北京市海淀区2023-2024学年高二下学期7月期末考试英语试卷（Word版附解析）

这是一份北京市海淀区2023-2024学年高二下学期7月期末考试英语试卷（Word版附解析），共33页。试卷主要包含了07等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2024.07
本试卷共8页，共四大部分，57道小题，满分100分。考试时长90分钟。试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，请将答题卡交回。
第一部分：听力理解（共三节，18分）
第一节（共4小题；每小题1分，共4分）
听下面4段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。
1. When will the speakers have the meeting?
A. At 9 ’clck. B. At 11 ’clck. C. At 12 ’clck.
2. What service des the man request?
A. Rm service. B. A wake-up call. C. Checking ut.
3. Which type f mvies des the wman prefer?
A. Thrillers. B. Rmances. C. Dcumentaries.
4. What is the man ding?
A. Checking the flight number.
B. Lking fr the barding gate.
C. Asking abut airprt facilities.
第二节（共8小题；每小题1分，共8分）
听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。
听第5段材料，回答第5至6小题。
5. What activity will the tw speakers jin in?
A. Sprts games. B. Music festivals. C. Cking cmpetitins.
6. Where can the speakers get the frm?
A. In the library. B. In the head teacher’s ffice. C. In the music hall.
听第6段材料，回答第7至8小题。
7. What makes the man feel dwn lately?
A. Failing the exams. B. Lsing cnfidence. C. Perfrming badly in the drama.
8. What des the wman advise the man t d?
A. Pay attentin t utcmes. B. Practise t be perfect. C. Fcus n the prgress.
听第7段材料，回答第9至10小题。
9. What is the man ding?
A. Making a cmplaint. B. Canceling a tur. C. Seeking fr advice.
10. What will the man prbably decide t d?
A. Take a hiking trip. B. Ride in a ht air balln. C. C n a muntain biking tur.
听第8段材料，回答第11至12小题。
11. What is the aim f the Tech Festival?
A. T guide students t apply technlgy t real life.
B. T help students keep up with the latest innvatin.
C. T shw students’ technlgical talents and creativity.
12. What can students d in the cding cmpetitin?
A. Judge thers’ creatin. B. Develp an applicatin. C. Reprt real-life prblems.
第三节（共4小题；每小题1.5分，共6分）
听下面一段独白，完成第13至16四道小题，每小题仅填写一个词。听独白前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段独白你将听两遍。
第二部分：知识运用（共两节，25分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）
阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
When mst teenagers his age are preparing fr cmpetitive exams r training t be athletes, Henry Burner, struggling with dyslexia (阅读障碍), decided t chart his wn rute fr success.
At the age f 10, his class ____1____ a trading pst, where students wuld sell and buy gds with heads. His mm suggested making cupcakes, but Burner refused. “Mm, the baked gds market is ging t be ttally versaturated (过度饱和的). Few students make things that last lng. We need t make smething ____2____.” S he pulled ut his mm’s ld buttn machine and made buttns. When Burner ended up with the mst bends at the trading pst, he felt fr the first time that he was really successful. Arriving hme, Burner asked his mm. “Can I make it a real business?” That was the ____3____ f Buttnsmith, a retail cmpany which nw has ver 10, 000 prducts available.
Alng with his regular schling, Burner played a large rle in the cmpany’s strategic decisin making and ____4____ his breaks and weekends wrking n the cmpany. Buttnsmith started frm the farmer’s market befre ging nline and ____5____, develping its wn website. After ging nline, Buttnsmith’s sales shwed a significant upward graph and reached millins f peple, and that was a (n) ____6____ pint. Since then he has greatly ____7____ prduct lines int many affrdable high quality prducts that allw peple t express wh they are t the wrld.
Starting with buttns, the cmpany has diversified its prduct ____8____ and currently prvides dg cllars, leashes, business cards, banners, etc. T stay ahead f cmpetitrs, Burner has ptimized Buttnsmith t have custm prducts made within minutes f the rder being ____9____ and makes sure the prducts are in the custmers’ hands within tw days.
After creating an impressive retail cmpany at hme, Buttnsmith is strategizing t spread its ____10____ t ther cuntries. “I lve being an entrepreneur.” cncluded Burner.
1 A. ranB. spttedC. decratedD. swept
2. A. stableB. prtableC. durableD. flexible
3. A. missinB. initiatinC. advantageD. perfrmance
4. A. killedB. delayedC. balancedD. invested
5. A. eventuallyB. hesitantlyC. frequentlyD. accidentally
6. A. regularB. tempraryC. crucialD. urgent
7. A. slidB. puredC. packedD. expanded
8. A. cstsB. sizesC. fferingsD. suppliers
9. A. shippedB. placedC. deletedD. tracked
10 A. rtsB. wishesC. tasteD. research
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分. 共15分）
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给出提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Giant panda Fu Ba arrived in Chengdu, Sichuan Prvince n April 3rd, 2024 after living in Suth Krea fr ver 3 years. Large screens were lit up ____11____ (welcme) Fu Ba hme. These large screen advertisements ____12____ (purchase) by dzens f fans. Fu Ba is the first giant panda brn in Suth Krea and a successful case f verseas breeding. Since the 1990s, China ____13____ (cnduct) giant panda cnservatin cperatin and research with institutins in ther cuntries. Currently, there are a lcal f 49 giant pandas abrad.
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给出提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Arund 90% f rad accidents are caused by human errrs, and self-driving cars with AI aim t slve the prblem. ____14____ they can d is n keep vehicle hardware healthy by driving strategically and safely. In this way, traffic vilatins and fines can be avided, ____15____ can help save csts. Drivers als benefit frm the ____16____ (integrate) f AI technlgy during lng trips as they can rest while the car’s system takes care f driving.
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给出提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
As summer vacatin appraches, study turs f primary and middle schl students have becme ppular. ____17____ (absrb) in academic studies at schl, students are left with little rm fr activities such as practical labr r hands-n experience. During the study turs, they cme ____18____ grups t majr attractins, museums and farms t learn while sightseeing. Educatinal trips ffer students precius ____19____ (pprtunity) t becme mre independent. By ____20____(engage) in independent living and prblem slving with peers, students can learn t navigate real-life situatins.
第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，32分）
第一节（共11小题；每小题2分，共22分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
When facing the task f deciding yur majr, yu shuld remember that the decisin yu make desn’t mean yu are nly destined fr ne path.
QUESTIONS TO ASK YOURSELF AS YOU MAKE YOUR DECISION
●D I have a career in mind?
Althugh yur majr des nt necessarily dictate yur career, sme jbs d require a certain field f study. If yu have yur future career in mind, d yur research and find ut the educatin requirements. If yu are at a lss with what yu want t d, g ahead and research different career fields. A certain jb might pique yur interest, and that culd prmpt yu t pick a certain majr.
●Hw much des mney matter?
Sme majrs d have higher ptential earnings than thers. If earning a lt f mney is a primary gal fr yu, search fr majrs that pay ff well. Feel free t reach ut t the Career Center fr mre infrmatin n higher-earning majrs and careers.
●What d I lve t d?
If yu lve what yu study, yu will be mre likely t pay full attentin t yur classes. which will prbably lead t better grades and valuable cnnectins in the field. Als yu will find yur cllege years mre fulfilling if yu cultivate yur passin!
TIPS FOR DISCOVERING WHAT INTERESTS YOU
●Explre different curses!
Dn’t take randm free electives just t meet the credit requirement fr graduatin. Explre different subjects! By branching ut f what yu knw, yu may discver an unexpected aptitude fr sprt management, r realize that yu lve psychlgy! Maybe an elective curse culd lead yu t yur majr.
●Meet with a CDC staff member!
Yur Career Develpment Center (CDC) is eager t help yu! Meet with a peer Career Ambassadr t talk abut yur career gals and the ptins fr yu. Als cnsider scheduling an appintment with a prfessinal staff member t discuss ptential career paths, internships (实习), and mre!
●Utilize the CDC’s nline resurces!
CDC ffers many nline resurces fr self-assessment and career search. We make recmmendatins fr majrs and careers based n yur answers! See page 6 fr mre details f what we have t ffer!
21. If yu dn’t knw what t chse as yur future career, yu need t ______.
A. cultivate a related hbbyB. aim fr well-paid jbs
C. cnsider the educatin requirementsD. investigate different fields
22. Accrding t the passage, CDC culd ______.
A. give majr-related adviceB. establish internship prgrammes
C. define yur future career galsD. select an elective curse fr yu
23. Where is the passage prbably taken frm?
A. A research paper.B. A cmmercial pst.
C. A cllege brchure.D. A recruitment ntice.
B
Fd packaging frm arund the wrld cntains at least 68 “frever chemicals” that can seep int what we eat. a new study finds. And 61 f them are nt even suppsed t be used in such prducts. “It’s nt clear why the latter chemicals, which are nt n lists f thse authrized fr use in fd cntainers, are in such packaging.” says the study’s authr Birgit Geueke.
The study fcused n a class f chemicals called perfluralkyl and plyflurnlkyl substances (PFASs) which are smetimes called “frever chemicals” because they dn’t break dwn readily in the envirnment r in the bdy. That’s because their characteristic carbn-flurine bnd is ne f the strngest in nature. Fr decades, these substances have been used in a wide range f cnsumer prducts, frm ckware t pesticide s t csmetics, because they are prf against water and grease.
Geueke and her team fund a mismatch between what they detected in actual prducts and a database f PFAS chemicals authrized fr use in fd packaging. Abut 140 PFASs are knwn t be used in fd packaging, but nly seven f the 68 chemicals in the study were n this list. Geueke says it’s unclear hw r why the ther 61 chemicals turned up. David Andrews, a chemist and txiclgist at a nnprfit envirnmental advcacy rganizatin, suggests it’s pssible that unknwn impurities emerged during the manufacturing f the authrized chemicals r that the authrized PFASs degrade ver time. This class f chemicals includes many lng-chain mlecules, and they can break int shrter chains that are simply different types f PFASs.
PFASs have been fund in human bld and breast milk, drinking water, sil and ther startling places arund the wrld. Expsure t sme f the mst studied PFASs has been assciated with cancer. reprductive prblems and lessened respnses t vaccines. “There’s an incredible bdy f scientific evidence linking PFAS chemicals t health harm,” says Andrews. Many cuntries are evaluating restrictins f PFASs in fd packaging.
Chemical industry representatives have advcated fr dealing with PFASs as individual chemicals. Befre publishing the new study. Scientific American reached ut t the American Chemistry Cuncil (ACC), a chemistry industry trade assciatin, abut it, but the rganizatin did nt reply. On its dedicated PFAS webpage. ACC ntes that “all PFASs are nt the same. Each individual chemical has its wn unique prperties and uses.”
Andrews and Geueke bth say the presence f unknwn PFASs in fd packaging is gd reasn t regulate these chemicals as a single class—a psitin shared with many ther scientific experts and envirnmental prtectin grups. There are mre than 12,000 knwn PFASs, and scientists dn’t knw much abut mst f them. “Only sme PFASs have ever been tested fr txicity,” Geueke says, and “there are prbably ther ways t prduce fd packaging.”
24. What can we learn abut PFASs frm the passage?
A. They are able t resist water and grease.B. They last lng and never break dwn.
C. They cntain the lngest chemical bnd.D. They are mainly used fr fd packaging.
25 Paragraph 3 is mainly abut ______.
A. the ptential usage f the unknwn impurities
B. the authrizatin f fd packaging chemicals
C. the likely transfrming prcess frm PFASs int new chemicals
D. the pssible explanatin fr the presence f unauthrized PFASs
26. The wrds n the webpage in Paragraph 5 may shw that ACC ______.
A. has wrked ut ways t use PFASs safely in different prducts
B. agrees with chemical industry representatives regarding PFASs
C. has gt the authritative pwer in dealing with PFASs
D. supprts testing mre unknwn PFASs fr txicity
27. Which wuld Geueke prbably agree with?
A. Laws shuld be made t ban the use f PFASs.
B. Fd packaging alternatives shuld be explred.
C. The chemicals in fd packaging shuld be listed.
D. Scientists shuld cntinue discvering new PFASs.
C
A theme at this year’s Wrld Ecnmic Frum (WEF) meeting was the perceived need t “accelerate breakthrughs in research and technlgy”. Sme f this framing was mtivated by the climate emergency, sme by the pprtunities and challenges presented by generative artificial intelligence. Yet in varius cnversatins, it seemed t be taken fr granted that t address the wrld’s prblems, scientific research needs t mve faster.
The WEF mindset resnates (产生共鸣) with the Silicn Valley dictate — usually credited t Mark Zuckerberg — t mve fast and break things. But what if the thing being brken is science? Or public trust?
The WEF meeting tk place just a frtnight after Harvard University President Claudine Cay stepped dwn after cmplaints were made abut her schlarship. Gay’s trubles came n the heels f the resignatin f Stanfrd University President Mare Tessier-Lavigne, after an internal investigatin cncluded that his neurscience research had “multiple prblems”. In respnse. Gay requested crrectins t several f her papers; Tessier-Lavigne requested retractin (撤回) f three f his. Althugh it may be impssible t determine just hw widespread such prblems really are, it’s hard t imagine that the spectacle f high-prfile schlars crrecting and retracting papers has nt had a negative impact n public trust in science and perhaps in experts bradly.
In recent years we’ve seen imprtant papers, written by prminent scientists and published in prestigius jurnals, retracted because f questinable data r methds. In ne interesting case, Frances H. Arnld f the Califrnia Institute f Technlgy, wh shared the 2018 Nbel Prize in Chemistry, vluntarily retracted a paper when her lab was unable t replicate her results — but after the paper had been published. In an pen aplgy, she stated that she was “a bit busy” when the paper was submitted and “did nt d my jb well”. Arnld’s hnesty is admirable, but it raises a questin: Are schlars at super cmpetitive places really taking the time t d their wrk right?
The prblem is nt unique t the U. S. In Eurpe, frmal research assessments — which are used t allcate future funding — have fr years judged academic departments largely n the quantity f their utput. Due t the fact that the existing system has created a cunterincentive t advancement in science, a refrm is underway urging an emphasis n quality ver quantity.
Gd science takes time. Nearly a century passed between bichemist Friedrich Miescher’s identificatin f the DNA mlecule and suggestin that it might be invlved in inheritance and the elucidatin f its duble-helix structure in the 1950s. And it tk just abut half a century fr gelgist and gephysicists t accept gephysicist Alfred Wegener’s idea f cntinental drift.
There’s plenty f circumstantial evidence that scientists and ther schlars are pushing results ut far faster than they used t. Sme f this grwth is driven by mre scientists and mre c-authrship (papers, but it als suggests that the research wrld has priritized quantity ver quality. Researched may need t slw dwn — nt speed up — if we are t prduce knwledge wrthy f trust.
28. What can we learn frm the first three paragraphs?
A. Tessier-Lavigne resigned frm Sandfrd after Gay stepped dwn.
B. Gay gave back her schlarships due t students’ cmplaints.
C. Faster scientific develpment has led t climate change.
D. Public trust in science may have already been shaken.
29. Why is the example f Frances H. Arnld mentined in Paragraph 4?
A. T questin the wrks f Nbel Prize winners.
B. T shw the practice f paper retractin is cmmn.
C. T indicate even the influential scientists are in a rush.
D. T highlight scientists’ quality f hnesty in academia.
30. The underlined wrd “cunterincentive” in Paragraph 5 refers t a (n) ______ factr.
A. unfairB. indecisiveC. discuragingD. irratinal
31. Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. The Danger f Fast ScienceB. The Battle between Quality and Quantity
C The Crisis amng Tp ScientistsD. The Principle behind Research Assessments
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分. 共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Picture this: yu’re baking ckies. As yu lift the pan ut f the ven, yur bare arm accidentally tuches it. Ouch! Why did yu feel pain? And hw is yur brain invlved in sensing pain? We may nt like pain, but ur bdies need it as a warning system. ____32____
There are special receptr cells in ur skin and bdies that are sensitive t certain stimuli (刺激). These cells are called “nciceptrs”. When a nciceptr gets expsed t a painful stimulus, it sends a message int the brain. The brain prcesses that infrmatin, and then pain is felt. ____33____ Think abut a time when yu’ve stubbed yur te. There desn’t seem t be a delay between hitting yur te and then feeling pain: it feels like it happens at the same time.
____34____ If we have an injury, pain alerts us t rest and let the injury heal. If we stand t clse t a fire, pain tells us t mve away. Nt being able t feel pain can be dangerus. Sme peple can feel sensatins like tuch, but they cannt feel pain. Withut feeling pain, they cannt listen t their bdies when they need t rest r heal.
On the ther hand, the brain smetimes prcesses pain where there isn’t any actual injury t the bdy. Here’s a famus stry: a man stepped n a nail. It went thrugh the bttm f his she, and he felt like he was in hrrible pain. When the dctrs remved his she, they fund that the nail was between his tes! It hadn’t gne int his ft at all. ____35____ S his brain perceived pain t match the experience.
Withut pain, we might nt knw when we culd need t rest. We might nt knw if we were in danger f hurting urselves. ____36____ Hwever, it is an imprtant part f human life and survival!
A. Pain is nt fun t feel.
B. Pain is a respnse t a stimulus.
C. Our brains use sensry infrmatin t interpret the pain that we feel.
D. Even thugh pain is an unpleasant feeling, it is necessary fr human survival.
E. All f this signal sending and prcessing happens faster than we can perceive.
F. It is an imprtant functin f ur brain, telling ur bdies when smething is wrng.
G. Hwever, the visual infrmatin tricked his brain int thinking that there was cause fr alarm.
第四部分：书面表达（共两节，25分）
第一节（共4小题；第53、54、55题各2分，第56题4分，共10分）
阅读下面的短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Marva Cllins’ jurney as a teacher began in the 1960s, when she was assigned t teach at a public schl in Chicag. At the time, the schl was trubled by lw academic standards and misbehavir f the students. Despite these challenges. Cllins was determined t help thse students labeled as “difficult” r “at-risk”. Believing that every student had the ptential t learn and succeed, she set ut t create a classrm envirnment that wuld fster a lve f learning, a sense f discipline, and a belief in neself.
Cllins first established a rigrus academic curriculum that wuld challenge her students t reach their full ptential. She taught her students traditinal subjects and als emphasized critical thinking, prblem slving, and creativity. Her teaching methds were highly effective, and students sn began t shw remarkable prgress.
But Cllins’ greatest achievement was the funding f the Westside Prep Schl, which she started in 1975. The schl prvided a safe and nurturing envirnment where students culd thrive academically and scially and therefre it was cnsidered as the “haven fr learning”.
At the Prep Schl. Cllin s stressed the imprtance f discipline and hard wrk. She expected her students t arrive n time, in unifrm, and ready t learn, and she installed in them a sense f respnsibility and accuntability. Cllins als emphasized the imprtance f building relatinships between teachers and students. She believed that strng relatinships were the fundatin f effective teaching, are she encuraged her teachers t persnalize their instructin based n the students’ individual differences.
Under her leadership, the Prep Schl became knwn fr its high academic standards and its ability t help struggling students. Many f the schl’s graduates went n t attend tp clleges and universities, and sme went n t becme leaders in their fields.
Cllins’ impact n educatin was recgnized by educatrs arund the wrld. Tday, her legacy lives n. Her emphasis n discipline, hard wrk, and relatinships cntinues t be a mdel fr effective teaching, and her belief in the ptential f every student cntinues t inspire educatrs t make a difference in the lives f the at-risk students.
37. What challenges did Cllins face as a new teacher?
_____________________________________________________________________________
38. Why was the Prep Schl cnsidered the “haven fr learning”?
_____________________________________________________________________________
39. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
T achieve effective teaching, Cllins encuraged her teachers t build strng relatinships with the students and teach them as a whle.
_____________________________________________________________________________
40. Which ne f Cllin’s teaching beliefs impresses yu mst? Why? (In abut 40 wrds)
_____________________________________________________________________________
第二节（15分）
41. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。2024年世界机器人大会（Wrld Rbt Cnference）将于八月在北京举行，组委会正在招募英文志愿讲解员，你对此很感兴趣。请你用英文写一封申请信，内容包括：
1. 申请理由；
2. 自身优势。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Sir/Madam,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
Tips n Hw t Plan a Party
Set up a bard games table
■ 13 a table where yu can lay ut all f yur bard games
■ Offer a variety f games
Set up a DIY 14 bth
■ Use a large piece f paper r 15 as a backgrund
■ Add a banner that has the name f the graduate’s schl and the year
Give a graduatin party tast
■ Speak t the 16 strengths and accmplishments
■ Use a favrite qute
海淀区2024年高二年级学业水平调研
英语
2024.07
本试卷共8页，共四大部分，57道小题，满分100分。考试时长90分钟。试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，请将答题卡交回。
第一部分：听力理解（共三节，18分）
第一节（共4小题；每小题1分，共4分）
听下面4段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。
1. When will the speakers have the meeting?
A. At 9 ’clck. B. At 11 ’clck. C. At 12 ’clck.
2. What service des the man request?
A. Rm service. B. A wake-up call. C. Checking ut.
3. Which type f mvies des the wman prefer?
A. Thrillers. B. Rmances. C. Dcumentaries.
4. What is the man ding?
A. Checking the flight number.
B. Lking fr the barding gate.
C. Asking abut airprt facilities.
第二节（共8小题；每小题1分，共8分）
听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。
听第5段材料，回答第5至6小题。
5. What activity will the tw speakers jin in?
A Sprts games. B. Music festivals. C. Cking cmpetitins.
6. Where can the speakers get the frm?
A. In the library. B. In the head teacher’s ffice. C. In the music hall.
听第6段材料，回答第7至8小题。
7. What makes the man feel dwn lately?
A. Failing the exams. B. Lsing cnfidence. C. Perfrming badly in the drama.
8. What des the wman advise the man t d?
A. Pay attentin t utcmes. B. Practise t be perfect. C. Fcus n the prgress.
听第7段材料，回答第9至10小题。
9. What is the man ding?
A. Making a cmplaint. B. Canceling a tur. C. Seeking fr advice.
10. What will the man prbably decide t d?
A. Take a hiking trip. B. Ride in a ht air balln. C. C n a muntain biking tur.
听第8段材料，回答第11至12小题。
11. What is the aim f the Tech Festival?
A. T guide students t apply technlgy t real life.
B T help students keep up with the latest innvatin.
C. T shw students’ technlgical talents and creativity.
12. What can students d in the cding cmpetitin?
A. Judge thers’ creatin. B. Develp an applicatin. C. Reprt real-life prblems.
第三节（共4小题；每小题1.5分，共6分）
听下面一段独白，完成第13至16四道小题，每小题仅填写一个词。听独白前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段独白你将听两遍。
第二部分：知识运用（共两节，25分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）
阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
When mst teenagers his age are preparing fr cmpetitive exams r training t be athletes, Henry Burner, struggling with dyslexia (阅读障碍), decided t chart his wn rute fr success.
At the age f 10, his class ____1____ a trading pst, where students wuld sell and buy gds with heads. His mm suggested making cupcakes, but Burner refused. “Mm, the baked gds market is ging t be ttally versaturated (过度饱和的). Few students make things that last lng. We need t make smething ____2____.” S he pulled ut his mm’s ld buttn machine and made buttns. When Burner ended up with the mst bends at the trading pst, he felt fr the first time that he was really successful. Arriving hme, Burner asked his mm. “Can I make it a real business?” That was the ____3____ f Buttnsmith, a retail cmpany which nw has ver 10, 000 prducts available.
Alng with his regular schling, Burner played a large rle in the cmpany’s strategic decisin making and ____4____ his breaks and weekends wrking n the cmpany. Buttnsmith started frm the farmer’s market befre ging nline and ____5____, develping its wn website. After ging nline, Buttnsmith’s sales shwed a significant upward graph and reached millins f peple, and that was a (n) ____6____ pint. Since then he has greatly ____7____ prduct lines int many affrdable high quality prducts that allw peple t express wh they are t the wrld.
Starting with buttns, the cmpany has diversified its prduct ____8____ and currently prvides dg cllars, leashes, business cards, banners, etc. T stay ahead f cmpetitrs, Burner has ptimized Buttnsmith t have custm prducts made within minutes f the rder being ____9____ and makes sure the prducts are in the custmers’ hands within tw days.
After creating an impressive retail cmpany at hme, Buttnsmith is strategizing t spread its ____10____ t ther cuntries. “I lve being an entrepreneur.” cncluded Burner.
1. A. ranB. spttedC. decratedD. swept
2 A. stableB. prtableC. durableD. flexible
3. A. missinB. initiatinC. advantageD. perfrmance
4. A. killedB. delayedC. balancedD. invested
5. A. eventuallyB. hesitantlyC. frequentlyD. accidentally
6. A. regularB. tempraryC. crucialD. urgent
7. A. slidB. puredC. packedD. expanded
8. A. cstsB. sizesC. fferingsD. suppliers
9. A. shippedB. placedC. deletedD. tracked
10. A. rtsB. wishesC. tasteD. research
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. A
【解析】
【导语】本文的体裁是记叙文。通过叙述主人公Henry Burner克服阅读障碍，从一个学校交易活动出发，创立并发展Buttnsmith公司的经历，展示了个人奋斗、创新思维和企业成长的过程。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在他10岁的时候，他的班级经营了一个交易站，学生们在那里用假币买卖商品。A. ran经营；B. sptted发现；C. decrated装饰；D. swept扫除。根据后文的“a trading pst, where students wuld sell and buy gds with heads.”可知，此处指班级内部进行的一种商业活动，他的班级经营了一个交易站。故选A项。
【2题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们需要做一些持久的东西。A. stable稳定的；B. prtable便携的；C. durable持久的；D. flexible灵活的。根据前文的“Few students make things that last lng”可知，亨利想要制作持久耐用的商品。故选C项。
【3题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那就是Buttnsmith的起源，现在这家零售公司已经有超过1万种产品上市。A. missin使命；B. initiatin起源；C. advantage优势；D. perfrmance表演。根据前文的“When Burner ended up with the mst bends at the trading pst, he felt fr the first time that he was really successful. Arriving hme, Burner asked his mm. “Can I make it a real business?””可知，这里指的是Buttnsmith公司的开始或者起源。故选B项。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了正常的学业，伯纳还在公司的战略决策中发挥了重要作用，并投入休息时间和周末为公司工作。A. killed杀死；B. delayed延迟；C. balanced平衡；D. invested投资，投入。根据后文的“his breaks and weekends wrking n the cmpany”可知，此处表示他将个人时间投入到公司工作中。故选D项。
【5题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：Buttnsmith从农贸市场起步，之后转到线上，最终开发了自己的网站。A. eventually最终；B. hesitantly犹豫地；C. frequently频繁地；D. accidentally偶然地。根据后文的“develping its wn website”可知，此处应填入表示最后结果的副词，表示最终开发了自己的网站。故选A项。
【6题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在线销售后，Buttnsmith的销售额显著上升，达到了数百万人，这是一个关键点。A. regular常规的；B. temprary临时的；C. crucial关键的；D. urgent紧急的。根据前文的“Buttnsmith’s sales shwed a significant up ward graph and reached millins f peple”和后文的“Since then he has greatly 6 prduct lines int many affrdable high quality prducts that allw peple t express wh they are t the wrld.”可知，销售额的大幅提升，极大地扩展了产品线，对于公司来说是一个关键性的转折点。故选C项。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，他极大地扩展了产品线，推出了许多让人们能够向世界表达自我的可负担高质量产品。A. slid滑动；B. pured倾倒；C. packed打包；D. expanded扩展。根据后文的“prduct lines int many affrdable high quality prducts”可知，此处指产品线的增加和多样化，因此“扩展”最符合语境。故选D项。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：从纽扣开始，公司已经多样化其产品供应，目前提供狗项圈、牵引绳、名片、横幅等。A. csts成本；B. sizes尺寸；C. fferings供应，产品；D. suppliers供应商。根据前文的“the cmpany has diversified its prduct”和后文的“currently prvides dg cllars, leashes, business cards, banners, etc.”可知，这里指的是公司提供的产品种类，所以使用“供应”最为合适。故选C项。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了领先于竞争对手，伯纳优化了Buttnsmith，使得订单被下单后几分钟内就能生产出定制产品。A. shipped运输；B. placed放置，下单；C. deleted删除；D. tracked跟踪。根据前文的“Buttnsmith t have custm prducts made within minutes f the rder being”可知，此处指客户下单后快速生产。故选B项。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在国内创建了一家令人印象深刻的零售公司后，Buttnsmith正在制定战略，将其根基扩展到其他国家。A. rts根源，根基；B. wishes愿望；C. taste品味；D. research研究。根据后文的“t ther cuntries”可知，这里指公司业务或影响范围的扩大，Buttnsmith正在将其根基扩展到其他国家。故选A项。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分. 共15分）
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给出提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Giant panda Fu Ba arrived in Chengdu, Sichuan Prvince n April 3rd, 2024 after living in Suth Krea fr ver 3 years. Large screens were lit up ____11____ (welcme) Fu Ba hme. These large screen advertisements ____12____ (purchase) by dzens f fans. Fu Ba is the first giant panda brn in Suth Krea and a successful case f verseas breeding. Since the 1990s, China ____13____ (cnduct) giant panda cnservatin cperatin and research with institutins in ther cuntries. Currently, there are a lcal f 49 giant pandas abrad.
【答案】11. t welcme
12. were purchased##had been purchased
13. has cnducted##has been cnducting
【解析】
【导语】本文的体裁是新闻报道。文章讲述了大熊猫“福宝”从韩国返回中国四川成都的具体事件，包括日期、欢迎方式、熊猫的特殊身份，以及中国在大熊猫保护合作方面的概况。
【11题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了欢迎福宝回家，大型屏幕被点亮。本句谓语为were lit up ，此处为非谓语动词，本空用welcme“欢迎”的不定式t welcme，作目的状语。故填t welcme。
【12题详解】
考查时态、语态。句意：这些大型屏幕广告是由数十名粉丝购买的。本句描述过去的动作，故时态用一般过去时，主语screens“屏幕”与动词purchase“购买”之间是被动关系，因此使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用were。也可以理解为：purchase发生在were lit up之前，句子时态用过去完成时，主语screens与动词purchase之间是被动关系，因此使用过去完成时的被动语态。故填were purchased/had been purchased。
【13题详解】
考查时态。句意：自20世纪90年代以来，中国一直在与其他国家的机构开展大熊猫保护合作与研究。由时间状语Since the 1990s可知，cnduct“实施”这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子时态用现在完成时，主语China为第三人称单数，助动词用has。句子时态也可用现在完成进行时，表示cnduct“实施”这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，并且还将持续下去。故填has cnducted或has been cnducting。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给出提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Arund 90% f rad accidents are caused by human errrs, and self-driving cars with AI aim t slve the prblem. ____14____ they can d is n keep vehicle hardware healthy by driving strategically and safely. In this way, traffic vilatins and fines can be avided, ____15____ can help save csts. Drivers als benefit frm the ____16____ (integrate) f AI technlgy during lng trips as they can rest while the car’s system takes care f driving.
【答案】14. What
15. which 16. integratin
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了大约90%的交通事故是由人为失误造成的，而带有人工智能的自动驾驶汽车旨在解决这一问题，让司机可以在汽车系统负责驾驶的同时休息。
【14题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：他们所能做的不是通过战略驾驶和安全驾驶来保持车辆硬件的健康。该空引导主语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，应用连接代词what，首字母大写。故填What。
【15题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这样，可以避免交通违规和罚款，这可以帮助节省成本。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词指代主句的内容，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。
【16题详解】
考查名词。句意：在长途旅行中，司机也受益于人工智能技术的整合，因为他们可以在汽车系统负责驾驶的同时休息。作介词frm的宾语，应用名词integratin，不可数。故填integratin。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给出提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
As summer vacatin appraches, study turs f primary and middle schl students have becme ppular. ____17____ (absrb) in academic studies at schl, students are left with little rm fr activities such as practical labr r hands-n experience. During the study turs, they cme ____18____ grups t majr attractins, museums and farms t learn while sightseeing. Educatinal trips ffer students precius ____19____ (pprtunity) t becme mre independent. By ____20____(engage) in independent living and prblem slving with peers, students can learn t navigate real-life situatins.
【答案】17. Absrbed
18. in 19. pprtunities
20. engaging##being engaged
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍游学越来越受欢迎以及原因。
【17题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：在学校里，学生们全神贯注于学术研究，几乎没有什么活动空间，比如实际劳动或实践经验。短语be absrbed in，意为“全神贯注于”，本句已有谓语动词are left，这里用非谓语动词absrbed，句首单词首字母大写，故填Absrbed。
【18题详解】
考查介词。句意：在游学期间，他们成群结队地来到主要景点、博物馆和农场，一边观光一边学习。短语in grups，意为“成群结队地”，符合句意，故填in。
【19题详解】
考查名词。句意：教育旅行为学生提供了变得更加独立的宝贵机会。设空处为宾语，应用名词pprtunity，泛指，应用复数形式，故填pprtunities。
【20题详解】
考查动名词。句意：通过参与独立生活和与同龄人一起解决问题，学生可以学会驾驭现实生活。介词By后，应用动名词作宾语，故填engaging/being engaged。
第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，32分）
第一节（共11小题；每小题2分，共22分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
When facing the task f deciding yur majr, yu shuld remember that the decisin yu make desn’t mean yu are nly destined fr ne path.
QUESTIONS TO ASK YOURSELF AS YOU MAKE YOUR DECISION
●D I have a career in mind?
Althugh yur majr des nt necessarily dictate yur career, sme jbs d require a certain field f study. If yu have yur future career in mind, d yur research and find ut the educatin requirements. If yu are at a lss with what yu want t d, g ahead and research different career fields. A certain jb might pique yur interest, and that culd prmpt yu t pick a certain majr.
●Hw much des mney matter?
Sme majrs d have higher ptential earnings than thers. If earning a lt f mney is a primary gal fr yu, search fr majrs that pay ff well. Feel free t reach ut t the Career Center fr mre infrmatin n higher-earning majrs and careers.
●What d I lve t d?
If yu lve what yu study, yu will be mre likely t pay full attentin t yur classes. which will prbably lead t better grades and valuable cnnectins in the field. Als yu will find yur cllege years mre fulfilling if yu cultivate yur passin!
TIPS FOR DISCOVERING WHAT INTERESTS YOU
●Explre different curses!
Dn’t take randm free electives just t meet the credit requirement fr graduatin. Explre different subjects! By branching ut f what yu knw, yu may discver an unexpected aptitude fr sprt management, r realize that yu lve psychlgy! Maybe an elective curse culd lead yu t yur majr.
●Meet with a CDC staff member!
Yur Career Develpment Center (CDC) is eager t help yu! Meet with a peer Career Ambassadr t talk abut yur career gals and the ptins fr yu. Als cnsider scheduling an appintment with a prfessinal staff member t discuss ptential career paths, internships (实习), and mre!
●Utilize the CDC’s nline resurces!
CDC ffers many nline resurces fr self-assessment and career search. We make recmmendatins fr majrs and careers based n yur answers! See page 6 fr mre details f what we have t ffer!
21. If yu dn’t knw what t chse as yur future career, yu need t ______.
A. cultivate a related hbbyB. aim fr well-paid jbs
C. cnsider the educatin requirementsD. investigate different fields
22. Accrding t the passage, CDC culd ______.
A. give majr-related adviceB. establish internship prgrammes
C. define yur future career galsD. select an elective curse fr yu
23. Where is the passage prbably taken frm?
A. A research paper.B. A cmmercial pst.
C. A cllege brchure.D. A recruitment ntice.
【答案】21. D 22. A 23. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要为面临专业选择的学子提供指导和建议，包括自我反思的问题、探索兴趣的技巧，以及利用学校职业发展中心资源的方法。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。由文章D I have a career in mind?部分中“If yu are at a lss with what yu want t d, g ahead and research different career fields. (如果你不知道自己想做什么，那就去调查不同的职业领域)”可知，如果你不知道选择什么作为你未来的职业，你需要调查不同领域。故选D。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。由文章Meet with a CDC staff member!部分中“Yur Career Develpment Center (CDC) is eager t help yu! Meet with a peer Career Ambassadr t talk abut yur career gals and the ptins fr yu. Als cnsider scheduling an appintment with a prfessinal staff member t discuss ptential career paths, internships (实习), and mre! (您的职业发展中心（CDC）渴望帮助您！与同行的职业大使见面，谈谈你的职业目标和你的选择。也可以考虑与专业人员预约，讨论潜在的职业道路、实习机会等等！)”和Utilize the CDC’s nline resurces!部分中“CDC ffers many nline resurces fr self-assessment and career search. We make recmmendatins fr majrs and careers based n yur answers! (CDC为自我评估和求职提供了许多在线资源。我们会根据你的回答为你推荐专业和职业！)”可知，CDC能够给出与专业相关的建议。故选A。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“When facing the task f deciding yur majr, yu shuld remember that the decisin yu make desn’t mean yu are nly destined fr ne path. (当你面临选择专业的任务时，你应该记住，你所做的决定并不意味着你注定要走一条路)”和文章最后一段“CDC ffers many nline resurces fr self-assessment and career search. We make recmmendatins fr majrs and careers based n yur answers! See page 6 fr mre details f what we have t ffer! (CDC为自我评估和求职提供了许多在线资源。我们会根据你的回答为你推荐专业和职业！请参阅第6页，了解我们所提供的更多细节！)”可知，文章主要是为面临专业选择的学子提供指导和建议，这段文字可能来自一本大学宣传册。故选C。
B
Fd packaging frm arund the wrld cntains at least 68 “frever chemicals” that can seep int what we eat. a new study finds. And 61 f them are nt even suppsed t be used in such prducts. “It’s nt clear why the latter chemicals, which are nt n lists f thse authrized fr use in fd cntainers, are in such packaging.” says the study’s authr Birgit Geueke.
The study fcused n a class f chemicals called perfluralkyl and plyflurnlkyl substances (PFASs), which are smetimes called “frever chemicals” because they dn’t break dwn readily in the envirnment r in the bdy. That’s because their characteristic carbn-flurine bnd is ne f the strngest in nature. Fr decades, these substances have been used in a wide range f cnsumer prducts, frm ckware t pesticide s t csmetics, because they are prf against water and grease.
Geueke and her team fund a mismatch between what they detected in actual prducts and a database f PFAS chemicals authrized fr use in fd packaging. Abut 140 PFASs are knwn t be used in fd packaging, but nly seven f the 68 chemicals in the study were n this list. Geueke says it’s unclear hw r why the ther 61 chemicals turned up. David Andrews, a chemist and txiclgist at a nnprfit envirnmental advcacy rganizatin, suggests it’s pssible that unknwn impurities emerged during the manufacturing f the authrized chemicals r that the authrized PFASs degrade ver time. This class f chemicals includes many lng-chain mlecules, and they can break int shrter chains that are simply different types f PFASs.
PFASs have been fund in human bld and breast milk, drinking water, sil and ther startling places arund the wrld. Expsure t sme f the mst studied PFASs has been assciated with cancer. reprductive prblems and lessened respnses t vaccines. “There’s an incredible bdy f scientific evidence linking PFAS chemicals t health harm,” says Andrews. Many cuntries are evaluating restrictins f PFASs in fd packaging.
Chemical industry representatives have advcated fr dealing with PFASs as individual chemicals. Befre publishing the new study. Scientific American reached ut t the American Chemistry Cuncil (ACC), a chemistry industry trade assciatin, abut it, but the rganizatin did nt reply. On its dedicated PFAS webpage. ACC ntes that “all PFASs are nt the same. Each individual chemical has its wn unique prperties and uses.”
Andrews and Geueke bth say the presence f unknwn PFASs in fd packaging is gd reasn t regulate these chemicals as a single class—a psitin shared with many ther scientific experts and envirnmental prtectin grups. There are mre than 12,000 knwn PFASs, and scientists dn’t knw much abut mst f them. “Only sme PFASs have ever been tested fr txicity,” Geueke says, and “there are prbably ther ways t prduce fd packaging.”
24. What can we learn abut PFASs frm the passage?
A. They are able t resist water and grease.B. They last lng and never break dwn.
C. They cntain the lngest chemical bnd.D. They are mainly used fr fd packaging.
25. Paragraph 3 is mainly abut ______.
A. the ptential usage f the unknwn impurities
B. the authrizatin f fd packaging chemicals
C. the likely transfrming prcess frm PFASs int new chemicals
D. the pssible explanatin fr the presence f unauthrized PFASs
26. The wrds n the webpage in Paragraph 5 may shw that ACC ______.
A. has wrked ut ways t use PFASs safely in different prducts
B. agrees with chemical industry representatives regarding PFASs
C. has gt the authritative pwer in dealing with PFASs
D. supprts testing mre unknwn PFASs fr txicity
27. Which wuld Geueke prbably agree with?
A. Laws shuld be made t ban the use f PFASs.
B. Fd packaging alternatives shuld be explred.
C. The chemicals in fd packaging shuld be listed.
D. Scientists shuld cntinue discvering new PFASs.
【答案】24. A 25. D 26. B 27. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了世界各地的食品包装中至少含有68种“永久化学物质”，它们会渗入我们所吃的食物中。一项新的研究发现。其中61种甚至不应该用于此类产品。对此科学家进行了研究。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Fr decades, these substances have been used in a wide range f cnsumer prducts, frm ckware t pesticide s t csmetics, because they are prf against water and grease.(几十年来，这些物质被广泛应用于各种消费品中，从炊具到杀虫剂再到化妆品，因为它们可以防水和防油脂)”可知，PFASs能抵抗水和油脂。故选A。
【25题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“Geueke and her team fund a mismatch between what they detected in actual prducts and a database f PFAS chemicals authrized fr use in fd packaging. Abut 140 PFASs are knwn t be used in fd packaging, but nly seven f the 68 chemicals in the study were n this list. Geueke says it’s unclear hw r why the ther 61 chemicals turned up. David Andrews, a chemist and txiclgist at a nnprfit envirnmental advcacy rganizatin, suggests it’s pssible that unknwn impurities emerged during the manufacturing f the authrized chemicals r that the authrized PFASs degrade ver time. This class f chemicals includes many lng-chain mlecules, and they can break int shrter chains that are simply different types f PFASs.( Geueke和她的团队发现，他们在实际产品中检测到的PFAS化学物质与授权用于食品包装的PFAS化学物质数据库不匹配。已知约有140种全氟辛烷化合物用于食品包装，但研究中68种化学物质中只有7种在清单上。Geueke说，目前还不清楚其他61种化学物质是如何或为什么出现的。非营利环保组织的化学家和毒理学家戴维·安德鲁斯认为，可能是在生产授权化学品的过程中出现了未知的杂质，或者是授权的全氟辛醚随着时间的推移而降解。这类化学物质包括许多长链分子，它们可以分解成不同类型的PFASs的短链)”可知，第3段主要是关于存在未经授权的PFASs的可能解释。故选D。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“Chemical industry representatives have advcated fr dealing with PFASs as individual chemicals. Befre publishing the new study. Scientific American reached ut t the American Chemistry Cuncil (ACC), a chemistry industry trade assciatin, abut it, but the rganizatin did nt reply. On its dedicated PFAS webpage. ACC ntes that “all PFASs are nt the same. Each individual chemical has its wn unique prperties and uses.”(化学工业代表主张将全氟辛烷磺酸作为单独的化学品来处理。在发表这项新研究之前。《科学美国人》联系了美国化学理事会。一家化学工业行业协会对此表示关注，但该组织没有回复。在其专用的PFAS网页，行政协调会上指出，“并非所有PFASs都是相同的。每种化学物质都有其独特的性质和用途。”)”可知，网页上第5段的文字可能表明，行政协调会同意化学工业代表对全氟辛烷磺酸的看法。故选B。
27题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段““Only sme PFASs have ever been tested fr txicity,” Geueke says, and “there are prbably ther ways t prduce fd packaging.”(Geueke说：“只有一些全氟辛烷磺酸被测试过毒性，可能还有其他生产食品包装的方法。”)”可知，Geueke认同应探索替代食品包装。故选B。
C
A theme at this year’s Wrld Ecnmic Frum (WEF) meeting was the perceived need t “accelerate breakthrughs in research and technlgy”. Sme f this framing was mtivated by the climate emergency, sme by the pprtunities and challenges presented by generative artificial intelligence. Yet in varius cnversatins, it seemed t be taken fr granted that t address the wrld’s prblems, scientific research needs t mve faster.
The WEF mindset resnates (产生共鸣) with the Silicn Valley dictate — usually credited t Mark Zuckerberg — t mve fast and break things. But what if the thing being brken is science? Or public trust?
The WEF meeting tk place just a frtnight after Harvard University President Claudine Cay stepped dwn after cmplaints were made abut her schlarship. Gay’s trubles came n the heels f the resignatin f Stanfrd University President Mare Tessier-Lavigne, after an internal investigatin cncluded that his neurscience research had “multiple prblems”. In respnse. Gay requested crrectins t several f her papers; Tessier-Lavigne requested retractin (撤回) f three f his. Althugh it may be impssible t determine just hw widespread such prblems really are, it’s hard t imagine that the spectacle f high-prfile schlars crrecting and retracting papers has nt had a negative impact n public trust in science and perhaps in experts bradly.
In recent years we’ve seen imprtant papers, written by prminent scientists and published in prestigius jurnals, retracted because f questinable data r methds. In ne interesting case, Frances H. Arnld f the Califrnia Institute f Technlgy, wh shared the 2018 Nbel Prize in Chemistry, vluntarily retracted a paper when her lab was unable t replicate her results — but after the paper had been published. In an pen aplgy, she stated that she was “a bit busy” when the paper was submitted and “did nt d my jb well”. Arnld’s hnesty is admirable, but it raises a questin: Are schlars at super cmpetitive places really taking the time t d their wrk right?
The prblem is nt unique t the U. S. In Eurpe, frmal research assessments — which are used t allcate future funding — have fr years judged academic departments largely n the quantity f their utput. Due t the fact that the existing system has created a cunterincentive t advancement in science, a refrm is underway urging an emphasis n quality ver quantity.
Gd science takes time. Nearly a century passed between bichemist Friedrich Miescher’s identificatin f the DNA mlecule and suggestin that it might be invlved in inheritance and the elucidatin f its duble-helix structure in the 1950s. And it tk just abut half a century fr gelgist and gephysicists t accept gephysicist Alfred Wegener’s idea f cntinental drift.
There’s plenty f circumstantial evidence that scientists and ther schlars are pushing results ut far faster than they used t. Sme f this grwth is driven by mre scientists and mre c-authrship (papers, but it als suggests that the research wrld has priritized quantity ver quality. Researched may need t slw dwn — nt speed up — if we are t prduce knwledge wrthy f trust.
28. What can we learn frm the first three paragraphs?
A. Tessier-Lavigne resigned frm Sandfrd after Gay stepped dwn.
B. Gay gave back her schlarships due t students’ cmplaints.
C. Faster scientific develpment has led t climate change.
D. Public trust in science may have already been shaken.
29. Why is the example f Frances H. Arnld mentined in Paragraph 4?
A. T questin the wrks f Nbel Prize winners.
B. T shw the practice f paper retractin is cmmn.
C. T indicate even the influential scientists are in a rush.
D. T highlight scientists’ quality f hnesty in academia.
30. The underlined wrd “cunterincentive” in Paragraph 5 refers t a (n) ______ factr.
A. unfairB. indecisiveC. discuragingD. irratinal
31. Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. The Danger f Fast ScienceB. The Battle between Quality and Quantity
C. The Crisis amng Tp ScientistsD. The Principle behind Research Assessments
【答案】28. D 29. C 30. C 31. A
【解析】
【导语】这一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今科学研究存在急于发表论文，过于注重数量导致了很多问题。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Althugh it may be impssible t determine just hw widespread such prblems really are, it’s hard t imagine that the spectacle f high-prfile schlars crrecting and retracting papers has nt had a negative impact n public trust in science and perhaps in experts bradly.(虽然可能无法确定这些问题到底有多普遍，但很难想象，高调的学者纠正和撤回论文的场面没有对公众对科学的信任产生负面影响，甚至可能对专家产生广泛的影响)”可知，公众对科学的信任可能已经动摇了。故选D。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“In recent years we’ve seen imprtant papers, written by prminent scientists and published in prestigius jurnals, retracted because f questinable data r methds. In ne interesting case, Frances H. Arnld f the Califrnia Institute f Technlgy, wh shared the 2018 Nbel Prize in Chemistry, vluntarily retracted a paper when her lab was unable t replicate her results—but after the paper had been published. In an pen aplgy, she stated that she was “a bit busy” when the paper was submitted and “did nt d my jb well”. Arnld’s hnesty is admirable, but it raises a questin: Are schlars at super cmpetitive places really taking the time t d their wrk right?(近年来，我们看到一些由杰出科学家撰写并发表在知名期刊上的重要论文，因为数据或方法存在问题而被撤回。一个有趣的例子是，加州理工学院的Frances H. Arnld分享了2018年诺贝尔化学奖，当她的实验室无法复制她的结果时，她自愿撤回了一篇论文——但这篇论文已经发表了。在一次公开道歉中，她表示，提交论文时她“有点忙”，“没有做好我的工作”。Arnld的诚实令人钦佩，但这也提出了一个问题：在竞争激烈的大学里，学者们真的花时间做好自己的工作吗？)”可知，第四段提到了Frances H. Arnld的例子是为了表明即使是有影响力的科学家也很着急完成论文。故选C。
【30题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“t advancement in science, a refrm is underway urging an emphasis n quality ver quantity”可知，正在进行重质量、轻数量的改革，说明现行制度对科学进步的作用令人沮丧。故划线词意思是“令人沮丧的”。故选C。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“A theme at this year’s Wrld Ecnmic Frum (WEF) meeting was the perceived need t “accelerate breakthrughs in research and technlgy”. Sme f this framing was mtivated by the climate emergency, sme by the pprtunities and challenges presented by generative artificial intelligence. Yet in varius cnversatins, it seemed t be taken fr granted that t address the wrld’s prblems, scientific research needs t mve faster.(今年世界经济论坛会议的一个主题是人们认为有必要“加速研究和技术的突破”。其中一些框架是由气候紧急情况推动的，另一些是由可生成人工智能带来的机遇和挑战推动的。然而，在各种对话中，人们似乎理所当然地认为，要解决世界上的问题，科学研究需要加快步伐)”结合文章主要说明了如今科学研究存在急于发表论文，过于注重数量导致了很多问题。可知，A选项“快速科学的危险”最符合文章标题。故选A。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分. 共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Picture this: yu’re baking ckies. As yu lift the pan ut f the ven, yur bare arm accidentally tuches it. Ouch! Why did yu feel pain? And hw is yur brain invlved in sensing pain? We may nt like pain, but ur bdies need it as a warning system. ____32____
There are special receptr cells in ur skin and bdies that are sensitive t certain stimuli (刺激). These cells are called “nciceptrs”. When a nciceptr gets expsed t a painful stimulus, it sends a message int the brain. The brain prcesses that infrmatin, and then pain is felt. ____33____ Think abut a time when yu’ve stubbed yur te. There desn’t seem t be a delay between hitting yur te and then feeling pain: it feels like it happens at the same time.
____34____ If we have an injury, pain alerts us t rest and let the injury heal. If we stand t clse t a fire, pain tells us t mve away. Nt being able t feel pain can be dangerus. Sme peple can feel sensatins like tuch, but they cannt feel pain. Withut feeling pain, they cannt listen t their bdies when they need t rest r heal.
On the ther hand, the brain smetimes prcesses pain where there isn’t any actual injury t the bdy. Here’s a famus stry: a man stepped n a nail. It went thrugh the bttm f his she, and he felt like he was in hrrible pain. When the dctrs remved his she, they fund that the nail was between his tes! It hadn’t gne int his ft at all. ____35____ S his brain perceived pain t match the experience.
Withut pain, we might nt knw when we culd need t rest. We might nt knw if we were in danger f hurting urselves. ____36____ Hwever, it is an imprtant part f human life and survival!
A. Pain is nt fun t feel.
B. Pain is a respnse t a stimulus.
C. Our brains use sensry infrmatin t interpret the pain that we feel.
D. Even thugh pain is an unpleasant feeling, it is necessary fr human survival.
E. All f this signal sending and prcessing happens faster than we can perceive.
F. It is an imprtant functin f ur brain, telling ur bdies when smething is wrng.
G. Hwever, the visual infrmatin tricked his brain int thinking that there was cause fr alarm.
【答案】32. F 33. E 34. D 35. G 36. A
【解析】
【导语】本文体裁为说明文。文章通过日常生活中的例子解释了疼痛的感觉机制、疼痛对人类生存的重要作用及其有时与实际伤害无关的现象，旨在向读者普及关于疼痛的生物学知识及其对身体健康的意义。
【32题详解】
由上文“Picture this: yu’re baking ckies. As yu lift the pan ut f the ven, yur bar e arm accidentally tuches it. Ouch! Why did yu feel pain? And hw is yur brain invlved in sensing pain? We may nt like pain, but ur bdies need it as a warning system. (想象一下：你在烤饼干。当你把平底锅从烤箱里拿出来的时候，你的手臂不小心碰到了它。哎哟！你为什么感到疼痛？你的大脑是如何感知疼痛的？我们可能不喜欢疼痛，但我们的身体需要它作为一种警告系统。)”可知，接下来的句子会进一步阐述疼痛作为一种警告系统的功能。因此，选项F“It is an imprtant functin f ur brain, telling ur bdies when smething is wrng (这是大脑的一项重要功能，它告诉我们的身体何时出了问题)”承接了上文的“警告系统”，符合题意。故选F。
【33题详解】
由上文“There are special receptr cells in ur skin and bdies that are sensitive t certain stimuli (刺激). These cells are called “nciceptrs”. When a nciceptr gets expsed t a painful stimulus, it sends a message int the brain. The brain prcesses that infrmatin, and then pain is felt. (我们的皮肤和身体中有一些特殊的受体细胞，它们对某些刺激很敏感。这些细胞被称为“伤害感受器”。当伤害感受器受到疼痛刺激时，它会向大脑发送信息。大脑处理这些信息，然后感觉疼痛。)”可知，上文描述了疼痛信号如何从皮肤的受体细胞发送到大脑并被感知的过程，紧接着应该继续讨论这一过程。因此，选项E“All f this signal sending and prcessing happens faster than we can perceive (所有这些信号发送和处理的速度都快于我们的感知速度)”解释了为什么疼痛感觉似乎是即时发生的，能承接上文，符合题意。故选E。
【34题详解】
由下文“If we have an injury, pain alerts us t rest and let the injury heal. If we stand t clse t a fire, pain tells us t mve away. Nt being able t feel pain can be dangerus. Sme peple can feel sensatins like tuch, but they cannt feel pain. Withut feeling pain, they cannt listen t their bdies when they need t rest r heal. (如果我们受伤了，疼痛会提醒我们休息，让伤口愈合。如果我们站得离火太近，疼痛会告诉我们走开。感觉不到疼痛是很危险的。有些人能感觉到触摸之类的感觉，但他们感觉不到疼痛。如果感觉不到疼痛，当他们需要休息或治疗时，他们就无法倾听自己身体的声音。)”可知，本空之后的内容讲述的是疼痛的实际作用，比如提醒我们休息和避免进一步伤害。因此，这里需要一个过渡句来引出疼痛的正面意义。选项D“Even thugh pain is an unpleasant feeling, it is necessary fr human survival (尽管疼痛是一种不愉快的感觉，但它对人类生存是必要的)”既承认了疼痛的负面特性，又引出了其必要性，能引起下文，符合题意。故选D。
【35题详解】
由上文“On the ther hand, the brain smetimes prcesses pain where there isn’t any actual injury t the bdy. Here’s a famus stry: a man stepped n a nail. It went thrugh the bttm f his she, and he felt like he was in hrrible pain. When the dctrs remved his she, they fund that the nail was between his tes! It hadn’t gne int his ft at all. (另一方面，大脑有时在对身体没有任何实际伤害的情况下处理疼痛。这里有一个著名的故事：一个人踩到了钉子。它穿过了他的鞋底，他感到非常痛苦。当医生脱掉他的鞋子时，他们发现钉子在他的脚趾之间！它根本没有进到他的脚里)”可知，这个故事的例子说明了即使没有实际受伤，大脑也可能感知到疼痛。因此，需要一个选项来解释这种现象。选项G“Hwever, the visual infrmatin tricked his brain int thinking that there was cause fr alarm (然而，视觉信息欺骗了他的大脑，使其认为有理由警觉)”很好地解释了为何在没有实际伤害的情况下，这个人仍然感到疼痛，因为大脑根据错误的信息做出了反应，能承接上文，符合题意。故选G。
【36题详解】
由上文“Withut pain, we might nt knw when we culd need t rest. We might nt knw if we were in danger f hurting urselves. (没有疼痛，我们可能不知道什么时候需要休息。我们可能不知道我们是否有伤害自己的危险。)”和下文“Hwever, it is an imprtant part f human life and survival! (然而，它是人类生命和生存的重要组成部分！)”可知，本空需要一个总结性的句子，重申疼痛虽不愉快，但对于人类生存的重要性。选项A“Pain is nt fun t feel (感受疼痛并不有趣)”自然而然地引向了全文的结论，即疼痛作为一种必要的预警机制对于生存的价值，能承接上文，并于下文构成转折，符合题意。故选A。
第四部分：书面表达（共两节，25分）
第一节（共4小题；第53、54、55题各2分，第56题4分，共10分）
阅读下面的短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Marva Cllins’ jurney as a teacher began in the 1960s, when she was assigned t teach at a public schl in Chicag. At the time, the schl was trubled by lw academic standards and misbehavir f the students. Despite these challenges. Cllins was determined t help thse students labeled as “difficult” r “at-risk”. Believing that every student had the ptential t learn and succeed, she set ut t create a classrm envirnment that wuld fster a lve f learning, a sense f discipline, and a belief in neself.
Cllins first established a rigrus academic curriculum that wuld challenge her students t reach their full ptential. She taught her students traditinal subjects and als emphasized critical thinking, prblem slving, and creativity. Her teaching methds were highly effective, and students sn began t shw remarkable prgress.
But Cllins’ greatest achievement was the funding f the Westside Prep Schl, which she started in 1975. The schl prvided a safe and nurturing envirnment where students culd thrive academically and scially and therefre it was cnsidered as the “haven fr learning”.
At the Prep Schl. Cllin s stressed the imprtance f discipline and hard wrk. She expected her students t arrive n time, in unifrm, and ready t learn, and she installed in them a sense f respnsibility and accuntability. Cllins als emphasized the imprtance f building relatinships between teachers and students. She believed that strng relatinships were the fundatin f effective teaching, are she encuraged her teachers t persnalize their instructin based n the students’ individual differences.
Under her leadership, the Prep Schl became knwn fr its high academic standards and its ability t help struggling students. Many f the schl’s graduates went n t attend tp clleges and universities, and sme went n t becme leaders in their fields.
Cllins’ impact n educatin was recgnized by educatrs arund the wrld. Tday, her legacy lives n. Her emphasis n discipline, hard wrk, and relatinships cntinues t be a mdel fr effective teaching, and her belief in the ptential f every student cntinues t inspire educatrs t make a difference in the lives f the at-risk students.
37. What challenges did Cllins face as a new teacher?
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38. Why was the Prep Schl cnsidered the “haven fr learning”?
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39. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
T achieve effective teaching, Cllins encuraged her teachers t build strng relatinships with the students and teach them as a whle.
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40. Which ne f Cllin’s teaching beliefs impresses yu mst? Why? (In abut 40 wrds)
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【答案】37. Lw academic standards and misbehavir f the students.
38. Because the schl prvided a safe and nurturing envirnment where students culd thrive academically and scially.
39. T achieve effective teaching, Cllins encuraged her teachers t build strng relatinships with the students and teach them as a whle. Because Cllins encuraged her teachers t persnalize their instructin based n the students’ individual differences.
40. Cllins’ emphasis n discipline and diligence impresses me mst. It teaches me that success desn’t cme easily but is built n dedicatin and persnal effrts. This belief is crucial in real life, as it shapes character and paves the way fr ne’s gals.
【解析】
【导语】本文属于记叙文，主要讲述了Marva Cllins作为一名教师的生涯，她的教育理念，以及她创立Westside Prep Schl的过程和成就。文章通过叙述她的教学实践、成就和影响，展现了她对教育的贡献和她作为教育者的形象。
【37题详解】
考查细节理解。由文章第一段中“At the time, the schl was trubled by lw academic standards and misbehavir f the students. Despite these challenges. Cllins was determined t help thse students labeled as “difficult” r “at-risk”. (当时，学校受到学术标准低下和学生行为不端的困扰。尽管有这些挑战。柯林斯决心帮助那些被贴上“困难”或“有风险”标签的学生。)”可知，柯林斯作为新教师面临的挑战包括学术水平低，学生行为不端的问题。故答案为：Lw academic standards and misbehavir f the students.
【38题详解】
考查细节理解。由文章第三段中“The schl prvided a safe and nurturing envirnment where students culd thrive academically and scially and therefre it was cnsidered as the “haven fr learning”. (学校为学生提供了一个安全、有教养的学习环境，学生可以在学业和社交方面茁壮成长，因此被认为是“学习的天堂”。)”可知，Prep Schl被认为是“学习的天堂”是因为它为学生提供了安全和培养的环境，使他们在学业和社会交往上都能茁壮成长。故答案为：Because the schl prvided a safe and nurturing envirnment where students culd thrive academically and scially.
【39题详解】
考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“She believed that strng relatinships were the fundatin f effective teaching, are she encuraged her teachers t persnalize their instructin based n the students’ individual differences.(她相信牢固的人际关系是有效教学的基础，因此她鼓励老师根据学生的个体差异进行个性化教学。)”可知，柯林斯实际上鼓励教师根据学生的个体差异个性化教学，而不是将学生视为一个没有差异的整体。该陈述：“为了实现有效教学，柯林斯鼓励她的教师与学生建立牢固的关系，并将他们作为一个整体来教学。”中错误的部分是“并将其作为一个整体来教学”，故答案为：T achieve effective teaching, Cllins encuraged her teachers t build strng relatinships with the students and teach them as a whle. Because Cllins encuraged her teachers t persnalize their instructin based n the students’ individual differences.
【40题详解】
开放性问题。Cllins对纪律和勤奋的强调给我留下了最深刻的印象。它告诉我，成功来之不易，而是建立在奉献精神和个人努力之上的。这种信念在现实生活中至关重要，因为它塑造了性格，为实现目标铺平了道路。故答案为：Cllins’ emphasis n discipline and diligence impresses me mst. It teaches me that success desn’t cme easily but is built n dedicatin and persnal effrts. This belief is crucial in real life, as it shapes character and paves the way fr ne’s gals.
第二节（15分）
41. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。2024年世界机器人大会（Wrld Rbt Cnference）将于八月在北京举行，组委会正在招募英文志愿讲解员，你对此很感兴趣。请你用英文写一封申请信，内容包括：
1. 申请理由；
2. 自身优势。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Sir/Madam,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am Li Hua, a junir at Hngxing High Schl, and I am writing t apply fr the psitin f English-speaking vlunteer guide fr the 2024 Wrld Rbt Cnference in Beijing. I have a strng interest in rbtics and believe this event will be an excellent pprtunity t enhance my knwledge and skills in this field.
My prficiency in English, bth spken and written, will enable me t effectively cmmunicate with internatinal participants. Additinally, I have previus experience vlunteering at schl events, which has hned my rganizatinal and interpersnal skills. My passin fr technlgy, cmbined with my dedicatin and enthusiasm, makes me a suitable candidate fr this rle.
Thank yu fr cnsidering my applicatin. I lk frward t the pprtunity t cntribute t this exciting event.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。2024年世界机器人大会将于八月在北京举行，组委会正在招募英文志愿讲解员，要求考生按照要求用英文写一封申请信。
【详解】1.词汇积累
强烈的：strng→ intense
极好的：excellent→ fantastic
机会：pprtunity→ chance
增进：enhance→ prmte
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I am Li Hua, a junir at Hngxing High Schl, and I am writing t apply fr the psitin f English-speaking vlunteer guide fr the 2024 Wrld Rbt Cnference in Beijing.
拓展句：I am Li Hua, wh is a junir at Hngxing High Schl, and I am writing t apply fr the psitin f English-speaking vlunteer guide fr the 2024 Wrld Rbt Cnference in Beijing.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Additinally, I have previus experience vlunteering at schl events, which has hned my rganizatinal and interpersnal skills.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】I lk frward t the pprtunity t cntribute t this exciting event.（运用了不定式短语t cntribute t作后置定语）
Tips n Hw t Plan a Party
Set up a bard games table
■ 13 a table where yu can lay ut all f yur bard games
■ Offer a variety f games
Set up a DIY 14 bth
■ Use a large piece f paper r 15 as a backgrund
■ Add a banner that has the name f the graduate’s schl and the year
Give a graduatin party tast
■ Speak t the 16 strengths and accmplishments
■ Use a favrite qute