牛津译林版九年级下册Unit 2 Great peopleGrammar教案及反思
展开设计说明
通过复习动词及其不同形式导入时态的复习。以表格形式呈现各个时态的用法和各时态的标志词或时间状语,帮助学生对比归纳复习两个时态的意义和功能,强调各时态的特殊用法或易错之处,并用教材中的练习帮助学生巩固时态用法。提醒学生注意非延续性动词和延续性动词的用法,带领学生归纳非延续性动词所对应的延续性动词,再以动词填空的形式加以巩固。最后整体呈现各时态的用法、构成和句型变化,让学生理清思路,进一步提高学习能力。
教学目标
通过本课节的教学,让学生达成以下目标:
1.知识目标
掌握词汇:passage, take part in, the inventin f, by hand
2.能力目标
(1)复习一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、过去进行时和现在完成时的结构和用法;
(2)能正确分辨和运用各种时态。
3.情感目标
巩固各种时态的用法,对时间概念有更好的理解。
重点难点
1.重点:掌握时态的结构和用法。
2.难点:了解一般现在时/现在进行时, 一般过去时/过去进行时, 一般过去时/现在完成时的不同之处。
教学准备
PPT课件
授课时数
1课时
教学过程
Step 1 Lead-in
1. Ask students t have a shrt review n tenses and different frms f verbs.
Since students have learnt a lt abut Armstrng, ask them t say smething abut him t review sentences in the text.
As a child
1930: birth
1936: first flight
1946: licence
As a pilt
1949: navy
1955: a test pilt
As an astrnaut
1962: an astrnaut
1966: a trip int space
His achievements
1969: the first man t walk n the Mn
2. Lead the main subjects in—tenses and verb frms.
动词主要用来表示动作、状态和性质,而英语中动词的时态是指动作和状态发生的具体时间和表现方式。英语中动词时态用动词的不同形式来表示。英语中动词的五种基本形式为:动词原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。
如:write—writes—writing—wrte—written
3. Ask students t pay attentin t differences between tenses.
英语中不同时间和方式发生的动作或状态要用不同形式的谓语动词来表示,也就是说时态是通过谓语动词的某种形式或搭配助动词来体现的。以eat为例:
一般现在时:eat/eats (否定、疑问——助动词d/des)
一般过去时:ate (否定、疑问——助动词did)
一般将来时:will/shall/be ging t eat
现在进行时:am/is/are eating
现在完成时:have/has eaten
过去进行时:was/were eating
Step 2 Simple present and present cntinuus tenses
1. Ask students t review simple present and present cntinuus tenses by a table.
Present a table t shw students simple present and present cntinuus tenses t help them sum up the usages. Add sme explanatins if necessary.
时态
用法
标志词
一般
现在时
① 表示现在存在的状态或经常性、习惯性的动作。
② 客观事实。
③ 表示按时间表或计划表所做的事情。
always, ften,
usually,
smetimes,
seldm, never,
every day...
现在
进行时
表示现在或现阶段正在发生的动作或存在的状态。
at the mment,
tday, nw,
right nw,
Listen! Lk!
2. Shw mre examples t them t understand better.
The class begins at 2 p.m. 这节课下午两点钟开始。
I ften g t schl at 7. 我经常七点钟去上学。
3. Drills.
We enjy the mdern life!
Millie is writing abut what her family members are ding. Help her cmplete her article with the crrect tenses f the verbs in brackets.
I (1) __________ (have) a day ut with my classmates this Saturday, s I (2) __________ (need) a pair f trainers. Mum (3) __________ (shp) nline fr me nw. She ften (4) __________ (shp) nline. Dad (5) ___________ (search) fr infrmatin n the Internet. He (6) ___________ (visit) Japan next week. Grandpa (7) ___________ (read) the newspaper and Grandma (8) ____________ (watch) TV. I (9) ___________ (want) t write an email t Wendy befre I (10) ___________ (g) t bed.
Answers: (1) will have/am ging t have (2) need (3) is shpping
(4) shps (5) is searching (6) will visit/is ging t visit
(7) is reading (8) is watching (9) want (10) g
Step 3 Simple future tense
Ask students t review simple future tense by a table.
时态
用法
时间状语
一般
将来时
表示将来某一时刻会出现的动作或状态。
tmrrw,in 2015,
next year,in tw days,
this cming...,this afternn
【注意】主将从现
在含有时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主从复合句中,如果主句用一般将来时,从句则用一般现在时表达将来含义。
We’ll g shpping if it _______________(nt rain).
= We’ll g shpping unless it rains.
Answers: desn’t rain
Step 4 Simple past and past cntinuus tenses
1. Ask students t review simple past and past cntinuus tenses by a table.
Present a table t shw students simple past and past cntinuus tenses t help them sum up the usages. Add sme explanatins if necessary.
时态
用法
时间状语
一般
过去时
①表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。
②表示在过去经常或反复发生的动作。(ften, always)
yesterday, last week,
an hur ag, just nw,
the ther day, in 1982,
this mrning等
过去
进行时
①表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作。
②在过去某段时间一直在进行的动作。
at that time, at this time yesterday, at five yesterday mrning 等
【注意】
(1)要表达过去经常做某事也可以用used t d sth或“wuld +动词原形”来表示。
(2)进行时与always等频度副词连用,表示过去频繁发生的动作,常带有一定的感情色彩。
2. Shw mre examples t them t understand better. Then add when/while/as t review mre.
条件:(1) when/while/as 引导的时间状语从句
(2)主从句两个动作同时发生在过去
Simn was playing cmputer games while Millie was watching TV.
当米莉正在看电视时西蒙正在玩电脑游戏。
It was raining when they left the statin. 他们离开车站时正在下雨。
When I gt t the tp f the muntain, the sun was shining.
我到达山顶时,太阳照耀着。
【注意】while后必须跟延续性动词。
3. Drills
What did yu d last night?
Simn and his friends are talking abut what they did after dinner last night. Cmplete their cnversatin with the crrect tenses f the verbs in brackets.
Simn: I (1) _____________ (watch) a wnderful ftball match frm 7 p.m.
t 8:30 p.m. yesterday. My favurite team (2) ____________ (win) the match.
Millie: I (3) ____________ (write) an email t Wendy at 7 p.m. yesterday. She
(4) ____________ (send) me an email last week.
Sandy: I (5) ____________ (practise) playing the pian the whle night. I
(6) ____________ (take) part in a cmpetitin this mrning.
Peter: Last night, I (7) ____________ (find) a website abut travelling in
space. I (8) ____________ (read) passages n the website while
yu (9) ____________ (play) the pian, Sandy.
Daniel: I (10) ____________ (talk) t Aunt Jane n the phne at 7:30 yesterday evening. She (11) ____________ (call) me the day befre yesterday, but I (12) ___________ (be nt) at hme then.
Answers: (1)was watching (2)wn (3)was writing (4)sent
(5)was practising (6)tk/will take (7)fund (8)was reading
(9)were playing (10)was talking (11)called (12)was nt
Step 5 Simple past and present perfect tenses
1. Ask students t review simple past and present perfect tenses by a table.
Present a table t shw students simple past and present perfect tenses t help them sum up the usages. Add sme explanatins if necessary.
【注意】一般过去时强调动作发生在过去;现在完成时强调对现在造成的影响或者结果。
时态
用法
时间状语
一般
过去时
① 表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。
② 表示在过去经常或反复发生的动作。(ften,always)
yesterday, last week,
an hur ag, just nw,
the ther day, in 1982,
this mrning...
现在
完成时
① 过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。
② 过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
already, just, ever, yet,
never, recently, lately,
in the past few years,
s far, up t nw,
since…/fr…
2. Shw them mre examples t understand better. Then review mre.
Last night, I did my hmewrk at hme. 昨天晚上,我在家做家庭作业了。
I haven’t finished the wrk yet. 我还没完成那项工作。
非延续性动词和延续性动词
非延续性动词在时间上没有延续性,常见的有:cme, g, arrive, leave, begin, start, buy, jin, die, find, stp, becme, pen, brrw, lend, appear, clse, fall, finish, sell, lse, kill等。这些动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。 但非延续性动词的否定形式可以表示状态的延续,可与fr/since 等引导的时间状语连用。
非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换
非延续性动词
延续性动词
buy
have
brrw
keep
pen
be pen
clse
be clsed
begin/ start
be n
cme
be here
g
be there
finish
be ver
die
be dead
jin
be in / be a member f…
get married
be married
3. Drills
Great inventins
Millie is writing abut sme mdern inventins that have changed the way we live. Help her chse the crrect wrds in brackets t cmplete her article.
Many mdern inventins (1) _________ (made/ have made) a great difference in ur life. They (2) _________ (changed/ have changed) the way we live.
In ancient times, peple (3) _________ (used/ have used) salt t help them keep fish r meat fr a lnger time. Fresh fd wuld g bad in summer in a few hurs. The inventin f the fridge (4) _________ (slved/ has slved) this prblem.
In the past, peple (5) _________ (washed/ have washed) their clthes by hand. It (6) _________ (was/ has been) tiring, and it (7) _________ (tk/ has taken) a lt f time. With the inventin f the washing machine, peple (8) __________ (had/ have had) mre time t relax.
In the ld days, peple (9) _________ (travelled/ have travelled) by ship. Nw planes (10) _________ (made/ have made) jurneys mre cmfrtable.
Answers: (1)have made (2)have changed (3)used (4)has slved
(5)washed (6)was (7)tk (8)have had (9)travelled
(10)have made
Step 6 Sum up
时态
一般现
在时
一般过
去时
现在进
行时
过去进
行时
现在完成时
用法
表示经常发生的动作、习惯性动作或客观真理、科学事实等。
表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作。
表示过去某时正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
表示过去发生或者未发生的事对现在造成的影响或结果。
构成
方式
1.be(am/is/are)+表语
2.动原(单三)+...
1.was/were+表语
2.实义动词的过去式+...
be(am/is/are)+动词的现在分词
was/were+动词的现在分词
主语+
have/has+
过去分词+...
句型变化
疑问式
1.Be+主
语+...?
2.D/Des+主语+
动词原形+...?
1.Was/Were+主语+
...?
2.Did+主语+动词原形+...?
Be+主语+动词的现在分词+...?
Was/were+主语+动词的现在分词+...?
Have/Has+主语+过去分词+...?
否定式
1.主语+
be nt...
2.主语+
dn’t/
desn’t+动词原形
+...
1.主语+
was/were+
nt+...
2.主语+
didn’t+动词原形+...
主语+
be+nt+
动词的现在分词+...
主语+
wasn’t (was
nt) /
weren’t
(were nt)+
动词的现在分词+...
主语+
haven’t /
hasn’t+过去分词+...
Step 7 Language pints
1. I am wrking n a histry prject this week. 这周我正在做一个历史课题。
wrk n 致力于;从事
He has wrked n the nvel fr tw mnths. 他写这部小说两个月了。
2. I am leaving fr Shanghai tnight. 今晚我要去上海。
(1) leave fr+地点 动身去某地
I’m leaving fr Dalian tmrrw. 我打算明天动身去大连。
(2) leave+地点+fr+另一地点 离开某地前往另一个地方
He left Paris fr Lndn yesterday.
他昨天离开巴黎去伦敦了。
(3) leave 遗留;遗赠 leave sb sth= leave sth t sb
(4) leave 接复合宾语,意为“使……处于……状态”。
复合宾语中的补语可以由形容词、介词(短语)、名词等来充当。
Leave the dr pen. 让门开着。
(5) leave 忘了带;丢下,其后可接地点状语。
I’ve left my bag n the bus.
我把包忘在公共汽车上了。
3. Many mdern inventins have made a great difference in ur life.
许多现代发明在我们的生活中产生了巨大的影响。
make a great difference 产生巨大的影响
make a difference t 对……产生影响
t是介词,其后可接名词、代词或动名词。
Educatin can make a great difference t ur life.
教育能对我们的生活产生很大的影响。
4. In the past, peple washed their clthes by hand. 过去, 人们用手洗衣服。
by hand 用手/手工的
My grandmther can make clthes by hand. 我奶奶会手工做衣服。
【拓展】hand的相关短语
n the ne /ther hand 一方面/另一方面
hand in 上交 hand ut 分发
Step 8 Hmewrk
1. Review the grammar we’ve learnt tday.
2. Finish the related exercises.
3. Preview Integrated skills & Study skills n pages 29—31.
板书设计
Unit 2 Great peple
Grammar
一般现在时
用法:
1. 表示现在存在的状态或经常性、习惯性的动作。
2. 客观事实。
3. 表示按时间表或计划表所做的事情。
构成:
1. be(am/is/are) + 表语
2. 动原(三单) +…
现在进行时
用法:
表示现在或现阶段正在发生的动作或存在的状态。
构成:
be (am/is/are) +动词的现在分词
一般将来时
用法:
表示将来某一时刻会出现的动作或状态。
构成:
1. will +动原
2. am/is/are + ding
过去进行时
用法:
1. 表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作。
2. 在过去某段时间一直在进行的动作。
构成:
was / were + 动词的现在分词
一般过去时
用法:
1. 表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。
2. 表示在过去经常或反复发生的动作。(ften, always)
构成:
1. was/were + 表语
2. 实义动词的过去式 + …
现在完成时
用法:
1.过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。
2.过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
构成:
主语 + have / has + 过去分词 + …
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