新高考英语二轮语法回顾与训练学案---定语从句（含答案）

这是一份新高考英语二轮语法回顾与训练学案---定语从句（含答案），共8页。试卷主要包含了基本概念，基本结构，关系代词和关系副词的区别，一些特殊的先行词，as 的用法，定语从句中的主谓一致等内容，欢迎下载使用。

1. 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2. 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
3. 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，它代替前面的先行词，且在定语从句中充当一个成分。它包括关系代词和关系副词。
The man wh is shaking hands with my father is a pliceman.
该句中，wh is shaking hands with my father是定语从句，修饰先行词the man, “wh”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man, 在定语从句中作主语。
二、基本结构
先行词（名词、代词）+（关系代词、关系副词）+ 陈述句语序。
The reasn (that) he gave fr being late was just an excuse.
三、关系代词和关系副词的区别
关系代词（that / wh / whm / whse / which / as）代替先行词在定语从句中做主语、宾语、表语、定语。
关系副词（when / where / why）代替先行词在定语从句中做时间状语、地点状语和原因状语，在有些情况下可分解成：介词+ which。
I’ll never frget the days which / that we spent in the remte village.
I’ll never frget the days when / during which we stayed in the remte village.
考点归纳
一、只能用that 不能用which的情况
1. 当先行词是“人 + 物”时，关系代词用that。
2. 先行词是不定代词（all / everything / smething / anything / little / much / the ne等）时，关系代词多用that。
3. 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词或限定词the nly / the very / all / every / any / few / n等修饰时，关系代词一般用that，如果先行词指人也可以用wh。
They talked f things and persns that they remembered in schl.
Australia is the nly cuntry that is als a cntinent.
二、不能用that的情况
1. that不能引导非限定性定语从句。
2. 介词后不用that（介词后指人用whm，指物用which）。
Spam（垃圾邮件）, which nce meant a nt-s-gd kind f canned meat, nw stands fr unwanted junk email. Spam曾经用来指不好的罐装肉，现在代表不想要的垃圾邮件。
Jhn invited abut 40 peple t his wedding, mst f whm are family members.
三、whse引导的定语从句
whse可以指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，后跟名词。
whse + 名词 = 名词 + f which / whm = f which / whm + 名词
Lk ut! Dn’t get clse t the huse whse rf is being repaired.
The teacher had a careful talk with Tm, the majr prblem f whm is pr study habits.
四、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选择。
在确定其中的介词时，可从以下三方面入手：
1. 句子的意思；2. 先行词的意义；3. 从句中的动词固定搭配。
He was educated at a lcal grammar schl, after which he went n t Cambridge.
This is the farm n which he wrked tw years ag.
In the dark street there was nt a single persn t whm she culd turn fr help.
五、一些特殊的先行词
当situatin, pint, case, activity, scene, atmsphere, cnditin, stage及perid, festival, ccasin等作先行词时，要注意具体情况具体分析：先行词在从句中作主语、宾语和表语时，用关系代词that / which引导从句；先行词在从句中作状语时，用关系副词where / when或“介词 + which”引导从句，表示在某种特定的情形下。
I had reached a pint in my career where I needed t decide which way t g.
What are sme situatins where bdy language is the nly frm f cmmunicatin?
六、as 的用法
1. 用在固定搭配the same …as；； such…as；中。
This is the same bag as I lst last week.
This is such a difficult prblem as I can’t wrk ut.
2. as引导非限定性定语从句，意思为“正如”常见习惯用语有：
as ften happens 正如经常发生的那样
as is ften the case 通常情况是这样
as is mentined abve 正如上面提到的
as is knwn / as we knw 众所周知
As is mentined abve, the number f senir high schl students is increasing.
As I have pinted ut, it is imprtant t include vegetables in ur diet.
七、注意way（方式）后接定语从句时的引导词
先行词是way，当引导词在从句中作状语时，关系词用in which, that或者省略；当引导词在从句中作主语或宾语时，用that/which引导（作宾语时，引导词也可以省略）。比较：
The way (that / which) he explained t us was quite simple. (把从句补充完整：he explained the way t us，可以看出引导词在从句中作explained的宾语。)
The way (that / in which) he explained the sentence was simple.(把从句补充完整：he explained the sentence in the way，可以看出引导词在从句中作状语。)
八、that引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别
在定语从句中，定语从句对先行词起修饰作用，引导词that在从句中作主语或宾语；在同位语从句中, 同位语从句对同位名词内容起解释说明作用，引导词that不作任何成份。
The idea that cmputers can recgnize human vices surprises many peple. （同位语从句）
The idea that he put frward surprises many peple. （定语从句）
九、定语从句中的主谓一致
1. 关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致，先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数。
2. “ne f + 复数名词”作先行词时，关系代词在从句中作主语，从句的谓语动词常用复数，但当代词前有the, the nly, the very等修饰时，从句的谓语动词用单数。
Titanic is the nly f these wnderful mvies that has been prduced in Hllywd.
China Tday attracts a wrldwide readership, which shws that mre and mre peple all ver the wrld want t learn abut China.
强化训练
一、填空：在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Scientists have advanced many theries abut why human beings cry tears, nne f _________has been prved.
2. We will put ff the picnic in the park until next week, _________the weather may be better.
3. I live next dr t a cuple _________children ften make a lt f nise.
4. Many yung peple, mst f _________were well-educated, _________ (head) fr remte regins t chase their dreams.
5. It is a truly delightful place, _________lks the same as it must have dne 100 years ag with its winding streets and pretty cttages.
6. Oppsite is St.Paul’s Church, _________yu can hear sme lvely music.
7. The number f smkers, _________is reprted, has drpped by 17 percent in just ne year.
8. The bss f the cmpany is trying t create an easy atmsphere _________his emplyees enjy their wrk.
9. Please send us all the infrmatin _________ yu have abut the candidate fr the psitin.
10. Happiness and success ften cme t thse _________are gd at recgnizing their wn strengths.
11. I dn’t becme a serius climber until the fifth grade, _________I went up t rescue a kite that _________ (stick) in the branches f a tree.
12. He wrte a letter _________he explained what had happened in the accident.
13. He was generus with his time, _________ which I was very grateful.
14. One cncern relates t a lack f cntrl ver _________appears n the Internet.
15. Researchers have discvered that “night milk” cntains mre melatnin(退黑激素), _________ has been prven t help peple feel _________ (sleep) and reduce_________ (anxius)
二、改错：每句错误最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除和修改。
1. English is a language sharing by several diverse cultures, each f them uses it differently.
2. Students shuld invlve themselves in cmmunity activities which they can gain experience fr grwth.
3. The bk has helped me greatly in my daily cmmunicatin, especial at wrk which a gd impressin is a must.
4. A cmpany which prfits frm hme markets is declining may seek pprtunities abrad.
5. Finally he reached a lnely island where was cmpletely cut ff frm the utside wrld.
6. There are three stage in study - preview, study in class and review, amng them review is the mst imprtant.
7. It is nt nly a city with the lng histry but als has many places f interest, which yu can enjy yurself.
8. M Yan was awarded the Nbel Prize fr Literature in 2012, it made ne f the Chinese peple’s lng-held dreams came true.
9. We wke up early and then walked n the cuntry rad, what was extremely quiet.
10. As the smallest child f his family, Alex is always lnging fr the time which he shuld be able t be independence.
三、翻译。（用定语从句翻译下列各句）
1. 他把成功归功于那些经验丰富而又贴心的老师，从他们身上他不仅学到了知识，还学到了做一个优秀人才的艺术。
2. 接触不同文化真的是很好的经历。它一定会拓宽我们的视野甚至使我们未来的发展受益匪浅。
3. 这是一个很有用的网站，提供许多网上课程。
4. 在那个重大日子，二十个选自全国各地的优秀高中生将在体育馆就所给话题进行演讲。
5. 我校将举行一个中学生摄影展，主题是环境保护。
6. 最后，使用移动设备会减少纸的使用，这对环境有好处。
7. 最后，我要表示对主办方的真诚感谢。没有他我们不可能有这么宝贵的经历。
8. 另外，你们的技艺精湛，对中国学生印象深刻。
9. 竞赛按计划在下午四点开始，将持续一个小时，在此期间有六位选手将轮流比赛。
10. 你在上封信中提到的几个栏目正是我爱。
11. 开幕式上会有各种节目展示，包括舞蹈、唱歌和一场足球秀，旨在培养我们对足球的兴趣。
参考答案：
一、填空
1. which 2. when 3. whse 4. whm, headed 5. which 6. where 7. as 8. where 9. that 10. wh 11. when; was stuck 12. where / in which 13. fr 14. what 15. which; sleepy; anxiety
二、改错
1. sharing - shared; them - which
2. which - where
3. especial - especially; which - where
4. which - whse; is - are
5. where - which
6. stage - stages; them - which
7. the - a; which - where
8. it - which; came - cme
9. what - which
10. which - when; independence - independent
三、翻译（用定语从句翻译下列各句）
1. He wed his success t thse experienced and thughtful/cnsiderate teachers, frm whm he learned nt nly knwledge, but the art f being an excellent persn.
2. Being expsed t diverse cultures is really a great experience, which definitely extends ur hrizns and even benefits ur future develpment a lt.
3. It is a helpful website where a variety f nline curses are prvided.
4. On the big day, twenty utstanding/distinguished high schl students wh have been selected frm all parts f China will deliver their speeches n the given tpic in the stadium.
5. Our schl is scheduled t hld a High Schl Student Phtgraphy Shw, the theme f which is envirnmental prtectin.
6. Finally, using mbile devices will reduce the use f paper, which will be gd fr the envirnment.
7. Last but nt least, I’d like t express my sincere gratitude t the hst, withut whm we culdn’t have had the valuable experience.
8. In additin, yur art skills are excellent and admirable, which are really impressive t us Chinese students.
9. The cntest is scheduled t start at 4:00 pm and lasts abut an hur, during which time six participants will cmpete in turn.
10. Sme f the clumns which/that yu mentined in yur last letter are my cup f tea.
11. There will be all kinds f prgrammes in the pening ceremny, including dancing, singing and a ftball talent shw, the purpse f which is t develp ur interest in ftball.