新高考英语二轮语法回顾与训练学案---非谓语动词（含答案）

这是一份新高考英语二轮语法回顾与训练学案---非谓语动词（含答案），共12页。试卷主要包含了非谓语动词的定义，非谓语动词的功能，非谓语动词的含义，不定式等内容，欢迎下载使用。

非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式t d、v.-ing和v.-ed。
二、非谓语动词的功能：在句中充当除谓语之外的其他成分（主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等）。注意: 过去分词dne 不能充当主语和宾语；having (been) dne不能作主语或定语。
三、非谓语动词的含义：
1. t d 表“为了做”、“结果（常指意料外的结果）”时，常做目的状语和结果状语；表“要去”、“将要”时，常做定语或表语等。
2. ding 带有“主动”或“正在 / 一直进行中”的含义；表情绪的v.-ing常表“令人感到…”的含义。
3. dne 带有“被动”或“已经完成”的含义；表情绪的v.-ed常表“感到…”的含义。
考点归纳
一、不定式t d与v.-ing作主语
除固定句型外，v.-ing作主语和不定式t d作主语无重大区别，只是侧重点有所不同。v.-ing常表示泛指的、一般的行为；不定式t d常表示某次具体的行为或将来的动作。
Smetimes shpping frm ne lcatin t anther makes yu wait in line.（泛指一般的、通常的行为）
It tk years f wrk t reduce the industrial pllutin and clean the water. （特指一次具体行为）
常考固定句型：
（1）It’s n use / gd / fun / pleasure ding sth.
It’s n use cmplaining that yu dn’t have an pprtunity t land an ideal jb.
（2）It’s +adj. + (fr / f sb.) + t d sth.
能搭配f或者fr的形容词有哪些？归纳如下，请牢记！
It’s kind / brave / plite / careless / hnest / clever f yu t d…=Yu are kind / brave / plite / careless / hnest / clever t d…
It’s imprtant / difficult / necessary / easy fr yu t d…（不能说Yu are imprtant / difficult / necessary / easy t d…）
It’s brave f yu t rescue the child frm the burning huse.
It’s difficult fr me t handle the prblem.
二、不定式t d与v.-ing作宾语
1. 常接不定式作宾语的动词，即affrd / agree…t d sth，（请重点记忆）：
affrd, agree, aim, bther, decide, determine, expect, fail, hpe, intend, manage, ffer, pretend, refuse, threaten
I cannt affrd t pay such a price.
We decided nt t g ut because f the weather.
2. 常接v.-ing作宾语的动词（短语），即admit / advise…ding sth，请重点记忆：
admit, advise, appreciate, avid, delay, enjy, escape, finish, imagine, mind, miss, practice / practise, quit, risk, resist, stand, suggest, tlerate, feel like, cannt help / resist, be busy, be wrth…
They culdn’t help / resist laughing when they heard the jke. 他们听到这个笑话不禁大笑起来。
The mvie is wrth watching.
部分动词后即可接不定式也可接v.-ing作宾语，但意思有很大差别： remember t d sth. 记住要做某事（未做）
remember ding sth. 记得做过某事（已做）
frget t d sth. 忘记去做某事（未做）
frget ding sth. 忘记做过某事（已做）
regret t d sth. 遗憾要做某事（未做）
regret ding sth. 后悔/抱歉做过某事（已做）
try t d sth. 努力做某事
try ding sth. 尝试做某事
mean t d sth. 计划做某事
mean ding sth. 意味着做某事
can’t help t d sth. 不能帮助做某事
can’t help ding sth. 情不自禁做某事
g n t d sth. 继续做另一件事
g n ding sth. 继续做同一件事
stp t d sth. 停下来去做另一件事
stp ding sth. 停下正在做的事情
4. 一些动词后即可接不定式也可接v.-ing作宾语，意义基本无差异。如：
begin ding / t d, start ding / t d, like ding / t d, cntinue ding / t d等。
I like reading / t read English nvels.
5. 常考考点：
pretend t d (假装要做)；pretend t be ding (假装正在做)；pretend t have dne (假装做了)
happen t d (碰巧要做)；happen t be ding (碰巧正在做)； happen t have dne (碰巧做了)
seem / appear t d（似乎要做）/ t be ding（似乎正在做）/ t have dne（似乎做了）
As many peple d, yu ften pretend t be wrking when / while actually yu are just wasting time nline.
三、不定式、v.-ing、v.-ed作表语
1. 不定式、v.-ing作表语无本质区别，一般可以互换。
My hbby is cllecting / t cllect ancient cins.
v.-ing和v.-ed作表语相当于形容词，但要注意二者的区别：v.-ed表“感到…”，一般修饰人；v.-ing表“令人…”，一般修饰物。
I am cnfused with this cnfusing questin.
She was really frightened because the news is frightening.
3. 常考考点：
sth remains t be dne …（某事）有待做
It still remains t be seen whether the differences appear t cause big prblems.
四、不定式、v.-ing、v.-ed作定语
1. 不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后，表示未发生的动作或通常发生的某一动作。
He is always the first t cme and the last t leave.
2. v.-ing做定语，常常表示主动或正在进行的动作。
The travel cmpany in Hng Kng, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here fr peple living in Shanghai and Hng Kng.
The building being built nw is ur stadium.
3. v.-ed作定语表示被动、或完成的意义。
The prducer cmes regularly t cllect the cameras returned t ur shp fr quality prblems.
4. v.-ed和v.-ing作定语相当于形容词的区别：v.-ed表“感到…”；v.-ing表“令人…”。
an interesting mvie 一部有趣的电影
a frightened girl一个害怕的女孩
但v.-ed可用在表示情绪的词语中，需特别记忆：
a puzzled expressin困惑的表情
a determined lk一个坚定的眼神
an excited scream激动的尖叫声
a satisfied smile满意的微笑
After hearing the frightening news, she let ut a frightened cry.
5. 比较下列不定式、v.-ing、v.-ed作定语并表示被动的区别
The prblem t be discussed at the next meeting is f great significance. 下次会议上将要讨论的问题很重要。（不定式做定语 = The prblem which is t be discussed at the next meeting is…）
The prblem being discussed at the meeting is f great significance. 正在会议上讨论的问题很重要。（v.-ing做定语 = The prblem which is being discussed at the meeting is…）
The prblem discussed at the meeting yesterday was f great significance. 昨天会议上讨论的问题很重要。（v.-ed做定语 = The prblem which was discussed at the meeting yesterday was…）
五、不定式、v.-ing、v.-ed作宾语补足语
1. 多数动词后常跟带符号t的不定式做宾语补足语：如ask, tell, want, wish, rder, instruct, persuade, advise, allw, warn, encurage, cause, require等，即 ask sb. (nt) t d等结构。其被动结构为：sb be asked (nt) t d sth.
My reply made him smile, and he asked me t write an essay n that subject.
The water cmpanies were instructed nt t expse peple t plluted water any mre.
2. 部分动词后需使用不带t的不定式作宾语补足语，如感官动词see, watch, hear, feel, ntice, bserve和使役动词let, have, make，即see sb. d等结构，常表示动作的整个过程；但在被动语态中仍需使用带t的不定式。
He was made t sit in a frnt seat fr his pr eyesight.
They were bserved t pen the windw and jump int the huse.
注意：
（1）let / have sb. d结构(仅限主动语态)，表达“让/使某人做…”。
（2）get sb. t d sth.“使 / 让某人做…”。
3. 常考考点：
（1）see / ntice / watch / bserve / hear + 宾语 + d（全过程）/ ding（正在进行）/ dne（被动）
（2）have / get / make / leave / keep + 宾语 + dne 使…被做
（3）leave / keep + 宾语 + ding… 使…一直做…
（4）find sb / neself + ding…（表主动、进行）发现某人自己…
find sb / neself + dne （表被动）
（5）catch sb + ding… 抓到某人正在做…
（6）with 的复合结构：
→ with + 宾语 + ding 表示主动、正在进行的动作
→ with + 宾语 + dne 表示被动、完成的动作
→ with + 宾语 + t d 表示尚未进行的动作（无被动）
（7）make neself dne使某人自己被…
The fans burst int scream the minute they saw Micheal Jacksn dancing t the music n the stage.
With time passing by, he almst frgt everything in the past.
He sat n the chair, with his hands tied behind his back.
With a lt f wrk t cmplete, she was nt allwed t ask fr a leave.
If yu want t make yurself understd, yu may as well give an adequate explanatin fr being late.
六、不定式、v.-ing、v.-ed作状语
1. 不定式作状语通常表示：
（1）原因（多用在表示喜、怒、哀、乐等形容词后面）。
When scientists inspected the bnes, they were surprised t find that these dinsaurs culd nt nly run like the thers but als climb trees. 当科学家们检查骨骼的时候，他们惊奇地发现这些恐龙不仅能够像其他动物一样跑而且能够爬树。
（2）目的（可用s as t, in rder t替换，但s as t不能用于句首）。
Parents and children shuld cmmunicate mre ften t narrw the gap between them s that they can understand each ther better. 父母和孩子应该多交流，缩小他们之间的隔阂，以便于他们能更好的理解彼此。
（3）结果（nly t d表出乎意料的结果）。
He hurried t the train statin, nly t be tld the train had left. 结果被告知…
（4）常考的评论性状语（插入语），请牢记：
t be frank / hnest坦率地说
t be sure毫无疑问
t be shrt长话短说
t tell the truth说实话
t make matters wrse更糟糕地是
t begin with首先
t sum up总的来说
T tell the truth, I dn’t agree with yu.
2. v.-ing做状语可表示时间、原因、结果、伴随、方式、目的以及作评论性状语等。它与句子的主语构成主动关系。
（1）作时间状语
v.-ing的一般式（ding）作时间状语，往往表示动作与谓语动词同时发生或相继发生。
v.-ing的完成式（having dne）作时间状语，往往表示动作先于谓语动词发生。
Hearing the news, they all jumped with jy.
Having finished his speech, he answered ur questins.
（2）作原因状语
Living far frm the schl, I have t get up early in the mrning.
（3）作结果状语，常位于句尾，前面的主句表示原因，后面的分词短语表示直接造成的结果，基本相当于which引导的非限制性定语从句。
The fire lasted a whle night, causing great damage.
（4）作伴随或方式状语，表示与谓语动词同时发生的另一动作。
Nw there is a system where the waste is dispsed f (处理) using the principles f eclgy.
Fllwing Tm, we started t climb.
Peple at that time prbably cked their fd in large pts, using twigs树枝t remve it.
（5）作评论性状语，有些惯用的分词短语在句中可以独立存在，它们用来修饰全句，表明说话者的态度、观点等。常见的评论性状语，请牢记：
generally speaking一般说来
strictly / technically speaking严格地说来
hnestly / frankly speaking说实话
allwing fr / cnsidering 考虑到
rughly speaking 大致说来
judging frm / by 由…判断
Generally speaking, a gd listener participates in the cnversatin, ffering ideas and raising questins t keep the talk flwing freely. 一般而言，善于倾听的人在谈话的时候，往往会提出想法和问题，从而使得谈话能顺畅地进行下去。
Judging frm / by her accent, she must cme frm Australia.
3. v.-ed在句中可作时间、原因、条件、伴随、方式状语。它与句子的主语构成被动关系。
(When) asked abut his address, he didn’t make a respnse.
The pp star hurried up t her car, fllwed by her fans.
Infected with the H1N1, the little by was separated frm the ther children.
4. 某些v.-ed已经形容词化，常常出现于一些系表结构中，或单独拿出来作状语。此时这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态。
这样的词有：lst迷路的，seated坐，hidden躲，lst / absrbed in沉溺于，dressed in穿着，tired f感到厌倦…
Absrbed in his bk, he didn’t ntice me enter the rm.
Lst in the muntains fr a week, we were finally saved by the lcal plice.
强化训练
一、填空：在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的适当形式。
1. When _________ (visit) Lndn n hliday in 1906 he was surprised _________ (find) mst f the city’s department stres were n match fr their American cmpetitrs.
2. Many child-develpment experts agree that _________ (tie) a child’s allwance t chres can be a slippery slpe.
3. Scientists say thusands f animals get trapped in the flating waste, _________ (result) in death r _________ (injure).
4. Dad wuld wrk _________ the farm, _________ (ease) the ecnmic and physical burdens grandpa carried.
5. What’s the best way _________ (prevent) diseases _________ (cause) by biting insects?
6. I heard a passenger behind me _________ (shut) t the driver, but he refused _________ (stp) until we reached the next stp.
7. _________ (punish) by his bss several times, he was in _________ very bad md.
8. Deeply _________ (mve) by what he said, I felt like _________ (say) smething, but I culdn’t speak ut a wrd.
9._________ (represent) ur university’s student assciatin, we went t the Capital Internatinal Airprt _________ (meet) this year’s internatinal students.
10._________ (hear) her cughing bitterly ne night, I decided _________ (pull) her frm lcal swim team.
11.It was difficult fr her _________ (accept) that she wasn’t a _________ (win).
12.With s many peple _________ (cme) t pick up their children, traffic jams are frequent near ur schl gate, _________ (cause) a lt f incnvenience t us.
二、改错：每句错误最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除和修改。
1. At that time, hunger was a disturbed prblem in the cuntryside, making him disturbing.
2. A small bk explained hw t cut the death rate frm having and cared fr babies caught my eye.
3. As time ging n, many peple are cnvinced that use a cmputer is a must in the mdern wrld.
4. When faced a prblem, I cannt simple shrug my shulders and give up.
5. After he heard frm the bad news, his face tk n a wrrying expressin.
6. He went ut t play, left his hmewrk unfinished, that made him punished by his teacher.
7. With the help f Tm, a rmmate f me, I’ve sn gt used t live withut my parents arund.
8. Quantities f classes teaching in English prvides students with a better envirnment.
9. Technically spken, it’s wrthwhile imprve wrking cnditins fr factry wrkers.
10. Tday we use chemicals in almst every part f ur lives, hped t make life faster, cnvenient r just better.
三、翻译。
1. 在我看来，参加英语演讲比赛对我来说是一个好机会。
2. 我写信建议取消“课堂禁止使用智能手机等其他移动设备”的禁令。
3. 看到你的广告后，我想更多了解关于你六周英语课程的细节。
4. 为了更好地利用我们读过的书籍，我们可以自由交换书籍。
5. 被邀请参加聚会是我的荣幸。
6. 不采取行动只是抱怨是没有用的。
7. 期望被一所重点大学录取，我意识到学好英语的重要性。
8. 为了激发我们的兴趣，开阔我们的视野，我们校报将开办一个新的栏目。
9. 在网上买书是节省时间和金钱最好的方式之一。
10. 由于老师对他所做的事情很满意，于是在班上表扬了他。
参考答案：
一、填空
1. visiting; t find 2. tying 3. resulting; injury 4. n; easing 5. t prevent; caused 6. shuting; t stp 7. Having been punished; a 8. mved; saying 9. Representing; t meet 10. Hearing; t pull 11. t accept; winner 12. cming; causing
二、改错
1. disturbed - disturbing; disturbing - disturbed
2. explained - explaining; cared-caring
3. ging - ges或as-with; use - using
4. faced后加with或faced - facing; simple - simply
5. 去掉frm; wrrying - wrried
6. left - leaving; that - which
7. me - mine; live - living
8. teaching - taught; prvides - prvide
9. spken - speaking; imprve前加t或imprve - imprving
10. hped - hping; cnvenient前加mre
三、翻译
1. As far as I am cncerned, it’s a gd chance fr me t participate in the English Speaking Cmpetitin.
2. I am writing t suggest lifting/ablishing/cancelling/calling ff the ban n using smart phnes and ther mbile devices in class.
3. Having seen / After seeing yur ad, I’d like t knw mre details abut yur six-week English curse.
4. T make full use f the bks we had/have read, we culd/can exchange bks freely.
5. It’s an hnr fr me t be invited t attend the party.
6. It’s n use cmplaining withut taking actin.
7. Expecting t be admitted t a key university, I am aware f the imprtance f studying English well.
8. In rder t aruse ur interests and braden ur hrizns, ur schl newspaper will start a new clumn.
9. Buying bks n the Internet is ne f the best ways t save time and mney.
10. Satisfied with what he did, the teacher praised him in class.