题型三 任务型阅读课件---2024年中考英语（讲练）一轮复习

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2013—2022年河北中考命题分析
一(2022·河北) “I culd tell it was him by the way he walked.” If yu’ve ever said that, yu understand bimetrics(生物识别技术). Bimetric technlgy is an imprtant tpic in ur wrk and private lives. It includes the use f finger prints r knwing a persn’s vice.
1题完成句子;1. Bimetric technlgy includes _____________________ r knwing a persn’s vice.
the use f finger prints
It is the science abut what a persn lks like and hw a persn des things. Like tree leaves, n tw human beings are exactly the same. They’ve gt different eyes and different hair. And everyne has a different way f walking r mving. This technlgy can tell yu frm thers. At the mment if yu travel thrugh an airprt, yu need yur ID card r passprt.
2、3题简略回答问题;2. What are peple wrried abut?_____________________________________________________________________
Peple are wrried abut the safety f their private infrmatin.
If yu g t yur bank t get sme mney, yu need a card and a special number. But what shuld yu d if yu lse yur passprt r frget yur number? Bimetric technlgy can slve this prblem. The technlgy is becming mre and mre ppular with ld peple because they n lnger need t remember their passwrds(密码).
3. Where can the technlgy be used accrding t the text? 至少写出文中提到的两个地方_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4题找出并写下第二段的主题句;________________________________________________________
We use the technlgy t unlck a smart phne, get int ur hmes, start ur cars withut a key r even pay fr ur shpping.
This technlgy can tell yu frm thers.
This technlgy is all arund us in ur life. We use them t unlck a smart phne, get int ur hmes, start ur cars withut a key r even pay fr ur shpping. Nthing is perfect. Peple are wrried abut the safety f their private infrmatin. Hwever, the technlgy will becme much better in the future, and it will becme mre and mre imprtant in ur daily life.
5题将画线句子译成汉语。______________________________________________
这种技术在我们的生活中无处不在。
二(2021·河北) What will the wrld f tmrrw lk like? Many peple tday believe that technlgy is ging t help slve sme f the mst difficult prblems we have n Earth tday. New technlgy may slve ld prblems, and it may als create new nes. N technlgy is perfect. Each has advantages and disadvantages, as these three examples.
1、2题完成句子;1. New technlgy may　　　　　　　　__________________ and may als create new nes. 2. If the flying cars becme ppular, there will be prblems with _________________.
slve ld prblems
traffic cntrl
When we dream abut the future, many f us think that we will be able t fly t the skies in ur wn persnal flying car. We culd fly at 480 km per hur, aviding traffic lights and busy rads. Hwever, if the cars becme ppular, there will be prblems with traffic cntrl. 3D printing is anther new technlgy fr the future.
3题简略回答问题;3. What might the rbt suit help peple d after an illness r an accident?______________________________________________
It might help peple walk again.
3D printers are already used t make life-size mdels f car parts, and man-made bdy parts, such as ears. As we mve int the future,3D printing will change the way we make things and the way we treat sick peple. The disadvantage is that such a machine is very expensive. Finally, peple are trying t build a rbt suit(套装). This is an electrnic suit. It allws peple t lift heavy bjects and walk a lng way.
4题找出并写下第三段的主题句;4. ___________________________________________________________________
3D printing is anther new technlgy fr the future.
It might help peple walk again after an illness r an accident. Hwever, ne disadvantage at the mment is cst. Lking ahead, it is easy t imagine a future. We will be able t fly t wrk, print ut a new pair f shes r lift a car abve ur heads. Althugh there are sme prblems t slve befre all f this is pssible, we can certainly dream f a wrld. In this wrld, technlgy makes peple’s life easier and safer. It can slve sme f the mst difficult prblems we have tday.
5题将文中画线句子译成汉语。_____________________________________________________________________
在这个世界上，科技使人们的生活更容易、更安全。
三(2020·河北) Remember bks? The paper kind. With pages. In the ld days befre cmputers, t get infrmatin, peple read bks and newspapers. Students spent hurs and hurs in the library, lking fr infrmatin in the ld bks fr hmewrk. Nw students can find anything n the Internet in secnds. The library was a place where everyne was quiet.
1题完成句子;1. In the ld days befre cmputers, peple ______________________________ t get infrmatin.
read bks and newspapers
Sing alng t music? Never! Watch a mvie n phne while they are reading? Impssible! But nw students can watch vides abut their research tpic as they write a paper. Befre cmputers, articles were handwritten. If a student made a mistake, he wuld thrw the paper away and start writing all ver again. Nw? If a student makes a mistake, he can just remve r cut it.
2、3题简略回答问题;2. Hw can a student crrect his mistake while writing n the cmputer?_____________________________________________________________________
He can just remve r cut it. / Just remve r cut it. / Remve r cut it.
Students type n their cmputers and edit(编辑) freely. But they shuld save their writing in time n the cmputer because it may stp wrking suddenly. Wh wants t lse his hard wrk frever? Cmmunicatin nline is easy and fun. While students are writing, they can discuss with friends in anther windw.
3. Why shuld students save their writing in time n the cmputer?___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Because it (the cmputer) may stp wrking suddenly. / It (The cmputer) may stp wrking suddenly.
Did yu think they were chatting(聊天) with smene in the real same rm? N! They’re chatting with everyne in their wn rm. Technlgy helps us get imprtant infrmatin in n time. In areas where bad weather is a prblem, we can get warnings frm ur phne. Our lcal radi r TV statin can give infrmatin abut where t get help r what t d t keep ur family and hme safe. Technlgy is ur friend!
4题找出并写下第四段的主题句;________________________________________________________________________5题将文中画线句子译成汉语。________________________________________________________________________
Technlgy helps us get imprtant infrmatin in n time.
学生们在写东西时，（他们）可以在另一个窗口与朋友们讨论。
四(2019·河北) Critical thinking(批判性思维) is trying t imprve the way yu think. Peple use critical thinking in every area f life t slve prblems and evaluate claims(评估主张). Like every ther skill, critical thinking takes practice. When a prblem cmes ur way, we need t think critically t decide hw t slve it.
1、2题完成句子;1. Peple use critical thinking t _____________and evaluate claims. 2. Critical thinking can stp us frm __________________________.
slve prblems
making pr chices
When we see an advertisement, fr example, we shuld stp and think. Advertisements are made t make peple feel certain that they are true, and then peple can buy the prducts. But is what the advertisement says true? Is it making a claim? Or des it nly interest us? Critical thinking is imprtant and stps us frm making pr chices. In fact, we are using it if we ask questins naturally abut what we see.
3题简略回答问题;3. What kind f persn will yu becme as yu grw in critical thinking?______________________________________________
I’ll becme a wiser and mre thughtful persn.
Practice makes perfect. While yu are grwing in critical thinking, yu’ll becme a wiser and mre thughtful persn. There are many ways f ding practice. Here are a few: ★ Read abut a tpic peple disagree n. Lk at articles r bks n all sides f the subject. Fr each side f the subject, think carefully and evaluate it.
4题找出并写下第二段的主题句;4. ___________________________________________________________________
Like every ther skill, critical thinking takes practice.
★ When yu see r hear a claim, ask questins abut it. Wh is making the claim and why?★ Evaluate yur wn thinking. Where and why d yu think uncritically? Hw can yu imprve? Critical thinking shuld be part f everything we d. It may help yu t succeed at wrk r schl. Make yurself int a habit f critical thinking. Change yur thughts and change yur wrld.
5题将文中画线句子译成汉语。5. ____________________________________________
它可能在工作中或学业上帮助你成功。
任务型阅读是阅读理解题型考查中的主观性试题形式, 除了考查理解之外,还考查考生的书面信息传递能力,即通过书写将所要求的任务内容进行处理并传达出来。因此这对考生的综合能力要求会更高一些。任务型阅读是河北各地中考英语必考题型之一,也是试卷中容易失分的题型之一。从试题难易程度上看,阅读的难易是适中的,容易分析理解,但在问题的设计上不会直接呈现出答案,所以需要考生掌握一定的答题规律和解题技巧,了解不同考查形式的应对策略,这样可以提高得分的概率。
1. 完成句子 这类题目设题难度不大,多属于细节理解题。解答这类题目时,要根据题干所提供的线索,锁定文章中的“重点区域”,了解阅读材料与题目之间的关系,然后提取需要的信息,最后写出答案。2. 回答问题 这类题目主要考查考生对已知信息的推理能力,通过对文章细节的理解、推敲,理解文章深层的含义。这在任务型阅读中属于难度较大的题目,考生要在理解阅读材料的基础上,捕捉相关信息,把握文章的内在逻辑关系,悟出命题者的深层含义或言外之意。答题时要注意以下几个方面:
(1)能简略回答的,尽量简略回答,避免长句子出现语法错误; (2)书写要规范整洁。句子开头首字母要大写;标点符号要规范,单词拼写要正确; (3)适当调整。在回答时,要对照题目,根据需要对句子的人称、单复数、时态、语态、词性、主谓搭配等做出适当的调整; (4)注意检查:是否存在书写问题,首字母是否大写,人称单复数是否按照要求书写,时态、语态、词性、主谓搭配是否正确,要避免不必要的失分。 总的来说,想要答好这类题目,不仅仅需要掌握答题规律,而且还需要在平时课内外加大阅读的训练量,培养语言分析运用能力。
3. 找主题句 这种题目考查考生对文章大意的理解,出题率特别高,主要考查考生的语言整合能力。对于概括大意的问题,需要考生对全文进行考虑,只有了解文章的大意和命题者的观点,才能对文章做出准确的概括。河北省中考多考查在文章中找主题句,这样难度还不太大,考生可注意首尾段和每段的第一句话。但在各地市中考模拟中也出现概括主题句或要求考生给文章拟一个合适的标题,这样难度会提高很多,对考生的综合理解能力要求就更高了。在此提醒考生遵循两个原则:一个是概括性原则,要最大程度上覆盖全文,体现文章的中心大意;另一个是醒目性原则,即标题必须力求吸引读者的注意力。
4. 英译汉 在翻译时,要根据对上下文的理解对画线句子进行准确翻译。遇到不认识的词语可以从上下文的理解获得提示。平时训练时要练习对固定搭配、重要句型的理解和记忆,这样可以提高答题水平。
1. 明确阅读任务 任务型阅读一般提供一段或几段阅读材料,在材料后设置五个任务,做题时应先阅读所给的任务,明确任务是什么,再带着任务去阅读材料,这样就能做到心中有数,有针对性地去读,并能提高阅读效率。2. 通读全文,了解大意 明确任务后,应迅速阅读全文来了解文章主要内容,以及文章的感情基调、命题者的意图、态度倾向。在材料后的问题设置中,经常有对文章大意的考查。对于概括大意的题目,需要通篇考虑,对要点加以归纳概括,这类题目有时可以从文中找到答案,但有时需要用自己的话来概括。这类题目难度较大,对文章还得再读一读,才能总结出来。
3. 关注细节,逐题攻克 (1)找细节,从原文中找答案 在经过第二步泛读全文之后,对于材料后面问题的细节考查题,在文章中所处的大体位置有所了解。然后就可以采用“跳读”的方式来寻找细节在原文中的对应,跳读的目的就是为细节寻找答案。如阅读填空或填表题,这种题目要求考生通过阅读材料,获取相关信息,以填写词语或补全句子的方式完成表格或图表。还有一些题目是对文章细节的直接设问,答案通常可以从原文中找到。从历年河北中考英语题来看,有相当比例的此类题目。
(2)精读细节,理解深层含义 任务型阅读也是阅读理解的一种题型,不仅考查考生直接获取信息的能力,还考查考生通过已知信息进行推理,研究细节的暗示,推敲命题者的态度,理解文章的寓意。因此,这就要求考生要具备通过已知信息进行判断推理的能力和透过字面意思解读深层含义的能力,这一类型题在阅读测试中属于难度较大的题目。在做这一类型的题目时,考生应在理解全文的基础上,捕捉文章中有关的信息,精读特定细节及周围的句子来帮助理解。
4. 通读全文,仔细检查 在完成所有任务后,考生还应结合题目再将全文通读一遍,认真核实答案,同时还应检查一下书写的规范性及句子的人称、单复数、时态、语态、词性、主谓搭配等,这是答题的最后一步,同样也很关键。
1、2题完成句子;1. Many peple have knwn that ______________________ and clse t nature has many benefits.
(2022·秦皇岛海港区二模) Richard Luv, an American writer, wrte abut what he called nature-deficit disrder(大自然缺失症) in his bk. He called fr saving urselves frm nature-deficit disrder. Nw mre and mre peple have knwn that being utdrs and clse t nature has many benefits(益处).
being utdrs
Getting back t nature is helpful in reducing stress. In a study, vlunteers were given stress tests befre and after walking in the wds. And later they were als given the same tests befre and after walking in the city. The results shwed that the vlunteers’ bld pressure was lwer after walking in the wds cmpared with walking in the city.
2. In a study, vlunteers? bld was lwer after______________________ cmpared with walking in the city.
walking in the wds
Being clse t nature helps imprve yur creativity. In a study,muntain climbers scred better n a creativity test after spending fur days in nature withut any electrnic devices like smartphnes. One f the study’s researchers, David Strayer, said, “It shws that staying in nature has real benefits t creative prblem-slving.”
3题简略回答问题;3. Hw d patients heal faster accrding t a study in the passage? ______________________________________________
By spending mre time in natural light.
Getting back t nature can help yur bdy heal(治愈) itself. A study shwed that patients wh spent mre time in natural light healed faster and had less pain than thse wh didn’t. It seemed nature served as a natural medicine. Spending time utdrs als helps peple frm better relatinships.
Getting back t nature can help yur bdy heal itself.