新高考英语一轮复习教案：复合句

这是一份新高考英语一轮复习教案：复合句，共11页。教案主要包含了名词性从句等内容，欢迎下载使用。

从句担任什么句子成分，这个从句就叫该成分的从句。
根据从句在句中的作用，可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。
一、名词性从句
名词性从句相当于名词，可作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句四种。 (从属连词：用来连接主句和从句的连词称为从属连词)
从 属 连接词：that/whether/if 不充当从句的任何成分
连 词 连接代词：wh/whm/whse、what、which当主/宾/表/定语
(标签) 连接副词：when/where/hw/why 充当从句的状语
主语从句
由连接词引导
eg: That the earth turns arund the sun is knwn t all.
Whether he will cme r nt is nt yet knwn.
由连接代词引导
eg: Wh will g is nt imprtant.
What we need is mre practice.
由连接副词引导
eg: Where the meeting will be held hasn’t been decided.
When he will return is an imprtant questin.
另外也可以用it作形式主语，主语从句作真正主语放句子后面
eg: It’s a pity that she has made such a flish mistake.
It’s reprted that three peple were killed in the traffic accident.
It desn’t matter whether he will cme r nt.
表语从句
由连接词引导
eg: The questin is whether we shuld ask them fr help.
由连接代词引导
eg: China is nt what it used t be.
由连接副词引导
eg: That is why he didn’t pass the exam.
表语从句还可以由as if /as thugh/ as/because来引导
eg: It lks as if it were ging t rain.
Things are nt always as they seem t be.
It’s because yu eat t much.
宾语从句
宾语从句在复合句中作及物动词、介词、形容词的宾语。
I think that watching TV t much is bad fr peple’s health.
I wnder if yu can d me a favur.
I wnder why he refused my invitatin.
He asked me whse handwriting is the best in the class.
I dn’t knw which schl he is in.
The teacher is pleased with what he has said.
I always think f hw I can imprve my English.
I’m afraid that I can’t accept yur invitatin.
We are glad that ur ftball team has wn the match.
另外也可以用it作形式宾语，宾语从句作真正宾语放句子后面
eg: I find it necessary that we shuld ask him fr advice.
同位语从句
同位语从句一般放在某些抽象名词如：fact/ news/ idea/ thught/ advice/ suggestin/ truth/ hpe/ prblem/ questin/ infrmatin/ rder/ belief/ dubt/ fear等的后面，说明该名词的具体内容。
eg: The news that he has been elected president f the United States is true.
I have n idea when he will be back.
名词性从句需注意的几个问题
名词性从句用陈述语气
eg: I dn’t knw where he has gne.
名词性从句中的宾语从句其引导词that可以省略
eg: I think (that) watching TV t much is bad fr peple’s health.
名词性从句中的宾语从句为介宾时，不用which引导， 而用what 引 导而用what 引导。
eg: Are yu srry fr what yu have dne?
用whether而不用if表“是否”的情况
用来引导主语从句放句首
eg: Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn’t decided yet.
用来引导表语从句和同位从句
eg: The questin is whether the film is wrth seeing.
eg: The news whether ur team has wn the match is unknwn.
作介词宾语，介词有时可以省略
eg: It all depends (n) whether they will supprt us.
后面直接跟不定式时
eg: He desn’t knw whether t stay r nt.
后面跟r nt
eg: We didn’t knw whether she was ready r nt.
定语从句
定语从句起定语作用，修饰句中的名词或代词，被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。
从属 关系代词：wh/whm/whse/which/that/as当主/宾/定语
连词 关系副词：wh en/where/why 充当从句的状语
1、 先行词为人时，从属连词在句中作主语：wh/that
作宾语：whm/that/wh(可省略)
eg: This is the man wh/that helped me.
The dctr (whm/that) yu are lking fr is in the rm.
2、 先行词为物时，从属连词在句中作主语：which/that
作宾语：which/that(可省略)
eg: The building which/that stands near the river is ur schl.
This is the bk (which/that) yu need.
3、 先行词为时间时，从属连词在句中作状语：when
作宾语：which/that(可省略)
eg: I will never frget the day when I met Mr. Liu.
I will never frget the day (which/that) we spent tgether.
4、 先行词为地点时，从属连词在句中作状语：where
作宾语：which/that(可省略)
eg: This is the factry where my father nce wrked.
This is the factry (which/that) we visited last week.
5、 先行词为原因时，从属连词在句中作状语：why
作宾语：which/that(可省略)
eg: I dn’t knw the reasn why yu were absent frm the meeting, but I’m sure that smene will tell me the reasn (which/that) yu haven’t tld me.
6、 从属连词whse，其先行词既可为人也可为物，在从句中作定语
eg: This is the scientist whse name is knwn all ver the cuntry.
Nbdy wants the huse whse rf has fallen in.
7、 关系代词选用that而不用which或wh的情况
先行词既有人又有物
eg: They talked f things and persns that they remembered in the schl.
② 当主句以which或wh开头时，定语从句用that引导以避免重复
eg: Which is the bike that yu lst?
Wh is the by that was here just nw.
③ 先行词是不定代词all/few/little/much/smething/anything/nthing等 eg: All that we have t d is t practise mre.
④ 先行词被all/ any sme/few/little/every/n等修饰时
eg: I have read all the bks that yu gave me.
⑤ 先行词被the nly/the very/the same/the last/just等修饰时
eg: He is the nly persn that I want t talk t.
⑥ 先行词是系数词或形容词最高级或者被它们修饰时
eg: The train is the last that will g t Suzhu.
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
⑦ 当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时
eg: Shanghai is n lnger the city that it used t be.
8、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句是有含义区别的
eg: She has tw sns wh are PLA man. 限制性定语从句
她有两个当解放军的儿子。(她可能还有其它的儿子但不当解放军)
She has tw sns, wh are PLA man. 非限制性定语从句
她有两个儿子，他们都是解放军。(她有且只有两个儿子)
非限制性定语从句与主句之间一般用逗号隔开，而限制性定语从句与主句之间不用逗号隔开。
非限制性定语从句不用that引导，一般用which或as来引导。
非限制性定语从句的引导词which有时指代前面的整个句子。
eg: He gave his mther a clur TV set fr her birthday, which pleased her a lt.
9、由that引导的定语从句与由that引导的同位语从句
eg: The train that has just left is fr Beijing.
The truth that the earth mves arund the sun is knwn t all.
先行词是具体的名词或代词还是抽象名词
作用：是修饰限定(……的)还是补充说明(具体内容)
that在从句中是否充当成分：定语从句中有，同位语从句中无
that是否可以省略：定语从句中作宾语可以省略，同位语从句中不能省略。
10、as与which的区别
引导非限制性定语从句，which只放句中，as可放句首或句中
as常与前面the same、such等呼应使用
eg: Such peple as yu discribe are thught t be fls nwadays.
He is nt the same man as he was. 他和过去不同了。
as有“正如”、“就像”的意思而which没有
eg: as it is said abve as it is
11、分隔定语从句：一般来讲定语从句要紧跟在先行词的后面，但有时中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开称为分隔定语从句。
eg: There is an expressin in his eyes that I can’t understand.
The days are gne frever when Chinese peple were lked dwn upn.
12、定语从句中关系代词、关系副词在从句中充当一个成分，因此，使用时要注意避免句子成分的重复出现。
eg: Let me have a lk at the dictinary that yu bught it yesterday.
This is the huse where I lived in tw years ag.
句中的where = in which (关系副词 = 关系代词 + 介词)
状语从句
状语从句在复合句中作状语，可分为时间、地点、条件、原因、结果、目的、方式、让步、比较状语从句共九种。
时间状语从句
时间状语从句常用when/while/as/after/befre/since/until/as sn as等来引导，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。
eg: I will g n with the wrk when I cme back tmrrw.
We will wait until the dctr cmes.
① when/ while/ as表示“当……的时候”
eg: I will tell her abut that when I see her.
As he walked alng the street, he sang happily.
as sn as/ the mment/ immediately/ directly/ instantly表示 “ “一……就”
eg: I will tell yu as sn as I knw.
③ hardly…when…/ n sner…than…表示“刚……就”
主句用had dne, 从句用did, 主句常用倒装
eg: Hardly had I entered the rm when I heard a lud nise.
地点状语从句：注意与定语从句区分
I shall g where wrking cnditins are difficult. 地点状语从句
I shall g t the place where wrking cnditins are difficult.定语从句
原因状语从句
原因状语从句常用because/since/nw (that)/as/fr等来引导
eg: Since the tw children were brught up in the suth, they have never seen snw.
Nw that yu are well again, yu can g n with yur wrk.
As it is getting very late, we have t g hme.
As he didn’t knw much English, he ften tk a dictinary with him.
We must start early, fr we have a lng way t g.
以下几种情况只能用becarse
回答why提出的问题；
用来引导表语从句；
eg: He didn’t speak t yu, it was because he didn’t recgnize yu.
用在强调原因状语从句的强调句中；
当从属连词前有nly/just/simply等修饰时：
eg: Yu shuldn’t get angry just because sme peple speak ill f yu.
because + 句子 注意
because f + 名词或短语 区别
结果状语从句
结果状语从句常用s that/s…that…/such…that…等来引导
s + adj./adv. + a/an + n.(单) + that
such + a/an + adj./adv. + n.(单) + that
such + adj./adv. + n.(复/不可数) + that
eg: It’s s heavy a bx that nbdy can mve it.
It’s such a heavy bx that nbdy can mve it.
名词前有表示数量多少的形容词few/ a few/ little/ a little/ many/ much等修饰时，用s而不用such，但注意little有时表示的是“小”
eg：Such a little animal eat s much fd. 其中little表示的是“小”
条件状语从句
条件状语从句常用if/ unless/ as(s) lng as/n cnditin that/ prvided that等来引导。可分为真实条件状语从句和非真实条件状语从句两种。
真实条件状语从句：假设的情况有可能发生的条件状语从句，主句一般用将来时，从句一般用现在时且要用陈述语气。
eg: We will cme ver t see yu n Wednesday if we have time.
非真实条件状语从句：假设的情况发生的可能性不大或完全是一种空想的条件状语从句，从句中使用虚拟语气。
eg: If we had had mre time yesterday, we culd have dne the wrk.
目的状语从句
目的状语从句常用s(使得)/ that(以便)/ s that(为了)/ in case(以免)/ lest(以防)/ in rder that等来引导，从句中常有may/ might / can / culd/ shuld等情态动词。
eg: I will take a raincat with me in case it rains.
方式状语从句
方式状语从句常用as/ just as/ as if/ as thugh等来引导。
eg: The man carried the bx away as he was tld.
比较状语从句
比较状语从句常用as…as…/ nt as(s)…as/ mre…than/ less…than/ the…the…等来引导，从句中常省略成分。
eg: He is nt s tall as yu (are).
The mre we can d fr yu, the happier we wil be.
让步状语从句
让步状语从句常用thugh/ althugh/ even if/ even thugh/ as/ whether…r…(无论)/ n matter…/ …ever等来引导。
eg: I wil g whether it rains r shines.
as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序且使用零冠词
Child as he is, he can answer this questin.
Yung as he is, he knws a lt.
s that引导的结果状语从句与目的状语从句
We all arrived at eight, s that the meeting began immediately. (结果)
We will cme at eight s that the meeting can begin early. (目的)
结果状语从句一般用逗号与主句隔开，目的状语从句不；
目的状语从句一般含有情态动词，结果状语从句无；
从句中如果有情态动词culd时，两种从句都是。
He spke ludly s that everybdy culd hear him.
应避免出现双连词
eg: If I am tld such a thing, and I will g t.
Because he was ill, s he culdn’t cntinue his wrk.
because与s不连用
Thugh he was tired, but he went n wrking.
thugh与but不连用，但可以与yet/ still连用