高考英语语法词汇专项突破：01表解情态动词八大要点+巩固练习+答案

这是一份高考英语语法词汇专项突破：01表解情态动词八大要点+巩固练习+答案，共12页。
【要点速览】
一、can和culd，be able t二、may和 might
三、must和have t四、shall和shuld
五、will和wuld, used t六、need和dare
七、ught t的用法：八、“情态动词+have dne”用法
附：情态动词精题精析
【表解情态动词重难点】
一、can和culd
特别说明：
culd用来表示请求时，语气委婉，主要用于疑问句，不能用于肯定句，答语应用can（即：culd不能用于现在时态的简略答语中）。如：
——Culd I use yur dictinary?
——Yes, yu can.(否定回答可用：N, I’m afraid nt.)
can和be able t辨析
can(culd)和be able t都可以表示能力，意思上没有区别。但can只有现在式和过去式，而be able t则有更多的形式。如：
I’ve always wanted t able t speak fluent English.
Thse bags lk really heavy, are yu sure yu’ll be able t carry them n yur wn?
但是，表示在过去某时的某一场合经过一番努力，终于做成了某事，通常不用culd，而用was/were able t来表示。这时，was/were able t相当于managed t d或succeed in ding。如：
After the accident it was a lng time befre she was able t walk again.
The fire was very big, but mst peple were able t escape frm the building.
(3) 惯用形式“cannt …t…”表示“无论怎么……也不（过分）”。如：
Yu cannt be t careful.你越小心越好。
惯用形式“cannt but+ 不定式（不带t）”表示“不得不，只好”。如：
I cannt but admire her determinatin.我不得不钦佩你的决心。

二、may和 might
三、must和have t
四、shall和shuld
五、will和wuld
特别说明：wuld与used t辨析
wuld可用来表示过去反复出现的动作，但不能表示过去存在的状态，所以我们不能说：“she wuld be a quiet girl.”
另外，wuld强调过去某种特定情况下的活动，是完全过去的事情，同现在没有联系。而used t则着眼于过去和现在的对比，隐含现在已不存在，动作或状态都可表示。Wuld可以表示不规则的习惯，used t则不可。如：
He used t be a naughty by and cause truble.
I used t get up at six in the mrning.
Smetimes she wuld take a walk in the neighbring wds.
In thse days, whenever I had difficulties, I wuld g t Mr. Chen fr help.
六、need和dare
七、ught t的用法：
说明：shuld与ught t 表示“应该”时的区别
shuld 表示自己的主观看法，而ught t的语气中，含有“按道理应该……”之意。若要反映客观情况或涉及法律义务和规定，一般用ught t。如：
Yu shuld help them with their wrk.
Yu are his father. Yu ught t get him t receive gd educatin.
八、“情态动词+have dne”用法
附：情态动词精题精析
1.---- It’s said that Mary went t that small muntain village yesterday evening.
---- Yes, thugh she ______, she _____ g.
A. needn’t; had t B. didn’t need t; must
C. need t; must D. need; has t
[答案与分析] B。need作为情态动词用于疑问句和否定句中，排除D。C中need是实意动词，但是与第三人称代词she的人称不一致。根据第一句知道Mary已经去过，由thugh看出主从句是让步关系，“没有必要”与“不得不”之间矛盾，“不得不去”就意味着“有必要去”， must有“偏偏”的意思，所以选B。句意是：虽然她不用去，她却偏偏要去。
2. She _______ the bk smetimes in the past, r she ______ the questin s well.
A. must read; mustn’t have answered B. must have read; culdn’t answer
C. must have read; culdn’t have answered D. must read; must have read
[答案与分析] C。根据s well的提示知道answer的动作已经发生，前面的in the past说明read动作已经发生，根据must have dne表示对过去事实的肯定推测排除A和D。后面是对过去事实的否定推测，用culdn’t have dne。故选B。句意是：他一定在过去某个时候读过这本书，不然，这个问题他不会回答这么好的。
3. He has suffered a lt these years. He _______ my advice.
A. shuld fllw B. ught t fllw
C. shuld t have fllwed D. ught t have fllwed
[答案与分析] D。“他这些年吃了许多苦”是已经发生的事实，“听从建议”应该在以前发生，所以用shuld have dne或者ught t have dne表示“过去本来该做某事”，但是实际上没有做。故选D，此处的ught t have fllwed=shuld have fllwed。
4. ---- Please give my sincere regards t all the members f yur family.
---- Thank yu, I _____.
A. am ging t B. can C. will D. have t
[答案与分析] C。be ging t一般指已经计划好的事情，表示在说话时作出的决定时一般用will。本题是听到上句后做出的决定，所以选C。
5. He was a gd swimmer s he ____ swim t the river bank when the bat sank.
A. was able t B. culd C. can D. culd be able t
[答案与分析] A。当表示过去做某事的具体能力，尤其指在一定场合经过努力才成功的某一次动作，不用culd，而用was/were able t。从“船沉时他游泳到岸上”看出是过去经过努力做成具体事情，故选A。注意在否定句中wasn’t able t或者culdn’t都可以。
【牛刀小试】从所给的A,B,C,D四个答案中选出最佳答案。
1. ---- Culd I use yur car?
---- Yes, f curse, yu _____.
A. shuld B. ught C. culd D. can
2. The car ____ break dwn just as we were ging n ur hliday.
A. wuld B. must C. had t D. shuld
3. --- _____ yu like t have lunch with me tday?
--- Yes, f curse. It’s kind f yu.
A. Will B. Culd C. Wuld D. May
4. --- They _____ be in such a hurry fr there is enugh time
--- But they want t find a better place where they ____ can see the film mre clearly.
A. needn’t; can B. aren’t need; can C. hadn’t better; shall D. must; will
5. ---Dn't frget t cme t my birthday party tmrrw and bring yur camera?
---______.
A. I dn't B. I wn't C. I can't D. I haven't
Key: 1-5 DBCAB情态动词
用法
例句
can/culd
表示能力
1．“I dn’t think Mike can type.”
“Yes, he can.”
2．I can speak fluent English nw , but I culdn’t last year.
在肯定句中，表示客观可能性，并不涉及具体某事会发生，常用来说明人或事物的特征。要表达具体某事实际发生的可能性时，不用can，需用culd，may，might。
As a human being, anyne can make a mistake.
I’m cnfident that a slutin can be fund.
He can be very frgetful smetimes.
I may stay at hme this weekend.（实际可能性）
Peter might cme t jin us.(实际可能性)
It will be sunny in the daytime ,but it culd rain tnight.(实际可能性)
表示请求和允许。表示请求，口语中常用culd代替can，使语气更委婉。
Can we turn the air cnditiner n?
Any plice fficer can insist n seeing a driver’s license.
In sccer, yu can’t tuch the ball with yur hands.
Culd yu have her call me back when she gets hme, please?
I wnder if I culd just ask yu t sign this.
表示对现在的动作或状态进行主观的猜测，主要用在否定句和疑问句中。
It can’t be easy caring fr a man and a child wh are nt yur wn.
Can the man ver there be ur head master?
表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度，主要用在否定句、疑问句和感叹句中。
Can this be an excuse fr nt giving them help?
This can’t be true.
Hw can yu be s crazy.
情态动词
用法
例句
may/might
表示允许、许可。否定回答一般用must nt/mustn’t,表示“禁止、阻止”之意，但也可以用had better nt (最好别)或may nt（不可以），语气较为委婉。
May I cme in and wait?
——May I smke here?
——N, yu mustn’t(或N, yu’d better nt.)
在表示请求、允许时，might比may语气更委婉些。用May I征询对方许可在文体上比较正式，在口气上比较客气，在日常用语中，用Can I征询对方意见更为常见。
Might I brrw yur pen?
I wnder if I might speak t yur sn.
表示可能性的推测，通常用在肯定句和否定句中，含有“或许”“大概”“可能”之意；用might代替may时，则语气显得更加不肯定。
It may rain this afternn.
She might cme t jin us this afternn.
I suppse he might have missed the train.
may用于祈使句表示祝愿
May yu succeed.
Lng may he live! 愿他能持续住下去。
May yu have many mre days as happy as this ne.
May she rest in peace.愿她安息。
惯用句式：
“may well+ 动词原形”，意为“完全能，很可能”，相当于t be very likely t
“may as well或might(just)as well+动词原形”意为“最好，满可以，倒不如”，相当于“had better或there is n reasn t d anything else.
It may well change frever the way yu lk at Greek art.
There may well be a real prblem here.
There is nthing t d, s I may as well g t bed.
Yu may as well tell us nw, we’ll find ut sner r later.
I suppse we might as well g hme.
And if yu have t plugh the field anyway, yu might as well plant it at the same time.
情态动词
用法
例句
must
表示“必须，应该”之意，语气比shuld，ught t强烈。其否定形式mustn’t表示“不准，不应该，禁止”等意
Yu must cme t schl n time.
Everybdy must bey the law.
Yu mustn’t drive s fast in the street.
We mustn’t waste any mre time.
在回答带有must的问句时，否定回答常用needn’t或dn’t have t，表示“不必”，而不用mustn’t
1．—Must I cme back befre ten?
—Yes，yu must.(N, yu needn’t)
表示有把握的推测，意为“一定、准是、相必”，只用于肯定句中
It must be my mther.
Yu must be hungry after a walk.
There must be a hle in the wall.
have t
have t
“必须，不得不”，意义与must相近。但must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have t则往往强调客观需要。
The film is nt interesting. I really must g nw.
I have t g nw, because my mther is in hspital.
must只有一种形式，即现在式与过去式都是一种形式，而have t则涉及各种人称、时态等方面的变化形式。
1．I had t wrk hard when I was yur age.
2．I will have t learn hw t use a cmputer.
3．In rder t take the exam, we’ll have t finish the whle bk by the end f this mnth .
两者的否定意义不同，mustn’t表示“禁止，不许”，dn’t have t表示不必。
Yu mustn’t g there.
Yu dn’t have t g there.
情态动词
用法
例句
shall
用于第一、二、三人称构成的疑问句，表示征求对方意见或请求指示
Shall I pen the windw?
Shall we say 6 ’clck, then?
What shall I get fr dinner?
用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
Dn’t wrry, yu shall get the answer this afternn.(允诺)
He shall be srry fr it ne day, I tell yu. （警告）
Yu shall d as I say. (命令)
If yu children dn’t d as I tell yu, yu shall nt g t the party. (威胁)
shuld
表示劝告或建议，意为“应该”
What shuld I d?
Shuld I trust him?
Yu shuld read his new bk.
表示推测，用在肯定句中，对现在的情况或可能发生的事的主观推测或期待。意为“想必，大概，或许”
It shuld be a nice day tmrrw.
Try phning Rbert, he shuld be hme nw.
He shuld be arund sixty years ld.
还可以用在if引导的条件句中，表示一件事听起来可能性很小，但也不是完全不可能，相当于“万一”的意思。从句谓语用shuld+动词原形构成，主句都一定用虚拟语气
Ask Tm t ring me up if yu shuld see him. (你万一见到汤姆，请让他给我打个电话)
Shuld I be free tmrrw, I’ll cme. (万一我明天有时间，我就过来)
If things shuld change suddenly, please let me knw. (万一情况突变，请通知我)
用于疑问句或感叹句中，表示意外、惊异的情绪，意为“竟会”，与why，what，hw，wh连用，如果是疑问句，则不需要回答。
Why shuld anyne want t marry Tny?
Dn’t ask me. Hw shuld I knw?
情态动词
用法
例句
will/wuld
用于表示意志或意愿。will指现在，wuld指过去。
He is the man wh will g his wn way. (他首歌自行其是的人。)
They said they wuld meet us at 10:30 at the statin.
表示请求、建议等，用wuld比用will委婉、客气。
Will yu please take a message fr him?
Wuld yu please tell me yur telephne number?
表示习惯或倾向，意为“总是，惯于”。will至现在，wuld指过去。
Fish will die withut water.
Peple will talk. (人们总会说闲话。)
When we wrked in the same ffice, we wuld ften have cffee tgether.
表示推测，意为“很可能，大概”。will表示推测比shuld把握大，比must把握小。
These things will happen.
That will be the messenger ringing.
It wuld be abut ten ’clck when he left hme.
表示功能，意为“能，行”。惯用形式：will d/wuld d表示“解决问题”、“就行”。
That will be all right.
Either pen will d.
It wuld nt d t wrk t late.（工作太晚不行。）
用于否定句中，意为“不肯”、“不乐意”
1．I wn’t listen t yur nnsense.
2．N matter what I said, he wuldn’t listen t me.
情态动词
用法
例句
need
用于表示“需要，必要”之意。做情态动词时，仅用于否定句和疑问句，只有现在时，过去式要用needn't have，疑问式用need+人称?,否定式用need nt(即needn't），
1．—Need we leave sn?
—Yes, yu must.(N, yu needn't)
2．Yu needn't have hurried.
(=It was nt necessary fr yu t hurry，but yu did).你当时不必这么匆忙。
做实义动词时，其变化与一般的实义动词相同，后接带t的不定式（need ding = need t be dne ）,过去式用needed、did yu need?和didn't need,肯定式用needs/needed/need,疑问式用d、des、did提问，否定式要在前面加dn't、desn't、didn't
1. A jb like nursing needs patience and understanding.(need+名词，need understanding=need t be understd,需要被理解)
2．He needs t see a dctr.(need t d)
3．D yu still need vlunteers t help clean up after the party?(need smebdy t d smething)
4．They didn't need t start s early.(d nt need t d)
dare
用于表示“敢于”之意。做情态动词，没有人称和数的变化，主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中
1．—Dare yu tell her the truth?
—Yes, I dare. /N, I daren’t.
Hw dare yu accuse me f lying!
He daren’t admit this.
用作实义动词时，其变化与一般的实义动词相同。在肯定句中，dare后接带t的不定式；否定句中，dare后既可接带t的不定式，也可接不带t的不定式。
Only a few jurnalists dared t cver the stry.
He desn’t dare (t) g there alne.
Dn’t yu dare (t) tuch it?
情态动词
用法
例句
ught t d
表示“应该”之意
Yu ught t take care f him.
—Ought I g nw?
—Yes, yu ught t. /N, yu ughtn’t t.
表示推测。注意与must表示推测是的区别
He must be hme by nw. (断定他已到家)
He ught t be hme by nw. (不十分肯定)
This is where the il must be. (比较直率)
This is where the il ught t be. (比较含蓄)
情态动词+have dne
用法
例句
must have dne
表示主观上对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意为“想必，准是，一定做了某事”
She must have gne thrugh a lt.
He must have visited the White Huse during his stay in the United States.
may/might have dne
表示对过去已发生行为的推测，意为“也许/或许已经（没有）……“。一般用于肯定句或否定句中，不用于疑问句。用might则表示语气更加不肯定。
Yu may have learnt the news.
He may nt have heard his name called.
Srry I’m late. I might have turned ff the alarm clck and gne back t sleep again.
can…have dne
cannt have dne
表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑问句中。（can换成culd时语气委婉）
Where can she have gne?
Culd he have dne such a flish thing?
The by can’t have finished reading the bk s sn because it is difficult even t an adult.
culd have dne
可用于肯定句中，表示“可能已经……”之意，此外，还可以表示过去能做而没做的事，有一种对过去为付诸实施的事情的惋惜。
He culd have killed himself driving at a dangerus speed.
Yu culd have been mre cnsiderate.
Yu culd have dne better, but yu were t careless.
might have dne
表示“本来可能……，但实际上没有发生的事情”。另外，还可以表示“本来应该或可以做某事”之意，含有轻微的责备语气。
Yu shuld nt swim in that sea. Yu might have been eaten by a shark.
He might have given him mre help, thught he was busy.
shuld/ught t have dne
用于肯定句时，表示本该做某事，而实际上未做；用于否定句时，则表示不该做的事反而做了。
He shuld have knwn that the plice wuld never allw this srt f thing.
Yu shuldn’t have dne it s carelessly.
Yu ught t have returned the bk earlier.
Yu ught nt t have refused his ffer.
needn’t have dne
表示做了本来不必去做的事。注意：didn’t need t d表示“没必要做而实际上也没有做某事”
Yu needn’t have watered the plants, fr it is ging t rain.
I didn’t need t buy the dictinary. I had a cpy at hme.
had better have dne
用于事后的建议，含轻微责备的口吻，意为“当时最好做了某事”，其否定式had better nt have dne表示相反的含义。
Yu had better have started earlier.
Yu had better nt have sclded her.
wuld rather have dne
表示“当时宁愿做了某事”，其否定式wuld rather nt have dne表示相反的含义，两者都表示“后悔”之意。
1．I wuld rather have taken his advice.
2．I wuld rather nt have tld him the truth.