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    专题三
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    非谓语动词






    命题趋势

    非谓语动词是动词用法中最为复杂的部分之一,它不仅有时态的变化、语态的不同,同时还要注意它所表达的逻辑关系,这些都是非谓语动词用法的难点。
    近年来,高考对该语法现象的渗透日趋明显和突出,所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有:现在分词和过去分词基础知识;现在分词和过去分词句法功能;现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析;现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成;现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和纽带作用等。
    另外,对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能;对于动名词主要考查在一些动词后作宾语的用法等。

    考点清单

    一、非谓语动词作状语
    1.不定式作状语
    ①表示原因(多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后),如:
    We were very excited to hear the news.
    ②表示目的(可用so as to/in order to替换,但so as to一般不可置于句首),如:
    To get there on time I got up very early.
    ③表示结果(常表出乎意料的结果,常为only to do),如:
    He rushed to school only to find there was nobody there.
    2.现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别
    (1)现在分词作状语时,现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。
    如:Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.
    (2)过去分词作状语时,过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。
    如:Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
    (3)部分过去分词来源于系表结构,作状语时不表示被动关系,其前不用being。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有:seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、stationed(驻扎)、lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)、born in(出身于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦了)等。
    如:Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound.
    他陷入深深的思考中,没有听到声音。
    【典型例题1】
    Recently a survey _______ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.
    A. compared B. comparing C. compares D. being compared
    【答案】B
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,该句的主语是a survey,谓语动词是has caused,宾语是heated debate。句子结构是完整的,因此我们要选择的只能是非谓语动词形式。“survey”与“compare”之间存在主动关系,因此用现在分词短语作后置定语。
    【典型例题2】
    ______ for her college education, she spent two years working as a cleaner for a rich family in her neighborhood.
    A. Paying B. Paid C. To pay D. Being paid
    【答案】C
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了支付大学学费,她花了两年时间为附近一个富裕家庭当清洁工。此处表示目的,所以用不定式作目的状语,故C项正确。

    二、非谓语动词作主语、表语、宾语
    1.非谓语动词作主语
    Laughing helps your body stay healthy and can even help you fight pain.(动名词作主语)
    To see is to believe.(不定式作主语)
    It is important to respect people.(不定式短语作主语,It作形式主语)
    It is no use crying over spilt milk.(动名词短语作主语,It作形式主语)
    2.非谓语动词作表语
    (1)动名词作表语时,说明主语的性质,回答what引导的问句。
    (2)不定式作表语时,说明主语尚未发生的动作或表示将来的动作。
    3.非谓语动词作宾语:主要是不定式和动名词
    ①afford,agree,choose,determine,expect,decide,learn,offer,manage,hope,want,wish,promise,refuse,fail,pretend,happen等动词后跟不定式作宾语。
    ②appreciate,avoid,bear,consider,dislike,delay,enjoy,escape,finish,hate,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,postpone,resist,risk,stand,suggest等动词后跟动名词作宾语。
    ③以下动词后接不定式和动名词作宾语意义不同。
    动词
    +v-ing作宾语
    +to do作宾语
    remember
    记得曾做过某事
    记得要做某事
    forget
    忘记曾做过某事
    忘记要做某事
    try
    尝试做某事
    努力做某事
    regret
    对做过的事表示后悔
    对要做的事表示遗憾
    mean
    意味着做某事
    企图/打算做某事
    can’t help
    禁不住做某事
    不能帮助做某事
    go on
    继续做未完成的事
    做完一件事后,接着做另一件事
    stop
    中断正在做的事
    中断正在做的事,去做别的事

    【典型例题】
    I don’t think it any good _______ another talk with him over the matter.
    A. had B. having C. have D. to have
    【答案】B
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我认为和他再一次谈这个事情没有任何意义。一般的形式宾语代替的真正宾语都是不定式,但是也有例外,在一些约定俗成的用法中,常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语——动名词放在后面。It is no good doing something就是这样的句型。这里是any good,good是名词,所以后面的宾语用的是动名词。故选B。

    三、非谓语动词作定语
    1.不定式作定语表未来的动作且后置,它与所修饰的名词或不定式代词存在主谓、动宾或同位关系。
    You are the third one to enter the room.(主谓关系)
    I have something important to say.(动宾关系)
    He has no opportunity to go abroad.(同位关系)
    2.动名词作定语多前置,表示所修饰的事物的性能和用途。
    a reading room=a room for reading
    3.现在分词作定语表主动和进行,可转换为定语从句。
    The question being discussed(=which is being discussed) now is important.
    4.过去分词作定语表被动和完成,也可转换为定语从句。
    The question discussed(=which was discussed) yesterday is important.
    四、非谓语动词的否定式、进行式、完成式和被动式
    1.非谓语动词的否定式均是在前面加not。如:
    He pretended not to see me.
    Not having tried his best, he failed in the exam.
    2.不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式。
    ①当谓语动词表示的动作(情况)发生时,不定式动作正在进行,不定式要用进行式。如:
    The boy pretended to be working hard.
    ②当不定式的动作在谓语动作发生时,不定式要用完成式。如:
    I happened to have seen the film.
    当不定式的逻辑主语为不定式动作的承受者时,不定式要用被动式。如:
    ③The patient asked to be operated on at once.
    3.动名词的完成式、被动式、完成被动式和带有逻辑主语的复合结构。
    We remembered having seen the film.
    He came to the party without being invited.
    He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.
    His not knowing English troubled him a lot.
    4.现在分词的完成式和被动式。
    ①当现在分词的动作早于谓语动作发生时,现在分词要用完成式。如:
    Having done his homework, he played basketball.
    ②当现在分词的逻辑主语为其动作的承受者时,现在分词要用被动式。如:
    The problem being discussed is very important.
    Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.
    【典型例题】
    ______ with animals in his father’s zoo when he was young, Peter knows how to keep them under control.
    A. Growing up B. Having grown up C. Grown up D. Being grown up
    【答案】B
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:小时候在父亲的动物园里和动物一起长大,皮特知道如何控制它们。Peter与grow up之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,表示主动,且grow up这一动作明显发生在knows之前,所以用现在分词的完成式作状语,故B项正确。

    精题集训
    (70分钟)

    经典训练题

    一、 单项选择
    1.(2020·江苏卷)Technological innovations, good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.
    A. combined with B. combining with
    C. having combined with D. to be combined with
    2.(2020·天津卷)______ us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes.
    A. To help B. Helped C. Helping D. Being helped
    3.(2020·天津卷)The dancer’s incredible performance had the audience on its feet ______ for 10 minutes at the end of the show.
    A. being clapped B. clap C. clapped D. clapping
    4.(2020·江苏卷)Technological innovations, good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.
    A. combined with B. combining with
    C. having combined with D. to be combined with
    5.(2019·江苏卷)________ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.
    A. To enjoy B. Enjoying C. To have enjoyed D. Enjoy
    6.(2019·江苏卷)China’s image is improving steadily, with more countries ________ its role in international affairs.
    A. recognizing B. being recognized C. to be recognized D. recognized

    二、单句语法填空
    7.(2020·全国II卷)They represent the earth (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
    8.(2020·全国II卷)They make great gifts and you see them many times (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
    9.(2020·全国II卷)They are easy (care) for and make great presents.
    10.(2020·全国III卷)The next morning he hired a boat and set out (find) the well-known painter.
    11.(2020·全国III卷)
    And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
    12.(2019·全国II卷)When we got a call ______(say)she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.
    13.(2019·全国I卷)Scientists have responded by (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements.
    14.(2019·浙江卷)When the children are walking or ______(cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can easily see them.
    15.(2019·浙江卷)But some students didn’t want (wear) the uniform.
    16.(2019·全国III)On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, __________(listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.

    三、单句改错
    17.(2019·全国I卷)All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.

    18.(2019·全国III卷)If I succeed in manage one, I will open more.

    19.(2018·全国I卷)My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.

    20.(2018·全国II卷)As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me.

    21.(2018·全国III卷)Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.

    22. Meet my teacher, after all thirty years in Boston, was an unforgettable moment for me, one I will always treasure.

    23. The government is trying hard to have the people’s living standard risen.

    24. I have a friend is called Kenichi, who has a special ability to communicate with animals.


    高频易错题

    语法填空
    The wildfires in Australia became considerably worse in January, 2020. The disaster faced by 25 country is far from over. Many of the fires 26 (send) smoke high into the atmosphere and some smoke turned into pyro cumulonimbus clouds. The clouds can help a fire draw in more air and shift surface winds, 27 (result) in fire tornadoes(龙卷风). Fires have destroyed habitats for animals that 28 (find) only in Australia, including koalas and rare birds. It will take time to fully know how much harm the fires have done 29 wildlife. The wildfires are expected 30 (continue) burning for months as Australia entered its dry season.
    This past year, 2019, is the hottest and driest year on record. Fires happen 31 (regular) during the Australian dry season. However, climate and natural changes are making the situation 32 (bad). At least 12 million acres have been burned so far in Victoria and New South Wales alone. Smoke from the fires has made 33 to South America. There is so much smoke that it may stay in the air for months 34 could have an effect on the planet’s climate.

    精准预测题

    一、 语法填空
    Fuchsia Dunlop decided to visit China after reading articles about the country for several months. The one-month backpacking trip exposed the English woman 35 a wide range of Chinese food. “The dishes and soups I had even in the cheapest and plain eateries were better than 36 I had in the U.K.,” Dunlop recalled.
    The last stop of her trip was Chengdu, 37 capital of southwest China’s Sichuan Province. Dunlop learned from friends that Sichuan food represents one of China’s 38 (good) cuisines, and when the spicy flavor of Sichuan pepper exploded in her mouth, something inside her changed forever.
    After she returned to London, Dunlop made the decision to study in China at Sichuan University. When she wrote down “studying Chinese 39 (policy) on ethnic groups” on the 40 (apply) form as the reason for a scholarship, what she really had in mind were Sichuan dishes. Her journey eventually led her to become the most knowledgeable English person on Chinese food. She 41 (write) many books on Chinese cuisine since, including Shark’s Fin and Sichuan Pepper, which was translated into Chinese in 2018.
    According to Chen Xiaoqing, 42 (know) for directing the documentary of A Bite of China, Dunlop is the most insightful foreign writer who 43 (vivid) describes Chinese cuisine in an exciting and accurate way. What she presents to the readers is not just food, but also the profound traditions and tremendous changes 44 (occur) in the country behind the flavors.

    二、短文改错
    45. Dear Ms Smith,
    I am Li Hua. I am writing to ask for a several-hour leave. I was to give a speech to welcome a group of American visiting teachers on Wednesday morning. I am terrible sorry to tell you that I can’t come to attend at your class. How a pity! Perspectives on American Literature are always my favourite course. I do hope you can excuse my absent. As to the lessons to be missing, I wonder if it is possible for them to recorded so that I can listen to them later. Or I will just read my classmate’s notes and making them up as soon as possible.
    Your permission will be appreciated. Thank a lot!
    Yours,
    Li Hua


    参考答案

    经典训练题

    一、单项选择
    1.【答案】A
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:技术创新与良好的市场营销相结合,将促进这些产品的销售。此处是短语:be combined with“与……结合/联合”,本句中省略be动词,使用过去分词做状语。故选A。
    2.【答案】A
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了帮助我们准备考试,老师建议通读我们的笔记。分析句子结构可知,老师建议我们诵读笔记是为了帮助我们准备考试。故表目的,应用动词不定式。故选A。
    3.【答案】D
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:舞蹈演员令人难以置信的表演使观众站起来鼓掌达十分钟之久。该题中,have表示“使……处于……状态”。______ for 10 minutes作伴随状语,其逻辑主语the audience和clap之间是主动关系,故用现在分词。故选D。
    4.【答案】A
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:技术创新与良好的市场营销相结合,将增加这些产品的销售。此处是短语be combined with:与……结合/联合,本句中省略be动词,使用过去分词做状语。故选A。
    5.【答案】A
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了享受数字支付的方便,很多老年市民开始使用智能手机。此处用不定式表目的,故选A。
    6.【答案】A
    【解析】考查with复合结构。句意:中国的形象正在稳步提升,更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。more countries和recognize之间是主动关系,用现在分词,故选A。
    二、单句语法填空
    7.【答案】coming
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。主句为they represent the earth and best wishes,可判断设空处为非谓语动词,且the earth与come back为主谓关系,可知此处需填现在分词,作the earth的宾语补足语,强调一段时间内正在进行的动作,故填coming。
    8.【答案】decorated
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。主句为you see them,可判断设空处为非谓语动词,them代指前文orange trees,与decorate为动宾关系,可知应用过去分词,作后置定语,故填decorated。
    9.【答案】to care
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。sth. is easy to do,表示某事容易……,且此处为动词不定式表示被动,故填to care。
    10.【答案】to find
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:第二天早上,他租了一条船,出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示出发去做某事应用短语set out to do sth.,后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。
    11.【答案】surrounding
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:当他看到雾气从河上升起,山顶上乌云环绕,他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知,the soft clouds (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语,surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系,故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。
    12.【答案】saying
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知,此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语,解释名词call的内容,call与say是主动关系,故填saying。
    13.【答案】noting
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知,此处用动名词主动形式,故填noting。
    14.【答案】cycling
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时,汽车司机很容易看到它们。or连接两个并列成分,根据or前的walking可知,此处要用cycling。故填cycling。
    15.【答案】to wear
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:但是,有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth想要做某事,这是want的固定用法。故填to wear。
    16.【答案】listening
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”,所以空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的,所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题,and后meeting interesting locals为分词形式,故空格处填listening。
    三、单句改错
    17.【答案】say改为saying
    【解析】考查现在分词。本句句意:操场上所有的足球运动员大声欢呼,说我有踢足球的天赋。句中谓语动词为cheered,say在这里作伴随状语。与主语players是主动关系,故将say改为saying。
    18.【答案】manage改为managing
    【解析】考查固定短语。succeed in doing something意为:成功做了某事,是固定短语。故把manage改为managing。
    19.【答案】sell改成selling
    【解析】考查动名词。句意:我祖父说去年夏天他们通过卖鱼挣了一大笔钱。此处介词by后用动名词,故用selling。
    20.【答案】watching改为watch
    【解析】考查非谓语动词的不定式。句意:作为一个孩子,我喜欢看动漫片,但无论我要求多少次,父母都不让我看。用不定式表示目的。故把watching改为watch。
    21.【答案】wait改成waiting
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句子成分分析,本句有谓语为was,而且没有连词,wait与主语是主动关系,所以wait要用非谓语waiting,表伴随。
    22.【答案】Meet改为Meeting
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。本句谓语动词是was,故做主语的动词应该用动名词形式。句意:三十年后在波士顿见到我的老师是令人难以忘记的时刻,我将一直珍惜这一时刻。故Meet改为Meeting。
    23.【答案】risen改为raised
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。本句的谓语动词是have,故后面的动词应该用非谓语动词,因为含有被动,故用过去分词。句意:政府正尽力提高人们的生活标准。故risen改为raised。
    24.【答案】删去is
    【解析】考查动词过去分词形式作后置定语。句意:我有一个叫Kenichi的朋友,他有一种特殊的能力,能够与动物沟通。call的过去分词形式在此处做friend的后置定语。故删去is。
    高频易错题

    语法填空
    【答案】
    25. the 26. sent 27. resulting 28. are found 29. to
    30. to continue 31. regularly 32. worse 33. it 34. which
    【解析】这是一篇说明文。澳大利亚的森林大火在2020年1月变得更加严重,同时火灾产生的烟雾又引发了火灾龙卷风。文章说明了这次大火对澳大利亚的破坏和影响。
    25.考查冠词。country为可数名词,此处特指上文Australia,应用定冠词。故填the。
    26.考查动词时态。根据后文and some smoke turned into pyro cumulonimbus clouds可知,此处应用一般过去时,主语与谓语动词构成主动关系。故填sent。
    27.考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知,result在句中作非谓语动词,且与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系,故应用现在分词。故填resulting。
    28.考查动词时态及语态。本句主语animals与谓语动词构成被动关系,且描述客观事实应用一般现在时,主语为复数名词,谓语动词应用复数。故填are found。
    29.考查介词。句意:要完全了解火灾对野生动物造成了多大的伤害还需要时间。结合句意表示“对于”,应用介词to。故填to。
    30.考查非谓语动词。根据短语be expected to do sth.表示预计,后跟不定式。故填to continue。
    31.考查副词。修饰动词happen,应用副词regularly,表示频繁地。故填regularly。
    32.考查比较级。句意:然而,气候和自然变化使情况变得更糟。结合句意表示“更糟”应用比较级形式。故填worse。
    33.考查代词。根据短语make it to表示到达。故填it。
    34.考查定语从句。句意:烟雾如此之多,可能会在空气中停留数月之久,这可能会对地球的气候产生影响。此处为非限定性定语从句,修饰上文整个句子,且从句中缺少主语,故用关系代词which。故填which。
    【点拨】
    当句中已有谓语动词又没有并列连词与括号中的动词并列,该动词就是非谓语动词。此时,就要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用具体的某种形式。如作主语或宾语,就用动名词(表一般意义)或不定式形式(表具体意义);作目的状语或在形容词后作状语,用不定式;作伴随状语或作定语,要根据与逻辑主语的关系,用现在分词或过去分词;有时也要根据句式搭配来确定,如see/hear/notice sb.do/doing sth.,spend doing sth.等。具体解题技巧如下:
    第一步:若句中已有谓语,也不是作并列谓语时,应为非谓语动词。
    第二步:根据非谓语动词在句中所作句子成分、句式的特殊要求,或某些词语的特殊要求,确定用哪种非谓语动词形式。如作目的状语一般用不定式形式,作主语或宾语用­ing形式或不定式,在enjoy,finish等动词后作宾语用­ing形式,在decide,refuse等动词后作宾语要用不定式形式等等。
    第三步:确定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是主动还是被动关系。
    第四步:根据非谓语动词的动作与谓语动词的动作发生的先后关系确定用一般式还是用完成式。
    精准预测题

    二、 语法填空
    【答案】
    35. to 36. what 37. the 38. best 39. policies
    40. application 41. has written 42. known 43. vividly 44. occurring
    【解析】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了英国女士邓洛普在中国的美食之旅。
    35.考查固定短语。句意:为期一个月的背包旅行让这位英国女士接触到了各种各样的中国食物。expose...to表示使接触、暴露于,故填to。
    36.考查宾语从句。句意:即使是在最便宜的普通餐馆里,我点的菜和汤也比我在英国吃的要好。此处为宾语从句,从句中的had缺少宾语,故填what。
    37.考查定冠词。句意:她此行的最后一站是中国西南部四川省的省会成都。the capital of表示“……的省会”,应该用the表特指,故填the。
    38.考查形容词最高级。句意:邓洛普从朋友那里得知川菜是中国最好的菜系之一。one of后的名词常用形容词最高级修饰,故填best。
    39.考查名词复数。句意:当她在申请表上写下“学习中国民族政策”作为申请奖学金的理由时,她真正想的是川菜。policy当“政策、方针”讲时是可数名词,此处用复数表泛指,故填policies。
    40.考查名词。根据句意可知此处用名词作定语,application form表示申请表,故填application。
    41.考查时态。句意:从那以后,她写了许多关于中国烹饪的书。此处表示过去的动作对现在的影响,用现在完成时,故填has written。
    42.考查非谓语动词。句意:以执导纪录片《舌尖上的中国》而出名的陈晓卿说邓洛普是最有洞察力的外国作家,她生动、准确地描述了中国美食。be known for表示“因……而出名”,此处去掉be作定语,故填known。
    43.考查副词。修饰动词describes用副词,故填vividly。
    44.考查非谓语动词。句意:她所呈现给读者的不仅仅是食物,还有这个国家在美食背后深刻的传统和正在发生的巨大的变化。changes与occur之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,表示主动,用现在分词作后置定语,故填occurring。
    二、短文改错
    【答案】
    1.第二句,was改为am
    2.第四句,terrible改为terribly
    3.第四句,去掉at
    4.第五句,How改为What
    5.第六句,are改为is
    6.第七句,absent改为absence
    7.第八句,missing改为missed
    8.第八句,在recorded前加be
    9.第九句,making改为make
    10.第十一句,Thank改为Thanks
    【解析】本文是一篇电子邮件。作者李华向Ms Smith请假,去做一个欢迎美国来访老师的演讲,并希望老师能原谅他的缺课。
    1.考查时态。句子用一般将来时态,此处是be+动词不定式表示将来,故把was改成am。
    2.考查副词。此处sorry是形容词,由副词来修饰,故把terrible改成terribly。
    3.考查及物动词。句意:我非常抱歉地告诉你,我不能来上你的课了。此处attend是及物动词,意思是“上大学、上课等”,故去掉attend后的at。
    4.考查感叹句。句意:太遗憾了!此处pity是名词,所以感叹句由what引导,故把How改成What。
    5.考查主谓一致。句意:《美国文学透视》一直是我最喜欢的课程。此处Perspectives on American Literature是句子主语,单数第三人称,故把are改成is。
    6.考查名词。此处my是形容词性物主代词,修饰名词,故把absent改成absence。
    7.考查动词不定式一般式的被动式。句意:至于错过的课程,我想知道是否可以把它们录下来,以便我以后听。此处lessons和miss之间是一种被动关系,是动词不定式一般式的被动式作后置定语,故把missing改成missed。
    8.考查动词不定式一般式的被动式作主语。此处是动词不定式一般式的被动式作主语,故在recorded前加be。
    9.考查并列谓语。此处是并列谓语,助动词will后面跟动词原形,故把making改成make。
    10.考查名词。句意:非常感谢。此处Thank应该是名词,故把Thank改为Thanks。


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