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2014年高考英语试卷（上海）（秋考）真题及答案解析（含听力mp3）
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这是一份2014年高考英语试卷（上海）（秋考）真题及答案解析（含听力mp3），文件包含2014年高考英语试卷上海秋考解析卷doc、2014年高考英语试卷上海秋考空白卷doc、2014年高考英语试卷上海秋考听力音频mp3等3份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共43页， 欢迎下载使用。
第一大题第1至第10小题，每题1分；第11至第16小题，每题2分：第17至第24小题，每题1分。共30分。
1. A 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.A 8.C 9.C 10.B
11.C 12.D 13.B 14.C 15.A 16.B
17. cnference 18. daylight 19. mving 20. vercrwded
21. implicatins and cnclusins 22. reasning 23. Figures 24. keep questining
第二大题每小题1分。共26分。
25. where 26. T earn 27. as sn as / as lng as 28. exhausted 29. if
30. what 31. adapting 32. did 33. an 34. is equipped 35. which
36. myself 37. mre apprpriate 38. has frced 39. urging 40. t
41. G 42. C 43.1 44. F 45. E 46. B 47. K 48. J 49. A 50. H
第三大题第51至65小题，每题1分；第“至”小题，每题2分；第78至81小题，每题2分。共47分。
51. C 52. B 53. A 54. D 55. A 56. B 57. C 58. D 59. A 60. C
61. D 62. D 63. B 64. B 65. C 66. D 67. B 68. A 69. A 70. C
71.D 72.B 73.A 74.B 75.A 76.D 77.C
78. sharehlders and emplyees
79. Cmpanies talk t nn-gvernmental rganisatins (NGOs) and t gvernments. / Cmpanies
create cdes f cnduct. / Cmpanies devte themselves t mre transparency in their peratins. / Cmpanies set cmmn rules with their cmpetitrs t spread risks.
80. create value
81. take scial respnsibilities
第II卷
I．翻译共22分。
1. I'm accustmed t listening t sme light music befre sleep.
2. It's up t yu what kind f life yu will lead in the future.
3. There is nthing mre exciting than being allwed t take part in the space travel prgram.
4. Parents ask their kids nt t play by the river fr fear that smething terrible might happen.
5. While mdern sciety, rich in material resurces, has given cnsumers mre chices, it als turns many f them int crazy shppers.
II．写作共25分。
Dear Editr,
I’ve learned that ur English Pst is being refrmed and ne f the three clumns is t be replaced by a new ne. I’m writing this e-mail t share with yu my pinins.
Needless t say, the clumns will definitely be designed accrding t students’ interest and have psitive effects n their study and life.
Cmpared t the entertainment , I hld the view that the value f the clumns cncerning health and culture is mre imprtant . The main factr is that it is f great significance t keep healthy while lss f health means kissing gdbye t life. Cnsequently, mre knwledge f hw t keep fit can imprve the quality f life. In additin, the prgress in acquiring cultures cntributes t bradening ne’s hrizns, which in turn is beneficial t ne’s study and the establishment f philsphy f life.
Furthermre, the career planning shuld be taken int accunt in the schl English Pst . On the ne hand, it cvers ne’s career develpment a great deal .On the ther hand, it makes a great difference t ne’s career success in the future.
What has been mentined abve is my persnal ideas. Here I am in the hpe that my advice will add a brilliant tuch t the imprved versin f ur schl English Pst.
Yurs sincerely,
Cheng Fei
2014年上海英语高考听力原文
I. Listening Cmprehensin
Sectin A
Directins: In sectin A, yu will hear ten shrt cnversatins between tw speakers. At the end f each cnversatin, a questin will be asked abut what was said. The cnversatin and the questin will be spken nly nce. After yu hear a cnversatin and the questin abut it, read the fur pssible answers n yur paper, and decide which ne is the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
1. W: What can I d fr yu, sir?
M: I want t reprt a theft. My briefcase was stlen.
Q: Wh is mst prbably the wman?
2. W: Yu will take care, wn’t yu? The rads are very very icy.
M: I will drive very slwly. I prmise.
Q: Hw des the wman feel?
3. M: Mrning, I have a reservatin. The name is Blake Smith.
W: OK. We’ve gt a nice car ready. I’ll need t see yur driver’s license and yur credit card.
Q: Where des the cnversatin mst prbably take place?
4. W: CCTV is reprting an enrmus fld nw! Lk at thse peple n the rf.
M: I hpe it desn’t cause much damage.
Q: What are the tw speakers talking abut?
5. W: Wuld yu help me clean the backyard tday?
M: Sure. I am picking Jane up frm the railway statin at 3, but I will help yu as sn as I get back.
Q: What will the man d first?
6. W: The vase is amazing! But it’s a bit mre than I want t spend.
M: Maybe yu can get a better price.It can’t hurt t ask.
Q: What des the man suggest the wmen d?
7. W: My cmputer’s brken dwn. Culd I use yurs t write a chemistry paper?
M: Srry, I am in the middle f revising my reprt. Yu knw, the cmputer lab is still pen.
Q: What des the man imply the wmen shuld d?
8. W: I’ve declined their ffer t exhibit sme f my paintings in this gallery.
M: Are yu kidding? Any art student I knw wuld die t have an exhibitin here.
Q: Hw des the man feel n hearing the wman’s decisin?
9. M: Yu are nt planning t transfer t a different university next year, are yu?
W: If I were, yu’d be the firstt knw.
Q: What des the wman imply?
10. M: Did yu read the editrial in the newspaper abut the mayr’s speech?
M: I sure did. But I think they twisted the meaning f what he said.
Q: What des the man say f the editrial?
Sectin B
Directins: In sectin B, yu will hear tw shrt passages, and yu will be asked three questins n each f the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questins will be spken nly nce. When yu hear a questin, read the fur pssible answers n yur paper, and decide which ne wuld be the best answer t the questin yu ave heard.
Questins 11 thrugh 13 are based n the fllwing passage.
Abut 70 miles nrth-east f Vancuver is ne f Canada’s mst beautiful turist regins. Visitrs cme t enjy fishing, skiing r the splendid muntain scenery. Over 20 years ag, Kirsty Burne, a successful businesswman, came here and funded Paradise Ridge, a cabin park.
She said, “I wanted t live smewhere where everybdy knws everybdy else and all yur prblems are shared.” Paradise Ridge is nw hme t 25 families. Each family wns their wn small cabin, but they share wnership f the park and the cmmn facilities. This is a real,living cmmunity, and residents aren’t allwed t use their cabins as a hliday hme.
The heart f the Paradise Ridge cmmunity is a large huse. Shared meals take place 3 times a week and nce a mnth there is a meeting when imprtant decisins are made. Families can sell their hmes if they want t leave, but the whle cmmunity must vte n new families befre they are allwed t jin.
“Keeping the cmmunity tgether is hard wrk,” says Kirsty. “Everybdy has t take respnsibility fr the day-t-day running f the cmmunity.But it seems that there is n shrtage f the families wh want t jin. There are 75 n the waiting list.”
11. Hw many families are living in the Paradise Ridge nw?
12. What is special abut Paradise Ridge?
13. What is the passage mainly abut?
Questins 14 thrugh 16 are based n the fllwing passage.
It’s 3 p.m.,time fr news frm the Wrld f Medicine.
Des sitting make yu sad? Australian researchers fund that middle-aged wmen wh sat fr ver 7 hurs a day were 47 percent mre likely t shw signs f depressin than thse wh sat fr 4 hurs r fewer. Thse wh engaged in n physical activity were 26 percent mre likely t have symptms f depressin 3 years later than thse wh exercised regularly. Sitting fr lng perids has als been linked t heart disease.
Hw can yu detect a liar thrugh text message? Watch fr a delayed respnse. When cllege students were asked t tell a lie during an interview with a cmputer, they tk 10 percent lnger n average t send the message, and they did mre editing than usual.
Can marriage beat cancer? Married peple were 20 percent less likely t die frm the disease than thse wh were unmarried, accrding t a Harvard study f mre than 730,000 peple. They were als mre likely t get the disease detected at an earlier stage and receive prper treatment. A husband r wife can urge yu t seek medical help and supprt yu during tugh chemical therapy, radiatin, and ther treatments.
14. Wh were mst likely t suffer frm depressin accrding t Australian researchers?
15. Hw did students behave when they tld a lie during an interview with a cmputer?
16 What is the third piece f news mainly abut?
Sectin C
Directins: In sectin C, yu will hear tw lnger cnversatins. The cnversatins will be read twice. After yu hear each cnversatin, yu are required t fill in the numbered blanks with the infrmatin yu have heard. Write yur answers n yur answer sheet.
Blanks 17 thrugh 20 are based n the fllwing cnversatin.
W: Excuse me, I’m Linda Lee frm the Airprt Research Divisin. May I ask yu a few questins abut the envirnment andfacilities here?
M: OK.
W: Are yu n a business trip?
M: Yes, I’m heading ff fr a cnference in Lndn.
W: What d yu like mst abut the airprt envirnment?
M: Well, I really appreciate the daylight.
W: Daylight?
M: Yes.The windws here make it seem as if yu’re utside. Anther thing I like is the mving walkways. Yu dn’t have t walk fr miles t the barding gate.
W: I see. Anything yu dn’t like?
M: shps are ften vercrwded. There is nt enugh space t mve arund cmfrtably.And als I suppse the trlleys are t small.
W: Well, thanks fr yur time.
Cmplete the frm. Write ONE WORD fr each answer.
Blanks 21 thrugh 24 are based n the fllwing cnversatin.
W: Prfessr King, what exactly is critical thinking?
M: Well, when yu read critically, yu shuld assess the writer’s ideas and think abut the implicatins andcnclusins f what the writer is saying.
W: Can yu give me an example?
M: When yu read an academic text, first, yu shuld identify the argument and wrk ut the writer’s main line f reasning.
W: OK. What then?
M: Try t analyze and criticize the argument.
W: I see. That’s why yu ften ask whether the argument is presented in a lgical way.
M: Right! Then, assess the evidence the writer gives yu. That may be in the frm f figures, survey results, examples, etc.
W: Hw abut the writer’s cnclusins?
M: Ask yurself if they are supprted by the evidence.
W: Gt it. Thanks, Prfessr King.
M: Remember, the key t critical thinking is t read actively and keep asking yurself questins rather than just accepting.
Cmplete the frm. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS fr each answer.
答案：
1. A 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.A 8.C 9.C 10.B
11.C 12.D 13.B 14.C 15.A 16.B
17. cnference 18. daylight 19. mving 20. vercrwded
21. implicatins and cnclusins 22. reasning 23. Figures 24. keep questining
2014年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试
上海 英语试卷
第I卷 （共103分）
I. Listening Cmprehensin
Sectin A
Directins: In Sectin A, yu will hear ten shrt cnversatins between tw speakers. At the end f each cnversatin, a questin will be asked abut what was said. The cnversatins and the questins will be spken nly nce. After yu hear a cnversatin and the questin abut it, read the fur pssible answers n yur paper, and decide which ne is the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
1. A. plicewman.B. A judge. C. A reprter. D. A waitress.
2. A. Cnfident. B. Puzzled. C. Satisfied. D. Wrried.
3. A. At a restaurant.B. At a car rental agency.
C. In a bank. D. In a driving schl.
4. A. A disaster. B. A new rf. C. A perfrmance. D. A TV statin.
5. A. Catch the train. B. Meet Jane.
C. Get sme statinery. D. Clean the backyard.
6. A. Ask fr smething cheaper. B. Buy the vase she really likes.
C. Prtect herself frm being hurt.D. Bargain with the shp assistant.
7. A. Use a cmputer in the lab. B. Take a chemistry curse.
C. Help him revise his reprt. D. Gel her cmputer repaired.
8. A. Amused. B. Embarrassed. C. Shcked. D. Sympathetic.
9.A. She desn't plan t cntinue studying next year.
B. She has already tld the man abut her plan.
C. She isn’t planning t leave her university.
D. She recently visited a different university.
10.A. It spke highly f the mayr.B. It misinterpreted the mayr’s speech.
C. It made the mayr’s view clearer.D. It earned the mayr’s speech accurately.
Sectin B
Directins: In Sectin B, yu will hear tw shrt passages, and yu will be asked three questins n each f the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questins will be spken nly nce. When yu hear a questin, read the fur pssible answers n yur paper and decide which ne wuld be the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
Questins 11 thrugh 13 are based n the fllwing passage.
11. A. 70B. 20C. 25.D. 75
12. A. The huses there can't be B. It is a place fr wrk and hliday.
C. he cabins and facilities D. It is run by the residents themselves.
13. A. A skiing B. A special cmmunity
C. A splendid muntain D. A successful businesswman
Questins 14 thrugh 16 are based n the fllwing news.
14. A. Thse wh ften sent text messages.B. Thse wh suffered frm heart disease.
C. Thse wh did n physical exercise. D. whse wh were unmarried
15. A. They respnded mre slwly than usual.B. They sent mre messages.
C. They typed 10 percent faster n average.D. They edited mre passages.
16. A. Why chemical therapy wrks.
B. Why marriage helps fight cant
C. Hw unmarried peple survive
D. Hw cancer is detected after marriage.
Sectin C
Directins: In Sectin C, yu will hear tw lnger cnversatins. The cnversatins will be read twice. After yu hear each cnversatin, yu are required t fill in the numbered blanks with the infrmatin yu have heard. Write yur answers n yur answer sheet.
Blanks 17 thrugh 20 are based n the fllwing cnversatin.
Cmplete the frm. Write ONE WORD fr each answer.
Travelers’ Survey Sheet
Travel purpse: fr a(n) 17 in Lndn
Cmments n the airprt envirnment / facilities:
Likes: • 18
• 19 walkways
Dislikes: • 20 shps
• small trlleys
Blanks 21 thrugh 24 are based n the fllwing cnversatin.
Cmplete the frm. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS fr each answer.
II. Grammar and vcabulary
Sectin A
Directins: After reading the passages belw, fill in the blanks t make the passages cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
(A)
My Stay in New Yrk
After graduatin frm university, I had been unable t secure a permanent jb in my small twn. S I decided t leave hme fr New Yrk, (25)______I might have a better chance t find a gd jb. (26) ______ (earn) sme mney t pay the daily expenses, I started wrk in a lcal café as a waiter. I believe that (27) ______ ______ ______ I was ffered a gd psitin, I wuld resign at nce.
Over time, the high cst f living became a little burden n my already (28) ______ (exhaust) shulder. On the ther hand, my search fr a respectable jb had nt met with much success. As I had studied literature at university, I fund it quite difficult t secure a suitable jb in big cmpanies. Mther had just said that (29) ______ I want t have a better career advancement, I had t find wrk in the city. Perhaps (30) ______my mther had tld me was deeply rted in my mind. I just did as she had expected.
Sn I had lived in the city fr ver six mnths but I still did nt like it. Apparently, I had difficulty (31) ______ (adapt) myself t life in the city, let alne finding a jb t my delight. After nine mnths f frustratin, I eventually decided t g back t my small twn. Nt until I returned (32) ______I realize that a quiet twn life was the best fr me.
【小题4】过了一段时间，高生活成本在我已经疲惫的肩膀成了一个负担。考查形容词“疲惫的”：exhausted
【小题5】 妈妈说过，如果我想有个更好的事业的进步，我就得到城市里面找工作。这里需要连词“如果”：if
【小题6】妈妈说的话深深的扎根到我的思想中了。What引导的是主语从句。
【小题7】很显然我适应城市的生活有困难。这里使用了have difficulty in ding sth，所以填动名词：adapting
【小题8】直到我回来我才发现安静的小镇生活对我才是最好的。Nt until放在句首，后面的主句要倒装。用助动词did提到主语前面。
考点：考查故事类短文
(B)
The giant vending machine (自动售货机) is a new village shp
Villagers have lng been used t facing a drive when they run ut f basic supplies. Hwever, help is nw nearer at hand in frm f the cuntry’s first autmatic push-buttn shp. Nw residents in the Derbyshire Village f Cliftn can buy grceries arund the clck after the huge vending was installed utside a pub in the village this week.
Peter Fx, wh is (33)______electrical engineer, spent tw and a half years wrking n the prject. The machine (34)______ (equip) with securing cameras and alarms and lks like a mini shp with a brick frnt, a grey rf and a display windw.
Mr. Fx said he hped his inventin, (35)______ is set t be installed in ther villages in the area ver the cming mnths, will mark a return t cnvenience shpping fr rural cmmunities.
He said:“ I had this idea a few years ag but I culdn’t find a manufacture wh culd deliver what I wanted, s I did it by (36)______. The result is what amunts t huge utdr vending machine. Yet I think the term “autmatic shp” is far (37)______ (apprpriate)
In recent years, the cmmercial pressure frm supermarket chains (38)______ frce village shps acrss the cuntry t clse. In 2010, it was estimated that abut 400 village shps clsed, (39)______ (urge) the lcal gvernment t give financial supprt t struggling shps r set-up new cmmunities stres.
Hundreds f cmmunities have since stepped in and pened up their wn vlunteer-run shps, but Mr. Fx hpes his new inventin will ffer a slutin (40)______these villages withut a lcal shp.
Sectin B
Directins: Cmplete the fllwing passage by using the wrds in the bx. Each wrd can nly be used nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
A. alert B. classify C. cmmit D. delicately E. gentle F. impse
G. labels H. mderatin I. relieve J. signals K. simply
Let's say yu've decided yu want t eat mre healthfully. Hwever, yu dn't have time t carefully plan menus fr meals r read fd __41__ at the supermarket. Since yu really__42__ yurself t a healthier lifestyle, a little help wuld cme in handy, wuldn't it? This is where a "chice architect" can help__43__sme f the burden f ding it all yurself. Chice architects are peple wh rganize the cntexts in which custmers make decisins. Fr example, the persn wh decides the layut f yur lcal supermarket-including which shelf the peanut butter ges n, and hw the ranges are piled up—is a chice architect.
Gvernments dn't have t__44__healthier lifestyles thrugh laws fr example, smking bans. Rather, if given an envirnment created by a chice architect-ne that encurages us t chse what is best-we will d the right things. In ther wrds, there will be designs that gently push custmers tward making healthier chices, withut remving freedm f chice. This idea cmbines freedm t chse with__45__hints frm chice architects, wh aim t help peple live lnger, healthier, and happier lives.
The British and Swedish gvernments have intrduced a s-called "traffic light system" t __46__fds as healthy r unhealthy. This means that custmers can see at a glance hw much fat, sugar, and salt each prduct cntains__47__by lking at the lights n the package. A green light __48__that the amunts f the three nutrients are healthy; yellw indicates that the custmer shuld be__49__; and red means that the fd is high in at least ne f the three nutrients and shuld be eaten in __50__. The custmer is given imprtant health infrmatin, but is still free t decide what t chse.
【小题8】绿色的灯表示这三种营养的含量是健康的。这里需要动词“发信号，表示”signal，所以选J
【小题9】黄灯表示消费者应该警觉了。这里使用形容词“警觉的“alert”，所以选A
【小题10】红灯表示这些食物至少有一种营养是含量很高的，所以应该被适当的食用。考查名词“适度”mderatin，所以选H
考点：考查健康类短文
III. Reading Cmprehensin
Sectin A
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
Research has shwn that tw-thirds f human cnversatin is taken up nt with discussin f the cultural r plitical prblems f the day, nt heated debates abut films we've just watched r bks we've just finished reading, but plain and simple __51__.
Language is ur greatest treasure as a species, and what d we __52__ d with it? We gssip. Abut thers' behaviur and private lives, such as wh's ding what with whm, wh's in and wh's ut-and why; hw t deal with difficult __53__ situatins invlving children, lvers, and clleagues.
S why are we keen n gssiping? Are we just natural __54__, f bth time and wrds? Or d we talk a lt abut nthing in particular simply t avid facing up t the really imprtant issues f life? It's nt the case accrding t Prfessr Rbin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest bk, Grming, Gssip and the Evlutin f Language, the psychlgist says gssip is ne f these really__55__issues.
Dunbar __56__ the traditinal view that language was develped by the men at the early stage f scial develpment in rder t rganize their manly hunting activities mre effectively, r even t prmte the exchange f petic stries abut their rigins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evlved amng wmen. We dn't spend tw-thirds f ur time gssiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar—__57__, he ges n t say, language evlved specifically t allw us t gssip.
Dunbar arrived at his cheery thery by studying the __58__ f the higher primates（灵长类动物）like mnkeys. By means f grming--cleaning the fur by brushing it, mnkeys frm grups with ther individuals n whm they can rely fr supprt in the event f sme kind f cnflict within the grup r__59__ frm utside it.
As we human beings evlve frm a particular branch f the primate family, Dunbar __60__ that at ne time in ur histry we did much the same. Gruping tgether made sense because the bigger the grup, the greater the __61__ it prvided; n the ther hand, the bigger the grup, the greater the stresses f living clse t thers. Grming helped t __62__ the pressure and calm everybdy dwn.
But as the grups gt bigger and bigger, the amunt f time spent in grming activities als had t be __63__ t maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a mre __64__ kind f grming was needed, and thus language evlved as a kind f vcal（有声的）grming which allwed humans t develp relatinship with ever-larger grups by exchanging infrmatin ver a wider netwrk f individuals than wuld be pssible by ne-t-ne __65__ cntact.
【小题1】 A. claim B. descriptin C. gssip D. language
【小题2】A. ccasinally B. habitually C. independently D. riginally
【小题3】 A. scial B. plitical C. histrical D. cultural
【小题4】 A. admirers B. masters C. users D. wasters
【小题5】 A. vital B. sensitive C. ideal D. difficult
【小题6】A. cnfirms B. rejects C. utlines D. bradens
【小题7】A. fr instance B. in additin C. n the cntrary D. as a result
【小题8】A. mtivatin B. appearance C. emtin D. behaviur
【小题9】A. attack B. cntact C. inspectin D. assistance
【小题10】A. recalls B. denies C. cncludes D. cnfesses
【小题11】A. prspect B. respnsibility C. leadership D. prtectin
【小题12】A. measure B. shw C. maintain D. ease
【小题13】A. saved B. extended C. cnsumed D. gained
【小题14】A. cmmn B. efficient C. scientific D. Thughtful
【小题15】A. indirect B. daily C. physical D. secret
【答案】
【小题1】C
【小题2】B
【小题3】A
【小题4】D
【小题5】A
【小题6】B
【小题7】C
【小题8】D
【小题9】A
【小题10】C
【小题11】D
【小题12】D
【小题13】B
【小题14】B
【小题15】C
【解析】
【小题12】D考查动词辨析。根据上文：n the ther hand, the bigger the grup, the greater the stresses f living Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
Mst peple agree that hnesty is a gd thing. But des Mther Nature agree? Animals can't talk, but can they lie in ther ways? Can they lie with their bdies and behavir? Animal experts may nt call it lying, but they d agree that many animals, frm birds t chimpanzees, behave dishnestly t fl ther animals. Why? Dishnesty ften helps them survive.
Many kinds f birds are very successful at fling ther animals. Fr example, a bird called the plver smetimes pretends t be hurt in rder t prtect its yung. When a predatr（猎食动物）gets clse t its nest, the plver leads the predatr away frm the nest. Hw? It pretends t have a brken wing. The predatr fllws the "hurt" adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.
Anther kind f bird, the scrub jay, buries its fd s it always has smething t eat. Scrub jays are als thieves. They watch where thers bury their fd and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem t knw when a thief is watching them. S they g back later, unbury the fd, and bury it again smewhere else.
Birds called cucks have fund a way t have babies withut ding much wrk. Hw? They dn't make nests. Instead, they get int ther birds' nests secretly. Then they lay their eggs and fly away. When the baby birds cme ut, their adptive parents feed them.
Chimpanzees, r chimps, can als be sneaky. After a fight, the lsing chimp will give its hand t the ther. When the winning chimp puts ut its hand, t, the chimps are friendly again. But an animal expert nce saw a lsing chimp take the winner's hand and start fighting again.
Chimps are sneaky in ther ways, t. When chimps find fd that they lve, such as bananas, it is natural fr them t cry ut. Then ther chimps cme running. But sme clever chimps learn t cry very sftly when they find fd. That way, ther chimps dn't hear them, and they dn't need t share their fd.
As children, many f us learn the saying "Yu can't fl Mther Nature." But maybe yu can't trust her, either.
【小题1】A plver prtects its yung frm a predatr by______.
A. getting clser t its yung B. driving away the adult predatr
C. leaving its yung in anther nest D. pretending t be injured
【小题2】By "Chimpanzees, r chimps, can als be sneaky" (paragraph 5), the authr means______.
A. chimps are ready t attack thers B. chimps are smetimes dishnest
C. chimps are jealus f the winners D. chimps can be selfish t
【小题3】Which f the fllwing is true accrding t the passage?
A. Sme chimps lwer their cry t keep fd away frm thers.
B. The lsing chimp wn the fight by taking the winner's hand.
C. Cucks fl their adptive parents by making n nests.
D. Sme clever scrub jays ften steal their fd back.
【小题4】Which f the fllwing might be the best title f the passage?
A. D animals lie? B. Des Mther Nature fl animals?
C. Hw d animals learn t lie? D. Hw des hnesty help animals survive?
【答案】
【小题1】D
【小题2】B
【小题3】A
【小题4】A
【解析】
【小题1】细节题：根据第二段的第二句话：a bird called the plver smetimes pretends t be hurt in rder t (B)
Let's say yu want t hit the gym mre regularly this year. Hw d yu make that happen? Cnsider putting the habit lp t use.
Here's hw it wrks:
A habit is a 3-step prcess. First, there's a cue, smething that tells yur brain t perate autmatically. Then there's a rutine. And finally, a reward, which helps yur brain learn t desire the behavir. It's what yu can use t create-r break-habits f yur wn.
Here's hw t apply it:
Chse a cue, like leaving yur running shes by the dr, then pick. a reward-say, a piece f chclate when yu get hme frm the gym. That way, the cue and the reward becme intercnnected. Finally, when yu see the shes, yur brain will start lnging fr the reward, which will make it easier t wrk ut day after day. The best part? In a cuple f weeks, yu wn't need the chclate at all. Yur brain will cme t see the wrkut itself as the reward. Which is the whle pint, right?
【小题1】Which f the fllwing best fits in the bx with a “?” in THE HABIT LOOP?
A. Pick a new cue. B. Frm a new habit.
C. Chse a new reward. D. Design a new reslutin.
【小题2】Accrding t THE HABIT LOOP, yu can stick t yur plan mst effectively by______.
A. changing the rutine B. trying it fr a week
C. adjusting yur gal D. writing it dwn
【小题3】. What's the purpse f putting the habit lp t use?
A. T test ut different kinds f cues.
B. T d smething as a habit even withut rewards.
C. T wrk ut the best New Year's reslutin.
D. T mtivate yurself with satisfactry rewards.
【小题4】 “This year when I see the Harry Ptter pster, I will read 30 pages f an English nvel r an English newspaper in rder t watch TV fr half an hur." What is the cue in this reslutin?
A. The Harry Ptter pster.
B. Reading 30 pages f an English nvel.
C. An English newspaper.
D. Watching TV fr half an hur.
【答案】
【小题1】C
【小题2】D
【小题3】B
【小题4】A
【解析】
【小题1】推理题：根据文章图表里面内容的句子：可知如果对这个奖励不满意，可以选择一个新的奖励，Chse a new reward最适合The Habit Lp里面的有问号的方框，所以选C。
(C)
If yu culd be anybdy in the wrld, wh wuld it be? Yur neighbur r a super star? A few peple have experienced what it might be like t step int the skin f anther persn, thanks t an unusual virtual reality（虚拟现实）device. Rikke Wahl, an actress, mdel and artist, was ne f the participants in a bdy swapping experiment at the Be Anther lab, a prject develped by a grup f artists based in Barcelna. She swapped with her partner, an actr, using a machine called The Machine t Be Anther and temprarily became a man. "As I lked dwn, I saw my whle bdy as a man, dressed in my partner's pants," she said. "That's the picture I remember best."
The set-up is relatively simple. Bth users wear a virtual reality headset with a camera n the tp. The vide frm each camera is sent t the ther persn, s what yu see is the exact view f yur partner. If she mves her arm, yu see it. If yu mve yur arm, she sees it.
T get used t seeing anther persn's bdy withut actually having cntrl f it, participants start by raising their arms and legs very slwly, s that the ther can fllw alng. Eventually, this kind f slw synchrnised（同步的）mvement becmes cmfrtable, and participants really start t feel as thugh they are living in anther persn's bdy.
Using such technlgy prmises t alter peple's behaviur afterwards-ptentially fr the better. Studies have shwn that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism-the bias（偏见）that humans have against thse wh dn't lk r sund like them. Researchers at the University f Barcelna gave peple a questinnaire called the Implicit Assciatin Test, which measures the strength f peple's assciatins between, fr instance, black peple and adjectives such as gd, bad, athletic r awkward. Then they asked them t cntrl the bdy f a dark skinned digital character using virtual reality glasses, befre taking the test again. This time, the participants' bias scres were lwer. The idea is that nce yu've "put yurself in anther's shes" yu're less likely t think ill f them, because yur brain has internalised the feeling f being that persn.
The creatrs f The Machine t Be Anther hpe t achieve a similar result. "At the end f bdy swapping, peple feel like hlding each ther in their arms," says Arthur Pinteau, a prgrammer with the prject. "It's a really nice way t have this kind f experience. I wuld really, really recmmend it t everyne."
【小题1】The wrd "swapping" (paragraph 1) is clsest in meaning t______.
A. building B. exchanging C. cntrlling D. transplanting
【小题2】 We can infer frm the experiment at the Be Anther lab that______.
A. ur feelings are related t ur bdily experience
B. we can learn t take cntrl f ther peple's bdies
C. participants will live mre passinately after the experiment
D. The Machine t Be Anther can help peple change their sexes
【小题3】 In the Implicit Assciatin Test, befre the participants used virtual reality glasses t cntrl a dark skinned digital character, ______.
A. they fught strngly against racism
B. they scred lwer n the test fr racism
C. they changed their behaviur dramatically
D. they were mre biased against thse unlike them
【小题4】 It can be cncluded frm the passage that______.
A. technlgy helps peple realize their dreams
B. ur biases culd be eliminated thrugh experiments
C. virtual reality helps prmte understanding amng peple
D. ur pints f view abut thers need changing cnstantly
Sectin C
Directins: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questins r cmplete the statements in the fewest pssible wrds.
Mre and mre crpratins are taking an interest in crprate scial respnsibility (CSR). CSR is made up f three brad layers. The mst basic is traditinal crprate charity wrk. Cmpanies typically spend abut 1% f pre-tax prfits n wrthy prjects. But many feel that simply writing cheques t charities is n lnger enugh. In sme cmpanies, sharehlders want t knw that their mney is being put t gd use, and emplyees want t be actively invlved in gd wrks.
Mney alne is nt the answer when cmpanies cme under attack fr their behavir. Hence the secnd layer f CSR, which is a branch f risk management. Starting in the 1980s, with envirnmental disasters such as the explsin at Bhpal and the Exxn Valdez il spill, industry after industry has suffered blws t its reputatin.
S, cmpanies ften respnded by trying t manage the risks. They talk t nn-gvernmental rganisatins (NGOs) and t gvernments, create cdes f cnduct（行为准则) and devte themselves t mre transparency（透明）in their peratins. Increasingly, t. they, alng with their cmpetitrs, set cmmn rules t spread risks.
All this is largely defensive, but there are als pprtunities fr thse that get ahead f the game. The emphasis n pprtunity is the third layer f CSR: the idea that it can help t create value. If apprached in a strategic way, CSR culd becme part f a cmpany's cmpetitive advantage. That is just the srt f thing chief executives like t hear. The idea f "ding well by ding gd" has becme ppular.
Nevertheless, the business f trying t be gd is bringing difficult questins t executives. Can yu measure CSR perfrmance? Shuld yu be cperating with NGOs and yu’re yur cmpetitrs? Is there any really cmpetitive advantage t be had frm a green strategy?
Crprate scial respnsibility is nw seen as a mainstream. Big cmpanies want t tell the wrld abut their gd citizenship with their devtin t scial respnsibilities. Dne badly, CSR is ften just windw-dressing and can be psitively harmful. Dne well, thugh, it is nt sme separate activity that cmpanies d n the side, a crner f crprate life reserved fr virtue（美德）：it is just gd business.
(Nte: Answer the questins r cmplete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)
【小题1】Bth _________ in sme cmpanies find it n lnger enugh t simply dnate mney t charities.
【小题2】Give ne example f the defensive measures f risk management accrding t the passage.
【小题3】With the emphasis n pprtunity, the third layer f CSR is meant t_________.
【小题4】Accrding t the passage, "gd business" (paragraph 6) means that crpratins ________ while making prfits.
【答案】
【小题1】Sharehlders and emplyees
【小题2】Cmpanies talk t nn-gvernment rganizatins(NGOs) and t gvernments./Cmpanies create cdes f cnduct. /Cmpanies devte themselves t mre transparency in their peratins./Cmpanies set cmmn rules with their cmpetitrs t spread risks.
【小题3】Create value
【小题4】 take scial respnsibilities
【解析】
第II卷（共47分）
I. Translatin
Directins: Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets.
【小题1】我习惯睡前听点轻音乐。(accustmed)
【小题2】将来过怎样的生活取决于你自己。(be up t)
【小题3】没有什么比获准参加太空旅行项目更令人兴奋的了。(than)
【小题4】家长嘱咐孩子别在河边嬉戏，以免遭遇不测。(fr fear)
【小题5】虽然现代社会物资丰富，给予消费者更多的选择，但也使不少人变成购物狂。(turn)
【答案】
【小题1】I’m accustmed t listening t sme light music befre sleep.
【小题2】It’s up t yu what kind f life will lead in the future.
【小题3】There is nthing mre exciting than being allwed t take part in the space travel prgramme.
【小题4】Parents ask their kids nt t play by the river fr fear that smething terrible might happen.
II. Guided Writing
Directins: Write an English cmpsitin in 120-150 wrds accrding t the instructins given belw in Chinese.
学校英语报正在酝酿改版，拟从现有的三个栏目（健康、娱乐、文化）中去除一个，并从三个备选栏目（时尚、职业规划、读者反馈）中挑选一个纳入该报。假设你是该校学生程飞，给校报编辑写一封电子邮件，表达你的观点。邮件须包括以下内容：
1. 你建议去除的栏目及去除的理由；
2. 你建议增加的栏目及增加的理由。
考点：考查提纲类书面表达
What is critical thinking in reading?
Assessing the writer’s ideas and thinking abut the 21 f what the writer is saying.
What is the first step in reading an academic text critically?
Finding ut the argument and the writer's main line f 22 .
What may serve as the evidence?
23 , survey results, examples, etc.
What is the key t critical thinking?
T read actively and 24 .
第一大题第1至第10小题，每题1分；第11至第16小题，每题2分：第17至第24小题，每题1分。共30分。
1. A 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.A 8.C 9.C 10.B
11.C 12.D 13.B 14.C 15.A 16.B
17. cnference 18. daylight 19. mving 20. vercrwded
21. implicatins and cnclusins 22. reasning 23. Figures 24. keep questining
第二大题每小题1分。共26分。
25. where 26. T earn 27. as sn as / as lng as 28. exhausted 29. if
30. what 31. adapting 32. did 33. an 34. is equipped 35. which
36. myself 37. mre apprpriate 38. has frced 39. urging 40. t
41. G 42. C 43.1 44. F 45. E 46. B 47. K 48. J 49. A 50. H
第三大题第51至65小题，每题1分；第“至”小题，每题2分；第78至81小题，每题2分。共47分。
51. C 52. B 53. A 54. D 55. A 56. B 57. C 58. D 59. A 60. C
61. D 62. D 63. B 64. B 65. C 66. D 67. B 68. A 69. A 70. C
71.D 72.B 73.A 74.B 75.A 76.D 77.C
78. sharehlders and emplyees
79. Cmpanies talk t nn-gvernmental rganisatins (NGOs) and t gvernments. / Cmpanies
create cdes f cnduct. / Cmpanies devte themselves t mre transparency in their peratins. / Cmpanies set cmmn rules with their cmpetitrs t spread risks.
80. create value
81. take scial respnsibilities
第II卷
I．翻译共22分。
1. I'm accustmed t listening t sme light music befre sleep.
2. It's up t yu what kind f life yu will lead in the future.
3. There is nthing mre exciting than being allwed t take part in the space travel prgram.
4. Parents ask their kids nt t play by the river fr fear that smething terrible might happen.
5. While mdern sciety, rich in material resurces, has given cnsumers mre chices, it als turns many f them int crazy shppers.
II．写作共25分。
Dear Editr,
I’ve learned that ur English Pst is being refrmed and ne f the three clumns is t be replaced by a new ne. I’m writing this e-mail t share with yu my pinins.
Needless t say, the clumns will definitely be designed accrding t students’ interest and have psitive effects n their study and life.
Cmpared t the entertainment , I hld the view that the value f the clumns cncerning health and culture is mre imprtant . The main factr is that it is f great significance t keep healthy while lss f health means kissing gdbye t life. Cnsequently, mre knwledge f hw t keep fit can imprve the quality f life. In additin, the prgress in acquiring cultures cntributes t bradening ne’s hrizns, which in turn is beneficial t ne’s study and the establishment f philsphy f life.
Furthermre, the career planning shuld be taken int accunt in the schl English Pst . On the ne hand, it cvers ne’s career develpment a great deal .On the ther hand, it makes a great difference t ne’s career success in the future.
What has been mentined abve is my persnal ideas. Here I am in the hpe that my advice will add a brilliant tuch t the imprved versin f ur schl English Pst.
Yurs sincerely,
Cheng Fei
2014年上海英语高考听力原文
I. Listening Cmprehensin
Sectin A
Directins: In sectin A, yu will hear ten shrt cnversatins between tw speakers. At the end f each cnversatin, a questin will be asked abut what was said. The cnversatin and the questin will be spken nly nce. After yu hear a cnversatin and the questin abut it, read the fur pssible answers n yur paper, and decide which ne is the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
1. W: What can I d fr yu, sir?
M: I want t reprt a theft. My briefcase was stlen.
Q: Wh is mst prbably the wman?
2. W: Yu will take care, wn’t yu? The rads are very very icy.
M: I will drive very slwly. I prmise.
Q: Hw des the wman feel?
3. M: Mrning, I have a reservatin. The name is Blake Smith.
W: OK. We’ve gt a nice car ready. I’ll need t see yur driver’s license and yur credit card.
Q: Where des the cnversatin mst prbably take place?
4. W: CCTV is reprting an enrmus fld nw! Lk at thse peple n the rf.
M: I hpe it desn’t cause much damage.
Q: What are the tw speakers talking abut?
5. W: Wuld yu help me clean the backyard tday?
M: Sure. I am picking Jane up frm the railway statin at 3, but I will help yu as sn as I get back.
Q: What will the man d first?
6. W: The vase is amazing! But it’s a bit mre than I want t spend.
M: Maybe yu can get a better price.It can’t hurt t ask.
Q: What des the man suggest the wmen d?
7. W: My cmputer’s brken dwn. Culd I use yurs t write a chemistry paper?
M: Srry, I am in the middle f revising my reprt. Yu knw, the cmputer lab is still pen.
Q: What des the man imply the wmen shuld d?
8. W: I’ve declined their ffer t exhibit sme f my paintings in this gallery.
M: Are yu kidding? Any art student I knw wuld die t have an exhibitin here.
Q: Hw des the man feel n hearing the wman’s decisin?
9. M: Yu are nt planning t transfer t a different university next year, are yu?
W: If I were, yu’d be the firstt knw.
Q: What des the wman imply?
10. M: Did yu read the editrial in the newspaper abut the mayr’s speech?
M: I sure did. But I think they twisted the meaning f what he said.
Q: What des the man say f the editrial?
Sectin B
Directins: In sectin B, yu will hear tw shrt passages, and yu will be asked three questins n each f the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questins will be spken nly nce. When yu hear a questin, read the fur pssible answers n yur paper, and decide which ne wuld be the best answer t the questin yu ave heard.
Questins 11 thrugh 13 are based n the fllwing passage.
Abut 70 miles nrth-east f Vancuver is ne f Canada’s mst beautiful turist regins. Visitrs cme t enjy fishing, skiing r the splendid muntain scenery. Over 20 years ag, Kirsty Burne, a successful businesswman, came here and funded Paradise Ridge, a cabin park.
She said, “I wanted t live smewhere where everybdy knws everybdy else and all yur prblems are shared.” Paradise Ridge is nw hme t 25 families. Each family wns their wn small cabin, but they share wnership f the park and the cmmn facilities. This is a real,living cmmunity, and residents aren’t allwed t use their cabins as a hliday hme.
The heart f the Paradise Ridge cmmunity is a large huse. Shared meals take place 3 times a week and nce a mnth there is a meeting when imprtant decisins are made. Families can sell their hmes if they want t leave, but the whle cmmunity must vte n new families befre they are allwed t jin.
“Keeping the cmmunity tgether is hard wrk,” says Kirsty. “Everybdy has t take respnsibility fr the day-t-day running f the cmmunity.But it seems that there is n shrtage f the families wh want t jin. There are 75 n the waiting list.”
11. Hw many families are living in the Paradise Ridge nw?
12. What is special abut Paradise Ridge?
13. What is the passage mainly abut?
Questins 14 thrugh 16 are based n the fllwing passage.
It’s 3 p.m.,time fr news frm the Wrld f Medicine.
Des sitting make yu sad? Australian researchers fund that middle-aged wmen wh sat fr ver 7 hurs a day were 47 percent mre likely t shw signs f depressin than thse wh sat fr 4 hurs r fewer. Thse wh engaged in n physical activity were 26 percent mre likely t have symptms f depressin 3 years later than thse wh exercised regularly. Sitting fr lng perids has als been linked t heart disease.
Hw can yu detect a liar thrugh text message? Watch fr a delayed respnse. When cllege students were asked t tell a lie during an interview with a cmputer, they tk 10 percent lnger n average t send the message, and they did mre editing than usual.
Can marriage beat cancer? Married peple were 20 percent less likely t die frm the disease than thse wh were unmarried, accrding t a Harvard study f mre than 730,000 peple. They were als mre likely t get the disease detected at an earlier stage and receive prper treatment. A husband r wife can urge yu t seek medical help and supprt yu during tugh chemical therapy, radiatin, and ther treatments.
14. Wh were mst likely t suffer frm depressin accrding t Australian researchers?
15. Hw did students behave when they tld a lie during an interview with a cmputer?
16 What is the third piece f news mainly abut?
Sectin C
Directins: In sectin C, yu will hear tw lnger cnversatins. The cnversatins will be read twice. After yu hear each cnversatin, yu are required t fill in the numbered blanks with the infrmatin yu have heard. Write yur answers n yur answer sheet.
Blanks 17 thrugh 20 are based n the fllwing cnversatin.
W: Excuse me, I’m Linda Lee frm the Airprt Research Divisin. May I ask yu a few questins abut the envirnment andfacilities here?
M: OK.
W: Are yu n a business trip?
M: Yes, I’m heading ff fr a cnference in Lndn.
W: What d yu like mst abut the airprt envirnment?
M: Well, I really appreciate the daylight.
W: Daylight?
M: Yes.The windws here make it seem as if yu’re utside. Anther thing I like is the mving walkways. Yu dn’t have t walk fr miles t the barding gate.
W: I see. Anything yu dn’t like?
M: shps are ften vercrwded. There is nt enugh space t mve arund cmfrtably.And als I suppse the trlleys are t small.
W: Well, thanks fr yur time.
Cmplete the frm. Write ONE WORD fr each answer.
Blanks 21 thrugh 24 are based n the fllwing cnversatin.
W: Prfessr King, what exactly is critical thinking?
M: Well, when yu read critically, yu shuld assess the writer’s ideas and think abut the implicatins andcnclusins f what the writer is saying.
W: Can yu give me an example?
M: When yu read an academic text, first, yu shuld identify the argument and wrk ut the writer’s main line f reasning.
W: OK. What then?
M: Try t analyze and criticize the argument.
W: I see. That’s why yu ften ask whether the argument is presented in a lgical way.
M: Right! Then, assess the evidence the writer gives yu. That may be in the frm f figures, survey results, examples, etc.
W: Hw abut the writer’s cnclusins?
M: Ask yurself if they are supprted by the evidence.
W: Gt it. Thanks, Prfessr King.
M: Remember, the key t critical thinking is t read actively and keep asking yurself questins rather than just accepting.
Cmplete the frm. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS fr each answer.
答案：
1. A 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.A 8.C 9.C 10.B
11.C 12.D 13.B 14.C 15.A 16.B
17. cnference 18. daylight 19. mving 20. vercrwded
21. implicatins and cnclusins 22. reasning 23. Figures 24. keep questining
2014年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试
上海 英语试卷
第I卷 （共103分）
I. Listening Cmprehensin
Sectin A
Directins: In Sectin A, yu will hear ten shrt cnversatins between tw speakers. At the end f each cnversatin, a questin will be asked abut what was said. The cnversatins and the questins will be spken nly nce. After yu hear a cnversatin and the questin abut it, read the fur pssible answers n yur paper, and decide which ne is the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
1. A. plicewman.B. A judge. C. A reprter. D. A waitress.
2. A. Cnfident. B. Puzzled. C. Satisfied. D. Wrried.
3. A. At a restaurant.B. At a car rental agency.
C. In a bank. D. In a driving schl.
4. A. A disaster. B. A new rf. C. A perfrmance. D. A TV statin.
5. A. Catch the train. B. Meet Jane.
C. Get sme statinery. D. Clean the backyard.
6. A. Ask fr smething cheaper. B. Buy the vase she really likes.
C. Prtect herself frm being hurt.D. Bargain with the shp assistant.
7. A. Use a cmputer in the lab. B. Take a chemistry curse.
C. Help him revise his reprt. D. Gel her cmputer repaired.
8. A. Amused. B. Embarrassed. C. Shcked. D. Sympathetic.
9.A. She desn't plan t cntinue studying next year.
B. She has already tld the man abut her plan.
C. She isn’t planning t leave her university.
D. She recently visited a different university.
10.A. It spke highly f the mayr.B. It misinterpreted the mayr’s speech.
C. It made the mayr’s view clearer.D. It earned the mayr’s speech accurately.
Sectin B
Directins: In Sectin B, yu will hear tw shrt passages, and yu will be asked three questins n each f the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questins will be spken nly nce. When yu hear a questin, read the fur pssible answers n yur paper and decide which ne wuld be the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
Questins 11 thrugh 13 are based n the fllwing passage.
11. A. 70B. 20C. 25.D. 75
12. A. The huses there can't be B. It is a place fr wrk and hliday.
C. he cabins and facilities D. It is run by the residents themselves.
13. A. A skiing B. A special cmmunity
C. A splendid muntain D. A successful businesswman
Questins 14 thrugh 16 are based n the fllwing news.
14. A. Thse wh ften sent text messages.B. Thse wh suffered frm heart disease.
C. Thse wh did n physical exercise. D. whse wh were unmarried
15. A. They respnded mre slwly than usual.B. They sent mre messages.
C. They typed 10 percent faster n average.D. They edited mre passages.
16. A. Why chemical therapy wrks.
B. Why marriage helps fight cant
C. Hw unmarried peple survive
D. Hw cancer is detected after marriage.
Sectin C
Directins: In Sectin C, yu will hear tw lnger cnversatins. The cnversatins will be read twice. After yu hear each cnversatin, yu are required t fill in the numbered blanks with the infrmatin yu have heard. Write yur answers n yur answer sheet.
Blanks 17 thrugh 20 are based n the fllwing cnversatin.
Cmplete the frm. Write ONE WORD fr each answer.
Travelers’ Survey Sheet
Travel purpse: fr a(n) 17 in Lndn
Cmments n the airprt envirnment / facilities:
Likes: • 18
• 19 walkways
Dislikes: • 20 shps
• small trlleys
Blanks 21 thrugh 24 are based n the fllwing cnversatin.
Cmplete the frm. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS fr each answer.
II. Grammar and vcabulary
Sectin A
Directins: After reading the passages belw, fill in the blanks t make the passages cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
(A)
My Stay in New Yrk
After graduatin frm university, I had been unable t secure a permanent jb in my small twn. S I decided t leave hme fr New Yrk, (25)______I might have a better chance t find a gd jb. (26) ______ (earn) sme mney t pay the daily expenses, I started wrk in a lcal café as a waiter. I believe that (27) ______ ______ ______ I was ffered a gd psitin, I wuld resign at nce.
Over time, the high cst f living became a little burden n my already (28) ______ (exhaust) shulder. On the ther hand, my search fr a respectable jb had nt met with much success. As I had studied literature at university, I fund it quite difficult t secure a suitable jb in big cmpanies. Mther had just said that (29) ______ I want t have a better career advancement, I had t find wrk in the city. Perhaps (30) ______my mther had tld me was deeply rted in my mind. I just did as she had expected.
Sn I had lived in the city fr ver six mnths but I still did nt like it. Apparently, I had difficulty (31) ______ (adapt) myself t life in the city, let alne finding a jb t my delight. After nine mnths f frustratin, I eventually decided t g back t my small twn. Nt until I returned (32) ______I realize that a quiet twn life was the best fr me.
【小题4】过了一段时间，高生活成本在我已经疲惫的肩膀成了一个负担。考查形容词“疲惫的”：exhausted
【小题5】 妈妈说过，如果我想有个更好的事业的进步，我就得到城市里面找工作。这里需要连词“如果”：if
【小题6】妈妈说的话深深的扎根到我的思想中了。What引导的是主语从句。
【小题7】很显然我适应城市的生活有困难。这里使用了have difficulty in ding sth，所以填动名词：adapting
【小题8】直到我回来我才发现安静的小镇生活对我才是最好的。Nt until放在句首，后面的主句要倒装。用助动词did提到主语前面。
考点：考查故事类短文
(B)
The giant vending machine (自动售货机) is a new village shp
Villagers have lng been used t facing a drive when they run ut f basic supplies. Hwever, help is nw nearer at hand in frm f the cuntry’s first autmatic push-buttn shp. Nw residents in the Derbyshire Village f Cliftn can buy grceries arund the clck after the huge vending was installed utside a pub in the village this week.
Peter Fx, wh is (33)______electrical engineer, spent tw and a half years wrking n the prject. The machine (34)______ (equip) with securing cameras and alarms and lks like a mini shp with a brick frnt, a grey rf and a display windw.
Mr. Fx said he hped his inventin, (35)______ is set t be installed in ther villages in the area ver the cming mnths, will mark a return t cnvenience shpping fr rural cmmunities.
He said:“ I had this idea a few years ag but I culdn’t find a manufacture wh culd deliver what I wanted, s I did it by (36)______. The result is what amunts t huge utdr vending machine. Yet I think the term “autmatic shp” is far (37)______ (apprpriate)
In recent years, the cmmercial pressure frm supermarket chains (38)______ frce village shps acrss the cuntry t clse. In 2010, it was estimated that abut 400 village shps clsed, (39)______ (urge) the lcal gvernment t give financial supprt t struggling shps r set-up new cmmunities stres.
Hundreds f cmmunities have since stepped in and pened up their wn vlunteer-run shps, but Mr. Fx hpes his new inventin will ffer a slutin (40)______these villages withut a lcal shp.
Sectin B
Directins: Cmplete the fllwing passage by using the wrds in the bx. Each wrd can nly be used nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
A. alert B. classify C. cmmit D. delicately E. gentle F. impse
G. labels H. mderatin I. relieve J. signals K. simply
Let's say yu've decided yu want t eat mre healthfully. Hwever, yu dn't have time t carefully plan menus fr meals r read fd __41__ at the supermarket. Since yu really__42__ yurself t a healthier lifestyle, a little help wuld cme in handy, wuldn't it? This is where a "chice architect" can help__43__sme f the burden f ding it all yurself. Chice architects are peple wh rganize the cntexts in which custmers make decisins. Fr example, the persn wh decides the layut f yur lcal supermarket-including which shelf the peanut butter ges n, and hw the ranges are piled up—is a chice architect.
Gvernments dn't have t__44__healthier lifestyles thrugh laws fr example, smking bans. Rather, if given an envirnment created by a chice architect-ne that encurages us t chse what is best-we will d the right things. In ther wrds, there will be designs that gently push custmers tward making healthier chices, withut remving freedm f chice. This idea cmbines freedm t chse with__45__hints frm chice architects, wh aim t help peple live lnger, healthier, and happier lives.
The British and Swedish gvernments have intrduced a s-called "traffic light system" t __46__fds as healthy r unhealthy. This means that custmers can see at a glance hw much fat, sugar, and salt each prduct cntains__47__by lking at the lights n the package. A green light __48__that the amunts f the three nutrients are healthy; yellw indicates that the custmer shuld be__49__; and red means that the fd is high in at least ne f the three nutrients and shuld be eaten in __50__. The custmer is given imprtant health infrmatin, but is still free t decide what t chse.
【小题8】绿色的灯表示这三种营养的含量是健康的。这里需要动词“发信号，表示”signal，所以选J
【小题9】黄灯表示消费者应该警觉了。这里使用形容词“警觉的“alert”，所以选A
【小题10】红灯表示这些食物至少有一种营养是含量很高的，所以应该被适当的食用。考查名词“适度”mderatin，所以选H
考点：考查健康类短文
III. Reading Cmprehensin
Sectin A
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
Research has shwn that tw-thirds f human cnversatin is taken up nt with discussin f the cultural r plitical prblems f the day, nt heated debates abut films we've just watched r bks we've just finished reading, but plain and simple __51__.
Language is ur greatest treasure as a species, and what d we __52__ d with it? We gssip. Abut thers' behaviur and private lives, such as wh's ding what with whm, wh's in and wh's ut-and why; hw t deal with difficult __53__ situatins invlving children, lvers, and clleagues.
S why are we keen n gssiping? Are we just natural __54__, f bth time and wrds? Or d we talk a lt abut nthing in particular simply t avid facing up t the really imprtant issues f life? It's nt the case accrding t Prfessr Rbin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest bk, Grming, Gssip and the Evlutin f Language, the psychlgist says gssip is ne f these really__55__issues.
Dunbar __56__ the traditinal view that language was develped by the men at the early stage f scial develpment in rder t rganize their manly hunting activities mre effectively, r even t prmte the exchange f petic stries abut their rigins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evlved amng wmen. We dn't spend tw-thirds f ur time gssiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar—__57__, he ges n t say, language evlved specifically t allw us t gssip.
Dunbar arrived at his cheery thery by studying the __58__ f the higher primates（灵长类动物）like mnkeys. By means f grming--cleaning the fur by brushing it, mnkeys frm grups with ther individuals n whm they can rely fr supprt in the event f sme kind f cnflict within the grup r__59__ frm utside it.
As we human beings evlve frm a particular branch f the primate family, Dunbar __60__ that at ne time in ur histry we did much the same. Gruping tgether made sense because the bigger the grup, the greater the __61__ it prvided; n the ther hand, the bigger the grup, the greater the stresses f living clse t thers. Grming helped t __62__ the pressure and calm everybdy dwn.
But as the grups gt bigger and bigger, the amunt f time spent in grming activities als had t be __63__ t maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a mre __64__ kind f grming was needed, and thus language evlved as a kind f vcal（有声的）grming which allwed humans t develp relatinship with ever-larger grups by exchanging infrmatin ver a wider netwrk f individuals than wuld be pssible by ne-t-ne __65__ cntact.
【小题1】 A. claim B. descriptin C. gssip D. language
【小题2】A. ccasinally B. habitually C. independently D. riginally
【小题3】 A. scial B. plitical C. histrical D. cultural
【小题4】 A. admirers B. masters C. users D. wasters
【小题5】 A. vital B. sensitive C. ideal D. difficult
【小题6】A. cnfirms B. rejects C. utlines D. bradens
【小题7】A. fr instance B. in additin C. n the cntrary D. as a result
【小题8】A. mtivatin B. appearance C. emtin D. behaviur
【小题9】A. attack B. cntact C. inspectin D. assistance
【小题10】A. recalls B. denies C. cncludes D. cnfesses
【小题11】A. prspect B. respnsibility C. leadership D. prtectin
【小题12】A. measure B. shw C. maintain D. ease
【小题13】A. saved B. extended C. cnsumed D. gained
【小题14】A. cmmn B. efficient C. scientific D. Thughtful
【小题15】A. indirect B. daily C. physical D. secret
【答案】
【小题1】C
【小题2】B
【小题3】A
【小题4】D
【小题5】A
【小题6】B
【小题7】C
【小题8】D
【小题9】A
【小题10】C
【小题11】D
【小题12】D
【小题13】B
【小题14】B
【小题15】C
【解析】
【小题12】D考查动词辨析。根据上文：n the ther hand, the bigger the grup, the greater the stresses f living Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
Mst peple agree that hnesty is a gd thing. But des Mther Nature agree? Animals can't talk, but can they lie in ther ways? Can they lie with their bdies and behavir? Animal experts may nt call it lying, but they d agree that many animals, frm birds t chimpanzees, behave dishnestly t fl ther animals. Why? Dishnesty ften helps them survive.
Many kinds f birds are very successful at fling ther animals. Fr example, a bird called the plver smetimes pretends t be hurt in rder t prtect its yung. When a predatr（猎食动物）gets clse t its nest, the plver leads the predatr away frm the nest. Hw? It pretends t have a brken wing. The predatr fllws the "hurt" adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.
Anther kind f bird, the scrub jay, buries its fd s it always has smething t eat. Scrub jays are als thieves. They watch where thers bury their fd and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem t knw when a thief is watching them. S they g back later, unbury the fd, and bury it again smewhere else.
Birds called cucks have fund a way t have babies withut ding much wrk. Hw? They dn't make nests. Instead, they get int ther birds' nests secretly. Then they lay their eggs and fly away. When the baby birds cme ut, their adptive parents feed them.
Chimpanzees, r chimps, can als be sneaky. After a fight, the lsing chimp will give its hand t the ther. When the winning chimp puts ut its hand, t, the chimps are friendly again. But an animal expert nce saw a lsing chimp take the winner's hand and start fighting again.
Chimps are sneaky in ther ways, t. When chimps find fd that they lve, such as bananas, it is natural fr them t cry ut. Then ther chimps cme running. But sme clever chimps learn t cry very sftly when they find fd. That way, ther chimps dn't hear them, and they dn't need t share their fd.
As children, many f us learn the saying "Yu can't fl Mther Nature." But maybe yu can't trust her, either.
【小题1】A plver prtects its yung frm a predatr by______.
A. getting clser t its yung B. driving away the adult predatr
C. leaving its yung in anther nest D. pretending t be injured
【小题2】By "Chimpanzees, r chimps, can als be sneaky" (paragraph 5), the authr means______.
A. chimps are ready t attack thers B. chimps are smetimes dishnest
C. chimps are jealus f the winners D. chimps can be selfish t
【小题3】Which f the fllwing is true accrding t the passage?
A. Sme chimps lwer their cry t keep fd away frm thers.
B. The lsing chimp wn the fight by taking the winner's hand.
C. Cucks fl their adptive parents by making n nests.
D. Sme clever scrub jays ften steal their fd back.
【小题4】Which f the fllwing might be the best title f the passage?
A. D animals lie? B. Des Mther Nature fl animals?
C. Hw d animals learn t lie? D. Hw des hnesty help animals survive?
【答案】
【小题1】D
【小题2】B
【小题3】A
【小题4】A
【解析】
【小题1】细节题：根据第二段的第二句话：a bird called the plver smetimes pretends t be hurt in rder t (B)
Let's say yu want t hit the gym mre regularly this year. Hw d yu make that happen? Cnsider putting the habit lp t use.
Here's hw it wrks:
A habit is a 3-step prcess. First, there's a cue, smething that tells yur brain t perate autmatically. Then there's a rutine. And finally, a reward, which helps yur brain learn t desire the behavir. It's what yu can use t create-r break-habits f yur wn.
Here's hw t apply it:
Chse a cue, like leaving yur running shes by the dr, then pick. a reward-say, a piece f chclate when yu get hme frm the gym. That way, the cue and the reward becme intercnnected. Finally, when yu see the shes, yur brain will start lnging fr the reward, which will make it easier t wrk ut day after day. The best part? In a cuple f weeks, yu wn't need the chclate at all. Yur brain will cme t see the wrkut itself as the reward. Which is the whle pint, right?
【小题1】Which f the fllwing best fits in the bx with a “?” in THE HABIT LOOP?
A. Pick a new cue. B. Frm a new habit.
C. Chse a new reward. D. Design a new reslutin.
【小题2】Accrding t THE HABIT LOOP, yu can stick t yur plan mst effectively by______.
A. changing the rutine B. trying it fr a week
C. adjusting yur gal D. writing it dwn
【小题3】. What's the purpse f putting the habit lp t use?
A. T test ut different kinds f cues.
B. T d smething as a habit even withut rewards.
C. T wrk ut the best New Year's reslutin.
D. T mtivate yurself with satisfactry rewards.
【小题4】 “This year when I see the Harry Ptter pster, I will read 30 pages f an English nvel r an English newspaper in rder t watch TV fr half an hur." What is the cue in this reslutin?
A. The Harry Ptter pster.
B. Reading 30 pages f an English nvel.
C. An English newspaper.
D. Watching TV fr half an hur.
【答案】
【小题1】C
【小题2】D
【小题3】B
【小题4】A
【解析】
【小题1】推理题：根据文章图表里面内容的句子：可知如果对这个奖励不满意，可以选择一个新的奖励，Chse a new reward最适合The Habit Lp里面的有问号的方框，所以选C。
(C)
If yu culd be anybdy in the wrld, wh wuld it be? Yur neighbur r a super star? A few peple have experienced what it might be like t step int the skin f anther persn, thanks t an unusual virtual reality（虚拟现实）device. Rikke Wahl, an actress, mdel and artist, was ne f the participants in a bdy swapping experiment at the Be Anther lab, a prject develped by a grup f artists based in Barcelna. She swapped with her partner, an actr, using a machine called The Machine t Be Anther and temprarily became a man. "As I lked dwn, I saw my whle bdy as a man, dressed in my partner's pants," she said. "That's the picture I remember best."
The set-up is relatively simple. Bth users wear a virtual reality headset with a camera n the tp. The vide frm each camera is sent t the ther persn, s what yu see is the exact view f yur partner. If she mves her arm, yu see it. If yu mve yur arm, she sees it.
T get used t seeing anther persn's bdy withut actually having cntrl f it, participants start by raising their arms and legs very slwly, s that the ther can fllw alng. Eventually, this kind f slw synchrnised（同步的）mvement becmes cmfrtable, and participants really start t feel as thugh they are living in anther persn's bdy.
Using such technlgy prmises t alter peple's behaviur afterwards-ptentially fr the better. Studies have shwn that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism-the bias（偏见）that humans have against thse wh dn't lk r sund like them. Researchers at the University f Barcelna gave peple a questinnaire called the Implicit Assciatin Test, which measures the strength f peple's assciatins between, fr instance, black peple and adjectives such as gd, bad, athletic r awkward. Then they asked them t cntrl the bdy f a dark skinned digital character using virtual reality glasses, befre taking the test again. This time, the participants' bias scres were lwer. The idea is that nce yu've "put yurself in anther's shes" yu're less likely t think ill f them, because yur brain has internalised the feeling f being that persn.
The creatrs f The Machine t Be Anther hpe t achieve a similar result. "At the end f bdy swapping, peple feel like hlding each ther in their arms," says Arthur Pinteau, a prgrammer with the prject. "It's a really nice way t have this kind f experience. I wuld really, really recmmend it t everyne."
【小题1】The wrd "swapping" (paragraph 1) is clsest in meaning t______.
A. building B. exchanging C. cntrlling D. transplanting
【小题2】 We can infer frm the experiment at the Be Anther lab that______.
A. ur feelings are related t ur bdily experience
B. we can learn t take cntrl f ther peple's bdies
C. participants will live mre passinately after the experiment
D. The Machine t Be Anther can help peple change their sexes
【小题3】 In the Implicit Assciatin Test, befre the participants used virtual reality glasses t cntrl a dark skinned digital character, ______.
A. they fught strngly against racism
B. they scred lwer n the test fr racism
C. they changed their behaviur dramatically
D. they were mre biased against thse unlike them
【小题4】 It can be cncluded frm the passage that______.
A. technlgy helps peple realize their dreams
B. ur biases culd be eliminated thrugh experiments
C. virtual reality helps prmte understanding amng peple
D. ur pints f view abut thers need changing cnstantly
Sectin C
Directins: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questins r cmplete the statements in the fewest pssible wrds.
Mre and mre crpratins are taking an interest in crprate scial respnsibility (CSR). CSR is made up f three brad layers. The mst basic is traditinal crprate charity wrk. Cmpanies typically spend abut 1% f pre-tax prfits n wrthy prjects. But many feel that simply writing cheques t charities is n lnger enugh. In sme cmpanies, sharehlders want t knw that their mney is being put t gd use, and emplyees want t be actively invlved in gd wrks.
Mney alne is nt the answer when cmpanies cme under attack fr their behavir. Hence the secnd layer f CSR, which is a branch f risk management. Starting in the 1980s, with envirnmental disasters such as the explsin at Bhpal and the Exxn Valdez il spill, industry after industry has suffered blws t its reputatin.
S, cmpanies ften respnded by trying t manage the risks. They talk t nn-gvernmental rganisatins (NGOs) and t gvernments, create cdes f cnduct（行为准则) and devte themselves t mre transparency（透明）in their peratins. Increasingly, t. they, alng with their cmpetitrs, set cmmn rules t spread risks.
All this is largely defensive, but there are als pprtunities fr thse that get ahead f the game. The emphasis n pprtunity is the third layer f CSR: the idea that it can help t create value. If apprached in a strategic way, CSR culd becme part f a cmpany's cmpetitive advantage. That is just the srt f thing chief executives like t hear. The idea f "ding well by ding gd" has becme ppular.
Nevertheless, the business f trying t be gd is bringing difficult questins t executives. Can yu measure CSR perfrmance? Shuld yu be cperating with NGOs and yu’re yur cmpetitrs? Is there any really cmpetitive advantage t be had frm a green strategy?
Crprate scial respnsibility is nw seen as a mainstream. Big cmpanies want t tell the wrld abut their gd citizenship with their devtin t scial respnsibilities. Dne badly, CSR is ften just windw-dressing and can be psitively harmful. Dne well, thugh, it is nt sme separate activity that cmpanies d n the side, a crner f crprate life reserved fr virtue（美德）：it is just gd business.
(Nte: Answer the questins r cmplete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)
【小题1】Bth _________ in sme cmpanies find it n lnger enugh t simply dnate mney t charities.
【小题2】Give ne example f the defensive measures f risk management accrding t the passage.
【小题3】With the emphasis n pprtunity, the third layer f CSR is meant t_________.
【小题4】Accrding t the passage, "gd business" (paragraph 6) means that crpratins ________ while making prfits.
【答案】
【小题1】Sharehlders and emplyees
【小题2】Cmpanies talk t nn-gvernment rganizatins(NGOs) and t gvernments./Cmpanies create cdes f cnduct. /Cmpanies devte themselves t mre transparency in their peratins./Cmpanies set cmmn rules with their cmpetitrs t spread risks.
【小题3】Create value
【小题4】 take scial respnsibilities
【解析】
第II卷（共47分）
I. Translatin
Directins: Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets.
【小题1】我习惯睡前听点轻音乐。(accustmed)
【小题2】将来过怎样的生活取决于你自己。(be up t)
【小题3】没有什么比获准参加太空旅行项目更令人兴奋的了。(than)
【小题4】家长嘱咐孩子别在河边嬉戏，以免遭遇不测。(fr fear)
【小题5】虽然现代社会物资丰富，给予消费者更多的选择，但也使不少人变成购物狂。(turn)
【答案】
【小题1】I’m accustmed t listening t sme light music befre sleep.
【小题2】It’s up t yu what kind f life will lead in the future.
【小题3】There is nthing mre exciting than being allwed t take part in the space travel prgramme.
【小题4】Parents ask their kids nt t play by the river fr fear that smething terrible might happen.
II. Guided Writing
Directins: Write an English cmpsitin in 120-150 wrds accrding t the instructins given belw in Chinese.
学校英语报正在酝酿改版，拟从现有的三个栏目（健康、娱乐、文化）中去除一个，并从三个备选栏目（时尚、职业规划、读者反馈）中挑选一个纳入该报。假设你是该校学生程飞，给校报编辑写一封电子邮件，表达你的观点。邮件须包括以下内容：
1. 你建议去除的栏目及去除的理由；
2. 你建议增加的栏目及增加的理由。
考点：考查提纲类书面表达
What is critical thinking in reading?
Assessing the writer’s ideas and thinking abut the 21 f what the writer is saying.
What is the first step in reading an academic text critically?
Finding ut the argument and the writer's main line f 22 .
What may serve as the evidence?
23 , survey results, examples, etc.
What is the key t critical thinking?
T read actively and 24 .
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