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阅读理解 解密01 主旨要义（讲义）-【高频考点解密】2025年高考英语二轮复习讲义课件PPT
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这是一份阅读理解 解密01 主旨要义（讲义）-【高频考点解密】2025年高考英语二轮复习讲义课件PPT，共34页。PPT课件主要包含了构建知识体系，英语学科素养解读等内容，欢迎下载使用。
【高频考点解密】2023年高考英语二轮复习讲义阅读理解解密01 主旨要义的复习要点
1.【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】C Over the last seven years, mst states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range f methds t persuade peple t put dwn their phnes when they are behind the wheel. Yet the prblem, by just abut any measure, appears t be getting wrse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using scial netwrks and taking phts. Rad accidents, which had fallen fr years, are nw rising sharply. That is partly because peple are driving mre, but Mark Rsekind, the chief f the Natinal Highway Traffic Safety Administratin, said distracted（分心）driving was "nly increasing, unfrtunately." "Big change requires big ideas." he said in a speech last mnth, referring bradly t the need t imprve rad safety. S t try t change a distinctly mdern behavir, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back t an ld apprach: They want t treat distracted driving like drunk driving. An idea frm lawmakers in New Yrk is t give plice fficers a new device called the Textalyzer. It wuld wrk like this: An fficer arriving at the scene f a crash culd ask fr the phnes f the drivers and use the Textalyzer t check in the perating system fr recent activity. The technlgy culd determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed r dne anything else that is nt allwed under New Yrk's hands-free driving laws. "We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir,” said Félix W. Ortiz, wh pushed fr the state's 2001 ban n hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne."
【解密新高考真题】——预测高考命题方向阅读理解之主旨要义高考解密2023年命题解读和近年考点再现考点1精确归纳标题
11．What is a suitable title fr the text?A．T Drive r Nt t Drive? Think Befre Yu StartB．Texting and Driving? Watch Out fr the TextalyzerC．New Yrk Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers.D．The Next Generatin Cell Phne: The Textalyzer-【答案】11．B【解析】本文一篇说明文。为解决司机在开车时使用手机造成“分神”，引发交通事故的问题，纽约的一名立法者提出使用Textalyzer（短信监控器）的技术来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。11．主旨大意题。纵观全文，第一段和第二段阐述的是“虽然大多数州已经尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。可是问题却越来越严重”。第三段中“That is partly because peple are driving mre.”（部分原因是开车的人越来越多）可知，解释了该行为产生的部分原因。第四段至第五段讲述的是为了解决该问题是纽约立法者提出了一个新的想法即利用Textalyzer技术，来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。最后一段讲述的是：相关人士呼吁该项技术能够成为真正的法案由此才能真正的改变人们的行为。故B选项Texting and Driving? Watch Out fr the Textalyzer（发短信还是在开车？防范短信监控器。）适合文章的标题。故选B。
2.B【2022·全国甲卷】Gffin’s cckats, a kind f small parrt native t Australasia, have been shwn t have similar shape-recgnitin abilities t a human tw-year-ld. Thugh nt knwn t use tls in the wild, the birds have prved skilful at tl use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cckats were presented with a bx with a nut inside it. The clear frnt f the bx had a “keyhle” in a gemetric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” t chse frm. Inserting the crrect “key” wuld let ut the nut.In humans, babies can put a rund shape in a rund hle frm arund ne year f age, but it will be anther year befre they are able t d the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability t recgnize that a shape will need t be turned in a specific directin befre it will fit is called an “allcentric frame f reference”. In the experiment, Gffin’s cckats were able t select the right tl fr the jb, in mst cases, by visual recgnitin alne. Where trial-and-errr was used, the cckats did better than mnkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Gffin’s cckats d indeed pssess an allcentric frame f reference when mving bjects in space, similar t tw-year-ld babies.The next step, accrding t the researchers, is t try and wrk ut whether the cckats rely entirely n visual clues (线索), r als use a sense f tuch in making their shape selectins.27. Which can be a suitable title fr the text?A. Cckats: Quick Errr CheckersB. Cckats: Independent LearnersC. Cckats: Clever Signal-ReadersD. Cckats: Skilful Shape-Srters【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种具有形状识别的凤头鹦鹉。 27. D主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的“Cffin’s cckats, a kind f small parrt native t Australasia, have been shwn t have similar shape-recgnitin abilities t a human tw-year-ld. 科芬的凤头鹦鹉是一种原产于大洋洲的小鹦鹉，它的形状识别能力与两岁的人类相似”可知，本文主要介绍了会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。故选D。
3.C【2022·全国高考乙卷】 Can a small grup f drnes(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability f railways and, at the same time, help railway peratrs save billins f eurs each year? That is the very likely future f applying tday’s “eyes in the sky” technlgy t making sure that the millins f kilmetres f rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)wrldwide are safe fr trains n a 24/7 basis. Drnes are already being used t examine high-tensin electrical lines. They culd d precisely the same thing t inspect railway lines and ther vital aspects f rail infrastructure such as the crrect psitin f railway tracks and switching pints. The mre regularly they can be inspected, the mre railway safety, reliability and n-time perfrmance will be imprved. Csts wuld be cut and peratins wuld be mre efficient(高效)acrss the bard. That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety. It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerus wrk that culd be avided with drnes assisting the crews’ effrts. perfrm these tasks, drnes fr rail dn’t need t be flying verhead. Engineers are nw wrking n a new cncept: the rail drnes f the future. They will be mving n the track ahead f the train, and prgrammed t run autnmusly. Very small drnes with advanced sensrs and AI and travelling ahead f the train culd guide it like a c-pilt. With their ability t see ahead, they culd signal any prblem, s that fast-mving trains wuld be able t react in time.
11. Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?A. What Faults Can Be Detected with DrnesB. Hw Prductin f Drnes Can Be ExpandedC. What Difficulty Drne Develpment Will FaceD. Hw Drnes Will Change the Future f Railways【答案】 11. D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼”的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。11. D主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第一段“Can a small grup f drnes(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability f railways and, at the same time, help railway peratrs save billins f eurs each year? That is the very likely future f applying tday’s “eyes in the sky” technlgy t making sure that the millins f kilmeters f rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)wrldwide are safe fr trains n a24/7 basis.(一小群无人机能否在保证铁路安全可靠的同时，帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元?这很可能是应用今天的“空中之眼”技术的未来，以确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施全天候安全运行。)”以及后文第二段讲到了使用无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能;第三段讲到了使用无人机大幅节省维护成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全；第四段讲到了通过使用最新的技术，无人机还可以开始为铁路提供更高的价值，可知文章主要讲述了无人机将如何改变铁路的未来，所以D项“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。”符合文章中心思想，适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。
4.C【2021·全国新高考II卷】A British wman wh wn a S1 millin prize after she was named the Wrld's Best Teacher will use the cash t bring inspiratinal figures int UK schls. Andria Zafiraku,a nrth Lndn secndary schl teacher, said she wanted t bring abut a classrm revlutin (变革). “We are ging t make a change, ”she said.“I’ve started a prject t prmte the teaching f the arts in ur schls.” The prject results frm the difficulties many schls have in getting artists f any srt - whether an up-and-cming lcal musician r a majr mvie star - int schls t wrk with and inspire children. Zafiraku began the prject at Alpertn Cmmunity Schl, her place f wrk fr the past twelve years. “I've seen thse magic mments when children are talking t smene they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists . mre than ever in ur schls." Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria's brilliant prject t bring artists frm all fields int direct cntact with children is particularly welcme at a time when the arts are being dwngraded in schls." It was a mistake t see the arts as unnecessary, he added. Histrian Sir Simn Schama is als a supprter f the prject. He said that arts educatin in schls was nt just an add-n. “It is abslutely necessary. The future depends n creativity and creativity depends n the yung. What will remain f us when artificial intelligence takes ver will be ur creativity, and it is ur creative spirit, ur visinary sense f freshness,that has been ur strength fr centuries."11．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?A．Bring Artists t SchlsB．When Histrians Meet ArtistsC．Arts Educatin in BritainD．The Wrld's Best Arts Teacher【答案】11．A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国一名女子在被评为世界最佳教师后获得了100万英镑的奖金，她将用这笔奖金发起一个项目，让艺术家进入学校。11．文章标题。根据文章第二段“Andria Zafiraku, a nrth Lndn secndary schl teacher, said she wanted t bring abut a classrm revlutin. “We are ging t make a change,”she said.“I’ve started a prject t prmte the teaching f the arts in ur schls.”（伦敦北部中学教师安德里亚·扎菲拉库(Andria Zafiraku)表示，她想掀起一场课堂革命。“我们将做出改变，”她说。“我已经启动了一个项目，以促进我们学校的艺术教学。”）”可知，文章讲述了Andria Zafiraku用自己的奖金启动了一个项目，将艺术家带进学校，促进艺术教学。故选A。
5.D【2021·英语全国甲卷】Wh is a genius? This questin has greatly interested humankind fr centuries.Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almst the internatinal symbl fr genius. But we want t g beynd ne man and explre the nature f genius itself. Why is it that sme peple are s much mre intelligent r creative than the rest f us? And wh are they? In the sciences and arts, thse praised as geniuses were mst ften white men, f Eurpean rigin. Perhaps this is nt a surprise. It's said that histry is written by the victrs, and thse victrs set the standards fr admissin t the genius club. When cntributins were made by geniuses utside the club—wmen, r peple f a different clr r belief—they were unacknwledged and rejected by thers.A study recently published by Science fund that as yung as age six, girls are less likely than bys t say that members f their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief: Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are “really, really smart.” Can ur planet affrd t have any great thinkers becme discuraged and give up? It desn't take a genius t knw the answer: abslutely nt.Here's the gd news. In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we're all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear. And the mre we lk, the mre we will see that scial factrs(因素)like gender, race, and class d nt determine the appearance f genius. As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple gd frtune, wh are able t change the wrld.”15．What is the best title fr the text?A．Geniuses Think AlikeB．Genius Takes Many FrmsC．Genius and IntelligenceD．Genius and Luck【答案】15．B【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才？”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上“天才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。15．文章标题。根据文章的主要内容，结合文章第一段提出问题“Wh is a genius?（谁是天才）”和最后一段的“As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance, and simple geniuses, wh are able t change the wrld.”(正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有“智慧、创造力、毅力和那些能够改变世界的简单天才。”)”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大贡献的人，他们也可以是某一方面比较突出的普通人。由此可知B项“天才有多种形式”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。
6.C【2021·全国新高考I卷】When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat.In 1934, with the passage f the Migratry Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly cncerned natin tk firm actin t stp the destructin f migratry ( 迁徙的) waterfwl and the wetlands s vital t their survival. Under this Act, all waterfwl hunters 16 years f age and ver must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a plitical cartnist frm Des Mines, lwa, wh at that time was appinted by President Franklin Rsevelt as Directr f the Bureau f Bilgical Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price t ensure the survival f ur natural resurces.Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be prtected and available fr all generatins t cme. Since 1934, better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat. Little wnder the Federal Duck Stamp Prgram has been called ne f the mst successful cnservatin prgrams ever initiated.31．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?A．The Federal Duck Stamp StryB．The Natinal Wildlife Refuge SystemC．The Benefits f Saving WaterfwlD．The Histry f Migratry Bird Hunting【答案】31．A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了美国鸭票的故事，由于美国移民的大量流入，对于农地和住房的急需大量的水禽栖息地被破坏导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽。31．文章标题。根据全文可知，由于之前不恰当的发展导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽，故可知，本文讲述美国鸭票的故事，故选A。
7.C【2021·全国高考乙卷】Yu’ve heard that plastic is plluting the ceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 millin tnnes enter cean ecsystems every year. But des ne plastic straw r cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Vn Wng wants yu t knw that it des. He builds massive sculptures ut f plastic garbage, frcing viewers t re-examine their relatinship t single-use plastic prducts. At the beginning f the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpcalypse,” a pair f 10-ft-tall plastic waves, frzen mid-crash. Made f 168,000 plastic straws cllected frm several vlunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shpping center in H Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Just 9% f glbal plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by n means the biggest surce（来源）f plastic pllutin, but they’ve recently cme under fire because mst peple dn’t need them t drink with and, because f their small size and weight, they cannt be recycled. Every straw that’s part f Vn Wng’s artwrk likely came frm a drink that smene used fr nly a few minutes. Once the drink is gne, the straw will take centuries t disappear. In a piece frm 2018, Vn Wng wanted t illustrate（说明） a specific statistic: Every 60 secnds, a trucklad’s wrth f plastic enters the cean. Fr this wrk, titled “Trucklad f Plastic,” Vn Wng and a grup f vlunteers cllected mre than 10,000 pieces f plastic, which were then tied tgether t lk like they’d been dumped（倾倒） frm a truck all at nce. Vn Wng hpes that his wrk will als help pressure big cmpanies t reduce their plastic ftprint.
31．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?A．Artists’ Opinins n Plastic SafetyB．Media Interest in Cntemprary ArtC．Respnsibility Demanded f Big CmpaniesD．Ocean Plastics Transfrmed int Sculptures【答案】31．D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了艺术家Benjamin Vn Wng用塑料垃圾制作了一个巨大的雕塑作品，让人们通过这个雕塑重新审视自己与一次性塑料制品的关系。此外他在2018的一件作品“Trucklad f Plastic”说明了每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。Vn Wng通过用塑料垃圾制造巨型雕塑来唤醒和提高人们的环保意识。31．标题判断题。通读全文，结合第一段“But des ne plastic straw r cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Vn Wng wants yu t knw that it des. He builds massive sculptures ut f plastic garbage, frcing viewers t re-examine their relatinship t single-use plastic prducts.(但一根塑料吸管或一个塑料杯真的有什么区别吗？艺术家本杰明·冯·王(Benjamin Vn Wng)想让你知道，它确实如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。)”和倒数第二段“In a piece frm 2018, Vn Wng wanted t illustrate(说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 secnds, a trucklad’s wrth f plastic enters the cean. Fr this wrk, titled “Trucklad f Plastic,” Vn Wng and a grup f vlunteers cllected mre than 10,000 pieces f plastic, which were then tied tgether t lk like they’d been dumped(倾倒) frm a truck all at nce.(在2018年的一个作品中，冯·王(Vn Wng)想要说明一个具体的统计数字：每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。这项名为“一卡车塑料”的作品，冯·王和一组志愿者收集了一万多块塑料，然后把它们绑在一起，让它们看起来像是同时从卡车上倾倒下来的。)”可知艺术家本杰明·冯·王(Benjamin Vn Wng)通过利用塑料垃圾制作巨型雕塑的方法来提示人们重新思考与一次性塑料的关系，唤醒和提高人们循环利用的意识，促进环保的发展。由此可知，D项“海洋塑料变成雕塑”符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选D项。
考点2概括文章大意 1.C【2022·全国甲卷】As Ginni Bazlintn reached Antarctica, she fund herself greeted by a grup f little Gent penguins(企鹅) lnging t say hell. These gentle, lvely gatekeepers welcmed her and kick-started what was t be a trip Ginni wuld never frget.Ever since her childhd, Ginni, nw 71, has had a deep lve fr travel. Thrughut her career(职业) as a prfessinal dancer, she tured in the UK, but always lnged t explre further. When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time t take the plunge.After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began t travel the wrld, eventually getting wrk teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discvered she culd get last-minute cheap deals n ships ging t Antarctica frm the islands ff Tierra del Fueg, the suthernmst tip f the Suth American mainland. “I just decided wanted t g,” she says. “I had n idea abut what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervus, I just wanted t d it. And I wanted t d it alne as I always prefer it that way.”In March 2008, Ginni barded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met befre, t begin the jurney twards Antarctica. “Frm seeing the wildlife t witnessing sunrises, the whle experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impressin n me that n ther place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rse ut f the water like sme prehistric creature and I thught it was smiling at us. Yu culd still hear the peratic sunds it was making underwater.”The realizatin that this is a precius land, t be respected by humans, was ne f the biggest things that hit hme t Ginni.31. What is the text mainly abut?A. A childhd dream.B. An unfrgettable experience.C. Sailing arund the wrld.D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了71岁的Ginni Balintn从小就热爱旅行，渴望探险，她周游世界，并从2008年开始前往南极洲的旅行。31. B主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的“These gentle, lvely gatekeepers welcmed her and kick-started what was t be a trip Ginni wuld never frget.”和倒数第二段中的“Frm seeing the wildlife t witnessing sunrises, the whle experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impressin n me that n ther place has”可知，文章主要介绍了71岁的Ginni Balintn的难忘的南极洲之旅。故选B。
2. B【2020·全国新课标II】Sme parents will buy any high-tech ty if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.Psychlgist Susan Levine, an expert n mathematics develpment in yung children the University f Chicag, fund children wh play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develp better spatial skills. Puzzle play was fund t be a significant predictr f cgnitin(认知) after cntrlling fr differences in parents’ incme, educatin and the amunt f parent talk, Levine said.The researchers analyzed vide recrdings f 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at hme and fund children wh play with puzzles between 26 and 46 mnths f age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 mnths f age.“The children wh played with puzzles perfrmed better than thse wh did nt, n tasks that assessed their ability t rtate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.The parents were asked t interact with their children as they nrmally wuld, and abut half f children in the study played with puzzles at ne time. Higher-incme parents tended t have children play with puzzles mre frequently, and bth bys and girls wh played with puzzles had better spatial skills. Hwever, bys tended t play with mre cmplex puzzles than girls, and the parents f bys prvided mre spatial language and were mre active during puzzle play than parents f girls.The findings were published in the jurnal Develpmental Science.24227．What is the text mainly abut?A．A mathematical methd.B．A scientific study.C．A wman psychlgistD．A teaching prgram.【答案】27．B【解析】本文是说明文。是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。27．主旨大意题。本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。所以是关于科学研究的。B. A scientific study(一项科学研究)符合以上说法，故选B项。
3.C【2020·全国新课标III】With the yung unable t affrd t leave hme and the ld at risk f islatin(孤独), mre families are chsing t live tgether.The drway t peace and quiet, fr Nick Bright at least, leads straight t his mther-in-law, she lives n the grund flr, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their tw daughters.Fur years ag they all mved int a three-strey Victrian huse in Bristl — ne f a grwing number f multigeneratinal families in the UK living tgether under the same rf. They share a frnt dr and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her wn kitchen, bathrm, bedrm and living rm n the grund flr.“We flated the idea t my mum f sharing at a huse,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spke mre with Nick because I think it’s a big thing fr Nick t live with his mther-in-law.”And what des Nick think? “Frm my standpint, it all seems t wrk very well. Wuld I recmmend it? Yes, I think I wuld.”It’s hard t tell exactly hw many peple agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising fr sme time. Official reprts suggest that the number f husehlds with three generatins living tgether had risen frm 325,000 in 2002 t 419,000 in 2013.Other varieties f multigeneratinal family are mre cmmn. Sme peple live with their elderly parents; many mre adult children are returning t the family hme, if they ever left. It is said that abut 20% f 25-34-year-lds live with their parents, cmpared with 16% in 1991.The ttal number f all multigeneratinal husehlds in Britain is thught t be abut 1.8 millin.Stries like that are mre cmmn in parts f the wrld where multigeneratinal living is mre firmly rted. In India, particularly utside cities, yung wmen are expected t mve in with their husband’s family when they get married.31831. What is the text mainly abut?A. Lifestyles in different cuntries.B. Cnflicts between generatins.C. A husing prblem in Britain.D. A rising trend f living in the UK.【答案】31.D【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起，出现了多世同堂的现象。31.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“With the yung unable t affrd t leave hme and the ld at risk f islatin(孤独), mre families are chsing t live tgether.”可知，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。所以短文主要是关于英国生活方式的一种上升趋势。故选D项。
考点3总结段落大意1.D【2022·新高考I卷】Human speech cntains mre than 2,000 different sunds, frm the cmmn “m” and “a” t the rare clicks f sme suthern African languages. But why are certain sunds mre cmmn than thers? A grund-breaking, five-year study shws that diet-related changes in human bite led t new speech sunds that are nw fund in half the wrld’s languages. Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f” and “v”, were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds. Nw a team f researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse. They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard t prduce labidentals, which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth. Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure (结构), making it easier t prduce such sunds.The team shwed that this change in bite was cnnected with the develpment f agriculture in the Nelithic perid. Fd became easier t chew at this pint. The jawbne didn’t have t d as much wrk and s didn’t grw t be s large.Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.This research verturns the ppular view that all human speech sunds were present when human beings evlved arund 300,000 years ag. ”The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,“ said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.
14. What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?A. Supprting evidence fr the research results.B. Ptential applicatin f the research findings.C. A further explanatin f the research methds.D. A reasnable dubt abut the research prcess.【答案】 14. A 【解析】本篇是一篇说明文。主要介绍因为饮食的改变导致了现在在世界上一半的语言中发现了新的语音。14. A主旨大意题。根据文章第五段中的“Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the s Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v”increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.（对语言数据库的分析也证实，在新石器时代之后，世界语言的发音发生了全球性的变化，在过去几千年里，“f”和“v”的使用显著增加。这些声音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然没有发现）”可知，第五段主要是通过列明数据分析结果来进一步证明研究结果。故选A。
2.D【2022·全国甲卷】Smetime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discvered its harbr. Then, ne after anther, Sydney discvered lts f things that were just srt f there — brad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse ppulatin. But it is the harbr that makes the city.Andrew Reynlds, a cheerful fellw in his early 30s, pilts Sydney ferrybats fr a living. I spent the whle mrning shuttling back and frth acrss the harbr. After ur third run Andrew shut dwn the engine, and we went ur separate ways — he fr a lunch break, I t explre the city.“I’ll miss these ld bats,” he said as we parted.“Hw d yu mean?” I asked.“Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re nt s elegant, and they’re nt fun t pilt. But that’s prgress, I guess.”Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and prgress are the watchwrds (口号), and traditins are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s fficial histrian, tld me that in its rush t mdernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much f its past, including many f its finest buildings. “Sydney is cnfused abut itself,” she said. “We can’t seem t make up ur minds whether we want a mdern city r a traditinal ne. It’s a cnflict that we aren’t getting any better at reslving (解决).”On the ther hand, being yung and ld at the same time has its attractins. I cnsidered this when I met a thughtful yung businessman named Anthny. “Many peple say that we lack culture in this cuntry,” he tld me. “What peple frget is that the Italians, when they came t Australia, brught 2000 years f their culture, the Greeks sme 3000 years, and the Chinese mre still. We’ve gt a fundatin built n ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism f a yung cuntry. It’s a pretty hard cmbinatin t beat.”He is right, but I can’t help wishing they wuld keep thse ld ferries.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?A. Sydney’s striking architecture.B. The cultural diversity f Sydney.C. The key t Sydney’s develpment.D. Sydney’s turist attractins in the 1960s.【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章作者和悉尼人士的交流反映了悉尼发展中面临的问题——发展为一个传统文化城市还是现代化城市。32. C主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的“Smetime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discvered its harbr. 20世纪60年代初，澳大利亚悉尼发生了一件大事。这座城市发现了它的港口 ”以及“But it is the harbr that makes the city. 正是港口造就了这个城市”可知，本段的大意是悉尼发展的关键是港口。故选C。
3.B【2021·全国高考乙卷】When almst everyne has a mbile phne, why are mre than half f Australian hmes still paying fr a landline（座机）?These days yu’d be hard pressed t find anyne in Australia ver the age f 15 wh desn’t wn a mbile phne. In fact plenty f yunger kids have ne in their pcket. Practically everyne can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime. Still, 55 percent f Australians have a landline phne at hme and nly just ver a quarter （29%） rely nly n their smartphnes accrding t a survey （调查）. Of thse Australians wh still have a landline, a third cncede that it’s nt really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies. I think my hme falls int that categry. Mre than half f Australian hmes are still chsing t stick with their hme phne. Age is naturally a factr（因素）— nly 58 percent f Generatin Ys still use landlines nw and then, cmpared t 84 percent f Baby Bmers wh’ve perhaps had the same hme number fr 50 years. Age isn’t the nly factr; I’d say it’s als t d with the makeup f yur husehld. Generatin Xers with yung families, like my wife and I, can still find it cnvenient t have a hme phne rather than prviding a mbile phne fr every family member. That said, t be hnest the nly peple wh ever ring ur hme phne are ur Baby Bmers parents, t the pint where we play a game and guess wh is calling befre we pick up the phne（using Caller ID wuld take the fun ut f it）. Hw attached are yu t yur landline? Hw lng until they g the way f gas street lamps and mrning milk deliveries?
24．What des paragraph 2 mainly tell us abut mbile phnes?A．Their target users.B．Their wide ppularity.C．Their majr functins.D．Their cmplex design.【答案】24．B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚使用固定电话的情况，并且表达了固定电话是非必需品的观点。24．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“These days yu'd be hard pressed t find anyne in Australia ver the age f 15 wh desn't wn a mbile phne. In fact plenty f yunger kids have ne in their pcket. Practically everyne can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime. (现在你很难在澳大利亚找到15岁以上的没有手机的人。事实上，很多年幼的孩子口袋里都有手机。几乎每个人都可以随时随地拨打和接听电话)”可推知，本段主要说明手机在澳大利亚广受欢迎。故选B项。
【高考预测】纵观近几年全国高考试题，预测2023年全国高考试题还会①Ⅰ卷在选材上继续保持知识性和趣味性，语篇长度适中，题材与体裁广泛，彰显文化特色，重点考查考生快速获取、处理、分析信息的能力。细节理解题占总量的60%左右，难度与上年持平，预计难度系数0.6。②Ⅱ卷文章体裁继续延续记叙文和说明文占主体的局面，另有一篇议论文和一篇广告类说明文。题型以细节理解题为主，推理判断题略有所增加，词义猜测题1题左右。【解密考场】——课堂讲解突破关键能力 主旨要义解密①如何精确归纳标题？【解题中发现规律】【山东省百校联盟大联考2022-2023学年高三上学期12月月考】BHusemates make psters t lighten the md amid the challenges f the nging COVID-19 utbreak. Psters featuring a character that resembles the Disney rbt Baymax have been making runds n the internet and drawing praise frm netizens fr lightening the md amid the epidemic.Made by Chen Mengying, 32, and her American husemate Stacey Klinge, 33, the psters als feature humrus phrases related t lckdwn life. The du (搭档), wh live in Tianyuan husing cmmunity, say they came up with the pster after realizing hw tense the md in their cmmunity had becme as it faced lckdwn challenges. Accrding t Chen and Klinge, their cmmunity, which has been under clsed-lp (闭环) management since April 1, has had prblems getting access t daily essentials, and this sparked several disagreements between residents and the management. Eager t help lighten the md, the tw sught t spread sme cheer using their artistic skills.
Klinge says she was initially cnfused with her husemate’s suggestin t create a character based n dabai, a Chinese reference t pandemic wrkers in white prtective suits. Chen says she was thinking abut Baymax frm the animated film Big Her 6. Seeing hw Baymax and the wrkers bth play the rle f prtectrs in their respective wrlds, the tw decided t use the character fr their psters. Their psters, which cntain multilingual updates abut the latest pandemic measures and annuncements fr residents, have helped peple develp a sense f ptimism.The psters have als drawn the attentin f several lcal media utlets, which have interviewed the tw. “I was seriusly cnsidering a return t the United States. But I’ve changed my mind after my fantastic experience in the cmmunity,” says Klinge. Besides creating the psters, Chen and Klinge have als been vlunteering in the cmmunity since April 16 and they always fcus n psitive things at this difficult time.7．What can be the best title fr the passage?A．Design a Sense f CheerB．Create a New LifestyleC．Lk n the Bright SideD．Face the Lckdwn Challenges【答案】 7．A【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。讲述了在疫情封闭期间，两个小女孩做海报来鼓励人们的故事。7．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段话“Husemates make psters t lighten the md amid the challenges f the nging COVID-19 utbreak.(在新冠肺炎疫情的挑战下，室友们制作海报来缓解情绪。)”可知，这两位室友做了个海报鼓励疫情期间封闭的人们，A项“设计一种快乐的感觉”符合文意，故选A项。
【我的发现】规律方法1： 如何精确归纳标题？1、利用主题段来概括标题主题段一般在文章的第一段和最后一段，一般来说第一段经常提出文章的主题或最后一段总结文章的主题，知道了文章的主题也就知道了文章的中心，把中心概括成一句话或一个短语——文章的标题。2、利用主题句来概括标题解题的关键是要抓住每一段的首尾句，要注意贯穿文章始终的词语。通过寻找文章的主题句，并对主题句进行概括和提炼，从而确定文章的标题。做此类题时，要避免以下三种错误：(1)概括不够(多表现为部分替代整体，从而缩小了范围)；(2)过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围)；(3)以事实、细节替代文章大意。【变式精讲】【辽宁省名校联盟2022-2023学年高三12月联考】DFd waste is bth a prblem fr the industry and public health. Mri is cnsidered as an “anti-waste cmpany” and its missin is t make healthy fd mre accessible by keeping it fresher and lnger. It is pineering a natural, extremely-thin water-based cating that is applied t fd t slw the exchange f gases that cause the fd t g bad. Abut the thickness f tw red bld cells, the cating is tasteless and unseeable, giving fd a lnger shelf life. The cating als enables less r alternative packaging.
Prfessrs Firenz Omenett and Benedett Marelli were investigating the pwer f silk t stabilize drugs when Marelli had the idea t stabilize smething significantly larger: a strawberry. He cated the fruit with a silk slutin and waited. Days later the strawberry still lked fresh—the cating wrked.When ne cmpares a bunch f uncated cabbage with thse cated by the startup, the differences are striking. The uncated cabbage is brwn, dry, and uneatable. The cated fds lk fresh and untuched.What appears t be magic is thanks t the pwer f silk. Nt silk threads like thse used in the textile (纺织) industry, but a water-based slutin made with silk mlecules (分子). The startup’s cre technlgy makes silk unseeable, but maintains its key mlecular prperties. Being a slutin, the patent cating can be applied quickly and easily t any shape r size.The technlgy Mri has develped wrks. But t make any prgress in the glbal fd waste prblem, it must be able t cme ut in a massive way. Thankfully, silk is plentiful. The startup can use any grade f the natural material, including thse rejected by the textile industry. As Marelli ntes, “We culd cat every apple in the U. S. tday fr nly a small amunt f the silk used in textile industry.” That’s a lt f apples.15．What is the suitable title f the text?A．Cated Vegetables Are Mre Suitable fr EatingB．Measures Have Been Taken t Handle Fd WasteC．Prfessrs Have Develped New Medicine frm VegetablesD．A Natural Cating Reduces Fd and Packaging Waste【答案】15．D【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。Mri被认为是一家“反浪费公司”，其使命是通过保持食品更新鲜、更长久，让人们更容易获得健康食品。它开创了一种天然材料做成的涂料，用于食品，使食物的保质期更长，该涂层还能够实现更少或替代的包装。15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Mri is cnsidered as an “anti-waste cmpany” and its missin is t make healthy fd mre accessible by keeping it fresher and lnger. It is pineering a natural, extremely-thin water-based cating that is applied t fd t slw the exchange f gases that cause the fd t g bad.”（Mri被认为是一家“反浪费公司”，它的使命是通过保持食物更新鲜更长久。它开创了一种天然的，极薄的水溶性涂层，应用于食物以减缓导致食物变质的气体交换。）可知，本文是要介绍新型涂料用于保鲜食物和反对包装浪费。故选D项。
解密②如何归纳文章大意【解题中发现规律】【安徽省皖北五校2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考】I was brn in Karachị, Pakistan. After cmpleting my bachelr’s degree in MBBS, I gt a schlarship in 2016 frm China Schlarship Cuncil t d a master’s in Neursurgery at Sutheast University Nanjing, China. I culdn’t wait t start my pstgraduate study in China. In my first year. I learned the Chinese language, and passed the HSK level 5. It helped me a lt as a vlunteer during the COVID-19 pandemic(流行病).In February 2020, when the COVID-19 pandemic was n peak, the schl chse me as a vlunteer. which was a great hnr fr me. It was challenging t decide whether I shuld stay here r g back hme because my family frced me t return hme. At that time, I thught I must stand ut in this critical mment s I was handed a lt f respnsibilities related t the students’ daily needs.Every day, I had t take an rder frm students fr their dinners and brught fd fr them. Besides, I had t recrd their temperatures three times a day, fr which the universities had given a thermmeter(温度计) t them all. Smetimes if. a student felt sick, it was my respnsibility t accmpany him t the hspital. Als, I had t g t the supermarket t bring grceries fr them、 fr which I had t ask every individual the daily necessities they needed. I prvided psychlgical assistance, emtinal cmfrt, and cunseling t them. As the pandemic was getting better, I must stay at the drmitry gate t ensure that the students were wearing masks, having the permissin cards t g ut, and request them t cme back n time.It has sharpened my skills in becming in better fender and develped n sense f pride in cntributing t cmmunity.
7．What message des the authr cnvey in the text?A．Tw heads are better than ne.B．It’s easier said than dne.C．Rses given, fragrance in hand.D．Gd helps thse wh help themselves.【答案】 7．C【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。叙述了巴基斯坦的留学生疫情期间在中国做志愿者的故事。7．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“It has sharpened my skills in becming in better fender and develped n sense f pride in cntributing t cmmunity.(它提高了我成为更好的防御者的技能，并培养了为社区做出贡献的自豪感。)”可知，在中国做志愿者使作者的防御技能得到了提升，也培养了为社区服务的自豪感，这就是“赠人玫瑰，手留余香”的最佳诠释。故选C项。【我的发现】规律方法：如何概括文章大意?1、做概括文章大意题时，有效的方法就是辨认主题句。主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点，文章的中心思想往往是每段主题句的综合。若文章无主题句，这就需要我们依据文中的事实、细节、观点去进行分析、推断和归纳，从而概括出文章大意。2、在选择答案时，根据自己总结的大意，就可以用排除法将干扰项逐个排除。【变式精讲】
【2023届四川省资阳市高中高三上学期第一次诊断性考试】Language is the bridge that cnnects peple everywhere. On April 20, peple arund the wrld celebrated the United Natins Chinese Language Day. T mark the ccasin, the UN Office at Geneva, Switzerland, rganized the first Chinese Language Vide Festival (CLVF).Participants frm 27 cuntries, including the US, the UK, France, Germany, Italy and Japan, tk part in the ne-hur special event, sharing their passin fr the Chinese language and culture thrugh shrt vides. Over 340 vide submissins (提交) tld tuching stries abut a civilized, mdern and yuthful China thrugh participants’ persnal experiences in the cuntry.Thugh sme peple find the language difficult t learn, mst find it t be rewarding.Fr M. Yusaf frm Pakistan, learning Chinese gave him a better perspective (视角) and insight int the culture. “Learning Chinese is nt just learning a language. It’s a language f ne f the biggest ppulatins in the wrld,” Yusaf said. “If yu knw this language, yu knw the civilizatin and mind f the peple.”Of curse the language itself is unique, particularly cnsidering it’s tnal (音调的) fundatin. “Tnes are imprtant because a lt f Chinese syllables (音节) sund similar r even the same — the tne changes their meaning,” said Mike Fuksman, an American living in Beijing.T remember Chinese characters, yu can cnnect them with pictures and make sme shrt stries. Many peple find it is imprtant t use imaginatin when learning Chinese. Fr example, the Chinese character fr “tea” has sme lines f grass, the rf f a huse and peple drinking tea.Learning any language cmes with benefits, particularly fr thse wh are always lking t learn mre. Since sme languages have “lanwrds (外来词)” frm Chinese, it may be easier fr ne t pick up Krean r Japanese after studying Chinese. “It helped me s much when I started learning Japanese,” said Yerdana.
11．What is the text mainly abut?A．The methd f learning Chinese.B．Hw t write Chinese characters well.C．The benefits f learning freign cultures.D．A new festival and sme stries abut learning Chinese.【答案】 11．D【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了联合国驻瑞士日内瓦办事处举办了首届中文影像节来庆祝联合国中文日，来自27个国家的人们参加了这次特殊活动，并通过视频的方式分享了他们学习汉语的经历和想法。11．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“On April 20, peple arund the wrld celebrated the United Natins Chinese Language Day. T mark the ccasin, the UN Office at Geneva, Switzerland, rganized the first Chinese Language Vide Festival (CLVF).(4月20日，全世界人民庆祝联合国中文日。为纪念这一节日，联合国驻瑞士日内瓦办事处举办了首届中文影像节)”及下文介绍可知，文章主要介绍了一个新节日和一些关于学习汉语的故事。故选D。解密③如何归纳段落大意【解题中发现规律】【山东省百校联盟大联考2022-2023学年高三上学期12月月考】CA newly develped dispsable paper battery prmises t make a big impact n single-use electrnics. The battery that has been demnstrated by researchers is bidegradable (可生物降解的), made frm sustainable materials, and cheap t put tgether. What’s mre, it can be prduced in a variety f shapes and sizes as needed.T give an idea f the pwer, a tw-cell battery was enugh t pwer an LCD alarm clck. While it wn’t be charging up yur cmputer anytime sn, there’s lts f ptential fr lw-pwered sensrs. “We present a printed paper battery develped t pwer single-use dispsable electrnics and t reduce their envirnmental impact t the lwest level,” write the researchers in their published paper.
The battery is based n a metal-air electrchemical cell. Made frm sdium chlride salt-diffused (氯化钠盐扩散的) paper, it can measure as little as ne square centimeter, and is based n printed inks. All that’s needed, then, is a small amunt f water, as little as tw drps. This disslves the salts within the paper, and then activates the battery as they travel. The battery starts prducing pwer arund 20 secnds after water is added, accrding t the experiments carried ut by the team.Althugh the perfrmance decreases ver time as the paper dries ut, it can be tpped up t sme extent with mre water. The researchers say they want t imprve the efficiency f the battery in the future, and get it wrking fr lnger.“With a rising awareness f the e-waste prblem and the emergence f single-use electrnics fr applicatins, there is a grwing need fr lw envirnmental impact batteries,” write the researchers.9．What des paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?A．Hw the paper battery wrks.B．What the paper battery cnsists f.C．Why the paper battery is ppular.D．Where the paper battery can be applied.【答案】 9．A 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一种新开发的一次性纸电池。9．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“The battery is based n a metal-air electrchemical cell. Made frm sdium chlride salt-diffused (氯化钠盐扩散的) paper, it can measure as little as ne square centimeter, and is based n printed inks. All that’s needed, then, is a small amunt f water, as little as tw drps. This disslves the salts within the paper, and then activates the battery as they travel(这种电池是基于金属—空气电化学电池。它由氯化钠盐扩散纸制成，最小可达一平方厘米，并以印刷油墨为基础。那么，所需要的只是少量的水，只有两滴。这会溶解纸中的盐，然后在它们移动的过程中激活电池)”可知，本段主要讲解的是纸电池的工作原理。故选A。【我的发现】规律方法：如何总结段落大意？段落大意即某一段的中心思想，通常中心思想会在首句体现出来，这就是常说的段落主题句。主题句具有鲜明的概括性，句子结构简单，段落中其他句子均用来解释、支撑或扩展主题句所表达的主题思想。主题句通常位于段首，也可位于段尾、段中。有时作者没有写出明显的主题句，要学会根据段落内容去概括主题句。
【变式精讲】【辽宁省名校联盟2022-2023学年高三12月联考】BThe Clrad 8-year-ld will set ut Tuesday t becme the yungest persn t reach the tp f El Capitan in Califrnia’s Ysemite Natinal Park. He will climb the rck face with the help f the hanging rpes. The jurney is expected t take fur days “f hanging frm yur fingers r hanging frm yur anchrs(锚),” Sam’s dad Je Baker tld CNN’s Fredricka Whitfield n Sunday. They’ll camp ne night n the tp f El Capitan.Sam and Je Baker will climb in a fur-persn team. It is a Class 5 climb, the highest and mst difficult f classificatins. The rutes are fr expert climbers wh train regularly and have a lt f natural ability.“Sam has been training t take n El Capitan every day fr the last at least 18 mnths,” his father said. In additin t physical training, planning hw much equipment-including 200 punds f water-t take fr the daylng hike is amng the challenges. “Yu can’t just turn n the water,” Je said. “Yu have t carry it with yu.”While making it t the tp f El Capitan wuld set recrds, that’s nt Sam’s mtivatin fr attempting the climb. “I’m mst excited t climb with Daddy,” Sam tld CNN.Hanging frm the rck face thusands f feet in the air, the climbers will dine n lasagna (意面) they ck frm little packets n a gas stve. Sam is als planning a mvie night while pausing frm the side f the rck. In additin t his climbing accmplishments, Sam is getting really gd at chess, s a travel chess set will be alng fr the climb t.Aside frm the lasagna, watching a mvie and playing chess, Sam said “getting t the tp” is his favrite part f climbing.Je and his wife fell in lve while climbing, and Sam did well in a climbing harness (背带) “befre he culd walk”. When he was 6, Sam tk n Lst Arrw Spire, a three-pitch climb that starts 2, 500 feet abve Ysemite Valley. Only ne ther 6-year-ld-wrld-class prfessinal climber Tmmy Caldwell, had ever dne it.
5．What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?A．Sam’s advantages as a climber.B．Difficulties Sam will encunter.C．Sam’s hbbies besides climbing.D．Things Sam will d while climbing.【答案】 5．D【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。科罗拉多州的8岁Sam将于周二出发，成为登上加利福尼亚州约塞米蒂国家公园El Capitan山顶的最年轻的人。5．主旨大意题。根据第五段“Hanging frm the rck face thusands f feet in the air, the climbers will dine n lasagna (意面) they ck frm little packets n a gas stve. Sam is als planning a mvie night while pausing frm the side f the rck. In additin t his climbing accmplishments, Sam is getting really gd at chess, s a travel chess set will be alng fr the climb t.(登山者们悬挂在数千英尺高的岩壁上，吃着他们在煤气炉上用小袋子煮的意面。Sam也在计划一个电影之夜，同时从岩石的一侧停下来。除了攀岩的成就，Sam还非常擅长下棋，所以他也会带一套旅行象棋。)”可知，本段讲述了爬山过程中Sam要做的三件事：吃面、看电影和下棋。故选D。
【高频考点解密】2023年高考英语二轮复习讲义阅读理解解密01 主旨要义的复习要点
1.【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】C Over the last seven years, mst states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range f methds t persuade peple t put dwn their phnes when they are behind the wheel. Yet the prblem, by just abut any measure, appears t be getting wrse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using scial netwrks and taking phts. Rad accidents, which had fallen fr years, are nw rising sharply. That is partly because peple are driving mre, but Mark Rsekind, the chief f the Natinal Highway Traffic Safety Administratin, said distracted（分心）driving was "nly increasing, unfrtunately." "Big change requires big ideas." he said in a speech last mnth, referring bradly t the need t imprve rad safety. S t try t change a distinctly mdern behavir, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back t an ld apprach: They want t treat distracted driving like drunk driving. An idea frm lawmakers in New Yrk is t give plice fficers a new device called the Textalyzer. It wuld wrk like this: An fficer arriving at the scene f a crash culd ask fr the phnes f the drivers and use the Textalyzer t check in the perating system fr recent activity. The technlgy culd determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed r dne anything else that is nt allwed under New Yrk's hands-free driving laws. "We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir,” said Félix W. Ortiz, wh pushed fr the state's 2001 ban n hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne."
【解密新高考真题】——预测高考命题方向阅读理解之主旨要义高考解密2023年命题解读和近年考点再现考点1精确归纳标题
11．What is a suitable title fr the text?A．T Drive r Nt t Drive? Think Befre Yu StartB．Texting and Driving? Watch Out fr the TextalyzerC．New Yrk Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers.D．The Next Generatin Cell Phne: The Textalyzer-【答案】11．B【解析】本文一篇说明文。为解决司机在开车时使用手机造成“分神”，引发交通事故的问题，纽约的一名立法者提出使用Textalyzer（短信监控器）的技术来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。11．主旨大意题。纵观全文，第一段和第二段阐述的是“虽然大多数州已经尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。可是问题却越来越严重”。第三段中“That is partly because peple are driving mre.”（部分原因是开车的人越来越多）可知，解释了该行为产生的部分原因。第四段至第五段讲述的是为了解决该问题是纽约立法者提出了一个新的想法即利用Textalyzer技术，来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。最后一段讲述的是：相关人士呼吁该项技术能够成为真正的法案由此才能真正的改变人们的行为。故B选项Texting and Driving? Watch Out fr the Textalyzer（发短信还是在开车？防范短信监控器。）适合文章的标题。故选B。
2.B【2022·全国甲卷】Gffin’s cckats, a kind f small parrt native t Australasia, have been shwn t have similar shape-recgnitin abilities t a human tw-year-ld. Thugh nt knwn t use tls in the wild, the birds have prved skilful at tl use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cckats were presented with a bx with a nut inside it. The clear frnt f the bx had a “keyhle” in a gemetric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” t chse frm. Inserting the crrect “key” wuld let ut the nut.In humans, babies can put a rund shape in a rund hle frm arund ne year f age, but it will be anther year befre they are able t d the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability t recgnize that a shape will need t be turned in a specific directin befre it will fit is called an “allcentric frame f reference”. In the experiment, Gffin’s cckats were able t select the right tl fr the jb, in mst cases, by visual recgnitin alne. Where trial-and-errr was used, the cckats did better than mnkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Gffin’s cckats d indeed pssess an allcentric frame f reference when mving bjects in space, similar t tw-year-ld babies.The next step, accrding t the researchers, is t try and wrk ut whether the cckats rely entirely n visual clues (线索), r als use a sense f tuch in making their shape selectins.27. Which can be a suitable title fr the text?A. Cckats: Quick Errr CheckersB. Cckats: Independent LearnersC. Cckats: Clever Signal-ReadersD. Cckats: Skilful Shape-Srters【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种具有形状识别的凤头鹦鹉。 27. D主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的“Cffin’s cckats, a kind f small parrt native t Australasia, have been shwn t have similar shape-recgnitin abilities t a human tw-year-ld. 科芬的凤头鹦鹉是一种原产于大洋洲的小鹦鹉，它的形状识别能力与两岁的人类相似”可知，本文主要介绍了会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。故选D。
3.C【2022·全国高考乙卷】 Can a small grup f drnes(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability f railways and, at the same time, help railway peratrs save billins f eurs each year? That is the very likely future f applying tday’s “eyes in the sky” technlgy t making sure that the millins f kilmetres f rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)wrldwide are safe fr trains n a 24/7 basis. Drnes are already being used t examine high-tensin electrical lines. They culd d precisely the same thing t inspect railway lines and ther vital aspects f rail infrastructure such as the crrect psitin f railway tracks and switching pints. The mre regularly they can be inspected, the mre railway safety, reliability and n-time perfrmance will be imprved. Csts wuld be cut and peratins wuld be mre efficient(高效)acrss the bard. That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety. It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerus wrk that culd be avided with drnes assisting the crews’ effrts. perfrm these tasks, drnes fr rail dn’t need t be flying verhead. Engineers are nw wrking n a new cncept: the rail drnes f the future. They will be mving n the track ahead f the train, and prgrammed t run autnmusly. Very small drnes with advanced sensrs and AI and travelling ahead f the train culd guide it like a c-pilt. With their ability t see ahead, they culd signal any prblem, s that fast-mving trains wuld be able t react in time.
11. Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?A. What Faults Can Be Detected with DrnesB. Hw Prductin f Drnes Can Be ExpandedC. What Difficulty Drne Develpment Will FaceD. Hw Drnes Will Change the Future f Railways【答案】 11. D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼”的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。11. D主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第一段“Can a small grup f drnes(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability f railways and, at the same time, help railway peratrs save billins f eurs each year? That is the very likely future f applying tday’s “eyes in the sky” technlgy t making sure that the millins f kilmeters f rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)wrldwide are safe fr trains n a24/7 basis.(一小群无人机能否在保证铁路安全可靠的同时，帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元?这很可能是应用今天的“空中之眼”技术的未来，以确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施全天候安全运行。)”以及后文第二段讲到了使用无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能;第三段讲到了使用无人机大幅节省维护成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全；第四段讲到了通过使用最新的技术，无人机还可以开始为铁路提供更高的价值，可知文章主要讲述了无人机将如何改变铁路的未来，所以D项“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。”符合文章中心思想，适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。
4.C【2021·全国新高考II卷】A British wman wh wn a S1 millin prize after she was named the Wrld's Best Teacher will use the cash t bring inspiratinal figures int UK schls. Andria Zafiraku,a nrth Lndn secndary schl teacher, said she wanted t bring abut a classrm revlutin (变革). “We are ging t make a change, ”she said.“I’ve started a prject t prmte the teaching f the arts in ur schls.” The prject results frm the difficulties many schls have in getting artists f any srt - whether an up-and-cming lcal musician r a majr mvie star - int schls t wrk with and inspire children. Zafiraku began the prject at Alpertn Cmmunity Schl, her place f wrk fr the past twelve years. “I've seen thse magic mments when children are talking t smene they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists . mre than ever in ur schls." Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria's brilliant prject t bring artists frm all fields int direct cntact with children is particularly welcme at a time when the arts are being dwngraded in schls." It was a mistake t see the arts as unnecessary, he added. Histrian Sir Simn Schama is als a supprter f the prject. He said that arts educatin in schls was nt just an add-n. “It is abslutely necessary. The future depends n creativity and creativity depends n the yung. What will remain f us when artificial intelligence takes ver will be ur creativity, and it is ur creative spirit, ur visinary sense f freshness,that has been ur strength fr centuries."11．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?A．Bring Artists t SchlsB．When Histrians Meet ArtistsC．Arts Educatin in BritainD．The Wrld's Best Arts Teacher【答案】11．A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国一名女子在被评为世界最佳教师后获得了100万英镑的奖金，她将用这笔奖金发起一个项目，让艺术家进入学校。11．文章标题。根据文章第二段“Andria Zafiraku, a nrth Lndn secndary schl teacher, said she wanted t bring abut a classrm revlutin. “We are ging t make a change,”she said.“I’ve started a prject t prmte the teaching f the arts in ur schls.”（伦敦北部中学教师安德里亚·扎菲拉库(Andria Zafiraku)表示，她想掀起一场课堂革命。“我们将做出改变，”她说。“我已经启动了一个项目，以促进我们学校的艺术教学。”）”可知，文章讲述了Andria Zafiraku用自己的奖金启动了一个项目，将艺术家带进学校，促进艺术教学。故选A。
5.D【2021·英语全国甲卷】Wh is a genius? This questin has greatly interested humankind fr centuries.Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almst the internatinal symbl fr genius. But we want t g beynd ne man and explre the nature f genius itself. Why is it that sme peple are s much mre intelligent r creative than the rest f us? And wh are they? In the sciences and arts, thse praised as geniuses were mst ften white men, f Eurpean rigin. Perhaps this is nt a surprise. It's said that histry is written by the victrs, and thse victrs set the standards fr admissin t the genius club. When cntributins were made by geniuses utside the club—wmen, r peple f a different clr r belief—they were unacknwledged and rejected by thers.A study recently published by Science fund that as yung as age six, girls are less likely than bys t say that members f their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief: Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are “really, really smart.” Can ur planet affrd t have any great thinkers becme discuraged and give up? It desn't take a genius t knw the answer: abslutely nt.Here's the gd news. In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we're all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear. And the mre we lk, the mre we will see that scial factrs(因素)like gender, race, and class d nt determine the appearance f genius. As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple gd frtune, wh are able t change the wrld.”15．What is the best title fr the text?A．Geniuses Think AlikeB．Genius Takes Many FrmsC．Genius and IntelligenceD．Genius and Luck【答案】15．B【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才？”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上“天才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。15．文章标题。根据文章的主要内容，结合文章第一段提出问题“Wh is a genius?（谁是天才）”和最后一段的“As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance, and simple geniuses, wh are able t change the wrld.”(正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有“智慧、创造力、毅力和那些能够改变世界的简单天才。”)”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大贡献的人，他们也可以是某一方面比较突出的普通人。由此可知B项“天才有多种形式”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。
6.C【2021·全国新高考I卷】When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat.In 1934, with the passage f the Migratry Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly cncerned natin tk firm actin t stp the destructin f migratry ( 迁徙的) waterfwl and the wetlands s vital t their survival. Under this Act, all waterfwl hunters 16 years f age and ver must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a plitical cartnist frm Des Mines, lwa, wh at that time was appinted by President Franklin Rsevelt as Directr f the Bureau f Bilgical Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price t ensure the survival f ur natural resurces.Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be prtected and available fr all generatins t cme. Since 1934, better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat. Little wnder the Federal Duck Stamp Prgram has been called ne f the mst successful cnservatin prgrams ever initiated.31．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?A．The Federal Duck Stamp StryB．The Natinal Wildlife Refuge SystemC．The Benefits f Saving WaterfwlD．The Histry f Migratry Bird Hunting【答案】31．A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了美国鸭票的故事，由于美国移民的大量流入，对于农地和住房的急需大量的水禽栖息地被破坏导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽。31．文章标题。根据全文可知，由于之前不恰当的发展导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽，故可知，本文讲述美国鸭票的故事，故选A。
7.C【2021·全国高考乙卷】Yu’ve heard that plastic is plluting the ceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 millin tnnes enter cean ecsystems every year. But des ne plastic straw r cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Vn Wng wants yu t knw that it des. He builds massive sculptures ut f plastic garbage, frcing viewers t re-examine their relatinship t single-use plastic prducts. At the beginning f the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpcalypse,” a pair f 10-ft-tall plastic waves, frzen mid-crash. Made f 168,000 plastic straws cllected frm several vlunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shpping center in H Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Just 9% f glbal plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by n means the biggest surce（来源）f plastic pllutin, but they’ve recently cme under fire because mst peple dn’t need them t drink with and, because f their small size and weight, they cannt be recycled. Every straw that’s part f Vn Wng’s artwrk likely came frm a drink that smene used fr nly a few minutes. Once the drink is gne, the straw will take centuries t disappear. In a piece frm 2018, Vn Wng wanted t illustrate（说明） a specific statistic: Every 60 secnds, a trucklad’s wrth f plastic enters the cean. Fr this wrk, titled “Trucklad f Plastic,” Vn Wng and a grup f vlunteers cllected mre than 10,000 pieces f plastic, which were then tied tgether t lk like they’d been dumped（倾倒） frm a truck all at nce. Vn Wng hpes that his wrk will als help pressure big cmpanies t reduce their plastic ftprint.
31．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?A．Artists’ Opinins n Plastic SafetyB．Media Interest in Cntemprary ArtC．Respnsibility Demanded f Big CmpaniesD．Ocean Plastics Transfrmed int Sculptures【答案】31．D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了艺术家Benjamin Vn Wng用塑料垃圾制作了一个巨大的雕塑作品，让人们通过这个雕塑重新审视自己与一次性塑料制品的关系。此外他在2018的一件作品“Trucklad f Plastic”说明了每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。Vn Wng通过用塑料垃圾制造巨型雕塑来唤醒和提高人们的环保意识。31．标题判断题。通读全文，结合第一段“But des ne plastic straw r cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Vn Wng wants yu t knw that it des. He builds massive sculptures ut f plastic garbage, frcing viewers t re-examine their relatinship t single-use plastic prducts.(但一根塑料吸管或一个塑料杯真的有什么区别吗？艺术家本杰明·冯·王(Benjamin Vn Wng)想让你知道，它确实如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。)”和倒数第二段“In a piece frm 2018, Vn Wng wanted t illustrate(说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 secnds, a trucklad’s wrth f plastic enters the cean. Fr this wrk, titled “Trucklad f Plastic,” Vn Wng and a grup f vlunteers cllected mre than 10,000 pieces f plastic, which were then tied tgether t lk like they’d been dumped(倾倒) frm a truck all at nce.(在2018年的一个作品中，冯·王(Vn Wng)想要说明一个具体的统计数字：每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。这项名为“一卡车塑料”的作品，冯·王和一组志愿者收集了一万多块塑料，然后把它们绑在一起，让它们看起来像是同时从卡车上倾倒下来的。)”可知艺术家本杰明·冯·王(Benjamin Vn Wng)通过利用塑料垃圾制作巨型雕塑的方法来提示人们重新思考与一次性塑料的关系，唤醒和提高人们循环利用的意识，促进环保的发展。由此可知，D项“海洋塑料变成雕塑”符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选D项。
考点2概括文章大意 1.C【2022·全国甲卷】As Ginni Bazlintn reached Antarctica, she fund herself greeted by a grup f little Gent penguins(企鹅) lnging t say hell. These gentle, lvely gatekeepers welcmed her and kick-started what was t be a trip Ginni wuld never frget.Ever since her childhd, Ginni, nw 71, has had a deep lve fr travel. Thrughut her career(职业) as a prfessinal dancer, she tured in the UK, but always lnged t explre further. When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time t take the plunge.After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began t travel the wrld, eventually getting wrk teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discvered she culd get last-minute cheap deals n ships ging t Antarctica frm the islands ff Tierra del Fueg, the suthernmst tip f the Suth American mainland. “I just decided wanted t g,” she says. “I had n idea abut what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervus, I just wanted t d it. And I wanted t d it alne as I always prefer it that way.”In March 2008, Ginni barded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met befre, t begin the jurney twards Antarctica. “Frm seeing the wildlife t witnessing sunrises, the whle experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impressin n me that n ther place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rse ut f the water like sme prehistric creature and I thught it was smiling at us. Yu culd still hear the peratic sunds it was making underwater.”The realizatin that this is a precius land, t be respected by humans, was ne f the biggest things that hit hme t Ginni.31. What is the text mainly abut?A. A childhd dream.B. An unfrgettable experience.C. Sailing arund the wrld.D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了71岁的Ginni Balintn从小就热爱旅行，渴望探险，她周游世界，并从2008年开始前往南极洲的旅行。31. B主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的“These gentle, lvely gatekeepers welcmed her and kick-started what was t be a trip Ginni wuld never frget.”和倒数第二段中的“Frm seeing the wildlife t witnessing sunrises, the whle experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impressin n me that n ther place has”可知，文章主要介绍了71岁的Ginni Balintn的难忘的南极洲之旅。故选B。
2. B【2020·全国新课标II】Sme parents will buy any high-tech ty if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.Psychlgist Susan Levine, an expert n mathematics develpment in yung children the University f Chicag, fund children wh play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develp better spatial skills. Puzzle play was fund t be a significant predictr f cgnitin(认知) after cntrlling fr differences in parents’ incme, educatin and the amunt f parent talk, Levine said.The researchers analyzed vide recrdings f 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at hme and fund children wh play with puzzles between 26 and 46 mnths f age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 mnths f age.“The children wh played with puzzles perfrmed better than thse wh did nt, n tasks that assessed their ability t rtate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.The parents were asked t interact with their children as they nrmally wuld, and abut half f children in the study played with puzzles at ne time. Higher-incme parents tended t have children play with puzzles mre frequently, and bth bys and girls wh played with puzzles had better spatial skills. Hwever, bys tended t play with mre cmplex puzzles than girls, and the parents f bys prvided mre spatial language and were mre active during puzzle play than parents f girls.The findings were published in the jurnal Develpmental Science.24227．What is the text mainly abut?A．A mathematical methd.B．A scientific study.C．A wman psychlgistD．A teaching prgram.【答案】27．B【解析】本文是说明文。是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。27．主旨大意题。本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。所以是关于科学研究的。B. A scientific study(一项科学研究)符合以上说法，故选B项。
3.C【2020·全国新课标III】With the yung unable t affrd t leave hme and the ld at risk f islatin(孤独), mre families are chsing t live tgether.The drway t peace and quiet, fr Nick Bright at least, leads straight t his mther-in-law, she lives n the grund flr, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their tw daughters.Fur years ag they all mved int a three-strey Victrian huse in Bristl — ne f a grwing number f multigeneratinal families in the UK living tgether under the same rf. They share a frnt dr and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her wn kitchen, bathrm, bedrm and living rm n the grund flr.“We flated the idea t my mum f sharing at a huse,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spke mre with Nick because I think it’s a big thing fr Nick t live with his mther-in-law.”And what des Nick think? “Frm my standpint, it all seems t wrk very well. Wuld I recmmend it? Yes, I think I wuld.”It’s hard t tell exactly hw many peple agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising fr sme time. Official reprts suggest that the number f husehlds with three generatins living tgether had risen frm 325,000 in 2002 t 419,000 in 2013.Other varieties f multigeneratinal family are mre cmmn. Sme peple live with their elderly parents; many mre adult children are returning t the family hme, if they ever left. It is said that abut 20% f 25-34-year-lds live with their parents, cmpared with 16% in 1991.The ttal number f all multigeneratinal husehlds in Britain is thught t be abut 1.8 millin.Stries like that are mre cmmn in parts f the wrld where multigeneratinal living is mre firmly rted. In India, particularly utside cities, yung wmen are expected t mve in with their husband’s family when they get married.31831. What is the text mainly abut?A. Lifestyles in different cuntries.B. Cnflicts between generatins.C. A husing prblem in Britain.D. A rising trend f living in the UK.【答案】31.D【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起，出现了多世同堂的现象。31.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“With the yung unable t affrd t leave hme and the ld at risk f islatin(孤独), mre families are chsing t live tgether.”可知，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。所以短文主要是关于英国生活方式的一种上升趋势。故选D项。
考点3总结段落大意1.D【2022·新高考I卷】Human speech cntains mre than 2,000 different sunds, frm the cmmn “m” and “a” t the rare clicks f sme suthern African languages. But why are certain sunds mre cmmn than thers? A grund-breaking, five-year study shws that diet-related changes in human bite led t new speech sunds that are nw fund in half the wrld’s languages. Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f” and “v”, were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds. Nw a team f researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse. They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard t prduce labidentals, which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth. Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure (结构), making it easier t prduce such sunds.The team shwed that this change in bite was cnnected with the develpment f agriculture in the Nelithic perid. Fd became easier t chew at this pint. The jawbne didn’t have t d as much wrk and s didn’t grw t be s large.Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.This research verturns the ppular view that all human speech sunds were present when human beings evlved arund 300,000 years ag. ”The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,“ said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.
14. What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?A. Supprting evidence fr the research results.B. Ptential applicatin f the research findings.C. A further explanatin f the research methds.D. A reasnable dubt abut the research prcess.【答案】 14. A 【解析】本篇是一篇说明文。主要介绍因为饮食的改变导致了现在在世界上一半的语言中发现了新的语音。14. A主旨大意题。根据文章第五段中的“Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the s Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v”increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.（对语言数据库的分析也证实，在新石器时代之后，世界语言的发音发生了全球性的变化，在过去几千年里，“f”和“v”的使用显著增加。这些声音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然没有发现）”可知，第五段主要是通过列明数据分析结果来进一步证明研究结果。故选A。
2.D【2022·全国甲卷】Smetime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discvered its harbr. Then, ne after anther, Sydney discvered lts f things that were just srt f there — brad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse ppulatin. But it is the harbr that makes the city.Andrew Reynlds, a cheerful fellw in his early 30s, pilts Sydney ferrybats fr a living. I spent the whle mrning shuttling back and frth acrss the harbr. After ur third run Andrew shut dwn the engine, and we went ur separate ways — he fr a lunch break, I t explre the city.“I’ll miss these ld bats,” he said as we parted.“Hw d yu mean?” I asked.“Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re nt s elegant, and they’re nt fun t pilt. But that’s prgress, I guess.”Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and prgress are the watchwrds (口号), and traditins are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s fficial histrian, tld me that in its rush t mdernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much f its past, including many f its finest buildings. “Sydney is cnfused abut itself,” she said. “We can’t seem t make up ur minds whether we want a mdern city r a traditinal ne. It’s a cnflict that we aren’t getting any better at reslving (解决).”On the ther hand, being yung and ld at the same time has its attractins. I cnsidered this when I met a thughtful yung businessman named Anthny. “Many peple say that we lack culture in this cuntry,” he tld me. “What peple frget is that the Italians, when they came t Australia, brught 2000 years f their culture, the Greeks sme 3000 years, and the Chinese mre still. We’ve gt a fundatin built n ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism f a yung cuntry. It’s a pretty hard cmbinatin t beat.”He is right, but I can’t help wishing they wuld keep thse ld ferries.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?A. Sydney’s striking architecture.B. The cultural diversity f Sydney.C. The key t Sydney’s develpment.D. Sydney’s turist attractins in the 1960s.【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章作者和悉尼人士的交流反映了悉尼发展中面临的问题——发展为一个传统文化城市还是现代化城市。32. C主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的“Smetime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discvered its harbr. 20世纪60年代初，澳大利亚悉尼发生了一件大事。这座城市发现了它的港口 ”以及“But it is the harbr that makes the city. 正是港口造就了这个城市”可知，本段的大意是悉尼发展的关键是港口。故选C。
3.B【2021·全国高考乙卷】When almst everyne has a mbile phne, why are mre than half f Australian hmes still paying fr a landline（座机）?These days yu’d be hard pressed t find anyne in Australia ver the age f 15 wh desn’t wn a mbile phne. In fact plenty f yunger kids have ne in their pcket. Practically everyne can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime. Still, 55 percent f Australians have a landline phne at hme and nly just ver a quarter （29%） rely nly n their smartphnes accrding t a survey （调查）. Of thse Australians wh still have a landline, a third cncede that it’s nt really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies. I think my hme falls int that categry. Mre than half f Australian hmes are still chsing t stick with their hme phne. Age is naturally a factr（因素）— nly 58 percent f Generatin Ys still use landlines nw and then, cmpared t 84 percent f Baby Bmers wh’ve perhaps had the same hme number fr 50 years. Age isn’t the nly factr; I’d say it’s als t d with the makeup f yur husehld. Generatin Xers with yung families, like my wife and I, can still find it cnvenient t have a hme phne rather than prviding a mbile phne fr every family member. That said, t be hnest the nly peple wh ever ring ur hme phne are ur Baby Bmers parents, t the pint where we play a game and guess wh is calling befre we pick up the phne（using Caller ID wuld take the fun ut f it）. Hw attached are yu t yur landline? Hw lng until they g the way f gas street lamps and mrning milk deliveries?
24．What des paragraph 2 mainly tell us abut mbile phnes?A．Their target users.B．Their wide ppularity.C．Their majr functins.D．Their cmplex design.【答案】24．B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚使用固定电话的情况，并且表达了固定电话是非必需品的观点。24．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“These days yu'd be hard pressed t find anyne in Australia ver the age f 15 wh desn't wn a mbile phne. In fact plenty f yunger kids have ne in their pcket. Practically everyne can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime. (现在你很难在澳大利亚找到15岁以上的没有手机的人。事实上，很多年幼的孩子口袋里都有手机。几乎每个人都可以随时随地拨打和接听电话)”可推知，本段主要说明手机在澳大利亚广受欢迎。故选B项。
【高考预测】纵观近几年全国高考试题，预测2023年全国高考试题还会①Ⅰ卷在选材上继续保持知识性和趣味性，语篇长度适中，题材与体裁广泛，彰显文化特色，重点考查考生快速获取、处理、分析信息的能力。细节理解题占总量的60%左右，难度与上年持平，预计难度系数0.6。②Ⅱ卷文章体裁继续延续记叙文和说明文占主体的局面，另有一篇议论文和一篇广告类说明文。题型以细节理解题为主，推理判断题略有所增加，词义猜测题1题左右。【解密考场】——课堂讲解突破关键能力 主旨要义解密①如何精确归纳标题？【解题中发现规律】【山东省百校联盟大联考2022-2023学年高三上学期12月月考】BHusemates make psters t lighten the md amid the challenges f the nging COVID-19 utbreak. Psters featuring a character that resembles the Disney rbt Baymax have been making runds n the internet and drawing praise frm netizens fr lightening the md amid the epidemic.Made by Chen Mengying, 32, and her American husemate Stacey Klinge, 33, the psters als feature humrus phrases related t lckdwn life. The du (搭档), wh live in Tianyuan husing cmmunity, say they came up with the pster after realizing hw tense the md in their cmmunity had becme as it faced lckdwn challenges. Accrding t Chen and Klinge, their cmmunity, which has been under clsed-lp (闭环) management since April 1, has had prblems getting access t daily essentials, and this sparked several disagreements between residents and the management. Eager t help lighten the md, the tw sught t spread sme cheer using their artistic skills.
Klinge says she was initially cnfused with her husemate’s suggestin t create a character based n dabai, a Chinese reference t pandemic wrkers in white prtective suits. Chen says she was thinking abut Baymax frm the animated film Big Her 6. Seeing hw Baymax and the wrkers bth play the rle f prtectrs in their respective wrlds, the tw decided t use the character fr their psters. Their psters, which cntain multilingual updates abut the latest pandemic measures and annuncements fr residents, have helped peple develp a sense f ptimism.The psters have als drawn the attentin f several lcal media utlets, which have interviewed the tw. “I was seriusly cnsidering a return t the United States. But I’ve changed my mind after my fantastic experience in the cmmunity,” says Klinge. Besides creating the psters, Chen and Klinge have als been vlunteering in the cmmunity since April 16 and they always fcus n psitive things at this difficult time.7．What can be the best title fr the passage?A．Design a Sense f CheerB．Create a New LifestyleC．Lk n the Bright SideD．Face the Lckdwn Challenges【答案】 7．A【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。讲述了在疫情封闭期间，两个小女孩做海报来鼓励人们的故事。7．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段话“Husemates make psters t lighten the md amid the challenges f the nging COVID-19 utbreak.(在新冠肺炎疫情的挑战下，室友们制作海报来缓解情绪。)”可知，这两位室友做了个海报鼓励疫情期间封闭的人们，A项“设计一种快乐的感觉”符合文意，故选A项。
【我的发现】规律方法1： 如何精确归纳标题？1、利用主题段来概括标题主题段一般在文章的第一段和最后一段，一般来说第一段经常提出文章的主题或最后一段总结文章的主题，知道了文章的主题也就知道了文章的中心，把中心概括成一句话或一个短语——文章的标题。2、利用主题句来概括标题解题的关键是要抓住每一段的首尾句，要注意贯穿文章始终的词语。通过寻找文章的主题句，并对主题句进行概括和提炼，从而确定文章的标题。做此类题时，要避免以下三种错误：(1)概括不够(多表现为部分替代整体，从而缩小了范围)；(2)过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围)；(3)以事实、细节替代文章大意。【变式精讲】【辽宁省名校联盟2022-2023学年高三12月联考】DFd waste is bth a prblem fr the industry and public health. Mri is cnsidered as an “anti-waste cmpany” and its missin is t make healthy fd mre accessible by keeping it fresher and lnger. It is pineering a natural, extremely-thin water-based cating that is applied t fd t slw the exchange f gases that cause the fd t g bad. Abut the thickness f tw red bld cells, the cating is tasteless and unseeable, giving fd a lnger shelf life. The cating als enables less r alternative packaging.
Prfessrs Firenz Omenett and Benedett Marelli were investigating the pwer f silk t stabilize drugs when Marelli had the idea t stabilize smething significantly larger: a strawberry. He cated the fruit with a silk slutin and waited. Days later the strawberry still lked fresh—the cating wrked.When ne cmpares a bunch f uncated cabbage with thse cated by the startup, the differences are striking. The uncated cabbage is brwn, dry, and uneatable. The cated fds lk fresh and untuched.What appears t be magic is thanks t the pwer f silk. Nt silk threads like thse used in the textile (纺织) industry, but a water-based slutin made with silk mlecules (分子). The startup’s cre technlgy makes silk unseeable, but maintains its key mlecular prperties. Being a slutin, the patent cating can be applied quickly and easily t any shape r size.The technlgy Mri has develped wrks. But t make any prgress in the glbal fd waste prblem, it must be able t cme ut in a massive way. Thankfully, silk is plentiful. The startup can use any grade f the natural material, including thse rejected by the textile industry. As Marelli ntes, “We culd cat every apple in the U. S. tday fr nly a small amunt f the silk used in textile industry.” That’s a lt f apples.15．What is the suitable title f the text?A．Cated Vegetables Are Mre Suitable fr EatingB．Measures Have Been Taken t Handle Fd WasteC．Prfessrs Have Develped New Medicine frm VegetablesD．A Natural Cating Reduces Fd and Packaging Waste【答案】15．D【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。Mri被认为是一家“反浪费公司”，其使命是通过保持食品更新鲜、更长久，让人们更容易获得健康食品。它开创了一种天然材料做成的涂料，用于食品，使食物的保质期更长，该涂层还能够实现更少或替代的包装。15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Mri is cnsidered as an “anti-waste cmpany” and its missin is t make healthy fd mre accessible by keeping it fresher and lnger. It is pineering a natural, extremely-thin water-based cating that is applied t fd t slw the exchange f gases that cause the fd t g bad.”（Mri被认为是一家“反浪费公司”，它的使命是通过保持食物更新鲜更长久。它开创了一种天然的，极薄的水溶性涂层，应用于食物以减缓导致食物变质的气体交换。）可知，本文是要介绍新型涂料用于保鲜食物和反对包装浪费。故选D项。
解密②如何归纳文章大意【解题中发现规律】【安徽省皖北五校2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考】I was brn in Karachị, Pakistan. After cmpleting my bachelr’s degree in MBBS, I gt a schlarship in 2016 frm China Schlarship Cuncil t d a master’s in Neursurgery at Sutheast University Nanjing, China. I culdn’t wait t start my pstgraduate study in China. In my first year. I learned the Chinese language, and passed the HSK level 5. It helped me a lt as a vlunteer during the COVID-19 pandemic(流行病).In February 2020, when the COVID-19 pandemic was n peak, the schl chse me as a vlunteer. which was a great hnr fr me. It was challenging t decide whether I shuld stay here r g back hme because my family frced me t return hme. At that time, I thught I must stand ut in this critical mment s I was handed a lt f respnsibilities related t the students’ daily needs.Every day, I had t take an rder frm students fr their dinners and brught fd fr them. Besides, I had t recrd their temperatures three times a day, fr which the universities had given a thermmeter(温度计) t them all. Smetimes if. a student felt sick, it was my respnsibility t accmpany him t the hspital. Als, I had t g t the supermarket t bring grceries fr them、 fr which I had t ask every individual the daily necessities they needed. I prvided psychlgical assistance, emtinal cmfrt, and cunseling t them. As the pandemic was getting better, I must stay at the drmitry gate t ensure that the students were wearing masks, having the permissin cards t g ut, and request them t cme back n time.It has sharpened my skills in becming in better fender and develped n sense f pride in cntributing t cmmunity.
7．What message des the authr cnvey in the text?A．Tw heads are better than ne.B．It’s easier said than dne.C．Rses given, fragrance in hand.D．Gd helps thse wh help themselves.【答案】 7．C【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。叙述了巴基斯坦的留学生疫情期间在中国做志愿者的故事。7．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“It has sharpened my skills in becming in better fender and develped n sense f pride in cntributing t cmmunity.(它提高了我成为更好的防御者的技能，并培养了为社区做出贡献的自豪感。)”可知，在中国做志愿者使作者的防御技能得到了提升，也培养了为社区服务的自豪感，这就是“赠人玫瑰，手留余香”的最佳诠释。故选C项。【我的发现】规律方法：如何概括文章大意?1、做概括文章大意题时，有效的方法就是辨认主题句。主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点，文章的中心思想往往是每段主题句的综合。若文章无主题句，这就需要我们依据文中的事实、细节、观点去进行分析、推断和归纳，从而概括出文章大意。2、在选择答案时，根据自己总结的大意，就可以用排除法将干扰项逐个排除。【变式精讲】
【2023届四川省资阳市高中高三上学期第一次诊断性考试】Language is the bridge that cnnects peple everywhere. On April 20, peple arund the wrld celebrated the United Natins Chinese Language Day. T mark the ccasin, the UN Office at Geneva, Switzerland, rganized the first Chinese Language Vide Festival (CLVF).Participants frm 27 cuntries, including the US, the UK, France, Germany, Italy and Japan, tk part in the ne-hur special event, sharing their passin fr the Chinese language and culture thrugh shrt vides. Over 340 vide submissins (提交) tld tuching stries abut a civilized, mdern and yuthful China thrugh participants’ persnal experiences in the cuntry.Thugh sme peple find the language difficult t learn, mst find it t be rewarding.Fr M. Yusaf frm Pakistan, learning Chinese gave him a better perspective (视角) and insight int the culture. “Learning Chinese is nt just learning a language. It’s a language f ne f the biggest ppulatins in the wrld,” Yusaf said. “If yu knw this language, yu knw the civilizatin and mind f the peple.”Of curse the language itself is unique, particularly cnsidering it’s tnal (音调的) fundatin. “Tnes are imprtant because a lt f Chinese syllables (音节) sund similar r even the same — the tne changes their meaning,” said Mike Fuksman, an American living in Beijing.T remember Chinese characters, yu can cnnect them with pictures and make sme shrt stries. Many peple find it is imprtant t use imaginatin when learning Chinese. Fr example, the Chinese character fr “tea” has sme lines f grass, the rf f a huse and peple drinking tea.Learning any language cmes with benefits, particularly fr thse wh are always lking t learn mre. Since sme languages have “lanwrds (外来词)” frm Chinese, it may be easier fr ne t pick up Krean r Japanese after studying Chinese. “It helped me s much when I started learning Japanese,” said Yerdana.
11．What is the text mainly abut?A．The methd f learning Chinese.B．Hw t write Chinese characters well.C．The benefits f learning freign cultures.D．A new festival and sme stries abut learning Chinese.【答案】 11．D【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了联合国驻瑞士日内瓦办事处举办了首届中文影像节来庆祝联合国中文日，来自27个国家的人们参加了这次特殊活动，并通过视频的方式分享了他们学习汉语的经历和想法。11．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“On April 20, peple arund the wrld celebrated the United Natins Chinese Language Day. T mark the ccasin, the UN Office at Geneva, Switzerland, rganized the first Chinese Language Vide Festival (CLVF).(4月20日，全世界人民庆祝联合国中文日。为纪念这一节日，联合国驻瑞士日内瓦办事处举办了首届中文影像节)”及下文介绍可知，文章主要介绍了一个新节日和一些关于学习汉语的故事。故选D。解密③如何归纳段落大意【解题中发现规律】【山东省百校联盟大联考2022-2023学年高三上学期12月月考】CA newly develped dispsable paper battery prmises t make a big impact n single-use electrnics. The battery that has been demnstrated by researchers is bidegradable (可生物降解的), made frm sustainable materials, and cheap t put tgether. What’s mre, it can be prduced in a variety f shapes and sizes as needed.T give an idea f the pwer, a tw-cell battery was enugh t pwer an LCD alarm clck. While it wn’t be charging up yur cmputer anytime sn, there’s lts f ptential fr lw-pwered sensrs. “We present a printed paper battery develped t pwer single-use dispsable electrnics and t reduce their envirnmental impact t the lwest level,” write the researchers in their published paper.
The battery is based n a metal-air electrchemical cell. Made frm sdium chlride salt-diffused (氯化钠盐扩散的) paper, it can measure as little as ne square centimeter, and is based n printed inks. All that’s needed, then, is a small amunt f water, as little as tw drps. This disslves the salts within the paper, and then activates the battery as they travel. The battery starts prducing pwer arund 20 secnds after water is added, accrding t the experiments carried ut by the team.Althugh the perfrmance decreases ver time as the paper dries ut, it can be tpped up t sme extent with mre water. The researchers say they want t imprve the efficiency f the battery in the future, and get it wrking fr lnger.“With a rising awareness f the e-waste prblem and the emergence f single-use electrnics fr applicatins, there is a grwing need fr lw envirnmental impact batteries,” write the researchers.9．What des paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?A．Hw the paper battery wrks.B．What the paper battery cnsists f.C．Why the paper battery is ppular.D．Where the paper battery can be applied.【答案】 9．A 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一种新开发的一次性纸电池。9．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“The battery is based n a metal-air electrchemical cell. Made frm sdium chlride salt-diffused (氯化钠盐扩散的) paper, it can measure as little as ne square centimeter, and is based n printed inks. All that’s needed, then, is a small amunt f water, as little as tw drps. This disslves the salts within the paper, and then activates the battery as they travel(这种电池是基于金属—空气电化学电池。它由氯化钠盐扩散纸制成，最小可达一平方厘米，并以印刷油墨为基础。那么，所需要的只是少量的水，只有两滴。这会溶解纸中的盐，然后在它们移动的过程中激活电池)”可知，本段主要讲解的是纸电池的工作原理。故选A。【我的发现】规律方法：如何总结段落大意？段落大意即某一段的中心思想，通常中心思想会在首句体现出来，这就是常说的段落主题句。主题句具有鲜明的概括性，句子结构简单，段落中其他句子均用来解释、支撑或扩展主题句所表达的主题思想。主题句通常位于段首，也可位于段尾、段中。有时作者没有写出明显的主题句，要学会根据段落内容去概括主题句。
【变式精讲】【辽宁省名校联盟2022-2023学年高三12月联考】BThe Clrad 8-year-ld will set ut Tuesday t becme the yungest persn t reach the tp f El Capitan in Califrnia’s Ysemite Natinal Park. He will climb the rck face with the help f the hanging rpes. The jurney is expected t take fur days “f hanging frm yur fingers r hanging frm yur anchrs(锚),” Sam’s dad Je Baker tld CNN’s Fredricka Whitfield n Sunday. They’ll camp ne night n the tp f El Capitan.Sam and Je Baker will climb in a fur-persn team. It is a Class 5 climb, the highest and mst difficult f classificatins. The rutes are fr expert climbers wh train regularly and have a lt f natural ability.“Sam has been training t take n El Capitan every day fr the last at least 18 mnths,” his father said. In additin t physical training, planning hw much equipment-including 200 punds f water-t take fr the daylng hike is amng the challenges. “Yu can’t just turn n the water,” Je said. “Yu have t carry it with yu.”While making it t the tp f El Capitan wuld set recrds, that’s nt Sam’s mtivatin fr attempting the climb. “I’m mst excited t climb with Daddy,” Sam tld CNN.Hanging frm the rck face thusands f feet in the air, the climbers will dine n lasagna (意面) they ck frm little packets n a gas stve. Sam is als planning a mvie night while pausing frm the side f the rck. In additin t his climbing accmplishments, Sam is getting really gd at chess, s a travel chess set will be alng fr the climb t.Aside frm the lasagna, watching a mvie and playing chess, Sam said “getting t the tp” is his favrite part f climbing.Je and his wife fell in lve while climbing, and Sam did well in a climbing harness (背带) “befre he culd walk”. When he was 6, Sam tk n Lst Arrw Spire, a three-pitch climb that starts 2, 500 feet abve Ysemite Valley. Only ne ther 6-year-ld-wrld-class prfessinal climber Tmmy Caldwell, had ever dne it.
5．What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?A．Sam’s advantages as a climber.B．Difficulties Sam will encunter.C．Sam’s hbbies besides climbing.D．Things Sam will d while climbing.【答案】 5．D【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。科罗拉多州的8岁Sam将于周二出发，成为登上加利福尼亚州约塞米蒂国家公园El Capitan山顶的最年轻的人。5．主旨大意题。根据第五段“Hanging frm the rck face thusands f feet in the air, the climbers will dine n lasagna (意面) they ck frm little packets n a gas stve. Sam is als planning a mvie night while pausing frm the side f the rck. In additin t his climbing accmplishments, Sam is getting really gd at chess, s a travel chess set will be alng fr the climb t.(登山者们悬挂在数千英尺高的岩壁上，吃着他们在煤气炉上用小袋子煮的意面。Sam也在计划一个电影之夜，同时从岩石的一侧停下来。除了攀岩的成就，Sam还非常擅长下棋，所以他也会带一套旅行象棋。)”可知，本段讲述了爬山过程中Sam要做的三件事：吃面、看电影和下棋。故选D。
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