中考英语一轮复习 考点详解+真题练习专项突破45 任务型阅读之综合任务（含解析）

这是一份中考英语一轮复习 考点详解+真题练习专项突破45 任务型阅读之综合任务（含解析），共12页。试卷主要包含了题型特点，题型分类，读细节，逐题攻克，通读全文，仔细检查等内容，欢迎下载使用。

命题趋势：
近几年，任务型阅读这一新题型逐步进入中考题。任务型阅读主要考查学生实际运用语言的能力。它要求学生在阅读理解的基础上完成某些任务，考查学生的判断推理能力。
一、题型特点
1. 命题灵活，题型多样。
一般阅读理解题型多采用选择题，题型单一。任务型阅读题则可以通过一篇短文或一幅图表要求学生完成多项任务，命题人可以随心所欲地设计出多种题型，考查学生多方面的能力。
2. 贴近生活，凸显交际。
任务型阅读重在考查用英语解决实际问题的能力，学生需在任务的引导下开展阅读，其问题设置不仅具有真实性、情境性，而且也体现出一定的开放性。这样的设问形式贴近学生使用语言的现实生活情景，学生完成任务的过程既是分析问题、解决问题的过程，也是运用语言进行交际的过程。
3. 读写结合，重视输出。
任务型阅读改变了过去阅读理解单向的信息输入，侧重主动的信息输出，要求学生整合短文中的相关信息，然后根据题目要求回答问题或完成图表，综合性很强。
4. 语言精练，高度概括。
任务型阅读题目要求学生填表或给文章拟标题时一般都有一定的字数限制，要求学生在正确把握原文的基础上，充分运用自己所学语言，重新整合信息，运用规范、概括的文字准确无误地表达出来。
二、题型分类
综观近年来的任务型阅读题，我们可以归纳出以下五类考点：
1. 中心归纳题
中心归纳题属于综合概括题，主要位于表格的标题处。这类题要求考生在弄懂全文的内容后，抓住文章的中心，然后对中心进行高度浓缩、概括，从而成为统领全文的标题。由于词数被限制在几个单词以内，因此这类题难度较大。考生必须具备对文章进行综合分析、归纳概括以及准确表达的能力。这类试题在考题中通常只占1题。
2. 段意概括题
段意概括题属于分析表达题，主要位于表格的左边栏。这类题主要考查考生对文章体裁、结构的认识及用语言文字的表达能力。如果文章是说明文，那么它的主题是什么？它的目的是什么？作者用什么方式、从哪几个方面进行介绍、说明的？作者通过介绍、说明得出了什么样的结论？作者提出了什么样的建议或希望？如果文章是议论文，那么文章的论点是什么？作者用什么方法、从哪些方面进行论证的？最后得出了什么样的结论？对于考生来说，这类试题有一定的难度，考生必须平时注意对文章进行分析，同时还应多熟记一些概括性的词汇，如：purpse/aim/gal; tpic/theme; suggestin/advice; type/kind; way/means/methd; effect/result; cause/reasn; feature/characteristic; functin/use; cmment/assessment等。这类试题在考题中一般占2―3题。
3. 功能理解题
功能理解题属于理解表达题。这类题主要考查考生对句子、信息在文章中所起作用的理解。考生不能只停留在对句子字面意思的理解，而应该透过现象抓住句子、信息的本质，即它与前后信息的联系，它们之间究竟是什么样的关系，如因果、条件、让步、比较等。这类试题在考题中通常占2―3题。
4. 信息压缩及改写题
信息压缩及改写题属于活用题。考生只要通读全文，就能在文章中找到与试题相关的信息，但是由于所给的信息往往过长，考生必须对这些信息进行再次加工，将信息压缩、改写成不超过三个单词的短语。如The by is eight years ld这一信息可考虑改写为an eight-year-ld by。这类试题在考题中占2—3题。
5. 信息获取题
信息获取题属于基础题。考生一边阅读文章就能一边从文章中直接找出试题的相关信息，并且不需要任何加工就可将它直接作为试题的答案。这类试题在考题中占2―3题。
解题技巧：
★题型概述
任务型阅读理解是中考必考题型之一，出题形式多样，常见题型有：根据短文内容来回答问题、还原句子、完成表格、判断正误和综合任务等。
★解题过程
阅读(信息输入)→判断、分析、概括、推理(信息加工与处理)→答题(信息输出)。
★解题技巧
一、明确阅读任务。明确所给的任务，带着任务去阅读材料。
二、读全文，了解大意。了解文章主要内容、文章感情基调、作者的意图态度。
三、读细节，逐题攻克。寻找细节，从原文找答案。精读细节，理解深层含义。
四、通读全文，仔细检查。
★答题要求
一、把握文章的内在逻辑关系，以文章提供的事实和观点为依据，立足原文，推断未知。
二、在答题时，总的原则就是：能简略回答，尽量简略回答。
三、书写要规范。句子开头首字母要大写；标点符号要规范；单词拼写要正确无误；单词书写要认真。
任务型阅读之解题方法
1. 通读全文，掌握大意。
首先要通读全文，尤其注意首尾段及每段的首尾句。短文的首句和首段常常是作者要说明的对象、事件起因、作者要阐述的观点、事件发生的时间、地点与人物的联系等，结尾句、段是事件结论或作者要表达的意图、目的等。这样就容易抓住中心，为准确、迅速答题打下良好的基础。
2. 浏览试题，明确要求。
在理解了文章的大意及框架结构后，应开始深入理解文章内容，浏览一下短文所设计的任务，并细读与每一道题目相关的段落，然后根据文中的关键词句确定答案。
3. 整合信息，准确简洁。
任务型阅读题目重点考查学生的综合归纳能力，很多题目需要学生根据文章内容进行归纳、总结后才能回答，因此，在确定与题目有关的语句后，还要对有关信息进行整合才能确定答案。此外，给文章拟标题类题目对答案有词数限制，要求学生必须对信息进行压缩，用尽量少的词汇简洁地表达重要信息。
4. 复读全文，核对答案。
这是至关重要的一步。在此阶段中，要用全文的主题思想统帅各思考题，研究其内在的逻辑关系。审核时，要结合在阅读和答题中所得到的信息重新读短文，检查答案，看是否前后一致、意义和语言知识是否和原文相同，是否符合逻辑等。如果发现前后矛盾、遗漏要点等错误，要立即纠正。
任务型阅读之解题注意事项
1、重视语言知识，抓好语言基本功。
＂任务型阅读＂属于读写并重的综合性试题，它增强了对语言知识的考查力度，从简单的填写单词到回答问题，都要求学生在词汇、句法、语法等方面具有扎实的基本功。因此，学生在日常学习中要以课程标准为依据，依托教材，扎扎实实地夯实自己的语言知识。
（1）丰富词汇知识，及时归纳拓展词汇的用法。
（2）讲解、分析各种句法，并通过多种形式的操练如：简单句和复合句之间的转换，更改句子主语，把几个简单句改写为一个简单句等形式，让学生能对基础知识举一反三，熟练运用。
（3）要在语境中呈现语法项目，并能灵活运用。
2、加强阅读训练，培养良好的阅读习惯。
（1）培养学生带着问题读文章的习惯。做阅读理解类题目时应结合文章后面所设问题进行阅读，边阅读边选出考察表层问题的答案，并确定与考察深层含义有关的段落，为之后的细读打下坚实的基础。
（2）培养学生整体把握篇章结构的能力。在阅读训练中，要注重整体阅读，加强文章结构的分析和理解训练。要引导学生分析文章结构，由篇章到层次到段落到细节，逐步分析，让学生学会总结中心思想、挖掘文章的要点及搞清作者的观点。同时，在尝试给文章添加标题的过程中，有效地训练学生整体把握篇章结构的能力。冰冻三尺非一日之寒。扎实的语言基础来自于平时严格的基本功训练和长期的知识积累。只要平时刻苦用功，打下扎实的英语知识基础，并掌握科学的答题方法，一定会攻克任务型阅读这类题目。
A
（2022·山东东营·中考真题）
阅读下面短文，根据要求完成下面各小题。
Firefighting (消防) is an imprtant jb t keep peple safe and help stp fires frm damaging（毁坏）t much prperty（财产）.
There are many imprtant parts t be a firefighter. First f all, firefighters have t be strng enugh t d their wrk, s they need t have physical training, such as carrying heavy bjects, ging up many stairs (楼梯), and wrking fr a lng time. Firefighters als have t knw the latest skills in fighting fires, s they need t g thrugh regular training t keep themselves and thers safe. Anyway, the mst imprtant part f being a firefighter is t wrk as a team. They have t wrk tgether t stp fires!
Firefighting is very stressful. Firefighters never knw when a fire r ther emergency (紧急情况) is ging t happen, s they have t be ready at all times. 3 Even in the middle f the night, firefighters have t be able t wake up quickly when the alarm (警报) ges ff.
Firefighters dn’t just fight huse fires. They als help peple wh are in accidents. Fr example, they use their special tls t help get peple ut f the cars if they’re stuck (卡住). In sme places, firefighters als have t be prepared t help peple wh are sick r injured (受伤的). These firefighters might be trained as nursing staff.
4 Firefighters are always there t help us whenever there’s an emergency. Firefighting is nt easy, but if yu like helping peple, it might be a gd jb fr yu!
A．根据短文内容简要回答问题。
1．Accrding t the passage, what are the three imprtant parts f being a firefighter?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2．Accrding t the passage, wh will ask firefighters fr help when there is nt a fire happening?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
B．将短文中划线的句子译成汉语。
3．_________________________________________________________________________________________
4．_________________________________________________________________________________________
C．请给短文拟一个适当的英文标题。
5．_________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Firefighters have t be strng enugh, knw the latest skills in fighting fires and wrk as a team.
Peple wh are in accidents and peple wh are sick r injured will ask firefighters fr help.
甚至在半夜，消防员也必须能够在警报响起时迅速醒来。
每当有紧急情况，消防队员总是在那里帮助我们。
5．Firefighters.
【导语】本文介绍了消防员工作的相关信息。
1．根据“First f all, firefighters have t be strng enugh t d their wrk”可知，消防员必须足够强壮来完成他们的工作；根据“Firefighters als have t knw the latest skills in fighting fires”可知，消防队员还必须知道最新的灭火技能；根据“Anyway, the mst imprtant part f being a firefighter is t wrk as a team.”可知，作为一名消防员最重要的部分是团队合作，所以消防队员必须足够强壮，知道最新的灭火技能，并作为一个团队工作。故填Firefighters have t be strng enugh, knw the latest skills in fighting fires and wrk as a team.
2．根据“Firefighters dn’t just fight huse fires. They als help peple wh are in sme places, firefighters als have t be prepared t help peple wh are sick r injured (受伤的).”可知，遭遇事故的人和生病或受伤的人会向消防队员求助，故填Peple wh are in accidents and peple wh are sick r injured will ask firefighters fr help.
3．even意为“甚至”，in the middle f the night“在半夜”，be able t...“能够”，wake up“醒来”，g ff“响铃”，firefighters“消防员”，have t“不得不”，quickly“快速地”，when“当……时”，the alarm“警报”，故填：甚至在半夜，消防员也必须能够在警报响起时迅速醒来。
4．whenever“无论何时，每当”，emergency“紧急情况，紧急事件”，Firefighters“消防队员”，are always there“总是在那里”，help us“帮助我们”，故填：每当有紧急情况，消防队员总是在那里帮助我们。
5．文章介绍了消防员工作的相关信息，所以标题可以是Firefghters。故填Firefighters.
B
（2022·湖南娄底·中考真题）
阅读下面的短文, 按要求完成后面各个小题。
Tm and Annie lived a little far frm a twn. They used t spend half an hur ging t schl n ft every day. 4. It was a happy walk fr them because there was a very beautiful lake beside the rad.
When the ice was thick enugh, they walked acrss the lake. Hwever, their mther didn’t allw them t walk n the ice unless there was an adult with them. One day she said t them, “Dn’t g acrss the lake tday, children. It’s beginning t melt（融化）.”
When Tm and Annie came t the lake, the ice lked hard and safe. 5.汤姆忘记了妈妈所说的话. He tld his sister, “The ice hasn’t melted. It is nt dangerus at all. Dn’t wrry. Let’s enjy urselves n the ice.”
S they stepped （踩） n the ice, and started t g acrss the lake. They had nt gne far befre the ice brke, and then they fell int the water. Luckily, a man heard the children shuting fr help. He quickly jumped int the lake t save them. Tm tried t get t the shre（岸） withut any help. Hwever, pr Annie wasn’t able t swim. She culdn’t get t the shre by herself. At last, the man saved her frm the water successfully.
Tm gt a bad cld after the accident. He remembered the lessn （教训） as lng as he lived.
根据短文内容用简要答语回答下面三个问题
6．What did the mther ask her children nt t d n that day?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
7．What happened t Tm and Annie when the ice brke?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
8．What can yu learn frm Tm’s lessn?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
9．将短文中划线的句子翻译成中文。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
10．将短文中划线的句子翻译成英文。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
6．She asked them nt t g acrss the lake.
7．They fell int the water.
8．Listen t yur mther and be careful utside.
9．这对他们来说是一次愉快的散步，因为路边有一个非常美丽的湖。
10．Tm frgt what his mther said.
【导语】本文主要讲汤姆和安妮在上学途中不听妈妈教诲私自在冰面上走并掉进湖里后被解救的故事。汤姆被救回后感冒严重，他会永远记住这次教训。
6．根据“Dn’t g acrss the lake tday, children. It’s beginning t melt（融化）”可知妈妈叫孩子们不要从冰面上走，冰在融化了。故填She asked them nt t g acrss the lake.
7．根据“and then they fell int the water.”可知他们掉进水里了，故填They fell int the water.
8．开放性题型，答案合理即可，比如“听你妈妈的话，在外面要小心”。故填Listen t yur mther and be careful utside.
9．a happy walk一次愉快的散步；fr them对他们来说； because因为；there was有；a very beautiful lake非常美丽的湖；beside the rad路边。故填：这对他们来说是一次愉快的散步，因为路边有一个非常美丽的湖。
10．根据句意要用一般过去时；frgt忘记；what his mther said妈妈所说的话。故填Tm frgt what his mther said.
C
（2022·陕西西安·二模）
任务型阅读。
Wang Xun, 14, lives in a pr village in Yunnan, where educatinal resurces are limited. Hwever, he has learned binics (仿生学) by taking MOOC．MOOC r massive pen nline curses, allw students all ver the cuntry t take lessns nline at any time, frm anywhere.
MOOC were first develped in the West in 2011. They came t China arund 2013. That year, Tsinghua University funded Xuetang X, the wrld’s first Chinese MOOC platfrm. It prvides users with high-quality nline curses frm many tp universities.
After six years f develpment, China has the largest number f MOOC learners in the wrld. Abut 270 millin peple have taken MOOC in China as f August this year, accrding t the Ministry f Educatin. Abut 80 millin f these users were cllege students.
Users can chse frm 15,000 curses thrugh the MOOC platfrm. The curses are frm traditinal subjects such as freign language and science t ppular majrs such as big data and artificial intelligence. Mre than 200 f these curses have been viewed by peple frm the United States, the United Kingdm, France, Spain and Suth Krea.
The MOOC netwrk has made a cntributin t educatin equity (公平), the Ministry added. Clleges and universities in China’s less-develped western areas have tried t intrduce pen nline curses in their classrms. Over 3 millin students frm clleges in western China have taken nline curses, Xinhua reprted.
By the end f this year, the Ministry f Educatin (教育部) plans t set up a bilingual (双语的) gateway website that will cnnect Chinese MOOC t abut 20 different MOOC websites. Students in ther parts f the wrld will be able t take Chinese MOOC．
11．Why des Wang Xun take MOOC?
Because his schl’s resurces are limited and MOOC allw him t have classes ___________.
12．What des “it” refer t in the secnd paragraph?
It refers t ___________.
13．What des the furth paragraph mainly talk abut?
It mainly talks abut ___________.
14．Wuld yu like t be a MOOC learner? Why?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
15．Why d yu think the Ministry f Educatin wants t set up a bilingual (双语的) gateway website?
____________________________________________________________________________________________.
【答案】
nline at any time, frm anywhere
12．Xuetang X, the wrld’s first Chinese MOOC platfrm
13．the curse
14．Yes, I’d like t. Because I think it is helpful and useful.
15．Students in ther parts f the wrld will be able t take Chinese MOOC.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了大规模开放在线课程MOOC在中国的发展情况。
11．根据“MOOC r massive pen nline curses, allw students all ver the cuntry t take lessns nline at any time, frm anywhere.”可知，MOOC或称大规模开放在线课程，允许全国各地的学生在任何时间、任何地点在线学习。故填nline at any time, frm anywhere。
12．根据“That year, Tsinghua University funded Xuetang X, the wrld’s first Chinese MOOC platfrm. It prvides users with high-quality nline curses frm many tp universities.”可知，同年，清华大学成立了全球首个中文MOOC平台“学堂X”。它为用户提供来自许多顶尖大学的高质量在线课程。此处It指的是全球首个中文MOOC平台“学堂X”。故填Xuetang X, the wrld’s first Chinese MOOC platfrm。
13．分析第四段内容可知，本段主要介绍MOOC的课程，故填the curse。
14．本题属于开放性试题，言之有理皆可。参考答案：Yes, I’d like t. Because I think it is helpful and useful.
15．根据“By the end f this year, the Ministry f Educatin plans t set up a bilingual gateway website that will cnnect Chinese MOOC t abut 20 different MOOC websites. Students in ther parts f the wrld will be able t take Chinese MOOC.”可知，教育部计划建立一个双语门户网站，这样世界其他地区的学生将能够参加中国的MOOC课程。故填Students in ther parts f the wrld will be able t take Chinese MOOC.
D
（2022·山东菏泽·三模）
任务型阅读——简答
It is ften believed that we are always well prtected by thse wh are brave. Zhng Nanshan, a well-knwn dctr, is ne f them. Let’s knw smething abut him.
Octber, 1936, Dr. Zhng was brn int a family f dctrs. July, 1960, Zhng graduated frm Beijing Medical Cllege and tk a teaching here. 2003, Dr. Zhng risked his life t cntrl SARS, which led t a terrible fast-spreading disease. At that time, few peple knew abut SARS and had n idea t fight against it effectively. Dangerus as it was, Dr. Zhng and his team discvered the cause f the disease and the effective treatment thrugh hard wrk fr several mnths.
September, 1971, encuraged t fllw his parents’ ftsteps, Zhng started his career as a dctr in Guangzhu. He made up his mind t bring healthier and happier lives t peple. April, 2004, because f his great cntributins, Zhng was presented Bethune Medal (白求恩奖章) which was the highest prize in the field f medicine and health. In 2020, the Crnavirus (新冠病毒) utbreak in January in Wuhan frightened billins f peple. Dr. Zhng, aged 83, still jined in the battle against the disease bravely. T free peple frm fear, Dr. Zhng taught them hw t prtect themselves patiently. Meanwhile, he played an imprtant rle in the vaccine (疫苗) develpment team. In March, Dr Zhng shared China’s experience nline with the dctrs in Eurpe, where the virus (病毒) als came arund at the end f February.
16．What is the first jb that Zhng Nanshan chse t be?
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17．Hw ld was Dr. Zhng Nanshan when he wn the highest prize in his field?
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18．Wh did Dr Zhng share experience with nline in March?
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19．把短文划线句子翻译成汉语。
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20．给短文拟一个恰当的标题。
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【答案】
A teacher
17．68 years ld
18.The dctrs in Eurpe
19.人们通常认为，我们总是被那些勇敢的人好好地保护着
20．Zhng Nanshan, a well-knwn dctr
【导语】本文按照时间的顺序，介绍了钟南山院士的成长背景及他对国家所做出的巨大贡献。
16．根据第二段中“July, 1960, Zhng graduated frm Beijing Medical Cllege and tk a teaching here.”可知，钟南山选择的第一份工作是一名老师。故填A teacher。
17．根据第二段中“Octber, 1936, Dr. Zhng was brn int a family f dctrs.”和第三段中“April, 2004, because f his great cntributins, Zhng was presented Bethune Medal (白求恩奖章) which was the highest prize in the field f medicine and health.”可知，钟南山博士在68（2004-1936=68）岁时候获得了该领域的最高奖项。故填68 years ld。
18．根据第三段中“In March, Dr Zhng shared China’s experience nline with the dctrs in Eurpe, where the virus (病毒) als came arund at the end f February.”可知，3月份钟博士在网上与欧洲的医生们分享了经验。故填The dctrs in Eurpe。
19．句中It is believed that是固定句型，意为“人们认为，据说”，that引导宾语从句，that后面的句子“we are always well prtected by thse wh are brave”是宾语从句；we are always well prtected“我们总是被好好地保护着”，by thse wh are brave“被那些勇敢的人”，其中“wh are brave”是定语从句，修饰thse。故填：人们通常认为，我们总是被那些勇敢的人好好地保护着。
20．本文主要介绍了钟南山院士的成长背景及他对国家所做出的巨大贡献。由此可知，“钟南山，一位著名的医生” 符合文意，本文恰当的标题是“钟南山，一位著名的医生”。故填Zhng Nanshan, a well-knwn dctr。