专题9 语法填空(有提示词)——2024届高考英语阅读与写作备考策略

这是一份专题9 语法填空(有提示词)——2024届高考英语阅读与写作备考策略，共13页。

提示词为动词
空里需要名词：
= 1 \* GB3 ① 当这个动词有不止一种名词形式时，注意确定空里需要哪个名词
Eg. invent —— inventin (n.) 发明 —— inventr (n.) 发明家
create —— creatin (n.) 创造 —— creativity (n.) 创造力
prduce (v. & n.) —— prduct (n.) 产品 —— prductin (n.) 生产 —— prductivity (n.) 产率
= 2 \* GB3 ② 注意动词变换成名词后是否需要二次变形（加复数）
空里需要形容词
= 1 \* GB3 ① 当这个动词有不止一种形容词形式时，注意确定空里需要哪个形容词
Eg. respect —— respectable (adj.) 受尊敬的 —— respectful (adj.) 表示尊敬的
cnsider —— cnsiderate (adj.) 体贴的，考虑周到的 —— cnsiderable (adj.) 相当大的，相当多的
= 2 \* GB3 ② 部分动词的形容词是其现在分词和过去分词形式，注意他们的区别
Eg. interest —— interesting (adj.) 有趣的 —— interested (adj.) 感兴趣的
please —— pleased (adj.) 开心的 —— pleasant (adj.) 令人愉悦的
空里需要副词
通常动词需要二次变形成为副词
Eg. surprise —— surprisingly
空里需要动词
注意事项：一定要判断好设空处需要谓语还是非谓语
= 1 \* GB3 ① 空里需要谓语：需要同时考虑其时态，语态以及主谓一致 (参考主谓一致用法)，缺一不可
注意事项：
时态的判断
如果空所在的句子有时间状语，则时态通常与时间状语一致 (确保这个时间状语是修饰这个动作的)
Eg. Leaving the less imprtant things until tmrrw ( is ) (be) acceptable.
(本题虽然句中有时间状语until tmrrw, 但其修饰的时 leave 这个动作，因此be 的时态不需要与其一致)
如果空所在的句子没有时间状语，则时态通常与其本句话内或其前后句中其他谓语时态一致 (可以不完全一致)
有些情况需要根据语境判断动词的时态
Eg. I was and still ( is ) (be) a student.
The Great Wall that was built in ancient times ( is cnsidered ) (cnsider) a wnder.
有些情况固定用法或固定句式中需要用固定时态
Eg. it is the first time that sb. + 现在完成时
It was the first time that sb. + 过去完成时
…
语态的判断 (非谓语适用)
语态大多数可以通过翻译确定其与主语的主被动关系
不及物动词无被动 (有相应介词时除外)
及物动词后无宾语时被动
及物动词后有宾语时大多不被动 (可以加双宾语的动词除外)
部分动词或动词短语本身有被动含义，无需再被动
Eg. cnsist f = be made up f = be cmpsed f 由 … 组成
= 2 \* GB3 ② 空里需要非谓语 (仅用于大部情况，具体用法参考非谓语语法)
= 1 \* rman i. 非谓语作定语或状语时，首先确定这个非谓语的逻辑主语
非谓语作状语时，逻辑主语为主句主语
非谓语作定语时，逻辑主语为它所修饰的名词或代词
= 2 \* rman ii. 通过逻辑主语判断需要的非谓语种类
与逻辑主语的关系为主动：现在分词
与逻辑主语的关系为被动：过去分词
表示目的或表示将来：不定式
= 3 \* rman iii. 最后确定其是否需要进一步变形 (being dne / having dne / t be dne / t be ding / …)
= 4 \* rman iv.动名词作主语时，不需要逻辑主语；但要注意it 作形式主语的情况
Eg. it is n gd / n use ding sth.
it is great fun ding sth.
it is a waste f time ding sth.
…
= 5 \* rman v. 不定式作主语时大多用于 it 作形式主语的句式中
有些非谓语是固定搭配或固定用法
Eg. avid ding …; pretend t d; an apprach t ding …; nly t d …(表示未预料到的通常不太好的结果); …
5) 填动词原形的情况
= 1 \* GB3 ① 空里需要谓语：一般现在时，主动，不单三
= 2 \* GB3 ② 空里需要谓语：一般过去时，主动，过去式与原型一致
Eg. beat – beat – beaten
= 3 \* GB3 ③ 空里需要非谓语：过去分词，过去分词与原型一致
Eg. run – ran – run
= 4 \* GB3 ④ 祈使句
= 5 \* GB3 ⑤ 固定搭配
Eg. can’t chse but d …
let alne d …
see sb. d …
= 6 \* GB3 ⑥ 虚拟语气 shuld 可以省略的情况 (一坚持，二命令，三建议，四要求)
= 2 \* GB1 ⒉ 提示词为形容词
空里需要名词：参考上文 (多种形式及复数)
空里需要副词
= 1 \* GB3 ① 一些形容词变为副词时为不规则变化
Eg. basic —— basically
prbable —— prbably
= 2 \* GB3 ② 有些情况形容词变副词时的同时需要否定
Eg. frtunate —— (un)frtunately
空里需要形容词
= 1 \* GB3 ① 通过加词缀的方法变为其否定形式
Eg. in- ; un- ; dis- ; miss- ; im- ; -less ; …
= 2 \* GB3 ② 变为其比较级
比较级提示：
than
比较级 and 比较级
the 比较级 … the 比较级
much ; even ; far; a little ; …
否定词
有时需要语境判断
= 3 \* GB3 ③ 变为其最高级
最高级提示：
定冠词 the
ne f …
… f all ; … in the wrld (有限定范围)
提示词为代词
注意数的变化
注意格的变化
物主代词的判断 (可以加双宾语的动词后格外注意)
反身代词的使用
= 1 \* GB3 ① 主语和宾语一致时，通常宾语用反身代词
= 2 \* GB3 ② 固定搭配
Eg. in neself 本身
by neself 独自
help neself 自取，自用
…
= 3 \* GB3 ③ 注意 yurself 与 yurselves
提示词为名词
需要其他词性的词：参考上文 (多种形式)
复数：注意复数的不规则变化
Eg. analysis —— analyses
child —— children
man —— men
…
练习题
“The ancient characters are nt as distant as they are suppsed t be,” said the ( ) (create) Chen Nan.
Qia began life as a servant, but rse t becme ne f the mst successful ( ) (businessman) f the age.
We students shuld behave ( ) (we) and keep away frm vilence.
At that time he devted ( ) (he) t writing and many f his wrks were written r published then.
Huangshan Muntain is famus fr ( ) (it) fur unique scenes: amazing pines, strangely-shaped rcks, seas f cluds, and ht springs.
Many famus peple als write micr-blgs t express their ( ) (think) and share their lives with peple.
When keeping a diary in English, we certainly ran up against many ( ) (difficulty).
Anther friend f ( ) (I) realized that tw ff-duty lifeguards, Liz and Alisn Manley, were nearby.
Je was s ( ) (embarrass) that he quickly put everything back int his luggage.
Peple were ( ) (familiar) with his prduct at the beginning, and made many guesses at hw it was prduced.
Finally, I selected a set f Chinese textbks amng ( ) (vary) similar nes.
We want t let yu knw that there are peple wh see and ( ) (true) appreciate all yur hard wrk.
Adam said the sensrs culd measure very small gases cming thrugh skin and breath, called metablites (代谢物), allwing dctrs t keep track f peple’s health in real time and help peple t lead even ( ) (gd) lives.
If we are ( ) (care), we may get int truble.
Hnesty is the ( ) (easy) chice that we can make.
Shenquan Guyu is hme t ne f the ( ) (large) ht spring bases in Nrth China.
Accrding t ( ) (rely) surces, a terrible strm struck La Estrella in 1883, killing nearly half f the residents.
But ( ) (frtunate), the ancient art, “yingzixi”, gradually fell due t the impact f mdern audi-visual media like televisin and mvies.
Children can ften d these puzzles mre ( ) (easy) than adults.
We can just click ur muse t chse the items we like and then pay fr them nline, and the shpping ( ) (finish). It is easy and quick.
Since the disease ( ) (burst) in the 1980s, it has becme a serius prblem arund the wrld.
I ( ) (meet) Mr. Simpsn, the sprt teacher, fr my plan f exercise after schl next Mnday if he is free.
A research cnducted by the Wrld Health Organizatin finds that nearly 50 % f teens ( ) (fall) int the habit f expsing themselves t unsafe levels f sund s far.
Early that mrning we were abut t bard the train when suddenly my wife tld me that she ( ) (leave) the cheesecake hme.
At present, ne f the arguments in favr f the new airprt ( ) (be) that it will bring a lt f jbs t the area.
I advised that he ( ) (send) t the hspital, but he insisted that he was feeling very well.
I ( ) (try) t reach the manager fr the last tw hurs but the lines is always busy.
If yur identity has really been stlen, the FNC (Federal Trade Cmmissin) suggests that yu ( ) (take) at least tw measures immediately.
E-mail, as well as the telephne, ( ) (be) an imprtant part in daily cmmunicatin.
Nu dancing, ne f the mst ancient arts and a necessary element in Nu pera, ( ) (exist) in Nanfeng, Jiangxi fr ver 2,000 years.
What yu said just nw ( ) (have) smething t d with the matter we are discussing.
The plice ( ) (search) fr the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theater.
( ) (escape) the crwds and yu will step inside a wnderland f hand-made gifts, tasty fd and family entertainment.
The histry f hckey ( ) (date) back t thusands f years ag.
By the time she arrives, we ( ) (finish) the wrk.
The yung man hurried hme, nly ( ) (find) his huse brken int.
A big fire brke ut last Wednesday n a busy New Jersey highway, ( ) (cause) massive traffic delays.
When ( ) (wrk) fr my pervius cmpany, I succeeded in raising the yearly sales vlume (销售额) by 25 %.
( ) (face) with this prblem, we can find a prper time t have a heart-t-heart talk with them, trying t remve the misunderstanding.
Tm is always the first ( ) (cme) and the last t leave. S he is always praised by ur teacher.
There is n law ( ) (prevent) anyne frm living in a van full time, as lng as the vehicle is apprpriately taxed and insured.
I have decided nt t put ff anything I can d straight away and enjy everything I wn, because ( ) (leave) anything fr late is taking the risk that later may never arrive.
If yu always spend time ( ) (try) t impress thers, yu’re wasting yur life.
Then he lked at me with tears in his eyes —— althugh I pretended nt ( ) (ntice).
Bth green and black teas are claimed t be effective fr ( ) (prevent) cancer, heart disease, and many ther deadly diseases.
One day, he had a huge rck ( ) (place) n a radway at night.
On a typical day I might find myself kneeling in the basement ( ) (search) fr a certain bk.
Harry ate tw ckies and kept his eyes ( ) (fix) n mine until I gave him half.
The university is reprted in the newspaper ( ) (celebrate) its 120th birthday last mnth.
( ) (avid) such trubles, we shuld cmpare similar items n different nline stres and pay mre attentin t what ther custmers say.
( ) (cmpare) t the pst-90s wh have already stepped int sciety, the majrity f pst-00s are students nw. They have mre pprtunities.
( ) (wander) aimlessly in the street fr hurs, she felt a little hungry and wished fr smething t eat.
With n mney in hand ( ) (spend), she sighed and had t leave.
This creates a unique living cnditin fr plateau wildlife, making this place “a paradise fr wildlife” and leaving numerus mysteries and beauty ( ) (explre).
He hurried t the railway statin, nly ( ) (tell) the train had left.
参考答案
【答案】creatr
【解析】根据设空前的定冠词可知，此处应填名词作主语，且根据同位语 Chen Nan 可知，设空处指人，故填 creatr.
【答案】businessmen
【解析】“ne f + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”为固定结构，此处应用复数形式，故填 businessmen.
【答案】urselves
【解析】behave neself 为固定搭配，意为“举止规范”，设空出作 behave 的宾语，与主语所指相同，应用反身代词，故填 urselves.
【答案】himself
【解析】devte neself t … 为固定搭配，意为“致力于 …”
【答案】its
【解析】设空处指代 Huangshan Muntain’s, 修饰名词 scenes, 应用形容词性物主代词，故填 its.
【答案】thughts
【解析】thught 意为“想法，看法”时为可数名词，且根据空前的 their 可知，应用名词复数。
【答案】difficulties
【解析】difficulty 意为“难题，难事”时为可数名词， 根据设空处前的 many 可知，应用复数形式，故填 difficulties.
【答案】mine
【解析】a friend f mine 意为“我的朋友”，是固定搭配，应该用名词性物主代词。
【答案】embarrassed
【解析】设空处谓语系动词 was 后，应用形容词作表语，此处修饰主语 Je，故填 embarrassed.
【答案】 unfamiliar
【解析】根据句意可知，设空处表示“不熟悉的”，故填 unfamiliar.
【答案】varius
【解析】设空处修饰名词 nes, 应用形容词，故填 varius.
【答案】truly
【解析】设空处修饰动词 appreciate，应用副词，故填 truly.
【答案】better
【解析】根据设空出前的 even 可知，设空处应用比较级，故填 better.
【答案】careless
【解析】设空处作 are 的表语，应用形容词，且根据句意可知，设空处表示“不小心”，故填 careless.
【答案】easiest
【解析】根据句意及设空处前的定冠词可知，应用最高级，故填 easiest.
【答案】largest
【解析】“ne f + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”为固定结构，因此设空处应用形容词的最高级形式，故填 largest.
【答案】reliable
【解析】设空处修饰名词，应用形容词，故填 reliable.
【答案】unfrtunately
【解析】设空处修饰整个句子，应用副词，且根据句意可知，设空处为不幸的是，故填 unfrtunately.
【答案】easily
【解析】设空处修饰动词，应用副词，故填 easily.
【答案】is finished
【解析】设空处前的动词 can, pay 都是一般现在时，说明网购的特点，故设空处应用一般现在时，而且设空处和shpping 之间为被动关系，故填 is finished.
【答案】burst
【解析】since 引导的从句一般用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时，burst 过去式与原型一致，故填 burst.
【答案】will meet
【解析】根据时间状语 next Mnday 可知，主句用一般将来时时，且设空处与主语的关系为主动，故填 will meet.
【答案】have fallen
【解析】根据时间状语 s far 可知，设空处应用现在完成时，说明到目前为止所处的情况，也就是研究的结果，故填 have fallen.
【答案】had left
【解析】设空处前有谓语动词 tld, 发生在过去，而把东西落在家里发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时。
【答案】is
【解析】“ne f + 复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，根据时间状语 At present 可知，此句用一般现在时，故填 is.
【答案】be sent
【解析】advise 意为“建议”，其后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气，即谓语为“情态动词 + 动词原形”；本句中从句的主语 he 与 send 之间的关系为被动关系，且 shuld 可以省略，故填 be sent.
【答案】have been trying
【解析】根据时间状语 fr the last tw hurs 可知，此句应用完成时态，而又后半句的句意和谓语 is 的时态可知，此动作在过去的两个小时里反复发生，现在依然在发生，故应用现在完成进行时。
【答案】take
【解析】本句的 suggest 意为“建议”，后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，并且shuld 可以省略，故填 take.
【答案】is
【解析】设空处考察主谓一致，A as well as B 作主语时，谓语动词根据A 的单复数来决定。
【答案】has existed
【解析】根据时间状语 fr ver 2,000 years 可知，本句应用现在完成时，本句话主语是 Nu dancing, 为单数，故填 has existed.
【答案】has
【解析】主语 what yu said 表示单数含义，其后谓语动词应为单数，故填 has.
【答案】were searching
【解析】本句考察固定句型 be ding … when …，表示“正在做 … 这时 …”，由 appeared 可知应用过去时态，主语 the plice 表示复数含义，故填 were searching.
【答案】Escape
【解析】第一个分句为祈使句，句子开头用动词原型。
【答案】dates
【解析】date back 意为“追溯”，为不及物短语，不用进行时，也无被动形式。本句在说明一个事实，应用一般现在时，故填 dates.
【答案】will be finished
【解析】by the time + 从句 (用一般现在时表将来) + 主句 (将来完成时)为固定用法，故填 will have finished.
【答案】t find
【解析】nly t d 是习惯用法，表示出乎意料的结果，设空处应填入不定式作结果状语，故填 t find.
【答案】causing
【解析】设空处前有谓语 brke ut，故设空处应用非谓语动词；cause 和主语 a big fire 之间为逻辑上的主动关系，所以填现在分词表示自然而然地结果。
【答案】wrking
【解析】wrk 和主语 I 构成逻辑上的主动关系，故填现在分词作状语。
【答案】Faced
【解析】此句中已有谓语 can find，此空该用非谓语动词作状语；be faced with 为固定搭配，意为“面对某事”，作非谓语时省略 be 动词，故填 Faced.
【答案】t cme
【解析】此句中 is 是谓语动词，故设空处填非谓语动词形式。空前有序数词，应用不定式作定语。
【答案】preventing
【解析】设空处前有谓语动词 is, 故填非谓语动词作定语修饰 law; law 和 prevent 之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故填 preventing.
【答案】leaving
【解析】根据句意并分析句子结构可知，设空处作主语，应用动名词
【答案】trying
【解析】spend time (in) ding … 为固定短语
【答案】t ntice
【解析】pretend (nt) t d … 为固定搭配
【答案】preventing
【解析】设空处位于介词 fr 后面，应用动名词形式
【答案】placed
【解析】have sth. dne 为固定用法，意为“让某事完成”，且place 与 stne 的关系为被动，故填过去分词。
【答案】searching
【解析】search 和 I 构成逻辑上的主动关系，故填 searching.
【答案】fixed
【解析】设空处前有谓语动词 kept, 故设空处用非谓语动词， his eyes 和 fixed 之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故填 fixed.
【答案】t have celebrated
【解析】分析句子成分可知，主语为 The university，谓语为 is reprted; be reprted t d … 意为“据报道 …”, 设空处应用不定式作主语补足语，且根据时间状语 last mnth 可知，设空处应用不定式的完成式。
【答案】T avid
【解析】此句已有并列谓语，故设空处应填非谓语形式，根据句意并给分析句子成分可知，应填不定式表目的，故填 T avid.
【答案】Cmpared
【解析】设空句的谓语动词为 are, 故设空处应用非谓语动词；cmpare 和主语 the majrity f pst-00s 之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故填 Cmpared.
【答案】Having wandered
【解析】本句已有并列谓语，故设空处应用非谓语动词形式；wander 与主语 she 之间构成逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词形式，而且 wander 这一动作发生在谓语动作之前，故用现在分词的完成式。
【答案】t spend
【解析】根据句意可知，本句考察 with 复合结构，此处用不定式表示将来，mney 与 spend 之间是逻辑上的被动关系，但此处用主动表被动。
【答案】t be explred
【解析】此处为 “leave + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”的结构，根据句意可知，explre 的动作还未发生，且 explre 与 mysteries and beauty 之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故应用不定式的被动式。
【答案】t be tld
【解析】设空处前有谓语动词 hurried，故该空用非谓语动词形式，nly t d … 表示未预料到的结果，且 tell 与主语之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故填不定式的被动形式