中考英语一轮复习 考点详解+真题练习专项突破49 短文填空之首字母填空(含解析)
展开首字母填空是根据句意和已给出的首字母,在句子的空白处填上适当的单词,使句子意思完整,语法正确的一种题型。该题型既考查学生的单词记忆和拼写能力,又考查学生对句子的理解和运用能力。
二、满分技巧
1. 跳过空格,不看选项,快速地阅读全文,从整体上感知全文,掌握大意,了解全篇的内容和要旨。
快速阅读时宁粗勿细,切忌只盯住一个句子仓促解题,这样势必因胸无全局而误入歧途。快速阅读时,还要注意找出关键词,这些词在文中起支撑骨架的功能,抓住了关键词就抓住了故事的线索。特别是要重视首句,善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点,理清文脉,推测全文时态、主题及大意。
2. 复读短文,确定语义,判断词形。
把握短文大意后再认真复读短文,利用上下文的语境,结合所学过的知识,先确定空格处所需词语的意义,再根据空格在句子中的位置,判断其在句中充当的成分,从而确定所填词的词性,再依据词语搭配和语法规则,判断所填词的正确形式。如短文难度较大,尤其是难于选词时,从本句的前后观察中一时尚不得要领,就要进一步扩大到上下文中分析。
3. 三读短文,上下参照,验证答案。
在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后,将完成的短文再细读一遍,上下参照,连贯思考。可从上下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章,语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证,凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。
A
(2022·上海·中考真题)
在短文的空格内填入适当的词,使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词,首字母已给出。
Which wuld yu rather spend yur mney n, an uting with friends r a pair f expensive shes? It is my pinin that spending mney n experiences brings greater happiness.
My first r___1___ is that experiences make us different as we grw. We are nt the result f the things we’ve bught. Instead, we are the result f everything we’ve seen and dne. Fr example, getting expensive clthes didn’t c___2___ me as a persn, but the camping trip last summer certainly did. It made me mre independent.
In additin, I p___3___ experiences because they bring peple tgether. Sharing a new experience develps strnger relatinships and creates lng-lasting memries. Three years ag I met sme teenagers n a study trip and nw I am s___4___ in tuch with them, but I hardly remember what I bught during the trip.
My final pint is that, althugh sme peple say it is a great j___5___ t wn things, I think using the things yu wn is mre pleasant. Fr example, I spend mst f my spare mney n new parts fr my ld muntain bike, but I lve the experience f c___6___, nt wning bike parts!
T sum up, experiences make us wh we are and develp strnger relatinships. S next time befre yu pay fr smething, give it sme s___7___ thught. Ask yurself, “Which will I spend my mney n, an uting r a pair f shes?”
【答案】1.(r)easn 2.(c)hange 3.(p)refer 4.(s)till 5.(j)y 6.(c)ycling 7.(s)erius
【导语】本文是一篇议论文,作者谈了自己对于人生经历的看法。
1.句意:我的第一个原因是,随着我们的成长,经历使我们变得不同。根据下文“In additin, I prefer experiences because … My final pint is that …”可知,此处是在阐述作者的第一个理由,结合所给首字母“r”可拼写出名词reasn,意为“理由”,符合句意,故填(r)easn。
2.句意:例如,买昂贵的衣服并没有改变我的个性,但去年夏天的露营旅行确实改变了我。根据下文“It made me mre independent”提示,去年夏天的露营旅行改变了作者的个性,此处指的是“改变”,结合所给首字母“c”可拼写出动词change,空格前为助动词“didn’t”,故此处change应用动词原形。故填(c)hange。
3.句意:此外,我更喜欢经历,因为它们能把人们聚在一起。根据上文“Which wuld yu rather spend yur mney n, an uting with friends r a pair f expensive shes?”可知,作者在文章一开头就拿拥有某个物品与拥有一段经历进行对比,故此处指的是“更喜欢”,结合所给首字母“p”可拼写出动词prefer,根据语境及主语“I”可知,此处prefer应用动词原形。故填(p)refer。
4.句意:三年前,我在一次学习旅行中遇到了一些青少年,现在我仍然与他们保持联系,但我几乎不记得我在旅行中买了什么。根据下文“but I hardly remember what I bught during the trip”可知,此处存在转折关系,故上文指的是仍然与那些青少年保持着联系,结合所给首字母“s”可拼写出副词still,意为“仍然”,符合句意,故填(s)till。
5.句意:我的最后一点理由是,虽然有些人说拥有某些物品是一种极大的快乐,但我认为使用自己拥有的东西更令人愉快。根据下文“I think using the things yu wn is mre pleasant”可知,此处指的是拥有某些物品是一种极大的快乐,结合所给首字母“j”可拼写出名词jy,空格前有“a”,故jy应用单数形式,故填(j)y。
6.句意:例如,我把大部分余钱花在旧山地自行车的新零件上,但我喜欢的是骑车的体验,而不是拥有自行车零件!根据上文“althugh sme peple say it is a great jy t wn things, I think using the things yu wn is mre pleasant”可知,此处指的是喜欢的是骑车的体验,结合所给首字母“c”可拼写出名词cycling,意为“骑行自行车”,符合句意,故填(c)ycling。
7.句意:所以,下次你付钱之前,请认真考虑一下。根据下文“Ask yurself, ‘Which will I spend my mney n, an uting r a pair f shes?’”可知,下次你付钱之前,要认真考虑一下,结合所给首字母“s”可拼写出形容词serius,意为“认真的”,符合句意,故填(s)erius。
B
(2022·天津·中考真题)
根据短文内容及首字母提示,填写所缺单词,使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
In the small villages f Kenya (肯尼亚), Africa, mst kids want t read bks. But n rads g t their hmes, nly miles and miles f sand. Cars and trucks are nt useful, s____8____ library bks arrive n the backs f camels. Camels can handle (应付) the sand and the bks. Tw camels, a camel driver, and a librarian (图书管理员) w____9____ t the villages tgether. One camel carries abut 180 kils f bks, and the ther carries a tent. At each village, the librarian sets up the tent and shws the b____10____ t the kids inside. Tw weeks later, the camels c____11____ back with new bks.
Sme peple in the muntains f nrthern Thailand (泰国) get bks in a d____12____ way. Their “l____13____” are carried by elephants. These animals can handle the difficult jurney. Because they are large, they can carry many bks in metal cases (金属箱). The metal prtects the bks frm the heavy rains that f____14____ in the area.
Indnesia (印度尼西亚) has its wn difficulties. The cuntry has ver 17,000 islands. Mst peple t____15____ by bat and they als carry their bks by bat. A library bat hlds(容纳) abut 500 bks in bxes. Bxes f bks are left in villages and are traded (交换) fr new bks a few weeks l____16____.
Fr peple wh live far and can’t get t a library, a library that cmes t them brings mre than bks. It brings a whle w_____17_____ f infrmatin.
【答案】
(s) 9.(w)alk 10.(b)ks 11.(c)me 12.(d)ifferent
13.(l)ibraries 14.(f)all 15.(t)ravel 16.(l)ater 17.(w)rld
【导语】本文主要介绍了一些贫穷国家的一些特殊的运送图书的方式。
8.句意:汽车和卡车没有用处,所以图书馆的书是骑在骆驼背上的。根据“Cars and trucks are nt bks arrive n the backs f camels”以及首字母可知前后两句是因果关系,前因后果,用s引导。故填(s)。
9.句意:两只骆驼、一个骆驼司机和一个图书管理员一起步行到村庄。根据“Tw camels, a camel driver, and a librarian”以及首字母并结合上文可知汽车和卡车没有用,所以他们是步行,walk“步行”,句子使用一般现在时,主语是复数,动词用原形。故填(w)alk。
10.句意:在每个村庄,图书管理员都会搭起帐篷,向里面的孩子们展示书籍。根据“the librarian sets up the tent and shws the kids inside”以及首字母可知图书管理员给孩子展示书籍,表泛指用名词复数bks“书”。故填(b)ks。
11.句意:两周后,骆驼带着新书回来了。根据“back with new bks”以及首字母可知是带着新书回来,cme back“回来”,句子使用一般现在时,主语是复数,动词用原形。故填(c)me。
12.句意:泰国北部山区的一些人以不同的方式获取书籍。根据“Sme peple in the muntains f nrthern Thailand(泰国) get bks in”以及首字母并结合下文可知泰国人获取书籍的方式也不同,修饰名词用形容词different“不同的”。故填(d)ifferent。
13.句意:他们的“图书馆”由大象携带。根据“are carried by elephants”以及首字母可知此处指图书馆,library“图书馆”,根据are可知主语用名词复数。故填(l)ibraries。
14.句意:金属保护书籍免受该地区的大雨影响。根据“The metal prtects the bks frm the heavy rains”以及首字母可知是下雨,fall“落下”,句子使用一般现在时,主语是复数,动词用原形。故填(f)all。
15.句意:大多数人乘船旅行,他们也乘船携带书籍。根据“by bat and they als carry their bks by bat.”以及首字母可知是乘船旅行,travel“旅行”,句子使用一般现在时,主语是复数,动词用原形。故填(t)ravel。
16.句意:成箱的书留在村子里,几周后被换成新书。根据“Bxes f bks are left in villages and are traded(交换) fr new bks a few weeks”以及首字母可知是几周后换新书,later“之后”。故填(l)ater。
17.句意:它带来了很多信息。根据“It brings a infrmatin”以及首字母可知是很多信息,a wrld f“很多”。故填(w)rld。
C
(2022·江苏扬州·中考真题)
根据短文内容和首字母提示,在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整,完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。(每空一词)
The Grand Canal(大运河)is a man-made waterway that runs nrth and suth in eastern China. Dating back 2,500 years and stretching 1,794 kilmeters, it is amng the wrld’s ldest and l___18___ canals. Yangzhu China Grand Canal Museum is lcated n the bank f the ancient Grand Canal in Yangzhu, ne f the eight c___19___ in Jiangsu prvince sitting alng the Grand Canal.
The museum ___20___ its drs t the public n June 16,2021. It cvers an area f sme 80,000 square meters. It has tw structures: a fur-stry building in the s___21___ f a giant ship waiting t set sail, and a 100-meter-tall Tang-Dynasty-style twer.
The museum has 11 themed exhibitins(展览). They are telling the h___22___ f the Sui-Tang Grand Canal built during the Sui and Tang Dynasties(581-907), the Beijing-Hangzhu Grand Canal and the East Zhejiang Canal. These canals ffer a wealth f histric and cultural attractins w___23___ they cntinue t be used fr transprt, irrigatin(灌溉)and fld cntrl. The 25.7-meter-lng, 8-meter-high ancient Bian River sectin is c___24___ by many as the “treasure f the museum”.
S far, the museum has ver 10,000 exhibits(展品), including 20 grups f large nes, making it the best cllectin t shw the grandness f the canal and h___25___ peple changed nature.
Passing t___26___ the exhibitin hall and int the antiquated(老式的)streets, visitrs can see restaurants and shps alng the street, as if walking in the water village n the canal during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Yangzhu China Grand Canal Museum is different frm all the ther m____27____ which are themed n the Grand Canal in China. Why nt cme and visit it yurself?
【答案】
(l)ngest 19.(c)ities 20.()pened 21.(s)hape 22.(h)istry
23.(w)hile 24.(c)nsidered 25.(h)w 26.(t)hrugh 27.(m)useums
【导语】本文讲述扬州中国运河博物馆的修建,结构和它的独特之处。
18.句意:2500年之前建造,延伸1794千米的大运河跻身世界最古老和最长的运河。根据“ldest and”可知,用形容词最高级形成并列。根据首字母提示,可知表达最长的,用最高级“lngest”。故填(l)ngest。
19.句意:扬州中国运河博物馆位于扬州古代大运河的岸边,扬州是江苏省沿着大运河的八大城市之一。句子用“ne f 复数名词”的结构,表达“最……之一”。根据“Yangzhu”,“in Jiangsu prvince”及首字母提示,可知表达城市,用复数名词“cities”。故填(c)ities。
20.句意:博物馆在2021年6月16日向大众开放。句子缺谓语动词,根据“June 16,2021”可知是一般过去时,动词用过去式。根据“its drs t the public”及首字母提示,可知,句子表达打开大门,用过去式“pened”。故填()pened。
21.句意:它有两部分结构,像一艘等着航行的大船的四层的建筑,和一座100米高的唐代的塔。根据“f a giant ship waiting t set sail”及首字母提示,可知,句子表达建筑的形状,用“in the shape f”。故填(s)hape。
22.句意:它们讲述了隋朝和唐朝建造的隋唐大运河,北京到杭州的大运河和东部浙江运河的历史。定冠词“the”后用名词。根据“These canals ffer a wealth f histric and cultural attractins”可知,句子表达讲述了运河的历史北京,根据首字母提示可知用名词“histry”。故填(h)istry。
23.句意:这些运河提供了丰富的历史和文化景点,同时它们继续被用于运输、灌溉和防洪。根据“These canals ffer a wealth f histric and cultural cntinue t be used fr transprt, irrigatin and fld cntrl.”可知,前后句的动作是同时发生的,运河提供了丰富的历史和文化景点的同时,运河也被用于运输、灌溉和防洪。用连词while表示“与……同时”。故填(w)hile。
24.句意:长25.7米,高8米的古汴河段被许多人认为是“博物馆的瑰宝”。句子缺谓语动词,根据“by”可知是被动结构,根据首字母提示可知句子用“be cnsidered as”表达“被看作是……”。故填(c)nsidered。
25.句意:到目前为止,博物馆包含了一万种展品,包括二十组大型的展品,使得它成为最好的收藏品,展示了大运河的宏大和人们怎样改变大自然。根据“peple changed nature”可知后面是宾语从句,根据首字母提示,可知句子表达“怎样人们改变大自然”,用疑问词“hw”引导从句。故填(h)w。
26.句意:穿过展览馆,进入老式的街道,游客可以看到街道两边的餐馆和商店,好像走在明清时期运河上的水村里。根据“Passing”及“the exhibitin hall”可知,句子表达从展览馆内部穿过,用短语“pass thrugh”。故填(t)hrugh。
27.句意:扬州大运河博物馆以中国的大运河为主题,和所有其他的博物馆是不同的。根据“Yangzhu China Grand Canal Museum”及“which are themed n the Grand Canal”可知,此处是指其它博物馆,且需用复数形式“museums”。故填(m)useums。
D
(2022·上海杨浦·二模)
Fill in the blanks with prper wrds.(在短文的空格内填入适当的词,使其通顺。每空格限填一词,首字母已给。)
We all lve travelling t ther cuntries, but hw much d we really learn abut the places we visit? We enjy the nice v____28____ frm ur htel rm, we lk up ur guidebk and visit the ppular turist spts, then we return hme with happy memries and hundreds f phts! But what’s it l____29____ t live and study in anther cuntry?
Gina Rssi decided t spend a year in the USA as an exchange student. She knew the language wuld be difficult at first and she knew she wuld m____30____ her family and friends back hme, but she wanted t experience the real America.
Gina stayed with a family in Mead, Clrad. “I didn’t want t g t a c____31____,” she says. Mead is a fairly small twn, s it was ideal fr her. What was the first thing that she nticed in America? “Everything was bigger,” she says. “The huses, the schls, the shps.” Gina fund schl life difficult at first. The classes in mst high schls are very big. Yu have t be quite i____32____ and d almst everything n yur wn. And f curse, everything was in English. But the teachers were excellent and the students were all really friendly. “They sn made me feel at hme,” she says. Did anything s____33____ her? “I was expecting the fd t be terrible,” she says. “But the family I stayed with enjyed cking, s in fact, it was really nice. In the summer, when the weather was ht, we had a lt f barbecues—I liked thse.”
Gina nw says that living in a place, rather than visiting as a turist, is the nly way t experience the culture f anther cuntry. And her a____34____ fr thers? “If yu decide t g n an exchange, yu shuld jin in with everything t make the mst f the experience.” Gina even jined in as a cheerleader fr a high schl ftball game—but nly nce!
【答案】
28.(v)iew##(v)iews 29.(l)ike 30.(m)iss 31.(c)ity 32.(i)ndependent 33.(s)urprise 34.(a)dvice
【导语】
本文作者通过讲述Gina作为交换生的经历,告诉我们相比旅游而言,生活在另一个国家才是体验当地文化的唯一方式。
28.句意:我们从酒店的房间欣赏美丽的风景,我们查阅旅游指南,参观热门的旅游景点,然后带着快乐的回忆和数百张照片回家!根据“We enjy the ur htel rm”及首字母提示可知,此处指欣赏美丽的风景,需填一个名词作宾语。view“风景”,可数名词,此处用单复数都可以。故填(v)iew/(v)iews。
29.句意:但是在另一个国家生活和学习是什么感觉呢?根据“But what’s it live...”及首字母提示可知,此处指做某事会是怎么样,“What’”意为“……怎么样”。故填(l)ike。
30.句意:她知道一开始语言会很难懂,她也知道她会思念家乡的家人和朋友,但她想体验真正的美国。根据“Gina Rssi decided t spend a year in the USA as an exchange student.”及首字母提示可知,去美国生活一年,她会思念家乡的亲人和朋友。miss“思念”,动词,情态动词后接动词原形。故填(m)iss。
31.句意:她说:“她不想去城市。”根据“Mead is a fairly small twn, s it was ideal fr her.”可知,此处指她不想去城市。city“城市”,可数名词,前有不定冠词a,故用单数。故填(c)ity。
32.句意:你必须非常自立,几乎每件事都要自己做。根据“ almst everything n yur wn.”可知,几乎每件事都得自己做,所以必须非常自立。quite为副词,所以空处应填形容词independent“自立的”。故填(i)ndependent。
33.句意:有什么事让她惊讶吗?根据下文“I was expecting the fd t be terrible,”及“But the family I stayed with enjyed cking, s in fact, it was really nice.”可知,这里讲述的是令她惊讶的事,所以空处应为surprise“使惊讶”,动词,助动词后用动词原形。故填(s)urprise。
34.句意:她给别人的建议呢?根据下文“If yu decide t g n an exchange, yu shuld jin in with everything t make the mst f the experience.”可知,这里讲的是Gina给别人的建议,所以空处应为advice“建议”,不可数名词。故填(a)dvice。
E
(2022·江苏·盐城市鹿鸣路初级中学三模)
根据短文内容及首字母提示,填写所缺单词,使短文意思完整。
Once upn a time, there used t be a wnderful garden full f plants. In the crner f it, a white rse g____35____. It was the mst beautiful flwer there. It was as white as s____36____. The plants arund it were amazed at her beauty. But the white rse culdn’t see h____37____, s she didn’t knw hw beautiful she was. Smetimes, she was even a little green with the sunflwers(向日葵) arund her. She hped that she culd be as lvely as them.
One sunny day, a girl went int the garden. She walked arund and e____38____ the beauty f nature. S____39____ , she saw the white rse. “It hasn’t r____40____ fr days.” said the girl. “And the weather reprt says it will cntinue t be sunny fr a few days. If the rse stays here, it will d____41____ sn. I’ll take it hme and put it int my beautiful vase.”
The white rse was put int a lvely vase by the windw. Frm the reflectin in the windw, the white rse saw herself fr the f____42____ time. “Is that me?” she was shcked. “U____43____ nw, I didn’t realize hw great I lked.”
Smetimes, we think ther peple are very great but never realize ur wn a____44____. Lk int yur heart, and yu will find hw great yu are.
【答案】
(g)rew 36.(s)nw 37.(h)erself 38.(e)njyed 39.(S)uddenly
40.(r)ained 41.(d)ie 42.(f)irst 43.(U)ntil 44.(a)dvantages
【导语】
本文主要讲述了花园里的白玫瑰总觉得自己没有别的植物美丽,羡慕他人。偶然的一次窗户映像使白玫瑰意识到自己的美丽的故事。
35.句意:在它的角落里,长出了一朵白玫瑰。根据“there used t be a wnderful garden full f plants”以及首字母,可知这个花园 长满了植物,grw“生长”,动词,此处是一般过去时,其过去式的grew。故填(g)rew。
36.句意:它像雪一样白。根据上文“It was the mst beautiful flwer there”可知,它是这里最漂亮的花,根据首字母提示,可推断这朵白玫瑰像雪一样白,snw“雪”,名词。故填(s)nw。
37.句意:但是白玫瑰看不见自己,所以她不知道自己有多漂亮。根据“s she didn’t knw hw beautiful she was”及首字母提示,可知白玫瑰不知道自己有多漂亮是因为看不见她自己,herself“她自己”。故填(h)erself。
38.句意:她四处走动,享受着大自然之美。根据“the beauty f nature”及首字母提示,可知女孩是来享受大自然之美的。enjy“享受”,动词,此处是一般过去时,其过去式是enjyed。故填(e)njyed。
39.句意:突然,她看到了那朵白玫瑰。根据前句“She walked arund and enjyed the beauty f nature”及首字母提示,可知她四处走动,享受着大自然之美时,突然看到美丽的白玫瑰。Suddenly“意外地”,副词,修饰“she saw the white rse”。故填(S)uddenly。
40.句意:已经好几天没下雨了。根据“And the weather reprt says it will cntinue t be sunny fr a few days.”可知,天气预报说未来几天将继续是晴天,说明已经好几天没下雨了。rain“下雨”,动词。此处是现在完成时,结构是hasn’t +动词过去分词,rain的过去分词是rained。故填(r)ained。
41.句意:如果玫瑰留在这里,它很快就会死去。根据前文“it will cntinue t be sunny fr a few days”及及首字母提示,可知未来几天将继续是晴天,白玫瑰可能会死掉。die“死”,动词,放在will后面用动词原形。故填(d)ie。
42.句意:从窗户的倒影中,白玫瑰第一次看见了她自己。根据前文“But the white rse culdn’t see herself, s she didn’t knw hw beautiful she was.”可知,她从来都没有看见过自己。此处空前的“the”及首字母提示,可知此处要填序数词,表示白玫瑰是第一次看见自己。first“第一”,表示顺序。故填(f)irst。
43.句意:直到现在,我才意识到自己看起来有多漂亮。根据“I didn’t realize hw great I lked”可知白玫瑰此时才意识到自己看起来有多漂亮,根据首字母提示,可知此处填Until“直到”。故填(U)ntil。
44.句意:有时候,我们认为别人很好,但从来没有意识到我们自己的优点。根据前文“we think ther peple are very great but never realize ur wn…”及首字母提示,可知此处表示我们认为别人很好,但从来没有意识到我们自己的优势。advantages“优点”,可数名词,此处没有明确数量,故用名词复数。故填(a)dvantages。
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