seem to be happy with the idea. They see parkour as “a lifestyle”, wrote the website NextSportStar. “It’s a competition against the conditions rather than just a sport.”Indeed, many do parkour just to “escape the daily routine and experience the city in different ways”, wrote reporter Oli Mould on The Conversation. They see parkour as a way to express themselves through relaxing moves and creative routes while freeing themselves from the pressure.It’s great that the FIG wants to develop a new sport and stay close to a new cultural form. But it would be greater if they knew that not everything in life is a competition.28．How do the parkour practitioners do parkour?A．They plan the way themselves.B．They move on as they wish.C．They run faster than others.D．They follow certain routes.29．Why does the FIG want to add parkour to the Olympics?A．It’s a special way of life.B．It draws their attention.C．It helps balance people’s life.D．It’s good for people to keep healthy.30．What is the author’s idea on parkour?A．It is more exciting than other sports.B．It is worth adding to the sporting event.C．It is more a lifestyle than a competition.D．It encourages people to challenge themselves.31．What is the best title for the passage?A．Parkour practitionersB．Making the city their ownC．Training in a different wayD．A new sports competition四、完形填空Being a parent is already a life-changing experience. However, this 40-year-old dad ______32______ an astonishing transformation (变化) after a hike with his kids.Before Jeremiah Peterson looked like a supermodel, he weighed 290 pounds. He was only ______33______ to lose weight after he went on a ______34______ with his family in 2017 and became aware how quickly he got ______35______ from the activity.“Instead of remembering all the good ______36______ we had made on this trip, all I can remember is this one thing that kept playing in my head over and over again: I found myself running out of breath and having to take ______37______ way before my 9-, 7- and 4-year-old kids,” Peterson wrote on Instagram.The dad from Missoula, Montana then ______38______ himself to get into shape.______39______, he started by giving up drinking and ______40______ a ketogenic diet (生酮食法). Every day for five months straight, he would hike for two hours and spend one more hour at the gym.After 150 days of a strict diet and lots of _______41_______, Peterson lost 92 pounds. Not only that, he can now run _______42_______ up the hiking trail that once made him extremely exhausted (疲惫的).Peterson now uses his story and fitness knowledge to coach and _______43_______ almost 100,000 social media followers — but he says that his kids are the real _______44_______ for his success.“Finding your reason that is _______45_______ if you want to achieve success in life,” he wrote in an Instagram post. “If you don’t have a strong reason behind your _______46_______, you are less likely to get the results.”32．A．discouraged B．experienced C．prevented D．improved33．A．lucky B．honored C．determined D．careful34．A．hike B．diet C．program D．project35．A．upset B．hurt C．rewarded D．exhausted36．A．changes B．contributions C．memories D．preparations37．A．turns B．breaks C．photos D．notes38．A．set B．attracted C．advised D．wished39．A．Besides B．Instead C．However D．Therefore40．A．insisting on B．leading to C．referring to D．agreeing on41．A．practice B．consideration C．exercise D．attention42．A．suddenly B．non-stop C．immediately D．together43．A．please B．compare C．encourage D．force44．A．purpose B．reason C．advantage D．direction45．A．necessary B．simple C．personal D．available46．A．achievements B．imaginations C．conditions D．actions五、六选四The benefits of exercise have been fully noted and your resolutions have been made. Yes, you want to be fit and live a long and healthy life. _____47_____.According to standard advice issued by the World Health Organization, adults should be getting at least 150 minutes of moderate physical workout or 75 minutes of vigorous activity per week to extend their lives, get fit, have stronger muscles and be a healthy weight. If that didn’t already sound a lot, the WHO says to double that if you want to get further benefits.The good news for those who dislike sports is that it’s possible to stick to these guidelines without entering a gym or breaking into a jog. _____48_____.This idea is in line with evidence from a study last year of more than 130,000 people in 17 countries, which found that walking to work and housework such as vacuuming or mopping the floor are activities enough to reduce the risk of early death by 28 per cent, as long as you do 150 minutes a week. If you aren’t one for housework, you will be pleased to hear that your weekly amount of exercise can be put into the weekend with no ill effects, says Gray Donovan of Loughbirough University, UK. _____49_____ But his team analyzed data from more than 63,000 adults in the UK covering 18 years and found that people who favored a “weekend fighter” plan had pretty much the same reduced risk of early death from all causes as those who spread out exercise. “One weekly exercise is usually sufficient to reduce mortality and morbidity (死亡率和发病率),” Donovan says. Even weekend fighters who did less than the recommended amount for the week fared better than inactive people._____50_____ “No level of exercise is too much,” says Donovan. “There’s no increase in mortality or morbidity if you keep increasing the amount.” Just don’t go too hard each time.A．However, take care not to do too much exercise.B．Most governments urge people to do a little every day, or at least spread their exercise over the week.C．Having a busy weekend with three or four hours spent taking exercise does more good than thought.D．Could you ever get too much of a good thing?E．But what do you actually have to do to get the desired results?F．The WHO’s definition of moderate exercise includes housework and gardening.六、概要写作51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Regular exercise can reduce a woman’s risk of cancer, but the benefits may slip away if she gets too little sleep, U.S. researchers said on Monday. The study involving 5,968 women in Maryland confirmed previous findings that people who do regular physical activity are less likely to develop cancer. But when the researchers looked at the women ages 18 to 65 who were in the upper half in terms of the amount of physical exercise they got per week, they found that sleep appeared to play an important role in cancer risk. Those who slept less than seven hours nightly had a 47 percent higher risk of cancer than those who got more sleep among the physically active women, the researchers reported at a meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research. “We think it’s quite interesting and intriguing. It’s kind of a first look into this. It isn’t something that has been widely studied,” James McClain of the National Cancer Institute, part of the U.S. government’s National Institutes of Health, said in a telephone interview. McClain, who led the study, said it is unclear exactly how getting too little sleep may make one more susceptible（易受感染的） to cancer. “Getting adequate sleep has been long associated with health,” McClain said. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention calls sleep loss an under-recognized public health problem, saying Americans are getting less and less slumber. The CDCP said the percentage of adults reporting sleeping six hours or less a night increased from 1985 to 2006. Sleep experts say chronic sleep loss is associated with obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke, cardiovascular disease, depression, cigarette smoking and excessive drinking.In addition, research had shown that people who get regular exercise have a reduced risk of breast, colon and other types of cancer. Experts think the effects of exercise on the body’s hormone levels, immune function and body weight may play an important role.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________七、汉译英（整句）52．普遍认为，平衡的饮食和足够的运动对健康有好处，即使你处于巨大的学业压力之下。(It) ___________________________________________________________________________53．当面对困难和失败的时候，我们应该变得更加强大和自信。(过去分词短语做状语)___________________________________________________________________________54．出国学习可能会让这些学生面临大量的挑战。（likely）___________________________________________________________________________55．项目应为每个团队量身定制，这样才能激励队员们精诚团结，为达成目标不遗余力。(tailor) ___________________________________________________________________________八、建议信56．假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Jim跟你写信提到，他感觉自己现在的身体素质没有以前好了，希望你能给他一些建议，如何保持身体健康。请你给他回信，内容包括：1.表示安慰；2.提出建议；3.表达祝愿。注意：1.词数应为80字左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours, Li Hua A．access B．basically C．eliminate D．fit E. generate F. majorityG. merely H. perform I. power J. promise K. preference参考答案1．eating 2．conducted 3．recorded 4．were telling 5．who 6．Taken 7．whose 8．have claimed 9．that 10．But【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究发现吃巧克力可以提高人们的认知表现，但它并非健康食品，所以应该适量使用。1．考查非谓语。句意：事实证明，吃巧克力可能对健康有相当大的益处。分析句子结构，“____1____ (eat) chocolate”在句中作主语，所以此处填动名词eating。故答案为eating。2．考查非谓语。句意：根据意大利五位科学家最近进行的一项研究，巧克力中发现了一种叫做黄烷醇的化合物, 有助于提高认知能力。分析句子结构，该句子的谓语动词是 can help，所以此处填非谓语动词；逻辑主语 a recent research和conduct之间是被动关系，所以填过去分词conducted作后置定语。故答案为conducted。3．考查时态。句意：在罗马大学和拉奎拉大学学习的科学家们记录了10项不同研究的研究结果。分析句子结构，该空在句子作谓语动词；由后文可知，时态为一般过去时，所以填recorded。故答案为recorded。4．考查系表结构。句意：结果很有说服力：在十项研究中，有九项研究中受试者吃了巧克力后有了明显的改善。由后文句意可知，该结果是“具有说服力”的，所以空处要填be telling，telling在此处是形容词，表示“强有力的、有说服力的”；根据后文的提示动词“was”可知时态为一般过去时，主语results是复数，谓语动词也要用复数。故答案为were telling。5．考查定语从句。句意：在睡眠不足时进行测试的受试者中，尤其是女性，黄烷醇有助于对抗睡眠不足的负面影响。分析句子结构，此处考查非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词women，指人，在从句中作主语，所以要用关系代词who来引导。故答案为who。6．考查非谓语。句意：从五天到三个月，每天吃巧克力可以显著改善认知能力。分析句子结构，“____6____ (take) daily over periods ranging from five days to three months”在句中作状语，所以空处要填非谓语动词，逻辑主语chocolate 和taken之间是被动关系，所以要用过去分词，即taken，作状语；空格置于句首，首字母要大写。故答案为Taken。7．考查定语从句。句意：对于记忆力本来就在下降的老年人而言，他们的改善尤其明显。分析句子结构，此处考查非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Older adults，在从句中作定语，所以用whose来引导。故答案为whose。8．考查时态。句意：事实上，科学家们自己声称，在做了这项研究后，他们已经开始每天吃巧克力了! 分析句子结构，该空作主句的谓语动词；由句意和提示词“they’ve started”，时态为现在完成时，表示已经完成的动作；主语the scientists是复数，谓语动词也要用复数。故答案为have claimed。9．考查宾语从句。句意：现在，我们并不是说你应该开始在早餐、午餐和晚餐吃巧克力——它仍然是高糖低营养的。分析句子结构，此处考查宾语从句，从句部分“you should start eating chocolate for breakfast, lunch, and dinner—it’s still high in sugar and low in nutrients”不缺成分及不缺含义，所以用that来引导该宾语从句。故答案为that。10．考查连词。句意：但下次你发现自己在一个不眠之夜后感到疲惫时，吃一些巧克力，让黄烷醇发挥它们的魔力。由前后句意可知，该句子与前一句呈转折关系，所以该空填连词but；空格置于句首，首字母要大写。故答案为But。11．J 12．F 13．E 14．C 15．G 16．H 17．I 18．B 19．D 20．K【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了降噪耳机的工作原理，以及是否值那么高的价格。11．考查名词。句意：无论是带着哭泣的婴儿在10个小时的飞行途中，还是在隔壁酒店房间的鼾声中入睡，降噪耳机的承诺可能会让每个旅行者都觉得很迷人。根据后文“These headphones are often expensive, and for some people, they don’t live up to the ads.”可知，此处提到广告，所以是降噪耳机的承诺让人着迷，所以promise意为“承诺”符合题意。故选J项。12．考查名词。句意：过去五年的大部分时间里，我都在旅行，坐了几十次飞机和火车，作为一个对降噪耳机测评时间更久的人，我可以肯定地说，也许吧。根据后文“taking dozens of flights and train journeys”可知，“我”大部分时间里都在旅行，a majority of意为“大部分”符合题意。故选F项。13．考查动词。句意：降噪耳机，也叫主动降噪耳机，使用电子处理来分析附近的声音，并试图产生相反的声音。根据后文“The crests and troughs do not perfectly cancel out.”可知，主动降噪耳机是产生一个声音来抵消噪音，所以generate意为“产生”符合题意。to后接动词原形。故选E项。14．考查动词。句意：这些耳机既不能保持安静，也不能消除噪音。根据后文“The crests and troughs do not perfectly cancel out.”可知，降噪耳机不能消除噪音，所以eliminate意为“消除”符合题意。to后接动词原形。故选C项。15．考查副词。句意：最好的降噪耳机只能减少噪音，对低频的嗡嗡声效果最好。根据前文可知降噪耳机不能完全消除噪音，所以只能减少噪音，merely意为“仅仅”符合题意。故选G项。16．考查动词。句意：两种耳机可以声称减少相同数量的噪音，表现完全不同。根据后文“Only hands-on testing, ideally with objective measurements, can tell the difference.”可知，表现不同，需要经过测试来确定，所以perform意为“表演”符合题意。故选H项。17．考查动词。句意：降噪耳机需要电池来为电子设备供电。根据前文“require a battery to”可知，此处to为不定式标志，所以空处应填动词，power意为“驱动”符合题意。故选I项。18．考查副词。句意：它们基本上像耳塞，但有入耳耳塞。根据前文“work by creating a seal in your ear canal to block noise.”可知，工作原理是在耳道中形成一个密封圈来阻挡噪音，所以样子基本上像一个耳塞，basically意为“基本上”符合题意。故选B项。19．考查动词。句意：然而，要获得良好的密封性可能是一个挑战，因为每个人的耳朵都不一样，并不是所有的耳机都能正确贴合。空前是助动词will，所以空处应填动词原形，根据前文“since everyone’s ears are different”可知，每个人的耳朵不同，所以不是所有的耳机都能正确贴合，fit意为“匹配”符合题意。故选D项。20．考查名词。句意：入耳式耳机更容易使用——尽管还是有点不舒服——是我的首选。空前是形容词性物主代词，所以空处应填名词，根据后文“I never fly without them”可知，是“我”的首选，preference意为“偏爱”符合题意。名词作表语。故选K项。21．B 22．C 23．D【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了三种锻炼人们的肺活量，让人们在运动后呼吸更轻松的方式。同时，作者还提醒人们要坚持，不管选择哪种方式，都要持之以恒才能看到效果。21．细节理解题。根据Use Your Diaphragm部分最后一句“Try to wait seven seconds before taking in air again. (在再次吸入空气之前，尝试等待七秒钟)”可知，在锻炼横膈膜的时候，需要在再次吸气之前屏住呼吸。故选B。22．细节理解题。根据Walk for 20 Minutes部分中的倒数第二句“Combine walking with deep breathing to increase your air intake. (步行与深呼吸相结合，以增加空气摄入量)”可知，人们通过结合步行和深呼吸的方式可以增加自己的空气吸入量。故选C。23．细节理解题。根据最后一段“No matter which exercise you pick up, keep this in mind: Chances are that it will take you several months to see the outcome. So keep it up! (无论你选择哪种运动，记住这一点：很可能你需要几个月才能看到结果。所以要坚持下去！)”可知，无论哪一种练习方式都需要长时间的不断练习才能看到效果。故选D。24．C 25．D 26．B 27．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究，该研究认为一周睡眠缺失所带来的不良影响不能通过周末更长的睡眠来偿还。24．词义猜测题。根据第二段的“they hope turning off the alarm on Saturday and Sunday will repay the weekly sleep debt and remove any ill effects.(他们希望在周六和周日关掉闹钟来偿还一周的睡眠债，消除任何不良影响)”和第三段“The research, published in Current Biology, crushes those hopes. Despite complete freedom to sleep during a weekend recovery period, people in a sleep lab who were limited to five hours of sleep on weekdays gained nearly three pounds over two weeks and experienced disorders that would increase their risk for diabetes over the long term.(这项发表在《当代生物学》上的研究crushes这些希望。尽管在周末的恢复期可以完全自由睡觉，但在睡眠实验室里，那些在工作日只能睡5个小时的人在两周内体重增加了近3磅，并经历了长期的失调，这将增加他们患糖尿病的风险)”可知，他们想通过周末增加睡眠来消除平时睡眠不足的希望可能不会实现。由此推知，划线词crushes的意思是“摧毁”，与C. Ruins.(摧毁)意思接近。故选C项。25．细节理解题。根据第四段的“These health effects are long term. It’s kind of like smoking once was — people would smoke and wouldn’t see an immediate effect on their health, but people will say now that smoking is not a healthy lifestyle choice.(这些健康影响是长期的。这有点像吸烟曾经是人们会吸烟，不会对他们的健康产生直接影响，但现在人们会说吸烟不是一种健康的生活方式选择)”可知，Kenneth Wright 认为睡眠不足对人健康的影响要很长时间才能看到，就像吸烟对健康的影响一样。由此可知，D. It takes long for people to see the effects of sleep loss.(对于人们来说要花很长时间才能看到睡眠不足的影响)符合Kenneth Wright的观点。故选D项。26．细节理解题。根据倒数第一段的“Wright said that the study suggests people should put sleep in the first place cutting out the ‘sleep stealers’ such as watching television shows or spending time on their phones.(Wright说这项研究建议人们应该把睡觉放在首位，杜绝看电视节目或玩手机等“偷睡眠的行为。”)”可知，Wright建议人们减少睡眠前看电视或手机的时间。故选B项。27．推理判断题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第一段的“The bad health effects of sleep loss during the week can't be repaid by longer weekend sleep, according to a new study.(根据一项新的研究，一周睡眠缺失所带来的不良影响不能通过更长的睡眠来偿还)”可知，本文的主要目的是介绍一项新的研究，该研究认为一周睡眠缺失所带来的不良影响不能通过周末更长的睡眠来偿还。故选A项。28．B 29．D 30．C 31．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了跑酷这项体育运动，跑酷爱好者将城市作为自己的游乐场，按照自己的意愿在城市中移动。国际体操联合会考虑将跑酷加入奥运会，因为它有助于人们保持健康。然而作者却觉得它是一种生活方式而并非比赛。28．推理判断题。根据第二段中“To them, there are no designed routes. There are no walls and no stairs — they jump, climb, roll and crawl to move across, through, over and under anything that they find in their path.(对他们来说，没有设计好的路线。这里没有墙，也没有楼梯——他们跳、爬、滚、爬，穿过、穿过、越过或从他们路上发现的任何东西下面移动)”可推知，跑酷爱好者会按照自己的意愿移动。故选B。29．细节理解题。根据第三段“The International Gymnastics Federation (FIG) has noticed that this activity is drawing more and more people to it — there are 100, 000 people taking part in parkour today in the UK alone, according to The Guardian — and how it is helpful for people to be much stronger: It trains coordination and balance. So the FIG is thinking about recognizing parkour as a new sport and adding it to the Olympics by 2024.(国际体操联合会已经注意到这项运动正吸引着越来越多的人——据《卫报》报道，目前仅在英国就有10万人参加跑酷——以及跑酷如何有助于人们变得更强壮：它可以锻炼协调性和平衡性。因此，该组织正在考虑接受跑酷为一项新运动，并在2024年将其加入奥运会)”可知，国际体操联合会考虑将跑酷加入奥运会，因为它有助于人们保持健康。故选D。30．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“They see parkour as a way to express themselves through relaxing moves and creative routes while freeing themselves from the pressure.(他们把跑酷视为一种表达自己的方式，通过放松的动作和创造性的路线，同时释放自己的压力)”和倒数第一段“But it would be greater if they knew that not everything in life is a competition.(但是，如果他们知道生活中并非所有事都是比赛的话，就会更好了)”可推知，在作者看来，酷跑是一种人们放松、释放压力的一种生活方式，而并非一种比赛。故选C。31．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Parkour practitioners (跑酷爱好者), however, see the city in a completely different way. To them, there are no designed routes. There are no walls and no stairs — they jump, climb, roll and crawl to move across, through, over and under anything that they find in their path. The city is their playground.(跑酷练习者对城市的看法却完全不同。对他们来说，没有固定的路线。没有墙，也没有楼梯——因为他们通过跳跃、攀爬、翻滚和爬行来穿越、穿过、翻越和从任何他们发现的东西下面移动。城市就是他们的游乐场)”，结合文章主要介绍了跑酷这项体育运动，跑酷爱好者将城市作为自己的游乐场，按照自己的意愿在城市中移动。国际体操联合会考虑将跑酷加入奥运会，因为它有助于人们保持健康。作者认为跑酷帮助人们变得有创造力，还可以释放压力。由此可知，B选项“将城市归为他们自己所有”最符合文章标题。故选B。32．B 33．C 34．A 35．D 36．C 37．B 38．A 39．D 40．A 41．C 42．B 43．C 44．B 45．A 46．D【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位父亲在家庭徒步旅行后，下定决心减肥，并最终成功的故事。他认为一件事的成功背后得有一个理由。32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，这位40岁的父亲在和孩子们一起远足后经历了惊人的变化。A. discouraged使沮丧；B. experienced经历；C. prevented阻止；D. improved提高。根据下文“After 150 days of a strict diet and lots of ______10______, Peterson lost 92 pounds.”可知，这位父亲减了92磅，所以他是经历了惊人的变化。故选B。33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他下定决心减肥是在2017年和家人一起徒步旅行之后，他意识到自己很快就会筋疲力尽。A. lucky幸运的；B. honored感到荣幸的；C. determined坚定的；D. careful仔细的。根据下文“The dad from Missoula, Montana then ______7______ himself to get into shape.”可知，这位父亲是下定决心去减肥。故选C。34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他下定决心减肥是在2017年和家人一起徒步旅行之后，他意识到自己很快就会疲倦。A. hike远足；B. diet节食；C. program程序；D. project项目。空处为原词重现，根据文章第一段“However, this 40-year-old dad ______1______ an astonishing transformation (变化) after a hike with his kids.”可知，这位父亲是和家人一起徒步旅行之后才下定决心减肥的。故选A。35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他下定决心减肥是在2017年和家人一起徒步旅行之后，他意识到自己很快就会疲倦。A. upset心烦意乱的；B. hurt受伤的；C. rewarded有报酬的；D. exhausted疲惫不堪的。空处为原词重现，根据下文“Not only that, he can now run ______11______ up the hiking trail that once made him extremely exhausted (疲惫的).”可知，空处指的是疲倦的。故选D。36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Peterson在Instagram上写道：“我没有记住我们在这次旅行中留下的所有美好回忆，我只记得一件事，它一直在我脑海中反复播放：我发现自己喘不过气来，不得不在我9岁、7岁和4岁的孩子之前休息一下。”A. changes改变；B. contributions贡献；C. memories记忆；D. preparations准备。根据下文“all I can remember is this one thing that kept playing in my head over and over again: I found myself running out of breath and having to take ______6______ way before my 9-, 7- and 4-year-old kids”可知，下文指的是他能记得的事情，所以空处指的是美好的回忆。故选C。37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我没有记住我们在这次旅行中留下的所有美好回忆，我只记得一件事，它一直在我脑海中反复播放：我发现自己喘不过气来，不得不在我9岁、7岁和4岁的孩子之前休息一下，”Peterson在Instagram上写道。A. turns轮流；B. breaks休息；C. photos照片；D. notes便条、笔记。根据上文“He was only ____2____ to lose weight after he went on a ____3____ with his family in 2017 and became aware how quickly he got ______4______ from the activity.”可知，他很容易就会感到疲倦，所以他是要休息。故选B。38．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位来自蒙大拿州米苏拉的父亲开始健身。A. set设定；B. attracted吸引；C. advised建议；D. wished期望。考查短语：set oneself to，意为“决心做某事”。根据上文可知，这位父亲下定决心开始减肥。故选A。39．考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，他从戒酒开始，坚持生酮食法。A. Besides除此之外；B. Instead相反地；C. However然而；D. Therefore因此。根据上文“The dad from Missoula, Montana then ______7______ himself to get into shape.”可知，这位父亲决定开始减肥，而下文介绍了他的减肥方法，之间存在因果关系。故选D。40．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：因此，他从戒酒开始，坚持生酮食法。A. insisting on坚持；B. leading to导致；C. referring to提及、参考；D. agreeing on就……达成一致。根据下文“After 150 days of a strict diet and lots of ______10______, Peterson lost 92 pounds.”可知，他坚持一直如此做，才成功减肥。故选A。41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过150天的严格节食和大量运动，Peterson减掉了92磅。A. practice练习；B. consideration考虑；C. exercise运动；D. attention注意力。根据上文“Every day for five months straight, he would hike for two hours and spend one more hour at the gym.”可知，他不仅控制饮食，还每天坚持运动，所以空处指的是运动。故选C。42．考查副词词义辨析。句意：不仅如此，他现在还可以在曾经让他筋疲力尽的徒步路线上不停地奔跑。A. suddenly突然；B. non-stop不停地；C. immediately立即；D. together共同。这里讲述的是他身上发生的变化，而根据下文“that once made him extremely exhausted (疲惫的).”可知，远足曾经让他很快就疲惫。作为对比，现在应该是可以不停地跑动。故选B。43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Peterson现在用他的故事和健身知识来指导和鼓励近10万名社交媒体粉丝，但他说他的孩子是他成功的真正原因。A. please取悦；B. compare比较；C. encourage鼓励；D. force强迫。根据下文“100,000 social media followers”可知，这些人都在追随他，崇拜他，所以他的故事应该是鼓励了别人。故选C。44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Peterson现在用他的故事和健身知识来指导和鼓励近10万名社交媒体粉丝，但他说他的孩子是他成功的真正原因。A. purpose目的；B. reason原因；C. advantage优点；D. direction方向。根据下文“Finding your reason that is ______14______ if you want to achieve success in life”可知，他认为原因很重要，所以这里指的应该是他自己减肥成功背后的原因是孩子。故选B。45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“如果你想在生活中取得成功，找到你的理由是必要的，”他在Instagram上写道。A. necessary必要的；B. simple简单的；C. personal个人的；D. available可利用的、有空的。根据上文“but he says that his kids are the real ______13_____ for his success.”可知，他认为自己成功的原因是孩子，也就是说他认为找到自己想要做某件事的原因很有必要。故选A。46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你的行为背后没有一个强有力的理由，你就不太可能得到结果。A. achievements成就；B. imaginations想象力；C. conditions条件；D. actions行动。根据上文的“______8______, he started by giving up drinking and ______9______ a ketogenic diet (生酮食法). Every day for five months straight, he would hike for two hours and spend one more hour at the gym.”以及他所说的成功的背后肯定有强有力的原因可知，他认为一个人行动的背后得有原因才能成功。故选D。47．E 48．F 49．B 50．D【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了锻炼对保持健康的重要性，但同时有研究表明，即便是平常的走路去工作、做家务甚至是一周一次的运动也会对一个的健康有意义。在不用力过猛的情况下，运动越多对人的健康越有益。47．根据前句“Yes, you want to be fit and live a long and healthy life”（是的，你想要健康长寿，过一种健康的生活），这是人们追求的结果，且本段为总领段，E选项的“But what do you actually have to do to get the desired results?”（但是你必须要做些什么来获得你渴望的结果呢？），与前句逻辑一致，故选E。48．根据前段提到的世界卫生组织建议的“moderate physical workout”（中等强度的身体锻炼）以及下一段的“which found that walking to work and housework such as vacuuming or mopping the floor are activities enough to reduce the risk of early death by 28 per cent”（研究表明走路上班以及做家务等活动足够减少28%早死的风险率）可知，这些活动也在世界卫生组织所建议的中等强度锻炼之列，故选F。49．根据空格后句的转折“But his team analyzed data from more than 63,000 adults in the UK covering 18 years and found that people who favored a “weekend fighter”.”（“但是他的团队研究了63000多个成年人的数据发现，人们更喜欢在周末运动）可知，这种做法与前空是相反的，那么只有B选项的“Most governments urge people to do a little every day, or at least spread their exercise over the week.”（大部分政府敦促人们每天做点运动，或至少在工作日期间完成他们的运动），人们没有响应政府号召，更习惯周末运动，与后句存在转折关系，逻辑一致，故选B。50．根据本段第二句“No level of exercise is too much,” says Donovan.“Donovan说，没有哪种水平的锻炼会太多”），对运动量做出回答，D选项的“Could you ever get too much of a good thing?”（你会在一件好事上过量吗？），与后句内容的逻辑贴合，故选D。【点睛】做六选四时，首先看清文本类型，通常为说明文，且多为总分结构，每个小分段的第一句通常为总结句，总领本段的内容，围绕第一句的内容写。把握这个思想，可以轻松的选出大部分答案；同时，做这类题时更应把握上下文的逻辑。51．One possible version:US researchers have found that regular exercises may have an active effect on the body’s hormone levels, immune function and body weight which thus may reduce the risk of cancer. But the benefits may slip away if she gets too little sleep, especially less than seven hours nightly which may cause such health problems as obesity, depression and so on. However, it is still unclear exactly how sleeping little may make people more susceptible to cancer.【分析】本文是一篇说明文。 文章介绍美国研究人员发现，定期锻炼可能对身体激素水平、免疫功能和体重产生积极影响，从而降低患癌症的风险。但是，如果睡眠太少，尤其是每晚睡眠不足7小时，可能会导致肥胖、抑郁等健康问题，那么这些好处可能会溜走。然而，目前还不清楚睡眠不足究竟是如何使人们更容易患癌症的。【详解】1 要点摘录①Regular exercise can reduce a woman’s risk of cancer, but the benefits may slip away if she gets too little sleep, U.S. researchers said on Monday. ②Those who slept less than seven hours nightly had a 47 percent higher risk of cancer than those who got more sleep among the physically active women.③it is unclear exactly how getting too little sleep may make one more susceptible（易受感染的） to cancer.④Sleep experts say chronic sleep loss is associated with obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke, cardiovascular disease, depression, cigarette smoking and excessive drinking.⑤Experts think the effects of exercise on the body’s hormone levels, immune function and body weight may play an important role.2.缜密构思将第1、5两个要点进行重组，将第2、4两个要点进行整合。将第3个要点用自己的话进行简要表述。3.遣词造句US researchers have found that regular exercises may have an active effect on the body’s hormone levels, immune function and body weight which thus may reduce the risk of cancer. But the benefits may slip away if she gets too little sleep, especially less than seven hours nightly which may cause such health problems as obesity, depression and so on. However, it is still unclear exactly how sleeping little may make people more susceptible to cancer.【点睛】[高分句型1] US researchers have found that regular exercises may have an active effect on the body’s hormone levels, immune function and body weight which thus may reduce the risk of cancer.运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第一段和最后一段进行了概括。其中that引导的宾语从句、短语have an effect on，which引导的定语从句等表达高级。[高分句型2]：However, it is still unclear exactly how sleeping little may make people more susceptible to cancer. 用how引导主语从句对第五段进行了概括，表达非常高级。52．It is generally acknowledged that a balanced diet and enough exercise are good for health, even if you are under great academic pressure.【详解】考查固定句型和状语从句。表示“普遍认为”句型为It is generally acknowledged that；表示“平衡的饮食和足够的运动”短语为a balanced diet and enough exercise，作主语；表示“对健康有好处”应用be good for health；even if引导让步状语从句，表示“你处于巨大的学业压力之下”翻译为you are under great academic pressure。句子用一般现在时。故翻译为It is generally acknowledged that a balanced diet and enough exercise are good for health, even if you are under great academic pressure.53．When faced with the difficulties and failures, we should become stronger and more confident.【详解】考查状语从句的省略。“当面对困难和失败的时候”可以翻译成when引导的状语从句的省略，“面对”翻译为be faced with，“困难和失败”翻译为the difficulties and failures，主从句主语一致，所以从句可以省略主语和be动词，所以“当面对困难和失败的时候”译为When faced with the difficulties and failures，“我们应该变得更加强大和自信”为主句，翻译为we should become stronger and more confident，故整句翻译为When faced with the difficulties and failures, we should become stronger and more confident。54．Going abroad to study is likely to let these students be faced with a large number of challenges.【详解】考查时态、非谓语动词和固定短语。根据句意可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，“go abroad to study”表示“出国学习”，句中应用动名词短语作主语，句首单词首字母大写，“Going abroad to study”作主语，表示“出国学习”，“be likely to do sth.”意为“可能做某事”，动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数，“be”转换为“is”，“let sb. do sth.”意为“让某人做某事”，“these students”表示“这些学生”，“be faced with”意为“面临……”，“a large number of”意为“大量的”，“challenge”意为“挑战”，为可数名词，“a large number of”后接“challenge”的复数形式“challenges”，“let these students be faced with a large number of challenges”表示“让这些学生面临大量的挑战”。故翻译为Going abroad to study is likely to let these students be faced with a large number of challenges.55．The project should be tailored to the needs of each team so that it can motivate team members to unite together and spare no efforts to achieve their goal.【详解】考查状语从句和固定短语。此处主语为project；表示“应为每个团队量身定制”翻译为should be tailored to the needs of each team；so that引导目的状语从句，表示“激励队员们精诚团结”翻译为motivate team members to unite together，can后跟动词原形；表示“为达成目标不遗余力”翻译为spare no efforts to achieve their goal。故翻译为The project should be tailored to the needs of each team so that it can motivate team members to unite together and spare no efforts to achieve their goal.56．Dear Jim,I am really sorry to know that you have been suffering from poor health these days. In response to your request in the last letter, I am glad to offer my advice.First of all, a balanced diet is of prime importance, considering how obsessed you are with sweet food. It is urgent that you eat more fresh vegetables and fruit and avoid food high in fat and sugar. Besides, daily exercise is equally important. Stick to it, and you will definitely get in better shape. Furthermore, it is said that you will have a healthier heart with at least 7 hours of sleep every night. So, do get enough sleep! One more thing: stay positive and smile more.I do hope my advice will be of practical help to you. I’m looking forward to your recovery.Yours,Li Hua【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Jim回信，就如何保持身体健康给他一些建议。【详解】1.词汇积累提供：offer→ provide主要的：prime → main急迫的：urgent →pressing建议： advice → suggestion2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Besides, daily exercise is equally important.拓展句：Besides, it is equally important that you should do daily exercise.【点睛】[高分句型1] I am really sorry to know that you have been suffering from poor health these days.(运用了that引导的宾语从句)[高分句型2] It is urgent that you eat more fresh vegetables and fruit and avoid food high in fat and sugar.(运用it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句)
单元测试一、用单词的适当形式完成短文Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Sure, chocolate is a delicious treat, and it’s a main part of some of our favourite desserts. But it’s not exactly a health food, so it should be enjoyed in moderation—right?Well, it turns out that ____1____ (eat) chocolate might actually have a pretty significant health benefit. According to a recent research ____2____ (conduct) by five scientists in Italy, compounds found in chocolate, called flavanols (黄烷醇), can help improve cognitive (认知) performance. Yes, chocolate’s good for your brain.The scientists, studying at the Universities of Rome and L’Aquila, ____3____ (record) research from 10 different studies. The studies assessed people’s performance on cognitive tests before and after eating cocoa or chocolate. The results ____4____ (tell): in nine out of the ten studies, there was a noticeable improvement after the subjects had eaten the chocolate. The scientists found improvements in “general cognition, attention, processing speed, and working memory.” Sounds pretty good to us!And that’s not all. In subjects, especially women, ____5____ performed the tests while sleep-deprived, the flavanols helped fight the negative effects of lack of sleep. And there’s even better news. ____6____ (take) daily over periods ranging from five days to three months, chocolate can produce noticeable long-term improvements in cognition. Older adults, ____7____ memories were already declining, saw an especially great improvement. In fact, the scientists themselves ____8____ (claim) that, after doing this research, they’ve started eating chocolate every day! Now, we’re not saying ____9____ you should start eating chocolate for breakfast, lunch, and dinner—it’s still high in sugar and low in nutrients. _____10_____ next time you find yourself tired out after a sleepless night, have some chocolate and let the flavanols work their magic. Go ahead, and take advantage of chocolate’s newfound brainpower with these delicious recipes.二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Noise-canceling headphones worth the price?A little bit of silence. Sometimes that’s all we want. Whether it is halfway through a 10-hour flight with a crying baby or trying to sleep through the snoring from the hotel room next door, the ____11____ of noise-canceling headphones is one that every traveler probably finds charming. Yet are they worth it? These headphones are often expensive, and for some people, they don’t live up to the ads.I’ve spent a ____12____ of the last five years traveling, taking dozens of flights and train journeys, and as someone who has reviewed noise-canceling headphones for even longer, I can definitely say maybe.HOW THEY WORK? Noise-canceling headphones, also called active noise canceling headphones, use electronic processing to analyze nearby sound and attempt to ____13____ the opposite sound. The result is less noise, over all.These headphones don’t create silence, nor are they able to ____14____ noise. The crests and troughs (波峰和波谷) do not perfectly cancel out. The absolute best noise-canceling headphones ____15____ reduce noise and work best with low-frequency droning sounds.Two headphone sets could claim to reduce the same amount of noise but ____16____ completely differently. Only hands-on testing, ideally with objective measurements, can tell the difference.Noise-canceling headphones require a battery to ____17____ their electronics. Noise-isolating headphones, which do not require electronics and therefore can be far cheaper, work by creating a seal in your ear canal to block noise. They are ____18____like earplugs, but with earbuds. If you can get a good seal, these work reasonably well.Getting a good seal can be a challenge, however, since everyone’s ears are different, and not all headphones will ____19____ correctly. And even if you do get a good seal, noise-isolating headphones will not be able to block low-frequency sounds as well as the best noise-canceling headphones. They will reduce a wide range of frequencies, which can help.WHO REALLY NEEDS THEM? If you are a frequent traveler, good noise-canceling headphones will make any journey in a plane, train or automobile far more pleasant.In-ear models are easier—though still slightly uncomfortable—to sleep with and are my ____20____. Over-ear models reduce a little more noise, as they are able to passively block some sound because of their design. But they are always bulky on your head or in your bag. After I stopped reviewing these headphones for Wirecutter, I bought a pair of Bose QuiteComfort 20s, a long time Wirecutter pick, and I never fly without them.三、阅读理解AThree Exercises to Make Breathing EasierIf you lack lung power and feel a little exhausted even after a short jogging, the following exercises can be of great help.Use Your Diaphragm (横膈膜)Your diaphragm is the muscle that controls breathing, and because it is located right above your stomach, you can strengthen them together. Lie on your back with your knees bent, keeping one hand on your stomach and the other on your chest. Breathe in deeply, slowly pulling the air into your lungs. Breathe out through your mouth. Try to wait seven seconds before taking in air again.Imagine You Are Rowing a BoatThis exercise strengthens the upper back muscles and opens your chest cavity (腔), allowing for full lung ability. Sit on the floor with your legs in front of you and knees slightly bent. Put a resistance band around the bottoms of your feet and hold it in front of you in an X shape. Holding an end in each hand, spread your arms, then pull backward until your hands meet your chest. Repeat at least six times three days a week.Walk for 20 MinutesWalking doesn’t just get your heart pumping or work your leg muscles—it also builds up the area around your lungs to help them function better. To get the most out of your walk, stand straight, with your head up and your shoulders back, and keep a heel-to-toe pace, allowing your lungs to fully expand. Combine walking with deep breathing to increase your air intake. Work up to walking three or four days a week.No matter which exercise you pick up, keep this in mind: Chances are that it will take you several months to see the outcome. So keep it up!21．What should you obey if you are strengthening your diaphragm?A．You should lie on your stomach with your knees bent.B．You should hold your breath before breathing in again.C．You should do it seven times a week to get a best result.D．You should do it by breathing in merely with your mouth.22．How can you take in more air?A．By keeping on rowing a boat regularly. B．By opening your chest cavity more often.C．By integrating walking with deep breathing. D．By allowing your lungs to expand to the fullest.23．What do the three exercises have in common?A．They all need some extra assistance. B．They all involve using your both feet.C．They all require you to stand straight. D．They all call for constantly practicing.BThe bad health effects of sleep loss during the week can’t be repaid by longer weekend sleep, according to a new study.Researchers have long known that sleep deprivation (剥夺) can cause weight gain and increase other health risks. But for those who force themselves out of bed every weekday after too few hours of shut eye, they hope turning off the alarm on Saturday and Sunday will repay the weekly sleep debt and remove any ill effects.The research, published in Current Biology, crushes those hopes. Despite complete freedom to sleep during a weekend recovery period, people in a sleep lab who were limited to five hours of sleep on weekdays gained nearly three pounds over two weeks and experienced disorders that would increase their risk for diabetes (糖尿病) over the long term. While weekend recovery sleep had some benefits after a single week of sleep loss, those gains were wiped out when people fell right back into their same sleep deprived schedule the next Monday.“If there are benefits of catch-up sleep, they’re gone when you go back to your daily schedule. It’s very short lived”, said Kenneth Wright, director of the sleep and chronobiology lab at the University of Colorado at Boulder. “These health effects are long term. It’s kind of like smoking once was-people would smoke and wouldn’t see an immediate effect on their health, but people will say now that smoking is not a healthy lifestyle choice. I think that sleep is in the early stage of where smoking used to be.”Wright said that the study suggests people should put sleep in the first place cutting out the “sleep stealers” such as watching television shows or spending time on their phones. Even when people don’t have a choice about losing sleep because of child-care responsibilities or job schedules, they should think about getting sleep in the same way they would get a healthy diet or exercise.24．What does the underlined word “crushes” mean?A．Deepens. B．Ensures. C．Ruins. D．Causes.25．What will Kenneth Wright agree with?A．Smoking is more harmful than sleep loss.B．Weekend recovery sleep has many benefits.C．Smoking and sleep loss have the same bad effects.D．It takes long for people to see the effects of sleep loss.26．What does Kenneth Wright advise people to do?A．Take regular exercise every day. B．Reduce the screen time before sleep.C．Watch some TV shows before bedtime. D．Sleep as long as possible during weekdays.27．What is the main purpose of this passage?A．To introduce a new study. B．To show some unknown facts.C．To promote a healthy lifestyle. D．To share some unhappy experiences.CThere are many ways to travel within a city. We can walk, cycle, or take a bus. But no matter which way we travel, we have to follow the route (线路) the city planners laid down for us.Parkour practitioners (跑酷爱好者), however, see the city in a completely different way. To them, there are no designed routes. There are no walls and no stairs — they jump, climb, roll and crawl to move across, through, over and under anything that they find in their path. The city is their playground.The International Gymnastics Federation (FIG) has noticed that this activity is drawing more and more people to it — there are 100, 000 people taking part in parkour today in the UK alone, according to The Guardian — and how it is helpful for people to be much stronger: It trains coordination and balance. So the FIG is thinking about recognizing parkour as a new sport and adding it to the Olympics by 2024.But parkour practitioners themselves don’t seem to be happy with the idea. They see parkour as “a lifestyle”, wrote the website NextSportStar. “It’s a competition against the conditions rather than just a sport.”Indeed, many do parkour just to “escape the daily routine and experience the city in different ways”, wrote reporter Oli Mould on The Conversation. They see parkour as a way to express themselves through relaxing moves and creative routes while freeing themselves from the pressure.It’s great that the FIG wants to develop a new sport and stay close to a new cultural form. But it would be greater if they knew that not everything in life is a competition.28．How do the parkour practitioners do parkour?A．They plan the way themselves.B．They move on as they wish.C．They run faster than others.D．They follow certain routes.29．Why does the FIG want to add parkour to the Olympics?A．It’s a special way of life.B．It draws their attention.C．It helps balance people’s life.D．It’s good for people to keep healthy.30．What is the author’s idea on parkour?A．It is more exciting than other sports.B．It is worth adding to the sporting event.C．It is more a lifestyle than a competition.D．It encourages people to challenge themselves.31．What is the best title for the passage?A．Parkour practitionersB．Making the city their ownC．Training in a different wayD．A new sports competition四、完形填空Being a parent is already a life-changing experience. However, this 40-year-old dad ______32______ an astonishing transformation (变化) after a hike with his kids.Before Jeremiah Peterson looked like a supermodel, he weighed 290 pounds. He was only ______33______ to lose weight after he went on a ______34______ with his family in 2017 and became aware how quickly he got ______35______ from the activity.“Instead of remembering all the good ______36______ we had made on this trip, all I can remember is this one thing that kept playing in my head over and over again: I found myself running out of breath and having to take ______37______ way before my 9-, 7- and 4-year-old kids,” Peterson wrote on Instagram.The dad from Missoula, Montana then ______38______ himself to get into shape.______39______, he started by giving up drinking and ______40______ a ketogenic diet (生酮食法). Every day for five months straight, he would hike for two hours and spend one more hour at the gym.After 150 days of a strict diet and lots of _______41_______, Peterson lost 92 pounds. Not only that, he can now run _______42_______ up the hiking trail that once made him extremely exhausted (疲惫的).Peterson now uses his story and fitness knowledge to coach and _______43_______ almost 100,000 social media followers — but he says that his kids are the real _______44_______ for his success.“Finding your reason that is _______45_______ if you want to achieve success in life,” he wrote in an Instagram post. “If you don’t have a strong reason behind your _______46_______, you are less likely to get the results.”32．A．discouraged B．experienced C．prevented D．improved33．A．lucky B．honored C．determined D．careful34．A．hike B．diet C．program D．project35．A．upset B．hurt C．rewarded D．exhausted36．A．changes B．contributions C．memories D．preparations37．A．turns B．breaks C．photos D．notes38．A．set B．attracted C．advised D．wished39．A．Besides B．Instead C．However D．Therefore40．A．insisting on B．leading to C．referring to D．agreeing on41．A．practice B．consideration C．exercise D．attention42．A．suddenly B．non-stop C．immediately D．together43．A．please B．compare C．encourage D．force44．A．purpose B．reason C．advantage D．direction45．A．necessary B．simple C．personal D．available46．A．achievements B．imaginations C．conditions D．actions五、六选四The benefits of exercise have been fully noted and your resolutions have been made. Yes, you want to be fit and live a long and healthy life. _____47_____.According to standard advice issued by the World Health Organization, adults should be getting at least 150 minutes of moderate physical workout or 75 minutes of vigorous activity per week to extend their lives, get fit, have stronger muscles and be a healthy weight. If that didn’t already sound a lot, the WHO says to double that if you want to get further benefits.The good news for those who dislike sports is that it’s possible to stick to these guidelines without entering a gym or breaking into a jog. _____48_____.This idea is in line with evidence from a study last year of more than 130,000 people in 17 countries, which found that walking to work and housework such as vacuuming or mopping the floor are activities enough to reduce the risk of early death by 28 per cent, as long as you do 150 minutes a week. If you aren’t one for housework, you will be pleased to hear that your weekly amount of exercise can be put into the weekend with no ill effects, says Gray Donovan of Loughbirough University, UK. _____49_____ But his team analyzed data from more than 63,000 adults in the UK covering 18 years and found that people who favored a “weekend fighter” plan had pretty much the same reduced risk of early death from all causes as those who spread out exercise. “One weekly exercise is usually sufficient to reduce mortality and morbidity (死亡率和发病率),” Donovan says. Even weekend fighters who did less than the recommended amount for the week fared better than inactive people._____50_____ “No level of exercise is too much,” says Donovan. “There’s no increase in mortality or morbidity if you keep increasing the amount.” Just don’t go too hard each time.A．However, take care not to do too much exercise.B．Most governments urge people to do a little every day, or at least spread their exercise over the week.C．Having a busy weekend with three or four hours spent taking exercise does more good than thought.D．Could you ever get too much of a good thing?E．But what do you actually have to do to get the desired results?F．The WHO’s definition of moderate exercise includes housework and gardening.六、概要写作51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Regular exercise can reduce a woman’s risk of cancer, but the benefits may slip away if she gets too little sleep, U.S. researchers said on Monday. The study involving 5,968 women in Maryland confirmed previous findings that people who do regular physical activity are less likely to develop cancer. But when the researchers looked at the women ages 18 to 65 who were in the upper half in terms of the amount of physical exercise they got per week, they found that sleep appeared to play an important role in cancer risk. Those who slept less than seven hours nightly had a 47 percent higher risk of cancer than those who got more sleep among the physically active women, the researchers reported at a meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research. “We think it’s quite interesting and intriguing. It’s kind of a first look into this. It isn’t something that has been widely studied,” James McClain of the National Cancer Institute, part of the U.S. government’s National Institutes of Health, said in a telephone interview. McClain, who led the study, said it is unclear exactly how getting too little sleep may make one more susceptible（易受感染的） to cancer. “Getting adequate sleep has been long associated with health,” McClain said. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention calls sleep loss an under-recognized public health problem, saying Americans are getting less and less slumber. The CDCP said the percentage of adults reporting sleeping six hours or less a night increased from 1985 to 2006. Sleep experts say chronic sleep loss is associated with obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke, cardiovascular disease, depression, cigarette smoking and excessive drinking.In addition, research had shown that people who get regular exercise have a reduced risk of breast, colon and other types of cancer. Experts think the effects of exercise on the body’s hormone levels, immune function and body weight may play an important role.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________七、汉译英（整句）52．普遍认为，平衡的饮食和足够的运动对健康有好处，即使你处于巨大的学业压力之下。(It) ___________________________________________________________________________53．当面对困难和失败的时候，我们应该变得更加强大和自信。(过去分词短语做状语)___________________________________________________________________________54．出国学习可能会让这些学生面临大量的挑战。（likely）___________________________________________________________________________55．项目应为每个团队量身定制，这样才能激励队员们精诚团结，为达成目标不遗余力。(tailor) ___________________________________________________________________________八、建议信56．假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Jim跟你写信提到，他感觉自己现在的身体素质没有以前好了，希望你能给他一些建议，如何保持身体健康。请你给他回信，内容包括：1.表示安慰；2.提出建议；3.表达祝愿。注意：1.词数应为80字左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours, Li Hua A．access B．basically C．eliminate D．fit E. generate F. majorityG. merely H. perform I. power J. promise K. preference参考答案1．eating 2．conducted 3．recorded 4．were telling 5．who 6．Taken 7．whose 8．have claimed 9．that 10．But【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究发现吃巧克力可以提高人们的认知表现，但它并非健康食品，所以应该适量使用。1．考查非谓语。句意：事实证明，吃巧克力可能对健康有相当大的益处。分析句子结构，“____1____ (eat) chocolate”在句中作主语，所以此处填动名词eating。故答案为eating。2．考查非谓语。句意：根据意大利五位科学家最近进行的一项研究，巧克力中发现了一种叫做黄烷醇的化合物, 有助于提高认知能力。分析句子结构，该句子的谓语动词是 can help，所以此处填非谓语动词；逻辑主语 a recent research和conduct之间是被动关系，所以填过去分词conducted作后置定语。故答案为conducted。3．考查时态。句意：在罗马大学和拉奎拉大学学习的科学家们记录了10项不同研究的研究结果。分析句子结构，该空在句子作谓语动词；由后文可知，时态为一般过去时，所以填recorded。故答案为recorded。4．考查系表结构。句意：结果很有说服力：在十项研究中，有九项研究中受试者吃了巧克力后有了明显的改善。由后文句意可知，该结果是“具有说服力”的，所以空处要填be telling，telling在此处是形容词，表示“强有力的、有说服力的”；根据后文的提示动词“was”可知时态为一般过去时，主语results是复数，谓语动词也要用复数。故答案为were telling。5．考查定语从句。句意：在睡眠不足时进行测试的受试者中，尤其是女性，黄烷醇有助于对抗睡眠不足的负面影响。分析句子结构，此处考查非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词women，指人，在从句中作主语，所以要用关系代词who来引导。故答案为who。6．考查非谓语。句意：从五天到三个月，每天吃巧克力可以显著改善认知能力。分析句子结构，“____6____ (take) daily over periods ranging from five days to three months”在句中作状语，所以空处要填非谓语动词，逻辑主语chocolate 和taken之间是被动关系，所以要用过去分词，即taken，作状语；空格置于句首，首字母要大写。故答案为Taken。7．考查定语从句。句意：对于记忆力本来就在下降的老年人而言，他们的改善尤其明显。分析句子结构，此处考查非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Older adults，在从句中作定语，所以用whose来引导。故答案为whose。8．考查时态。句意：事实上，科学家们自己声称，在做了这项研究后，他们已经开始每天吃巧克力了! 分析句子结构，该空作主句的谓语动词；由句意和提示词“they’ve started”，时态为现在完成时，表示已经完成的动作；主语the scientists是复数，谓语动词也要用复数。故答案为have claimed。9．考查宾语从句。句意：现在，我们并不是说你应该开始在早餐、午餐和晚餐吃巧克力——它仍然是高糖低营养的。分析句子结构，此处考查宾语从句，从句部分“you should start eating chocolate for breakfast, lunch, and dinner—it’s still high in sugar and low in nutrients”不缺成分及不缺含义，所以用that来引导该宾语从句。故答案为that。10．考查连词。句意：但下次你发现自己在一个不眠之夜后感到疲惫时，吃一些巧克力，让黄烷醇发挥它们的魔力。由前后句意可知，该句子与前一句呈转折关系，所以该空填连词but；空格置于句首，首字母要大写。故答案为But。11．J 12．F 13．E 14．C 15．G 16．H 17．I 18．B 19．D 20．K【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了降噪耳机的工作原理，以及是否值那么高的价格。11．考查名词。句意：无论是带着哭泣的婴儿在10个小时的飞行途中，还是在隔壁酒店房间的鼾声中入睡，降噪耳机的承诺可能会让每个旅行者都觉得很迷人。根据后文“These headphones are often expensive, and for some people, they don’t live up to the ads.”可知，此处提到广告，所以是降噪耳机的承诺让人着迷，所以promise意为“承诺”符合题意。故选J项。12．考查名词。句意：过去五年的大部分时间里，我都在旅行，坐了几十次飞机和火车，作为一个对降噪耳机测评时间更久的人，我可以肯定地说，也许吧。根据后文“taking dozens of flights and train journeys”可知，“我”大部分时间里都在旅行，a majority of意为“大部分”符合题意。故选F项。13．考查动词。句意：降噪耳机，也叫主动降噪耳机，使用电子处理来分析附近的声音，并试图产生相反的声音。根据后文“The crests and troughs do not perfectly cancel out.”可知，主动降噪耳机是产生一个声音来抵消噪音，所以generate意为“产生”符合题意。to后接动词原形。故选E项。14．考查动词。句意：这些耳机既不能保持安静，也不能消除噪音。根据后文“The crests and troughs do not perfectly cancel out.”可知，降噪耳机不能消除噪音，所以eliminate意为“消除”符合题意。to后接动词原形。故选C项。15．考查副词。句意：最好的降噪耳机只能减少噪音，对低频的嗡嗡声效果最好。根据前文可知降噪耳机不能完全消除噪音，所以只能减少噪音，merely意为“仅仅”符合题意。故选G项。16．考查动词。句意：两种耳机可以声称减少相同数量的噪音，表现完全不同。根据后文“Only hands-on testing, ideally with objective measurements, can tell the difference.”可知，表现不同，需要经过测试来确定，所以perform意为“表演”符合题意。故选H项。17．考查动词。句意：降噪耳机需要电池来为电子设备供电。根据前文“require a battery to”可知，此处to为不定式标志，所以空处应填动词，power意为“驱动”符合题意。故选I项。18．考查副词。句意：它们基本上像耳塞，但有入耳耳塞。根据前文“work by creating a seal in your ear canal to block noise.”可知，工作原理是在耳道中形成一个密封圈来阻挡噪音，所以样子基本上像一个耳塞，basically意为“基本上”符合题意。故选B项。19．考查动词。句意：然而，要获得良好的密封性可能是一个挑战，因为每个人的耳朵都不一样，并不是所有的耳机都能正确贴合。空前是助动词will，所以空处应填动词原形，根据前文“since everyone’s ears are different”可知，每个人的耳朵不同，所以不是所有的耳机都能正确贴合，fit意为“匹配”符合题意。故选D项。20．考查名词。句意：入耳式耳机更容易使用——尽管还是有点不舒服——是我的首选。空前是形容词性物主代词，所以空处应填名词，根据后文“I never fly without them”可知，是“我”的首选，preference意为“偏爱”符合题意。名词作表语。故选K项。21．B 22．C 23．D【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了三种锻炼人们的肺活量，让人们在运动后呼吸更轻松的方式。同时，作者还提醒人们要坚持，不管选择哪种方式，都要持之以恒才能看到效果。21．细节理解题。根据Use Your Diaphragm部分最后一句“Try to wait seven seconds before taking in air again. (在再次吸入空气之前，尝试等待七秒钟)”可知，在锻炼横膈膜的时候，需要在再次吸气之前屏住呼吸。故选B。22．细节理解题。根据Walk for 20 Minutes部分中的倒数第二句“Combine walking with deep breathing to increase your air intake. (步行与深呼吸相结合，以增加空气摄入量)”可知，人们通过结合步行和深呼吸的方式可以增加自己的空气吸入量。故选C。23．细节理解题。根据最后一段“No matter which exercise you pick up, keep this in mind: Chances are that it will take you several months to see the outcome. So keep it up! (无论你选择哪种运动，记住这一点：很可能你需要几个月才能看到结果。所以要坚持下去！)”可知，无论哪一种练习方式都需要长时间的不断练习才能看到效果。故选D。24．C 25．D 26．B 27．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究，该研究认为一周睡眠缺失所带来的不良影响不能通过周末更长的睡眠来偿还。24．词义猜测题。根据第二段的“they hope turning off the alarm on Saturday and Sunday will repay the weekly sleep debt and remove any ill effects.(他们希望在周六和周日关掉闹钟来偿还一周的睡眠债，消除任何不良影响)”和第三段“The research, published in Current Biology, crushes those hopes. Despite complete freedom to sleep during a weekend recovery period, people in a sleep lab who were limited to five hours of sleep on weekdays gained nearly three pounds over two weeks and experienced disorders that would increase their risk for diabetes over the long term.(这项发表在《当代生物学》上的研究crushes这些希望。尽管在周末的恢复期可以完全自由睡觉，但在睡眠实验室里，那些在工作日只能睡5个小时的人在两周内体重增加了近3磅，并经历了长期的失调，这将增加他们患糖尿病的风险)”可知，他们想通过周末增加睡眠来消除平时睡眠不足的希望可能不会实现。由此推知，划线词crushes的意思是“摧毁”，与C. Ruins.(摧毁)意思接近。故选C项。25．细节理解题。根据第四段的“These health effects are long term. It’s kind of like smoking once was — people would smoke and wouldn’t see an immediate effect on their health, but people will say now that smoking is not a healthy lifestyle choice.(这些健康影响是长期的。这有点像吸烟曾经是人们会吸烟，不会对他们的健康产生直接影响，但现在人们会说吸烟不是一种健康的生活方式选择)”可知，Kenneth Wright 认为睡眠不足对人健康的影响要很长时间才能看到，就像吸烟对健康的影响一样。由此可知，D. It takes long for people to see the effects of sleep loss.(对于人们来说要花很长时间才能看到睡眠不足的影响)符合Kenneth Wright的观点。故选D项。26．细节理解题。根据倒数第一段的“Wright said that the study suggests people should put sleep in the first place cutting out the ‘sleep stealers’ such as watching television shows or spending time on their phones.(Wright说这项研究建议人们应该把睡觉放在首位，杜绝看电视节目或玩手机等“偷睡眠的行为。”)”可知，Wright建议人们减少睡眠前看电视或手机的时间。故选B项。27．推理判断题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第一段的“The bad health effects of sleep loss during the week can't be repaid by longer weekend sleep, according to a new study.(根据一项新的研究，一周睡眠缺失所带来的不良影响不能通过更长的睡眠来偿还)”可知，本文的主要目的是介绍一项新的研究，该研究认为一周睡眠缺失所带来的不良影响不能通过周末更长的睡眠来偿还。故选A项。28．B 29．D 30．C 31．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了跑酷这项体育运动，跑酷爱好者将城市作为自己的游乐场，按照自己的意愿在城市中移动。国际体操联合会考虑将跑酷加入奥运会，因为它有助于人们保持健康。然而作者却觉得它是一种生活方式而并非比赛。28．推理判断题。根据第二段中“To them, there are no designed routes. There are no walls and no stairs — they jump, climb, roll and crawl to move across, through, over and under anything that they find in their path.(对他们来说，没有设计好的路线。这里没有墙，也没有楼梯——他们跳、爬、滚、爬，穿过、穿过、越过或从他们路上发现的任何东西下面移动)”可推知，跑酷爱好者会按照自己的意愿移动。故选B。29．细节理解题。根据第三段“The International Gymnastics Federation (FIG) has noticed that this activity is drawing more and more people to it — there are 100, 000 people taking part in parkour today in the UK alone, according to The Guardian — and how it is helpful for people to be much stronger: It trains coordination and balance. So the FIG is thinking about recognizing parkour as a new sport and adding it to the Olympics by 2024.(国际体操联合会已经注意到这项运动正吸引着越来越多的人——据《卫报》报道，目前仅在英国就有10万人参加跑酷——以及跑酷如何有助于人们变得更强壮：它可以锻炼协调性和平衡性。因此，该组织正在考虑接受跑酷为一项新运动，并在2024年将其加入奥运会)”可知，国际体操联合会考虑将跑酷加入奥运会，因为它有助于人们保持健康。故选D。30．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“They see parkour as a way to express themselves through relaxing moves and creative routes while freeing themselves from the pressure.(他们把跑酷视为一种表达自己的方式，通过放松的动作和创造性的路线，同时释放自己的压力)”和倒数第一段“But it would be greater if they knew that not everything in life is a competition.(但是，如果他们知道生活中并非所有事都是比赛的话，就会更好了)”可推知，在作者看来，酷跑是一种人们放松、释放压力的一种生活方式，而并非一种比赛。故选C。31．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Parkour practitioners (跑酷爱好者), however, see the city in a completely different way. To them, there are no designed routes. There are no walls and no stairs — they jump, climb, roll and crawl to move across, through, over and under anything that they find in their path. The city is their playground.(跑酷练习者对城市的看法却完全不同。对他们来说，没有固定的路线。没有墙，也没有楼梯——因为他们通过跳跃、攀爬、翻滚和爬行来穿越、穿过、翻越和从任何他们发现的东西下面移动。城市就是他们的游乐场)”，结合文章主要介绍了跑酷这项体育运动，跑酷爱好者将城市作为自己的游乐场，按照自己的意愿在城市中移动。国际体操联合会考虑将跑酷加入奥运会，因为它有助于人们保持健康。作者认为跑酷帮助人们变得有创造力，还可以释放压力。由此可知，B选项“将城市归为他们自己所有”最符合文章标题。故选B。32．B 33．C 34．A 35．D 36．C 37．B 38．A 39．D 40．A 41．C 42．B 43．C 44．B 45．A 46．D【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位父亲在家庭徒步旅行后，下定决心减肥，并最终成功的故事。他认为一件事的成功背后得有一个理由。32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，这位40岁的父亲在和孩子们一起远足后经历了惊人的变化。A. discouraged使沮丧；B. experienced经历；C. prevented阻止；D. improved提高。根据下文“After 150 days of a strict diet and lots of ______10______, Peterson lost 92 pounds.”可知，这位父亲减了92磅，所以他是经历了惊人的变化。故选B。33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他下定决心减肥是在2017年和家人一起徒步旅行之后，他意识到自己很快就会筋疲力尽。A. lucky幸运的；B. honored感到荣幸的；C. determined坚定的；D. careful仔细的。根据下文“The dad from Missoula, Montana then ______7______ himself to get into shape.”可知，这位父亲是下定决心去减肥。故选C。34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他下定决心减肥是在2017年和家人一起徒步旅行之后，他意识到自己很快就会疲倦。A. hike远足；B. diet节食；C. program程序；D. project项目。空处为原词重现，根据文章第一段“However, this 40-year-old dad ______1______ an astonishing transformation (变化) after a hike with his kids.”可知，这位父亲是和家人一起徒步旅行之后才下定决心减肥的。故选A。35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他下定决心减肥是在2017年和家人一起徒步旅行之后，他意识到自己很快就会疲倦。A. upset心烦意乱的；B. hurt受伤的；C. rewarded有报酬的；D. exhausted疲惫不堪的。空处为原词重现，根据下文“Not only that, he can now run ______11______ up the hiking trail that once made him extremely exhausted (疲惫的).”可知，空处指的是疲倦的。故选D。36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Peterson在Instagram上写道：“我没有记住我们在这次旅行中留下的所有美好回忆，我只记得一件事，它一直在我脑海中反复播放：我发现自己喘不过气来，不得不在我9岁、7岁和4岁的孩子之前休息一下。”A. changes改变；B. contributions贡献；C. memories记忆；D. preparations准备。根据下文“all I can remember is this one thing that kept playing in my head over and over again: I found myself running out of breath and having to take ______6______ way before my 9-, 7- and 4-year-old kids”可知，下文指的是他能记得的事情，所以空处指的是美好的回忆。故选C。37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我没有记住我们在这次旅行中留下的所有美好回忆，我只记得一件事，它一直在我脑海中反复播放：我发现自己喘不过气来，不得不在我9岁、7岁和4岁的孩子之前休息一下，”Peterson在Instagram上写道。A. turns轮流；B. breaks休息；C. photos照片；D. notes便条、笔记。根据上文“He was only ____2____ to lose weight after he went on a ____3____ with his family in 2017 and became aware how quickly he got ______4______ from the activity.”可知，他很容易就会感到疲倦，所以他是要休息。故选B。38．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位来自蒙大拿州米苏拉的父亲开始健身。A. set设定；B. attracted吸引；C. advised建议；D. wished期望。考查短语：set oneself to，意为“决心做某事”。根据上文可知，这位父亲下定决心开始减肥。故选A。39．考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，他从戒酒开始，坚持生酮食法。A. Besides除此之外；B. Instead相反地；C. However然而；D. Therefore因此。根据上文“The dad from Missoula, Montana then ______7______ himself to get into shape.”可知，这位父亲决定开始减肥，而下文介绍了他的减肥方法，之间存在因果关系。故选D。40．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：因此，他从戒酒开始，坚持生酮食法。A. insisting on坚持；B. leading to导致；C. referring to提及、参考；D. agreeing on就……达成一致。根据下文“After 150 days of a strict diet and lots of ______10______, Peterson lost 92 pounds.”可知，他坚持一直如此做，才成功减肥。故选A。41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过150天的严格节食和大量运动，Peterson减掉了92磅。A. practice练习；B. consideration考虑；C. exercise运动；D. attention注意力。根据上文“Every day for five months straight, he would hike for two hours and spend one more hour at the gym.”可知，他不仅控制饮食，还每天坚持运动，所以空处指的是运动。故选C。42．考查副词词义辨析。句意：不仅如此，他现在还可以在曾经让他筋疲力尽的徒步路线上不停地奔跑。A. suddenly突然；B. non-stop不停地；C. immediately立即；D. together共同。这里讲述的是他身上发生的变化，而根据下文“that once made him extremely exhausted (疲惫的).”可知，远足曾经让他很快就疲惫。作为对比，现在应该是可以不停地跑动。故选B。43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Peterson现在用他的故事和健身知识来指导和鼓励近10万名社交媒体粉丝，但他说他的孩子是他成功的真正原因。A. please取悦；B. compare比较；C. encourage鼓励；D. force强迫。根据下文“100,000 social media followers”可知，这些人都在追随他，崇拜他，所以他的故事应该是鼓励了别人。故选C。44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Peterson现在用他的故事和健身知识来指导和鼓励近10万名社交媒体粉丝，但他说他的孩子是他成功的真正原因。A. purpose目的；B. reason原因；C. advantage优点；D. direction方向。根据下文“Finding your reason that is ______14______ if you want to achieve success in life”可知，他认为原因很重要，所以这里指的应该是他自己减肥成功背后的原因是孩子。故选B。45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“如果你想在生活中取得成功，找到你的理由是必要的，”他在Instagram上写道。A. necessary必要的；B. simple简单的；C. personal个人的；D. available可利用的、有空的。根据上文“but he says that his kids are the real ______13_____ for his success.”可知，他认为自己成功的原因是孩子，也就是说他认为找到自己想要做某件事的原因很有必要。故选A。46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你的行为背后没有一个强有力的理由，你就不太可能得到结果。A. achievements成就；B. imaginations想象力；C. conditions条件；D. actions行动。根据上文的“______8______, he started by giving up drinking and ______9______ a ketogenic diet (生酮食法). Every day for five months straight, he would hike for two hours and spend one more hour at the gym.”以及他所说的成功的背后肯定有强有力的原因可知，他认为一个人行动的背后得有原因才能成功。故选D。47．E 48．F 49．B 50．D【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了锻炼对保持健康的重要性，但同时有研究表明，即便是平常的走路去工作、做家务甚至是一周一次的运动也会对一个的健康有意义。在不用力过猛的情况下，运动越多对人的健康越有益。47．根据前句“Yes, you want to be fit and live a long and healthy life”（是的，你想要健康长寿，过一种健康的生活），这是人们追求的结果，且本段为总领段，E选项的“But what do you actually have to do to get the desired results?”（但是你必须要做些什么来获得你渴望的结果呢？），与前句逻辑一致，故选E。48．根据前段提到的世界卫生组织建议的“moderate physical workout”（中等强度的身体锻炼）以及下一段的“which found that walking to work and housework such as vacuuming or mopping the floor are activities enough to reduce the risk of early death by 28 per cent”（研究表明走路上班以及做家务等活动足够减少28%早死的风险率）可知，这些活动也在世界卫生组织所建议的中等强度锻炼之列，故选F。49．根据空格后句的转折“But his team analyzed data from more than 63,000 adults in the UK covering 18 years and found that people who favored a “weekend fighter”.”（“但是他的团队研究了63000多个成年人的数据发现，人们更喜欢在周末运动）可知，这种做法与前空是相反的，那么只有B选项的“Most governments urge people to do a little every day, or at least spread their exercise over the week.”（大部分政府敦促人们每天做点运动，或至少在工作日期间完成他们的运动），人们没有响应政府号召，更习惯周末运动，与后句存在转折关系，逻辑一致，故选B。50．根据本段第二句“No level of exercise is too much,” says Donovan.“Donovan说，没有哪种水平的锻炼会太多”），对运动量做出回答，D选项的“Could you ever get too much of a good thing?”（你会在一件好事上过量吗？），与后句内容的逻辑贴合，故选D。【点睛】做六选四时，首先看清文本类型，通常为说明文，且多为总分结构，每个小分段的第一句通常为总结句，总领本段的内容，围绕第一句的内容写。把握这个思想，可以轻松的选出大部分答案；同时，做这类题时更应把握上下文的逻辑。51．One possible version:US researchers have found that regular exercises may have an active effect on the body’s hormone levels, immune function and body weight which thus may reduce the risk of cancer. But the benefits may slip away if she gets too little sleep, especially less than seven hours nightly which may cause such health problems as obesity, depression and so on. However, it is still unclear exactly how sleeping little may make people more susceptible to cancer.【分析】本文是一篇说明文。 文章介绍美国研究人员发现，定期锻炼可能对身体激素水平、免疫功能和体重产生积极影响，从而降低患癌症的风险。但是，如果睡眠太少，尤其是每晚睡眠不足7小时，可能会导致肥胖、抑郁等健康问题，那么这些好处可能会溜走。然而，目前还不清楚睡眠不足究竟是如何使人们更容易患癌症的。【详解】1 要点摘录①Regular exercise can reduce a woman’s risk of cancer, but the benefits may slip away if she gets too little sleep, U.S. researchers said on Monday. ②Those who slept less than seven hours nightly had a 47 percent higher risk of cancer than those who got more sleep among the physically active women.③it is unclear exactly how getting too little sleep may make one more susceptible（易受感染的） to cancer.④Sleep experts say chronic sleep loss is associated with obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke, cardiovascular disease, depression, cigarette smoking and excessive drinking.⑤Experts think the effects of exercise on the body’s hormone levels, immune function and body weight may play an important role.2.缜密构思将第1、5两个要点进行重组，将第2、4两个要点进行整合。将第3个要点用自己的话进行简要表述。3.遣词造句US researchers have found that regular exercises may have an active effect on the body’s hormone levels, immune function and body weight which thus may reduce the risk of cancer. But the benefits may slip away if she gets too little sleep, especially less than seven hours nightly which may cause such health problems as obesity, depression and so on. However, it is still unclear exactly how sleeping little may make people more susceptible to cancer.【点睛】[高分句型1] US researchers have found that regular exercises may have an active effect on the body’s hormone levels, immune function and body weight which thus may reduce the risk of cancer.运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第一段和最后一段进行了概括。其中that引导的宾语从句、短语have an effect on，which引导的定语从句等表达高级。[高分句型2]：However, it is still unclear exactly how sleeping little may make people more susceptible to cancer. 用how引导主语从句对第五段进行了概括，表达非常高级。52．It is generally acknowledged that a balanced diet and enough exercise are good for health, even if you are under great academic pressure.【详解】考查固定句型和状语从句。表示“普遍认为”句型为It is generally acknowledged that；表示“平衡的饮食和足够的运动”短语为a balanced diet and enough exercise，作主语；表示“对健康有好处”应用be good for health；even if引导让步状语从句，表示“你处于巨大的学业压力之下”翻译为you are under great academic pressure。句子用一般现在时。故翻译为It is generally acknowledged that a balanced diet and enough exercise are good for health, even if you are under great academic pressure.53．When faced with the difficulties and failures, we should become stronger and more confident.【详解】考查状语从句的省略。“当面对困难和失败的时候”可以翻译成when引导的状语从句的省略，“面对”翻译为be faced with，“困难和失败”翻译为the difficulties and failures，主从句主语一致，所以从句可以省略主语和be动词，所以“当面对困难和失败的时候”译为When faced with the difficulties and failures，“我们应该变得更加强大和自信”为主句，翻译为we should become stronger and more confident，故整句翻译为When faced with the difficulties and failures, we should become stronger and more confident。54．Going abroad to study is likely to let these students be faced with a large number of challenges.【详解】考查时态、非谓语动词和固定短语。根据句意可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，“go abroad to study”表示“出国学习”，句中应用动名词短语作主语，句首单词首字母大写，“Going abroad to study”作主语，表示“出国学习”，“be likely to do sth.”意为“可能做某事”，动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数，“be”转换为“is”，“let sb. do sth.”意为“让某人做某事”，“these students”表示“这些学生”，“be faced with”意为“面临……”，“a large number of”意为“大量的”，“challenge”意为“挑战”，为可数名词，“a large number of”后接“challenge”的复数形式“challenges”，“let these students be faced with a large number of challenges”表示“让这些学生面临大量的挑战”。故翻译为Going abroad to study is likely to let these students be faced with a large number of challenges.55．The project should be tailored to the needs of each team so that it can motivate team members to unite together and spare no efforts to achieve their goal.【详解】考查状语从句和固定短语。此处主语为project；表示“应为每个团队量身定制”翻译为should be tailored to the needs of each team；so that引导目的状语从句，表示“激励队员们精诚团结”翻译为motivate team members to unite together，can后跟动词原形；表示“为达成目标不遗余力”翻译为spare no efforts to achieve their goal。故翻译为The project should be tailored to the needs of each team so that it can motivate team members to unite together and spare no efforts to achieve their goal.56．Dear Jim,I am really sorry to know that you have been suffering from poor health these days. In response to your request in the last letter, I am glad to offer my advice.First of all, a balanced diet is of prime importance, considering how obsessed you are with sweet food. It is urgent that you eat more fresh vegetables and fruit and avoid food high in fat and sugar. Besides, daily exercise is equally important. Stick to it, and you will definitely get in better shape. Furthermore, it is said that you will have a healthier heart with at least 7 hours of sleep every night. So, do get enough sleep! One more thing: stay positive and smile more.I do hope my advice will be of practical help to you. I’m looking forward to your recovery.Yours,Li Hua【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Jim回信，就如何保持身体健康给他一些建议。【详解】1.词汇积累提供：offer→ provide主要的：prime → main急迫的：urgent →pressing建议： advice → suggestion2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Besides, daily exercise is equally important.拓展句：Besides, it is equally important that you should do daily exercise.【点睛】[高分句型1] I am really sorry to know that you have been suffering from poor health these days.(运用了that引导的宾语从句)[高分句型2] It is urgent that you eat more fresh vegetables and fruit and avoid food high in fat and sugar.(运用it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句)
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