新高考英语一轮复习讲练测第18讲 阅读理解主旨大意（练）（2份打包，原卷版+解析版）

这是一份新高考英语一轮复习讲练测第18讲 阅读理解主旨大意（练）（2份打包，原卷版+解析版），文件包含新高考英语一轮复习讲练测第18讲阅读理解主旨大意练原卷版doc、新高考英语一轮复习讲练测第18讲阅读理解主旨大意练解析版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共41页， 欢迎下载使用。


根据文章选择正确的选项
1.（2023年湖北华中师大附中模拟预测）
I truly believe we all have a very special purpse in life, regardless f wh we are r where we cme frm. After ten years f wrking fr a majr Wall Street bank, I wanted t d smething challenging. S when I read a Merrill Lynch advertisement lking t hire mre stckbrkers (股票经纪人), with great excitement, I made sme phne calls and arranged t meet with ne f its branch vice presidents. After this interview and interviews with twelve f his tp stckbrkers, I eventually landed the jb.
The first few mnths was a struggle. I lived n very little cmmissin (佣金). Night after night, I left the ffice weary and exhausted, ready t give up, yet smehw returning the next mrning t start anew day. Eventually, all the hard wrk paid ff. In less than fur years, I became ne f the tp sales peple at my branch and increased persnal sales by 1,700 percent. The success earned me a six-figure incme, prmtin and numerus sales awards.
Tward the end f my furth year at Merrill Lynch, it hit me that smething was missing. I thught lng and hard abut my gals. Then I was reminded f the time when I spke t hundreds f peple, while in cllege as a student leader, and years later, when I wn a “Humrus Speech” champinship. It dawned n me that every time I had a speaking engagement, I always came ut f the experience with a wnderful, energetic, peaceful and magical feeling that was unmatched by anything else I did. I knew the extrardinary public-speaking skills I was blessed with culd enable me t make a lasting difference and transfrm ther peple’s lives.
Then I tk anther daring risk, gave up everything and left the investment business fr a mre satisfying career as a mtivatinal speaker. The beginning f my speaking jurney was surprisingly similar t what I had first experienced at Merrill Lynch. Hwever, nthing in the wrld cmes clse t the satisfying feeling I get when thusands f peple tell me hw much I have made a difference in their lives by mtivating them t take risks and be the best they culd be.
Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A．Speaking Makes a Satisfying JbB．Challenge Yur Career Chice
C．Hard Wrk Pays OffD．Dare t Take Risks
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。阅读文章，尤其是第一段第二句“After ten years f wrking fr a majr Wall Street bank, I wanted t d smething challenging.(在华尔街一家大银行工作了十年之后，我想做一些具有挑战性的事情)”和最后一段第一句“Then I tk anther daring risk, gave up everything and left the investment business fr a mre satisfying career as a mtivatinal speaker.(然后，我又冒了一次大胆的风险，放弃了一切，离开了投资行业，去做一名更令人满意的励志演说家)”可知，作者用自身经历告诉我们要敢于挑战，敢于冒险。由此可知，D项“Dare t Take Risks(敢于冒险)”最能概括本文主旨。故选D项。
（2023年浙江宁波高三校联考）
I was a graduate student in Manhattan having breakfast n my rftp n Sept. 11, 2001, when I witnessed planes hit the Twin Twers. Fr mnths afterwards, I shk with anxiety every mrning. Unwilling t medicate, I tried everything else. Mindfulness meditatin (冥想) caused panic attacks. Ht yga built muscle but did nthing fr my anxiety. I went t talks by Buddhist mnks and meditatin teachers hping t attain inner peace, but in vain. Finally, I attended a SKY Breath Meditatin class, which invlves a 20-minute breathing regimen (养生之道) in different pstures and rhythms. Thugh I went in skeptical,I came ut calm. Tw decades later,I never missed a day f my breathing practice, nt even when I gave birth.
20．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．PTSD: mre awareness needed
B．SKY: better well-being attained
C．Meditatin: an effective treatment
D．Breath: detailed ways t cnduct
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Finally, I attended a SKY Breath Meditatin class, which invlves a 20-minute breathing regimen (养生之道) in different pstures and rhythms. Thugh I went in skeptical, I came ut calm. Tw decades later, I never missed a day f my breathing practice, nt even when I gave birth.(最后，我参加了一个SKY呼吸冥想课程，包括20分钟的不同姿势和节奏的呼吸养生之道。虽然我满怀怀疑地进去了，但出来时却很平静。二十年后，我从未错过一天的呼吸练习，甚至在我生孩子的时候。)”以及第二段“Traditinal treatments had failed many f them, s my clleagues and I ran a randmized cntrlled trial t test the effects f SKY breathing. Cmpared with the cntrl grup, veterans practicing SKY every day fr ne week saw their anxiety drp t levels typical f the general ppulatin.(传统的治疗方法失败了很多，所以我和我的同事进行了一个随机对照试验来测试SKY呼吸的效果。与对照组相比，在一周内每天练习SKY的退伍军人的焦虑水平下降到一般人群的典型水平)”可知，文章主要讲述了SKY疗法可以使人不那么焦虑，获得幸福。故选B。
（2023广东深圳外国语学校练习）
McDnald’s is prmising t ffer sustainable Happy Meal tys made with dramatically less plastic by the end f 2025. The fast-fd giant said that it has already decreased the use f virgin fssil fuel-based plastic in its tys by 30% wrldwide since 2018 after starting the prcess in markets like France, the United Kingdm and Ireland.
Mre than 100 cuntries wrldwide sell Happy Meals at McDnald’s lcatins. The burger chain began selling the meals in 1979. In 2018, after widespread cncern abut children’s meals at fast-fd restaurants, the cmpany revamped its ptins t selectins that were lwer in calries, sdium, saturated fat and sugar.
Murray said children and parents alike have been asking fr mre sustainable tys. In 2019, tw British schl children started a petitin (请愿书) that generated internatinal attentin asking McDnald’s and Burger King t cancel the plastic tys in their children’s meal deals.
Sme tys, like bard game pieces, will be made with plant-derived (植物提取的) r recycled material. Others will have mre significant changes t their appearance. Superheres and mvie characters will be 3-D cututs rather than plastic figurines. The cmpany is als lking int switching frm plastic wrapping t plant-based and certified fiber packaging.
“As yu can imagine, ur entire supply chain has t change with this,” Murray said. “It has been a massive undertaking, and we’re really just changing the way we d ur Happy Meals.”
McDnald’s chief sustainability fficer Jenny McCllch said the cmpany has already been learning frm feedback in France, the UK and Ireland, where the tys have already rlled ut. The gal is t make sure they are safe and sturdy enugh fr children.
Accrding t McCllch, the mre sustainable tys will begin rlling ut widely in the US by January. The fast-fd giant is als lking fr ways t recycle the ld plastic Happy Meal tys within its restaurants.
136．Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．The Less Use f Plastic Is Required
B．An Ec-friendly Burger Chain Called McDnald’s
C．The Way That McDnald’s Made Happy Meal Tys
D．McDnald’s Will Offer Greener Happy Meal Tys
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。第一段第一句提到“McDnald’s is prmising t ffer sustainable Happy Meal tys made with dramatically less plastic by the end f 2025. ”（麦当劳承诺，到2025年底，将提供可持续性的开心乐园餐玩具，所使用的塑料将大幅减少。），第二段提到了麦当劳在汉堡配方上所作出的改变，第三段提到了麦当劳改变玩具制作材料的缘由：两个小朋友希望减少套餐里的塑料玩具，第四、五、六段提到了麦当劳为减少塑料玩具制品所做的工作和努力。由此判断，麦当劳希望套餐里的玩具能够更加绿色环保。D项“麦当劳将会提供更加绿色的开心乐园餐玩具”该项符合文意。故选D。
4.（2023华南师大附中模拟预测）
Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. N news is gd news, and gd news is n news. Thse are the classic rules fr the evening bradcasts and the mrning papers. But nw that infrmatin is being spread and mnitred(监控) in different ways, researchers are discvering new rules. By tracking peple’s e-mails and nline psts, scientists have fund that gd news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sb stries.
“The ‘if it bleeds’ rule wrks fr mass media,” says Jnah Berger, a schlar at the University f Pennsylvania. “They want yur eyeballs and dn’t care hw yu’re feeling. But when yu share a stry with yur friends, yu care a lt mre hw they react. Yu dn’t want them t think f yu as a Debbie Dwner.”
Researchers analyzing wrd-f-muth cmmunicatin—e-mails, Web psts and reviews, face-t-face cnversatins—fund that it tended t be mre psitive than negative(消极的), but that didn’t necessarily mean peple preferred psitive news. Was psitive news shared mre ften simply because peple experienced mre gd things than bad things?
T test fr that pssibility, Dr. Berger lked at hw peple spread a particular set f news stries: thusands f articles n The New Yrk Times’ website. He and a Penn clleague analyzed the “mst e-mailed” list fr six mnths. One f his first findings was that articles in the science sectin were much mre likely t make the list than nn-science articles. He fund that science amazed Times’ readers and made them want t share this psitive feeling with thers.
Readers als tended t share articles that were exciting r funny, r that inspired negative feelings like anger r anxiety, but nt articles that left them merely sad. They needed t be arused(激发) ne way r the ther, and they preferred gd news t bad. The mre psitive an article, the mre likely it was t be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new bk, “Cntagius: Why Things Catch On.”
What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Sad Stries Travel Far and Wide
B．Online News Attracts Mre Peple
C．Reading Habits Change with the Times
D．Gd News Beats Bad n Scial Netwrks
【答案】D
【解析】旨大意题。根据第一段“By tracking peple’s e-mails and nline psts, scientists have fund that gd news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sb stries.”可知，好消息在网络上传播得更快，影响更深远；说明文章主要讲的是好消息通过网络的传播，故选D。
5.（2023华南师大附中模拟预测）Grwing up in the Philippines, cnstructin wrker Jhnny Manlugay cmbs the beaches each night fr the eggs f sea turtles. He knws exactly what t lk fr, as he was trained as a child by his grandfather n hw t lcate the animals and their eggs. Back then, his family traded r ate them. It wasn’t abut getting rich. It was just a part f life.
But Manlugay has since turned ver a new leaf. Nw, he uses his tracking skills t prtect the sea turtles that visit the beaches he lives by. “I’ve learned t lve this wrk,” Manlugay acknwledged in an interview. “We didn’t knw paching (偷猎) was illegal and that we shuld nt eat turtle eggs and meat.”
Manlugay carefully mved each egg int a bucket he brught with him, as well as sme sand frm the turtle nests, s as t hand them ver t Castal Underwater Resurce Management Actins(CURMA)— the grup leading the cnservatin prgram n the beaches.
The cnservatin effrt established in 2009 has transfrmed sea turtle pachers int helpers, ffering training t help save thusands f turtles and keep their eggs frm ending up in markets and n plates. “We talked t the pachers, and it turned ut paching was just anther means fr them t earn a living,” explained Carls Tamay, the directr f peratins. “They had n chices.”
Once cllected, the eggs are then reburied in prtected areas t ensure the hatch. Anther frmer pacher, Jessie Cabagbag, wh grew up eating turtle meat and eggs, takes care f ne f the prtected areas nw. “I stpped paching when we underwent training and were taught that what we have been ding was illegal and that these species f turtles are endangered,” he explained. Nw, he admits, “I am truly prud. I am happy that I can cntribute t the cnservatin f the turtles.”
What’s the best title fr this passage?
A．Lcal Philippins Search fr Sea Turtle Eggs.
B．Frmer Turtle Egg Pachers Turn int Prtectrs.
C．Sea Turtles are Well Prtected in the Philippines.
D．The Cnservatin Prgram Saves Endangered Turtles.
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。由本文第一段“Grwing up in the Philippines, cnstructin wrker Jhnny Manlugay cmbs the beaches each night fr the eggs f sea turtles. He knws exactly what t lk fr, as he was trained as a child by his grandfather n hw t lcate the animals and their eggs. Back then, his family traded r ate them. It wasn’t abut getting rich. It was just a part f life.”(菲律宾长大的建筑工人Jhnny Manlugay每天晚上都会在海滩上搜寻海龟的蛋。他很清楚该找什么，因为他小时候就被祖父训练如何定位动物和它们的蛋。当时，他的家人要么交易，要么吃掉它们。这与其说是致富，不如说是生活的一部分。)以及第二段中“But Manlugay has since turned ver a new leaf. Nw, he uses his tracking skills t prtect the sea turtles that visit the beaches he lives by. (现在，Manlugay开始了新的一页。现在，他利用自己的追踪技能来保护那些来到他所居住的海滩的海龟。)”可知短文主要报道了菲律宾前海龟蛋作猎者成为动物保护者的故事，故选B项。
6.（2023年湖南长沙一中三模）A happy beagle (小猎犬) called Bella lves Amazn bxes. It tears int them while ignring ther delivery bxes. Little Bit, a trtiseshell cat, is similarly cnsumed — but by scks. It raids (偷袭) the laundry basket in the middle f the night and als paws thrugh the pen suitcases f huse guests, wh almst always find themselves missing a sck in the mrning. Pets d sme pretty weird things. But these strange behavirs ften make perfect sense t the pets, said scientists wh study animal behavirs. “These behavirs are nt invented n the spt,” said Carl Siracusa, a prfessr at the University f Pennsylvania Schl f Veterinary Medicine. The pets are ding behavirs that their wild ancestrs did, but they’ve changed them a bit t fit their new lives as pets.
Dgs can be trained t rll ver and play dead. But their ancient instincts frm their wlf ancestrs are still there. Instincts, r instinctive behavirs, are behavirs that are dne withut thinking. They dn’t have t be learned. Fr example, sme dgs will scratch the grund after pping(排便). But they’re nt trying t bury their pp. They want ther animals t ntice it. “They are depsiting smell in thse areas,” Siracusa said. “It’s almst like drawing a picture with a big red marker arund it,” he added.
Cats, n the ther hand, almst always bury their waste. “They are cvering their tracks,” says Mnique Udell, an expert n human-animal interactins wh wrks at Oregn State University. Cats are predatrs, meaning they hunt ther animals fr fd. But ther animals hunt them, t. S they dn’t want t be seen-r smelled. Mikel Delgad, the funder f a Califrnia-based cat behavir cnsulting service, said that many ther cat behavirs, arise frm cats’ wild rigins.
While dgs share many behavirs inherited (继承) frm wlves, they’ve als develped a few f their wn. “Puppy dg eyes”, the inncent lk that many humans are helpless t resist, is ne. Over the time perid that they’ve lived with peple, dgs have develped certain muscles arund their eyes. This helps them make the adrable expressins that win ver humans. Like wlves, dgs als like t lick faces. Humans think their pets are kissing them, but they are nt. “It’s hw wlf puppies get fd frm their parents’ muths,” Siracusa said. “It als can be a sign f submissin. When a lwer-ranking individual appraches a higher-ranking ne, it gets dwn real lw and licks the dminant ne t say: ‘I’m nt a threat t yu.’”
Which statement summarizes the furth paragraph?
A．Pet cats bury their waste because their wild ancestrs did s.
B．Humans like the fact that their pet cats bury their waste.
C．Cats are uninterested in keeping a lw tne.
D．Cats have changed a lt after becming pets.
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第四段“While dgs share many behavirs inherited (继承) frm wlves, they’ve als develped a few f their wn. “Puppy dg eyes”, the inncent lk that many humans are helpless t resist, is ne. Over the time perid that they’ve lived with peple, dgs have develped certain muscles arund their eyes. This helps them make the adrable expressins that win ver humans. Like wlves, dgs als like t lick faces. Humans think their pets are kissing them, but they are nt. “It’s hw wlf puppies get fd frm their parents’ muths,” Siracusa said. “It als can be a sign f submissin. When a lwer-ranking individual appraches a higher-ranking ne, it gets dwn real lw and licks the dminant ne t say: ‘I’m nt a threat t yu.’”(虽然狗有很多从狼那里遗传来的行为，但它们也进化出了一些自己的行为。“小狗狗的眼睛”，是许多人无法抗拒的天真的眼神。在与人类生活的一段时间里，狗在眼睛周围发育出了某些肌肉。这有助于它们做出可爱的表情，赢得人类的青睐。和狼一样，狗也喜欢舔人的脸。人类认为他们的宠物在亲吻他们，但事实并非如此。锡拉库萨说:“这就是小狼崽从父母嘴里获取食物的方式。”“这也可能是屈服的标志。当一个地位较低的个体接近一个地位较高的个体时，它会降到很低的位置，舔舔占主导地位的个体，说:‘我对你没有威胁。’”)”可知，第四段阐述了既是捕猎者也是猎物的猫保留了其祖先的习性：掩埋其排泄物以避免被其他捕猎者发现。故选A。
7.（2023年湖南师大附中一模）
Frm rlling hills t muntain ranges, views make any rad trip memrable, but fr blind passenger this is part f the experience they miss. Mtr cmpany Frd tries t change that. It teamed up with GTB Rma and Ae d Prject—t develp a technlgy that will give thse unfrtunate passengers away t feel nature’s beauty thrugh their car windws.
The prttype (原型) f the smart car windw has a device with an utside-facing camera. With just a press f a buttn, the system takes a picture f the current view. The clrful picture is then turned int an image with different shades f grey thrugh LED lights, which vibrates (震动) differently. As the finger passes ver different regins f the image, its shaking mvements prvide feedback thrugh the sense f tuch t the persn using it. The smart windw als cmes with a vice assistant that uses AI t identify the scene and help the passengers get infrmatin n what they’re seeing.
“As the prttype started taking shape, we realized we were giving birth t a cmpletely new language that wuld give blind peple a new chance t visualize and experience traveling,” Federic Russ, ne directr f GTB Rma, said. “When the idea was at its first stage, we lked fr suppliers all arund the wrld t make it cme t life.” He believes the technlgy can be emplyed nt just in cars. “It culd be intrduced int schls and institutins fr blind peple as a tl that culd be used in multiple ways.”
The technlgy may shw up in a Frd autnmus vehicle. It’s knwn that the cmpany is testing their technlgy and future business mdel and struggling t figure ut hw an autnmus vehicle gives different passengers the details needed t get frm ne destinatin t anther. It’s unclear when this technlgy will be made available. Hwever, the idea f building smething fr the less advantaged is indeed a kind and influential actin.
Which can be the best title fr the text?
A．A I-based Windw Adds Fun t Rad Trips
B．Smart Windw Lets Blind Passengers Feel Views
C．Technlgy Makes the Blind’s Trip Enjyable
D．Frd Develps a System fr the Blind t Drive
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。阅读全文尤其是第一段内容“Frm rlling hills t muntain ranges, views make any rad trip memrable, but fr blind passenger this is part f the experience they miss. Mtr cmpany Frd tries t change that. It teamed up with GTB Rma and Ae d Prject—t develp a technlgy that will give thse unfrtunate passengers away t feel nature’s beauty thrugh their car windws.(从连绵起伏的丘陵到山脉，景色让任何公路旅行都令人难忘，但对于盲人乘客来说，这是他们错过的体验的一部分。汽车公司福特试图改变这一点。它与GTB Rma和Ae d prject合作开发了一种技术，可以让那些不幸的乘客透过车窗感受大自然的美丽。)”可知，本文主要介绍了福特公司联合GTB Rma和Ae d Prject研发了一款智能车窗，这种智能车窗使盲人有可能感受到旅途中的风景，故B项：Smart Windw Lets Blind Passengers Feel Views(智能窗户让盲人乘客感受美景)作标题最为恰当。故选B。
（2023年湖南长沙雅礼中学二模）
A study n “slash yuth” published in the China Yuth Research magazine analyzes the backgrund f this phenmenn: with part f mdern sciety’s structured rganizatin and stability nrms (规范) are brken, flexible labr markets and structural unemplyment has emerged, eliminating the sense f jb security f the yung peple in emplyment. Yung peple als face the dilemma f self-actualizatin (自我实现), including the sense f pwerlessness, lst sense f value and lack f self-identity in the prfessin, which frces them t re-find the meaning f wrk.
What is Paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．The imprtance f flexible labr markets.
B．Reasns fr the emergence f “slash yuth”.
C．Yung peple’s pursuits in their prfessin.
D．Causes f lsing self-identity amng the yuth.
【答案】B
【解析】段落大意题。根据本段内容，尤其是第一句“A study n “slash yuth” published in the China Yuth Research magazine analyzes the backgrund f this phenmenn（发表在《中国青年研究》杂志上的一篇关于“斜杠青年”的研究分析了这一现象的背景）”可知，本段主要分析了斜杆青年这种现象产生的背景，即这一现象背后的各种原因。故选B项。
（2023年湖南长沙雅礼中学二模）
Knwn n scial media as The Siux Chef, Sean Sherman grew up n the Pine Ridge Indian Reservatin. He is recnnecting the lcals f Nrth America with native flavrs and ingredients, and wrking t inspire a generatin f indigenus (本土的) chefs t reclaim their cking past.
Pine Ridge in Suth Dakta cntains sme f the prest cmmunities in the cuntry, and it’s ut f that envirnment that Sherman gt his first jb in the restaurant industry as a dishwasher at a lcal steakhuse. As he develped a lve f cking, which saw him mve t Minneaplis t study Japanese and French cuisines, Sherman realized he didn’t knw indigenus recipes.
“What were my Lakta ancestrs eating and string away? Hw were they getting ils, salts and fats and things like that?” Sherman remembered asking himself in an interview n PBS NewsHur. “S it tk me quite a few years f just researching, but it really became a passin. ”
These years f researching, talking t elders, and cnsulting written material helped him prduce The Siux Chefs Indigenus Kitchen, which in 2018 wn Sherman the James Beard Award fr Best American Ckbk.
After publishing the bk, Sherman pened his restaurant, Owamni, in Minneaplis and created the Nrth American Traditinal Indigenus Fd Systems(NATIFS). It is a prfessinal indigenus kitchen and training center that seeks t create an educatinal space fr native chefs t be trained and develp their skills, and recnnect with their cking heritage.
“Part f ur challenge t urselves was t cut ut ingredients that are nt native s we stpped using dairy, wheat flur and cane sugar, ” he said. He cks with lcal ingredients. His chices f meats are the same as thse hunted by his ancestrs — deer, fish, and birds.
“Fr indigenus peple wh went thrugh very strng assimilatin (同化现象), we lst a lt f ur fd culture,” Sherman said. “But we’re at a pint nw where we can reclaim it and develp it fr the next generatin. T be able t share culture thrugh fd will be really healing.”
Which is the best title fr the passage?
A．Lcal recipes: chefs trained
B．Lcal recipes: fame achieved
C．Lcal recipes: restaurants refreshed
D．Lcal recipes: fd culture preserved
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“He is recnnecting the lcals f Nrth America with native flavrs and ingredients, and wrking t inspire a generatin f indigenus (本土的) chefs t reclaim their cking past.(他正在将北美当地人与本土风味和食材重新联系起来，并致力于激励一代本土厨师重拾他们的烹饪传统)”以及接下来几段的介绍可知，全文是围绕Sean Sherman对保护本土餐饮文化所做的努力展开的。由此可知，“Lcal recipes: fd culture preserved(地方食谱：保护的饮食文化)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。
（2023年福建福州高中模拟预测）
When rbts appear t engage with peple and display human-like emtins, peple may think f them as capable f “thinking”, r acting n their wn beliefs and desires rather than their prgrams, accrding t the research published by the American Psychlgical Assciatin.
“The relatinship between human-like shape, human-like behavir and the tendency t attribute (把……归因于) independent thught and intentinal behavir t rbts is yet t be understd,” said study authr Agnieszka Wykwska, PhD, a principal investigatr at the Italian Institute f Technlgy. “As artificial intelligence increasingly becmes a part f ur lives, it is imprtant t understand hw interacting with a rbt that displays human-like behavirs might cause higher likelihd f attributin f intentinal agency t the rbt.”
Acrss three experiments invlving 119 participants, researchers examined hw individuals wuld see a human-like rbt, the iCub, after scializing with it and watching vides tgether. Befre and after interacting with the rbt, participants cmpleted a questinnaire that shwed them pictures f the rbt in different situatins and asked then t chse whether the rbt’s mtivatin in each situatin was mechanical r intentinal.
The researchers fund that participants wh watched vides with the human-like rbt were mre likely t rate the rbt’s actins as intentinal, rather than prgrammed, while thse wh nly interacted with the machine-like rbt were nt. This shws that mere expsure t a human-like rbt is nt enugh t make peple believe it is capable f thughts and emtins. It is human-like behavir that might be crucial fr being deemed as an intentinal agent.
Accrding t Wykwska, these findings shw that peple might be mre likely t believe artificial intelligence is capable f independent thught when it creates the impressin that it can behave just like humans. “This culd infrm the design f scial rbts f the future,” she said.
92．What wuld be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Human-like rbts can interact with humans
B．Human-like rbts can behave just like humans
C．Artificial intelligence has becme part f ur lives
D．Human-like rbts may be believed t have mental states
【答案】D
92．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“When rbts appear t engage with peple and display human-like emtins, peple may think f them as capable f “thinking”, r acting n their wn beliefs and desires rather than their prgrams(当机器人表现出与人类互动，并表现出类似人类的情感时，人们可能会认为它们能够“思考”，或者根据自己的信念和欲望而不是程序行事)”和最后一段中的“Accrding t Wykwska, these findings shw that peple might be mre likely t believe artificial intelligence is capable f independent thught when it creates the impressin that it can behave just like humans.(维科夫斯卡表示，这些发现表明，当人工智能给人留下它可以像人类一样行动的印象时，人们可能更容易相信它有独立思考的能力)”可知，本文主要讲述了有着类似人类行为的机器人可能具有独立思考的能力。由此可知，Human-like rbts may be believed t have mental states(类人机器人可能被认为具有精神状态)适合作本文标题。故选D。
11.（2023年福建厦门一中模拟测试）
Fr the first time, scientists have measured what actually happens with face-t-face interactins when emplyees start t wrk at an pen-plan ffice, and their results shw these mdern wrkspaces are nt as cperative as yu’d think.
Tw researchers frm Harvard Business Schl and Harvard University wanted t test whether remving walls at a real-wrld wrkplace really increases interactins between c-wrkers. “T ur knwledge, n prir study has directly measured the effect n actual interactin that results frm remving walls t create an pen ffice envirnment,” Ethan S. Bernstein and Stephen Turban write in the paper. T that end, they apprached tw multinatinal cmpanies that were re-rganizing their ffice spaces at the glbal headquarters, and enlisted small grups f emplyees fr tw studies.
Fr eight weeks befre the ffice redesign and eight weeks afterward, the researchers tracked emplyees’ scial interactins and lcatins. This data was analyzed tgether with email and instant messaging infrmatin frm the cmpany’s servers t measure differences in hw peple were cmmunicating with each ther.
What they fund was a pretty astnishing difference in face-t-face interactins — but nt in the directin yu might think. Acrss bth experiments, emplyees’ scial interactins in persn decreased by a crazy 70 percent, while emails saw an uptick by rughly 20 t 50 percent.
S, instead f spending mre time cperating with c-wrkers in the new space where everyne culd see them, peple gt their heads dwn and tried t preserve their privacy any way they culd. Accrding t these results, it appears that being frced int a mre pen-plan envirnment can make peple switch frm chatting t thers in persn t sending an email r using instant messaging instead.
As the team ntes, it’s nt autmatically a bad thing, but it can certainly change wrk dynamics in an unexpected way. “That can have imprtant cnsequences fr hw — and hw prductively — wrk gets dne,” the researchers cnclude.
What is the main idea f the text?
A．Real-wrld wrkplaces increase emplyees’ interactin.
B．Wrk dynamics dn’t have much effect n wrk efficiency.
C．Mdern wrkspaces change wrkers’ way f cmmunicatin.
D．Open-plan ffices can’t prmte cperatin between c-wrkers.
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。由第一段“Fr the first time, scientists have measured what actually happens with face-t-face interactins when emplyees start t wrk at an pen-plan ffice, and their results shw these mdern wrkspaces are nt as cperative as yu’d think. (科学家们首次测量了当员工开始在开放式办公室工作时，面对面的互动会发生什么，他们的研究结果表明，这些现代工作场所并不像你想象的那样合作)”，第四段中的“Acrss bth experiments, emplyees’ scial interactins in persn decreased by a crazy 70 percent, while emails saw an uptick by rughly 20 t 50 percent. (在这两项实验中，员工面对面的社交互动减少了70%，而电子邮件则增加了约20%至50%)”和全文可知，文章讲述了一项研究表明，在开放式办公室工作时，员工并不像你想象的那样合作，反而为了保护隐私，他们互动减少，更多使用电子邮件交流，D项“开放式办公室不能促进同事之间的合作”符合文意。故选D项。
12.（2023年江苏南通海安中学阶段练习）
Did yu watch the ppular TV series Meet Yurself during yur winter vacatin? In the TV series, the herine Xu Hngdu travels t a village in Yunnan prvince and vlunteers at a lcal cafe. She gets free meals in return. As the shw finds a grwing audience, vlunteer travel—an ld-yet-mdern frm f travel similar t Xu’s type f wrk — has attracted mre attentin.
Vlunteer travel refers t taking a trip where all r part f the purpse f the trip is t participate in an arranged service pprtunity t help thers. These vlunteer trips are usually arranged by church rganizatins, human interest grups r nnprfit rganizatins, and they take frm f equal exchanges. During the trip, vlunteer travelers ften prvide services like teaching, cking, animal caring, and cultural activities. In exchange fr their help, the vlunteers may get free r discunted accmmdatin, meals and laundry, activities, r classes.
Traditinally, the vlunteer activities take place in a freign cuntry. Hwever, just as what Meet Yurself describes, mre vlunteer trips have taken place within the same cuntries r regins the vlunteers riginate frm in recent years. Sanlian Lifeweek magazine cmmented that vlunteer prjects in rural areas are nw attracting mre urban visitrs as a break frm the fast and stressful pace f urban living. Yang Yan, a funder f a vlunteer platfrm, tld the magazine that it has indeed been a grwing trend fr urban residents t vlunteer in rural areas.
What des the third paragraph mainly talk abut?
A．A new trend f vlunteer trips.B．The future f vlunteer trips.
C．The significance f vlunteer trips.D．Different views n vlunteer trips.
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第三段的“Hwever, just as what Meet Yurself describes, mre vlunteer trips have taken place within the same cuntries r regins the vlunteers riginate frm in recent years. Sanlian Lifeweek magazine cmmented that vlunteer prjects in rural areas are nw attracting mre urban visitrs as a break frm the fast and stressful pace f urban living. Yang Yan, a funder f a vlunteer platfrm, tld the magazine that it has indeed been a grwing trend fr urban residents t vlunteer in rural areas.(然而，正如Meet Yurself所描述的那样，近年来，越来越多的志愿者旅行发生在他们的原籍国家或地区。《三联生活周刊》评论说，农村地区的志愿者项目现在吸引了更多的城市游客，让他们从快速而紧张的城市生活节奏中解脱出来。一家志愿者平台的创始人Yang Yan在接受该杂志采访时表示，城市居民去农村做志愿者确实已经成为一种日益增长的趋势。)”可知，第三段主要讲的是志愿者旅行的新趋势。故选A。
（2023年湖北黄冈中学模拟测试）
AI is cnsidered t be transfrmative fr a wide range f industries, but there’s perhaps n ther field where it prvides mre value than healthcare. Machine-learning prgrams are nw being used in many hspitals t spt cancer and ther diseases and discver new drugs, but there’s still this general impressin that this is all dne in a small way and the impacts are still minimal. AI is already here t stay and it has already saved thusands f lives.
Researchers at Jhns Hpkins University published tw studies in July 2022 describing a machine-learning-based early detectin tl fr sepsis (败血症) that was used at five hspitals ver a tw-year perid. During this perid, the AI was able t identify nearly 10,000 sepsis cases frm patient recrds and helped dctrs ffer critical care abut tw hurs, n average, earlier than when they didn’t have access t the AI’s warning. Thanks t this system, the patients were 20% less likely t die f sepsis, ptentially saving thusands f lives acrss the U.S. if it is implemented (实施) natinwide.
Once sepsis sets in, the patient usually suffers fever, a rapid heart rate, and difficult breathing. When treating sepsis, time is f critical imprtance. Hwever, sepsis is nt always apparent, s there are naturally sme delayed diagnses. But if the cnditin is nt diagnsed in time, it can prgress int septic shck, causing a significant drp in bld pressure, rgan failure, and ther serius cnsequences. Even with treatment, in sme cases, there is nthing dctrs can d t save the patient’s life, which is why preventin is the name f the game with sepsis.
This is why the AI develped at Jhns Hpkins, knwn as the Targeted Real-time Early Warning System, is s imprtant. In the tw years the system had been nline since 2018, during which it mnitred 590,000 patients via their electrnic health recrds, the AI was able t flag nearly 10,000 cases f sepsis. Its accuracy fllwing diagnsis prved t be 38%, which might nt sund like a lt, but earlier systems culdn’t achieve mre than 12%.
What des paragraph 3 mainly fcus n?
A．The imprtance f sepsis preventin.
B．The difficulty f diagnsing sepsis.
C．The identificatin f septic shck.
D．The treatments fr septic shck.
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第三段的“Once sepsis sets in, the patient usually suffers fever, a rapid heart rate, and difficult breathing. When treating sepsis, time is f critical imprtance. Hwever, sepsis is nt always apparent, s there are naturally sme delayed diagnses. But if the cnditin is nt diagnsed in time, it can prgress int septic shck, causing a significant drp in bld pressure, rgan failure, and ther serius cnsequences. Even with treatment, in sme cases, there is nthing dctrs can d t save the patient’s life, which is why preventin is the name f the game with sepsis.(一旦败血症发作，病人通常会发烧，心跳加快，呼吸困难。在治疗败血症时，时间是至关重要的。然而，败血症并不总是很明显，所以自然会有一些延迟诊断。但如果没有及时诊断，可能会发展为感染性休克，导致血压显著下降、器官衰竭和其他严重后果。即使进行了治疗，在某些情况下，医生也无法挽救病人的生命，这就是为什么预防是败血症的关键。)”可知，第三段主要讲的是预防败血症的重要性。故选A。
14.（2023年湖北武汉校考练习）
In habitats acrss the planet, animals peridically drp everything t walk, fly r swim t a new place. Wildlife such as whales and geese learn migratin paths by fllwing their parents. Others, including small sngbirds, gain the distance and directin f their migratin within their genetic cde. And sme animals use a cmbinatin f genetics and culture t guide their migratin.
What is the first paragraph mainly abut? .
A．It describes animals’ habitats.B．It talks abut migratin mdels.
C．It cmpares different species.D．It intrduces a tracking technlgy.
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Wildlife such as whales and geese learn migratin paths by fllwing their parents. Others, including small sngbirds, gain the distance and directin f their migratin within their genetic cde. And sme animals use a cmbinatin f genetics and culture t guide their migratin.(像鲸鱼和大雁这样的野生动物通过跟随父母学习迁徙路线。其他鸟类，包括小型鸣禽，在它们的遗传密码中获得了迁徙的距离和方向。一些动物利用遗传和文化的结合来指导它们的迁移)”可知，本段主要讲述动物迁徙的模式。故选B项。
15.（2023年浙江高三联考测试）
On a daily basis, peple in New Yrk City are ften in a hurry t get arund. Hwever, the Tweenbts, thrugh their inability t lk after themselves, tk peple ut f their nrmal rutines. The peple wh nticed the helpless little rbts were actually interested in helping the Tweenbts find their way hme. Tweenbts mve at a cnstant speed and can nly g in a straight line. If ne was t get stuck, r was ging in the wrng directin, it wuld be up t strangers t free it r turn it in the right directin. Surprisingly, n Tweenbt was lst r damaged, and each ne arrived at its target in gd cnditin. In fact, mst peple treated the rbt in a gentle manner, and sme even treated it as thugh it were a small living being.
What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut?
A．Tweenbts’ ppularity.B．Tweenbts’ inability.
C．The result f the experiment.D．New Yrkers’ nrmal rutines.
【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“On a daily basis, peple in New Yrk City are ften in a hurry t get arund. Hwever, the Tweenbts, thrugh their inability t lk after themselves, tk peple ut f their nrmal rutines. The peple wh nticed the helpless little rbts were actually interested in helping the Tweenbts find their way hme. Tweenbts mve at a cnstant speed and can nly g in a straight line. If ne was t get stuck, r was ging in the wrng directin, it wuld be up t strangers t free it r turn it in the right directin. Surprisingly, n Tweenbt was lst r damaged, and each ne arrived at its target in gd cnditin. In fact, mst peple treated the rbt in a gentle manner, and sme even treated it as thugh it were a small living being.(在日常生活中，纽约市的人们经常匆匆忙忙地四处走动。然而，由于这些机器人无法照顾自己，它们让人们脱离了正常的生活规律。那些注意到这些无助的小机器人的人实际上很有兴趣帮助这些小机器人找到回家的路。Tweenbt以恒定的速度移动，只能走直线。如果一个机器人被困住了，或者走错了方向，就得靠陌生人来解救它，或者把它转向正确的方向。令人惊讶的是，Tweenbt没有丢失或损坏，每个机器人都完好无损地到达了目标。事实上，大多数人对待机器人的态度都很温和，有些人甚至把它当作一个小生命来对待)”可知，最后一段主要讲了实验结果。故选C。
用适当的单词填空
（2023年全国乙卷D篇）
If yu want t tell the histry f the whle wrld, a histry that des nt privilege ne part f humanity, yu cannt d it thrugh texts alne, because nly sme f the wrld has ever had texts, while mst f the wrld, fr mst f the time, has nt. Writing is ne f humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) scieties recrded their cncerns nt nly in writing but in things.
Ideally a histry wuld bring tgether texts and bjects, and sme chapters f this bk are able t d just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example f this between literate and nn-literate histry is perhaps the first cnflict, at Btany Bay, between Captain Ck’s vyage and the Australian Abriginals. Frm the English side, we have scientific reprts and the captain’s recrd f that terrible day. Frm the Australian side, we have nly a wden shield (盾) drpped by a man in flight after his first experience f gunsht. If we want t recnstruct what was actually ging n that day, the shield must be questined and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reprts.
In additin t the prblem f miscmprehensin frm bth sides, there are victries accidentally r deliberately twisted, especially when nly the victrs knw hw t write. Thse wh are n the lsing side ften have nly their things t tell their stries. The Caribbean Tain, the Australian Abriginals, the African peple f Benin and the Incas, all f whm appear in this bk, can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst pwerfully thrugh the bjects they made: a histry tld thrugh things gives them back a vice. When we cnsider cntact (联系) between literate and nn-literate scieties such as these, all ur first-hand accunts are necessarily twisted, nly ne half f a dialgue. If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts, but the bjects.
12. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. Hw past events shuld be presented.B. What humanity is cncerned abut.
C. Whether facts speak luder than wrds.D. Why written language is reliable.
13. What des the authr indicate by mentining Captain Ck in paragraph 2?
A. His reprt was scientific.B. He represented the lcal peple.
C. He ruled ver Btany Bay.D. His recrd was ne-sided.
14. What des the underlined wrd “cnversatin” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Prblem.B. Histry.C. Vice.D. Sciety.
15. Which f the fllwing bks is the text mst likely selected frm?
A. Hw Maps Tell Stries f the WrldB. A Shrt Histry f Australia
C. A Histry f the Wrld in 100 ObjectsD. Hw Art Wrks Tell Stries
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段(如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人曾经有过文本，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。写作是人类较晚的成就之一，直到最近，甚至许多有文字的社会也不仅用文字，而且用物件来记录他们所关心的事情。)”可推知，第一段主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现给我们。故选A。
（2022年新课标II卷C篇）
Over the last seven years, mst states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range f methds t persuade peple t put dwn their phnes when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the prblem, by just abut any measure, appears t be getting wrse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using scial netwrks and taking phts. Rad accidents, which had fallen fr years, are nw rising sharply.
That is partly because peple are driving mre, but Mark Rsekind, the chief f the Natinal Highway Traffic Safety Administratin, said distracted（分心）driving was "nly increasing, unfrtunately."
"Big change requires big ideas." he said in a speech last mnth, referring bradly t the need t imprve rad safety. S t try t change a distinctly mdern behavir, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back t an ld apprach: They want t treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea frm lawmakers in New Yrk is t give plice fficers a new device called the Textalyzer. It wuld wrk like this: An fficer arriving at the scene f a crash culd ask fr the phnes f the drivers and use the Textalyzer t check in the perating system fr recent activity. The technlgy culd determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed r dne anything else that is nt allwed under New Yrk's hands-free driving laws.
"We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir,” said Félix W. Ortiz, wh pushed fr the state's 2001 ban n hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne."
31．What is a suitable title fr the text?
A．T Drive r Nt t Drive? Think Befre Yu Start
B．Texting and Driving? Watch Out fr the Textalyzer
C．New Yrk Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers.
D．The Next Generatin Cell Phne: The Textalyzer-
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。纵观全文，第一段和第二段阐述的是“虽然大多数州已经尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。可是问题却越来越严重”。第三段中“That is partly because peple are driving mre.”（部分原因是开车的人越来越多）可知，解释了该行为产生的部分原因。第四段至第五段讲述的是为了解决该问题是纽约立法者提出了一个新的想法即利用Textalyzer技术，来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。最后一段讲述的是：相关人士呼吁该项技术能够成为真正的法案由此才能真正地改变人们的行为。故B选项Texting and Driving? Watch Out fr the Textalyzer（发短信还是在开车？防范短信监控器。）适合文章的标题。故选B。
（2022年全国乙卷C篇）
Can a small grup f drnes (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability f railways and, at the same time, help railway peratrs save billins f eurs each year? That is the very likely future f applying tday’s “eyes in the sky” technlgy t make sure that the millins f kilmetres f rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) wrldwide are safe fr trains n a 24/7 basis.
Drnes are already being used t examine high-tensin electrical lines. They culd d precisely the same thing t inspect railway lines and ther vital aspects f rail infrastructure such as the crrect psitin f railway tracks and switching pints. The mre regularly they can be inspected, the mre railway safety, reliability and n-time perfrmance will be imprved. Csts wuld be cut and peratins wuld be mre efficient (高效) acrss the bard.
That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety. It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerus wrk that culd be avided with drnes assisting the crews’ effrts.
By using the latest technlgies, drnes culd als start prviding higher-value services fr railways, detecting faults in the rail r switches, befre they can cause any safety prblems. T perfrm these tasks, drnes fr rail dn’t need t be flying verhead. Engineers are nw wrking n a new cncept: the rail drnes f the future. They will be mving n the track ahead f the train, and prgrammed t run autnmusly. Very small drnes with advanced sensrs and AI and travelling ahead f the train culd guide it like a c-pilt. With their ability t see ahead, they culd signal any prblem, s that fast-mving trains wuld be able t react in time.
31．Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A．What Faults Can Be Detected with Drnes
B．Hw Prductin f Drnes Can Be Expanded
C．What Difficulty Drne Develpment Will Face
D．Hw Drnes Will Change the Future f Railways
【答案】D
【导语】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Can a small grup f drnes(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability f railways and, at the same time, help railway peratrs save billins f eurs each year? That is the very likely future f applying tday’s “eyes in the sky” technlgy t make sure that the millins f kilmeters f rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)wrldwide are safe fr trains n a24/7 basis.(一小群无人机能否在保证铁路安全可靠的同时，帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元？这很可能是应用今天的“空中之眼”技术的未来，以确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施全天候安全运行。)”以及后文第二段讲到了使用无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能;第三段讲到了使用无人机大幅节省维护成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全；第四段讲到了通过使用最新的技术，无人机还可以开始为铁路提供更高的价值，可知文章主要讲述了无人机将如何改变铁路的未来，所以D项“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。”符合文章中心思想，适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。
4.（2022年全国甲卷B篇）
Gffin’s cckats, a kind f small parrt native t Australasia, have been shwn t have similar shape-recgnitin abilities t a human tw-year-ld. Thugh nt knwn t use tls in the wild, the birds have prved skilful at tl use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cckats were presented with a bx with a nut inside it. The clear frnt f the bx had a “keyhle” in a gemetric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” t chse frm. Inserting the crrect “key” wuld let ut the nut.
In humans, babies can put a rund shape in a rund hle frm arund ne year f age, but it will be anther year befre they are able t d the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability t recgnize that a shape will need t be turned in a specific directin befre it will fit is called an “allcentric frame f reference”. In the experiment, Gffin’s cckats were able t select the right tl fr the jb, in mst cases, by visual recgnitin alne. Where trial-and-errr was used, the cckats did better than mnkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Gffin’s cckats d indeed pssess an allcentric frame f reference when mving bjects in space, similar t tw-year-ld babies.
The next step, accrding t the researchers, is t try and wrk ut whether the cckats rely entirely n visual clues (线索), r als use a sense f tuch in making their shape selectins.
27．Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Cckats: Quick Errr CheckersB．Cckats: Independent Learners
C．Cckats: Clever Signal-ReadersD．Cckats: Skillful Shape-Srters
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Cffin’s cckats, a kind f small parrt native t Australasia, have been shwn t have similar shape-recgnitin abilities t a human tw-year-ld. ”(戈芬的凤头鹦鹉是一种原产于大洋洲的小鹦鹉，它的形状识别能力与两岁的人类相似)可知，文章主要介绍了一种会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。故选D。
5.（2022年北京卷D篇）
Quantum ( 量子 ) cmputers have been n my mind a lt lately. A friend has been sending me articles n hw quantum cmputers might help slve sme f the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve als had exchanges with tw quantum-cmputing experts. One is cmputer scientist Chris Jhnsn wh I see as smene wh helps keep the field hnest. The ther is physicist Philip Taylr.
Fr decades, quantum cmputing has been little mre than a labratry curisity. Nw, big tech cmpanies have invested in quantum cmputing, as have many smaller nes. Accrding t Business Weekly, quantum machines culd help us “cure cancer, and even take steps t turn climate change in the ppsite directin.” This is the srt f hype ( 炒作 ) that annys Jhnsn. He wrries that researchers are making prmises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Jhnsn wrte, “is that millins f dllars are nw ptentially available t quantum cmputing researchers.”
As quantum cmputing attracts mre attentin and funding, researchers may mislead investrs, jurnalists, the public and, wrst f all, themselves abut their wrk’s ptential. If researchers can’t keep their prmises, excitement might give way t dubt, disappintment and anger, Jhnsn warns. Lts f ther technlgies have gne thrugh stages f excitement. But smething abut quantum cmputing makes it especially prne t hype, Jhnsn suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands fr smething cl yu shuldn’t be able t understand.” And that brings me back t Taylr, wh suggested that I read his bk Q fr Quantum.
After I read the bk, Taylr patiently answered my questins abut it. He als answered my questins abut PyQuantum, the firm he c-funded in 2016. Taylr shares Jhnsn’s cncerns abut hype, but he says thse cncerns d nt apply t PyQuantum.
The cmpany, he says, is clser than any ther firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” t building a “useful” quantum cmputer, ne that “slves an impactful prblem that we wuld nt have been able t slve therwise.” He adds, “Peple will naturally discunt my pinins, but I have spent a lt f time quantitatively cmparing what we are ding with thers.”
Culd PyQuantum really be leading all the cmpetitin “by a wide margin”, as Taylr claims? I dn’t knw. I’m certainly nt ging t advise my friend r anyne else t invest in quantum cmputers. But I trust Taylr, just as I trust Jhnsn.
14．Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Is Jhnsn Mre Cmpetent Than Taylr?
B．Is Quantum Cmputing Redefining Technlgy?
C．Will Quantum Cmputers Ever Cme int Being?
D．Will Quantum Cmputing Ever Live Up t Its Hype?
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二自然段“Nw, big tech cmpanies have invested in quantum cmputing, as have many smaller nes. Accrding t Business Weekly, quantum machines culd help us “cure cancer, and even take steps t turn climate change in the ppsite directin. This is the srt f hype ( 炒作 ) that annys Jhnsn.”（ 现在，大型科技公司和许多小型公司都在量子计算领域进行了投资。据《商业周刊》报道，量子机器可以帮助我们“治愈癌症，甚至采取措施将气候变化转向相反的方向。这种炒作让约翰逊感到恼火。”）”以及最后一段“Culd PyQuantum really be leading all the cmpetitin “by a wide margin”, as Taylr claims? I dn’t knw. I’m certainly nt ging t advise my friend r anyne else t invest in quantum cmputers.（PyQuantum真的能像泰勒所说的那样“以巨大的优势”领先所有竞争对手吗？我不知道。我当然不会建议我的朋友或其他人投资量子计算机。但我信任泰勒，就像我信任约翰逊一样。）”可知，本文主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。所以短文的最佳标题为“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”。故选D。
（2022年浙江卷1月D篇）
The benefits f regular exercise are well dcumented but there’s a new bnus t add t the ever-grwing list. New researchers fund that middle-aged wmen wh were physically fit culd be nearly 90 percent less likely t develp dementia in later life, and as they did, it came n a decade later than less sprty wmen.
Lead researcher Dr. Helena Hrder, f the University f Gthenburg in Sweden, said : "These findings are exciting because it’s pssible that imprving peple's cardivascular （心血管的）fitness in middle age culd delay r even prevent them frm develping dementia. "
Fr the study, 191 wmen with an average age f 50 tk a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted t measure their peak （最大值的） cardivascular capacity. The average peak wrklad was measured at 103 watts.
A ttal f 40 wmen met the criteria fr a high fitness level, r 120 watts r higher. A ttal f 92 wmen were in the medium fitness categry; and 59 wmen were in the lw fitness categry, defined as a peak wrklad f 80 watts r less, r having their exercise tests stpped because f high bld pressure, chest pain r ther cardivascular prblems.
These wmen were then tested fr dementia six times ver the fllwing fur decades. During that time, 44 f the wmen develped dementia. Five percent f the highly fit wmen develped dementia, cmpared t 25 percent f the wmen with medium fitness and 32 percent f the wmen with lw fitness.
"Hwever, this study des nt shw cause and effect between cardivascular fitness and dementia, it nly shws an assciatin. Mre research is needed t see if imprved fitness culd have a psitive effect n the risk f dementia and als t lk at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is mst imprtant. " She als admitted that a relatively small number f wmen were studied, all f whm were frm Sweden, s the results might nt be applicable t ther grups.
30．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Mre Wmen Are Exercising t Prevent Dementia
B．Middle-Aged Wmen Need t D Mre Exercise
C．Fit Wmen Are Less Likely t Develp Dementia
D．Biking Imprves Wmen's Cardivascular Fitness
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“New researchers fund that middle-aged wmen wh were physically fit culd be nearly 90 percent less likely t develp dementia （失智症） in later life, and as they did, it came n a decade later than less sprty wmen.”（新的研究人员发现，身体健康的中年女性在晚年患痴呆症的可能性要低近90%，而且确实如此，与不太喜欢运动的女性相比，她们患痴呆症的时间要晚十年。）以及文章后面几段通过列举实验目的、过程、方式、结果等，说明了身体健康的中年女性在老年时患失智症的几率会大大降低。故选C项。
（2021年全国甲卷D篇）
Wh is a genius? This questin has greatly interested humankind fr centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almst the internatinal symbl fr genius. But we want t g beynd ne man and explre the nature f genius itself. Why is it that sme peple are s much mre intelligent r creative than the rest f us? And wh are they?
In the sciences and arts, thse praised as geniuses were mst ften white men, f Eurpean rigin. Perhaps this is nt a surprise. It's said that histry is written by the victrs, and thse victrs set the standards fr admissin t the genius club. When cntributins were made by geniuses utside the club—wmen, r peple f a different clr r belief—they were unacknwledged and rejected by thers.
A study recently published by Science fund that as yung as age six, girls are less likely than bys t say that members f their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief: Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are “really, really smart.” Can ur planet affrd t have any great thinkers becme discuraged and give up? It desn't take a genius t knw the answer: abslutely nt.
Here's the gd news. In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we're all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear. And the mre we lk, the mre we will see that scial factrs(因素)like gender, race, and class d nt determine the appearance f genius. As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple gd frtune, wh are able t change the wrld.”
35. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Geniuses Think AlikeB. Genius Takes Many Frms
C. Genius and IntelligenceD. Genius and Luck
【答案】 B
【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，结合文章第一段提出问题“Wh is a genius?（谁是天才）”和最后一段的“As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance, and simple geniuses, wh are able t change the wrld.”(正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有“智慧、创造力、毅力和那些能够改变世界的简单天才。”)”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大贡献的人，他们也可以是某一方面比较突出的普通人。由此可知B项“天才有多种形式”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。
（2021年新高考I卷C篇）
When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage f the Migratry Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly cncerned natin tk firm actin t stp the destructin f migratry ( 迁徙的) waterfwl and the wetlands s vital t their survival. Under this Act, all waterfwl hunters 16 years f age and ver must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a plitical cartnist frm Des Mines, lwa, wh at that time was appinted by President Franklin Rsevelt as Directr f the Bureau f Bilgical Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price t ensure the survival f ur natural resurces.
Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be prtected and available fr all generatins t cme. Since 1934, better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat. Little wnder the Federal Duck Stamp Prgram has been called ne f the mst successful cnservatin prgrams ever initiated.
31. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A The Federal Duck Stamp StryB. The Natinal Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits f Saving WaterfwlD. The Histry f Migratry Bird Hunting
【答案】 A
【解析】主旨大意题。根据全文可知，由于之前不恰当的发展导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽，故可知，本文讲述美国鸭票的故事，故选A。
（2021年新高考II卷C篇）
A British wman wh wn a S1 millin prize after she was named the Wrld's Best Teacher will use the cash t bring inspiratinal figures int UK schls.
Andria Zafiraku,a nrth Lndn secndary schl teacher, said she wanted t bring abut a classrm revlutin (变革). “We are ging t make a change, ”she said.“I’ve started a prject t prmte the teaching f the arts in ur schls.”
The prject results frm the difficulties many schls have in getting artists f any srt - whether an up-and-cming lcal musician r a majr mvie star - int schls t wrk with and inspire children.
Zafiraku began the prject at Alpertn Cmmunity Schl her place f wrk fr the past twelve years. “I've seen thse magic mments when children are talking t smene they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists . mre than ever in ur schls."
Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria's brilliant prject t bring artists frm all fields int direct cntact with children is particularly welcme at a time when the arts are being dwngraded in schls." It was a mistake t see the arts as unnecessary, he added.
Histrian Sir Simn Schama is als a supprter f the prject. He said that arts educatin in schls was nt just an add-n. “It is abslutely necessary. The future depends n creativity and creativity depends n the yung. What will remain f us when artificial intelligence takes ver will be ur creativity, and it is ur creative spirit, ur visinary sense f freshness,that has been ur strength fr centuries."
31. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A. Bring Artists t SchlsB. When Histrians Meet Artists
C. Arts Educatin in BritainD. The Wrld's Best Arts Teacher
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Andria Zafiraku, a nrth Lndn secndary schl teacher, said she wanted t bring abut a classrm revlutin. “We are ging t make a change,”she said.“I’ve started a prject t prmte the teaching f the arts in ur schls.”（伦敦北部中学教师安德里亚·扎菲拉库(Andria Zafiraku)表示，她想掀起一场课堂革命。“我们将做出改变，”她说。“我已经启动了一个项目，以促进我们学校的艺术教学。”）”可知，文章讲述了Andria Zafiraku用自己的奖金启动了一个项目，将艺术家带进学校，促进艺术教学。故选A。
（2021年浙江卷6月B篇）
We live in a twn with three beaches. There are tw parts less than 10 minutes’ walk frm hme where neighbrhd children gather t play. Hwever, what my children want t d after schl is pick up a screen — any screen — and stare at it fr hurs. They are nt alne. Tday's children spend an average f fur and a half hurs a day lking at screens, split between watching televisin and using the Internet.
In the past few years, an increasing number f peple and rganisatins have begun cming up with plans t cunter this trend. A cuple f years ag film-maker David Bnd realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached t screens t the pint where he was able t say “chclate” int his three-year-ld sn’s ear withut getting a respnse. He realised that smething needed t change, and, being a Lndn media type, appinted himself “marketing directr frm Nature”. He dcumented his jurney as he set abut treating nature as a brand t be marketed t yung peple. The result was Prject Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth f the Wrld Netwrk, a grup f rganisatins with the cmmn gal f getting children ut int nature.
“Just five mre minutes utdrs can make a difference,” David Bnd says. “There is a lt f really interesting evidence which seems t be suggesting that if children are inspired up t the age f seven, then being utdrs will be n habit fr life.” His wn children have gt int the habit f playing utside nw: “We just send them ut int the garden and tell them nt t cme back in fr a while.”
Summer is upn us. There is an amazing wrld ut there, and it needs ur children as much as they need it. Let us get them ut and let them play.
27. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Let Children Have FunB. Yung Children Need Mre Free Time
C. Market Nature t ChildrenD. David Bnd: A Rle Mdel fr Children
【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“He dcumented his jurney as he set abut treating nature as a brand t be marketed t yung peple. The result was Prject Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth f the Wrld Netwrk, a grup f rganisatins with the cmmn gal f getting children ut int nature. (他把自己的旅行记录下来，开始把自然当作一个品牌，推销给年轻人。其结果是Prject Wild Thing，一部记录了Wrld Netwrk (世界网络)诞生的电影，Wrld Netwrk (世界网络)是以让孩子们接触大自然为共同目标的团体)”可推知，本文主要讲述了电影制作人David Bnd为了让孩子们远离屏幕，拍摄自己的旅行，并将自然当作一个品牌，推销给年轻人。由此可知，C项Market Nature t Children(把自然推销给年轻人)适合作本文标题。故选C项。