专题38.非谓语动词考点运用（原卷版+解析版）

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目标导航
非谓语动词是高中英语语法中的重要部分，是语法填空和短文改错的必考项目。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、分词(现在分词、过去分词)、动名词，在句子中可以作除谓语以外的其他成分。非谓语动词常考点主要为：动词不定式的功能，现在分词和过去分词的用法区别及非谓语动词的时态、语态、省略等。该项内容考查考生在具体语言环境中理解句子结构、分析句子成分的能力。
(一)考点练悟(用所给词的适当形式填空)
A study 1.________ (publish) in September suggests there is a 2.________ (surprise) way t get peple 3.________ (avid) unhealthy fds: change their memries. Scientist Elizabeth Lftus f the University f Califrnia at Irvine asked vlunteers 4.________ (answer) sme questins n their persnalities and fd experiences. “One week later” Lftus says, “5.________ (feed) the peple, we tld them t type their answers int ur smart cmputer and it came up with an accunt f their early childhd experiences.” Sme accunts included ne key additinal detail. 6.________ (tell) that they had gt sick after 7.________ (eat) strawberry ice­cream, the researchers then changed this detail int a manufactured (人为促成的) memry thrugh 8.________ (lead) questins — Wh were yu with? Hw did yu feel? By the end f the study, up t 41% f thse 9.________ (give) a false memry believed strawberry ice­cream nce made them sick, and many said they'd avid 10.________ (eat) it.
动词的-ing形式
Reading① is ne f Xia Meng’s hbbies.Since she was a child，she has been dreaming f becming② a writer.Last mnth，she read a bk describing③ lve between a bss and a sleeping④ beauty—a girl whse gift is slving⑤ difficult prblems in her dreams.Her clleagues ften fund her slving⑥ prblems while sleeping⑦ sundly.The bk is very interesting⑤.Xia Meng really enjys reading② the nvel and imagines slving② difficult prblems in her wn dreams.
动词的-ed形式
Drpped① n the grund，the cellphne’s screen was brken；thugh seen① in the distance，it still lked OK.Xia Ming had t get it repaired②.Hwever，t repair such a brken③ cellphne needed a lt f mney.Xia Ming was really wrried④.
动词的不定式
Xia Ming wants t play① cellphne games every day and his dream is t play② vide games fr three days and nights cntinuusly.But he has s much hmewrk t d③.In rder t have④ a chance t play③ cellphne games，Xia Ming decides t study① hard t get④a high scre.He really hpes that his father will allw him t play⑤ cellphne games every day.T btain⑥ such a chance is nt easy.
(二)快捷技法
思考趋向1 填非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语的相应形式
提示词是动词时，分析句子成分已有谓语动词且没有连词，则考虑填非谓语动词形式。再通过分析句子成分若是缺少主语或宾语，则考虑填动名词或不定式；若缺少表语，则需要考虑填动名词、不定式或分词。
[解题规则]
1．非谓语动词作主语
一般情况下，动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作；而不定式作主语表示一次性的或具体的动作。若不定式、动名词作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而把作真正主语的不定式或动名词后置。另外，不定式作主语时通常指将要发生的动作，动名词作主语则表示已经完成的动作。
2．非谓语动词作表语
动名词作表语时，说明主语的性质或特征。
不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作，或表示将来的动作。
1. (learn) t think critically is an imprtant skill tday’s children will need fr the future.
2.It tk him a lng time (acquire) the skills he needed t becme a gd dancer.
3. (travel)alng the ld Silk Rad is an interesting and rewarding experience.
4. (ignre) the difference between the tw research findings will be ne f the wrst mistakes yu make.
5.It is wrth (check) if the writer f an nline piece is prperly qualified as an expert.
6.She was ding well and she deserved t get (pay)mre and t receive sme extra mney fr the new year.
7.First f all, (becme)aware f what causes yur wrry will help t reduce the stress.
8.We take care f patients f all ages. There is n type f injury, medical, r surgical cnditin that we are nt (equip) t care fr.
9.They ften seem (dislike) being questined.
3．非谓语动词作宾语
(1)不定式作宾语
下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀。
此外，affrd, strive, happen, wait, threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。
(2)动名词作宾语
①下列动词(词组)常接动名词作宾语
②下列短语常接动名词作宾语
be used/accustmed t, lead t, devte t, g back t, stick t, bject t, get dwn t, pay attentin t, can't stand (无法忍受), give up, feel like, insist n, thank yu fr, aplgize fr, be busy(in), have difficulty/truble(in), have a gd/wnderful/hard time(in), spend time(in)。
(3)另外，有些动词或动词短语后面接不定式与接动名词意义不同
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(g n ding sth.继续做同一件事,g n t d sth. 做完某事后继续做另一件事))
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(stp ding sth.停止做某事,stp t d sth.停下来去做另一件事))
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(try ding sth.试着做某事,try t d sth.尽力做某事但不一定成功，努力地做某事))
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(mean ding sth.意味着做某事,mean t d sth.打算做某事))
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(can't help ding sth.禁不住做某事,can't help t d sth.不能帮忙做某事))
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(regret ding sth.对已做的事表示后悔,regret t d sth.对要做的事表示遗憾))
1.I didn’t mean (eat)anything but the ice cream lked s gd that I culdn’t help trying it.
2.A quick review f successes and failures at the end f year will help (shape) yur year ahead.
3.I had as much fun sailing the seas as I nw d (wrk)with students.
4.Have yu ever failed (start) yur jurney fr the reasn f time and mney?
5.The by kept (ride). He was carrying smething ver his shulder and shuting.
6.Many f them even ludly blamed the king fr nt keeping the rads clear, but nne f them wuld bther (get) the big stne ut f the way.
7.Nw, it nt nly devtes itself t (sell) bks, but cmbines the functins f the bkstre, café and sale f the creative cultural prducts.
8.But if yu d find it difficult (fall) asleep r stay asleep at night, then yu shuld avid naps and try t build up that healthy sleepiness in the evening.
思考趋向2 填非谓语动词作定语的相应形式
提示词为动词，通过分析确定填非谓语动词时，若所填非谓语动词修饰某个名词或代词时，则需要考虑所填词作定语。此时需要考虑动名词、不定式和分词。
[解题规则]
表示被动、完成用过去分词(dne)；表示主动、进行用现在分词(ding)；表示被动、进行用being dne；表示被动的动作尚未进行用t be dne。
点津：表示心理状态的动词­ing形式，意为“令人……的”；动词­ed形式，意为“(人)感到……的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的lk, expressin, tears, smile, vice等名词。
1.Mst clleges nw ffer first-year students a curse specially (design)t help them succeed academically and persnally.
2.I was watching the clck all thrugh the meeting,as I had a train (catch).
3.Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time (spend) with his students.
4.T return t the prblem f water pllutin, I’d like yu t lk at a study (cnduct)in Australia in 2012.
5.In art criticism, yu must assume the artist has a secret message (hide)within the wrk.
6.The park was full f peple, (enjy) themselves in the sunshine.
7.Emperr Qinshihuang made the seven majr states int ne (unite) cuntry where the Chinese writing system began t develp in ne directin.
8.The wrkers ften wrked 17 hurs a day and had n time (learn) English.
9.It targets highly educated readers and claims an audience (cntain)many influential executives and plicy-makers.
10.Cha,better (knw) by his pen name Jin Yng, died n Tuesday at the Hng Kng Sanatrium & Hspital at age 94.
11.Designated a “City f Design” by UNESCO in 2008, Shenzhen was the first city in China (present) an fficial strategy arund creative develpment.
12.She was lucky because her heater wrked and she culd pay her (heat) bills.
思考趋向3 填非谓语动词作宾语补足语的相应形式
提示词为动词，通过分析确定填非谓语动词时，若所填非谓语动词对句子宾语起到补充说明的作用，则需要考虑所填词作宾语补足语。此时需要考虑分词和不定式。
[解题规则]
1．不定式作宾语补足语
常用不定式作宾语补足语的动词：advise, allw, appint, believe, cause, challenge, cmmand, cmpel, cnsider, declare, drive, enable, encurage, frbid, frce, hire, instruct, invite, judge, knw, like, rder, permit等。
2．现在分词作宾语补足语
常用现在分词作宾语补足语的词语：feel, find, hear, ntice, bserve, see, watch, listen t, lk at, get, have, keep, leave, send, set等。
特别提醒：使役动词get, have既可以用现在分词作宾语补足语，也可以用不定式作宾语补足语。get sb.t d sth./have sb.d sth.表示“使/让某人去做某事”；have sb./sth.ding表示“使/让某人/物一直做某事”，侧重动作的持续进行；get sb./sth.ding表示“使某人/物开始行动起来”，侧重动作的开始。
3．过去分词作宾语补足语
常用过去分词作宾语补足语的动词：have, make, get, find, see, ntice, watch, hear, feel, want, like等。
思考趋向4 填非谓语动词作状语的相应形式
提示词为动词，通过分析确定填非谓语动词时，若所填非谓语动词在句子中不作主语、宾语、表语或定语，则需要考虑所填词作状语。此时只需考虑分词和不定式即可。
1.China’s image is imprving steadily, with mre cuntries (recgnize) its rle in internatinal affairs.
2.I need a new passprt s I will have t have my phtgraph (take).
3.Back frm his tw-year medical service in Africa,Dr.Lee was very happy t see his mther (take) gd care f at hme.
4.Listening t music at hme is ne thing,ging t hear it (perfrm) live is quite anther.
5.One day, he had a huge rck (place) n a radway at night.
6.After drinking a cup f tea, she fund herself cmpletely (refresh), and she even praised it as a cure fr all ills.
7.Appraches t learning Chinese vary frm persn t persn, with mre and mre peple (chse) university curses in Russia.
8.Sme students will feel a grwing sense f fear with the exam seasn (apprach)while thers may appear fairly calm.
9.Mdern adverts began t appear in the 18th and 19th centuries, since advances in printing techniques allwed mre detailed images (prduce) in newspapers and magazines.
10.He watched a spider (make) a web.
[解题规则]
1．分词作状语
分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，一般在句中作时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随等状语。
(1)现在分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是由句子主语执行的，它们之间是主动关系。现在分词的完成式即having dne表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
(2)过去分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间是被动关系。
(3)某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，此时这些过去分词表示一种状态。这样的词(短语)有：lst(迷路的), seated(坐), lst/absrbed in(沉溺于), dressed in(穿着), tired f(感到厌烦), faced with(面对)等。
2．不定式作状语
不定式作状语主要用来表示目的，有时也可以表示结果、原因等。不定式作目的状语时，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in rder t, s as t等来替换，但s as t不能置于句首。
1. (enjy)the cnvenience f digital payment, many senir citizens started t use smart phnes.
2.A city is the prduct f the human hand and mind, (reflect)man’s intelligence and creativity.
3.During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members ften gather tgether (share) a meal, admire the mn and enjy mn cakes.
4.Ordinary sap, (use)crrectly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
5.Arund 13,500 new jbs were created during the perid, (exceed) the expected number f 12,000 held by market analysts.
6.Many airlines nw allw passengers t print their barding passes nline (save) their valuable time.
7.The hspital has recently btained new medical equipment, (allw) mre patients t be treated.
8. (make)it easier t get in tuch with us, yu’d better keep this card at hand.
9. (rder)ver a week ag, the bks are expected t arrive any time nw.
10.Newly-built wden cttages line the street, (turn)the ld twn int a dreamland.
11.The cling wind swept thrugh ur bedrm windws, (make)air cnditining unnecessary.
12.Much time (spend)sitting at a desk,ffice wrkers are generally trubled by health prblems.
13. (absrb)in painting,Jhn didn’t ntice evening appraching.
14. (wrk)fr tw days,Steve managed t finish his reprt n schedule.
15. (learn) mre abut Chinese culture,Jack has decided t take Chinese flk music as an elective curse.
16.When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an aplgetic smile,she std rted t the grund, (wnder) whether t stay r leave.
17.Like ancient sailrs,birds can find their way (use) the sun and the stars.
随堂练习
一
Nwadays, mre and mre Chinese are aware f fd waste issues. Even yung peple tend 1 (take) hme their leftvers when 2 (dine) ut, mst f whm wuld pack the dish in a dggie bag if the leftvers are still in gd shape and there are als a lt left, accrding t the survey 3 (cnduct) by China Yuth Daily. The peple 4 (bear) in the 1980s r 1990s believe that 5 (save) fd is a virtue.
Yung peple als gave their pinins n hw 6 (help) reduce fd waste. Sme advised restaurants 7 (ffer) the serving chpsticks, which wuld be helpful fr custmers 8 (pack) the leftvers. Others said it might be useful t prmte smaller r half-prtin dishes. Anther gd suggestin is that catering businesses give away cupns (优惠券) t custmers wh clear their plates at dinner.
China launched a campaign against fd waste in 2013 and renewed the call early this year 9 (create)an increasingly prsperus sciety. We can all play a part in 10 (reach) the natinal fd waste reductin gal—t reduce fd waste by 50% in the next 10 years.
1.t take 2.dining 3.cnducted 4.brn 5.saving 6.t help 7.t ffer 8.t pack 9.t create 10.reaching
二
The stry happened in ancient times. A king was s clever that he thught f a gd way 1 (test) whether his men were reliable.
One day, he had a huge rck 2 (place) n a radway at night. Then he hid himself nearby and watched carefully t see if anyne wuld remve the big rck. Sme wealthy businessmen and high fficials came by, but they simply walked arund it. Many f them even ludly blamed the king fr nt 3 (keep) the rads clear, but nne f them wuld bther 4 (get) the big stne ut f the way.
Then a villager came alng 5 (carry) a lad f vegetables. On appraching the big rck, he stpped and laid dwn his burden, 6 (try) hard t mve the stne t the side f the rad. After 7 (push) many times, he finally succeeded. As the villager picked up his lad f vegetables, he nticed a purse 8 (lie) in the rad where the rck had been. The purse cntained many gld cins and a nte frm the king, 9 (say) that the gld was fr the persn wh remved the huge rck frm the rad.
The villager learned a valuable lessn that many thers wuld never understand: Every bstacle presents an pprtunity 10 (imprve) ne's cnditin.
三
Whether they're playing n TV screens r printed in newspapers, adverts are everywhere. Actually, it is quite nrmal fr the average persn 1 (live) in a city 2 (see) thusands f ads every single day. Hwever, ads are nt just a tl fr getting peple 3 (buy)things; they als serve as a windw int cultures, scieties and histry.
Mdern adverts began t appear in 4 18th and 19th centuries, since advances in printing techniques allwed mre detailed images 5 (prduce) in newspapers and magazines.
Lking at sme f these early ads is like 6 (take) a step back in time t anther wrld. Fr example, an 1881 advert fr French cigarettes prmised that its prduct wuld “give immediate relief” t a list f medical cnditins, including 7 (breathe) prblems. And a 1955 US ad advised mthers 8 (mix) the sugary sft drink 7-Up with their baby's milk.
Nwadays, f curse, the harmful effects f bth smking and sugary drinks have been well knwn. Althugh these adverts seem unusual t us nw, perhaps future generatins may cnsider sme f tday's ads 9 (be) just as strange. It 10 (believe) that advertising can ften be an indicatr fr what sciety cnsiders t be scially acceptable and desirable at the time.
四
The truth that trees are vital t ur life is nt a secret. They prvide us with fd, wd and mst imprtantly, xygen. Nw there is ne mre thing we can add t this list— 1 (blck)ut harmful bacteria frm water.
The discvery was made by a team 2 (cnsist) f scientists frm the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy (MIT) and high schl students wh were seeking a natural water filter—ne that wuld help cmmunities in 3 (develp) cuntries that d nt have access t mdern water filter systems.
The researchers, 4 (lead) by Prfessr Rhit Karnik, decided 5 (turn) t trees fr help because they culd allw liquid 6 (flw) thrugh, while blcking ut air bubbles.
They began by 7 (cut) 1.5-inch-wide sectins f tree bark frm the branches f a white pine tree. The peple 8 (relate) then tested the wd’s filtering ability by puring water 9 (cntain) red dye particles f different sizes thrugh. T their amazement, they fund that it was effective in trapping all the articles. 10 (encurage), the team cnducted anther experiment, this time with water that cntained bacteria. Sure enugh, the sapwd held back 99% f the bacteria, allwing nly 1% t flw thrugh.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
五
In the summer f 1848, in Guatemala, a man 1 (call) Ambrsi Tut went int the jungle, as he did almst every day. Tut was a gum-cllectr(树胶采集者), 2 (lk) fr gum in the jungle. 3 (d) this, he had t climb the trees. On his particular day, he gt t the tp f ne tree and smething caught his eye. He lked ut acrss the trees and saw the tps f sme ld buildings.
Tut didn’t really knw what he had seen but he knew it was smething special. He ran 4 (tell) the lcal gvernr, and tgether they 5 (walk)int the jungle. There they fund Tikal(蒂卡尔),a city that the Mayans (玛雅人) 6 (build) many hundreds f years befre. The tw men saw temples and pyramids, squares and huses, and places where kings had lived when the Mayan peple ruled the regin.
Fr a lng time befre that day, lcal peple had knwn that smewhere in the jungle there was an ld Mayan city, but n ne had seen it fr centuries. Between 200 and 900 AD, the city f Tikal had been the center f Mayan civilizatin in the regin, but then the Mayans left there and nbdy knws why! After 1000 AD, the jungle began 7 (cver) it and peple frgt that it was there.
Seven years befre Tut lked ut fr the trees, tw British explrers had gne t Guatemala and had written a reprt abut Mayan treasures in the jungle, but they didn’t mentin Tikal. Even earlier than this, lcal Indians had tld Eurpean travelers abut a great city 8 (hide) in the trees, but n ne wuld listen t them. Nw the 9 (lse) city had been fund again, and archaelgists went there immediately 10 (see) it.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
动词的-ing形式在句子中作什么成分
①作主语
②作宾语
③作后置定语
④作前置定语
⑤作表语
⑥作宾补
⑦作状语
动词的过去分词形式在句子中作什么成分
①作状语
②作宾补
③作定语
④作表语
动词的不定式形式在句子中作什么成分
①作宾语
②作表语
③作定语
④作状语
⑤作宾补
⑥作主语
口诀
决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。
主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。
decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hpe/wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend; ffer, prmise, chse, plan; agree, ask/beg, help
口诀
考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。
避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。
禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。
cnsider, suggest/advise, lk frward t, excuse/pardn; admit, delay/put ff, fancy(想象，设想); avid, miss, keep/keep n, practice; deny, finish, enjy/appreciate; frbid, imagine, risk; can't help(禁不住), mind, allw/permit, escape