题型二 阅读理解课件---2024年中考英语（讲练）一轮复习

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2013—2022年河北中考命题分析
一(2022·河北,B) Last year I had a trip with my friend, Nancy. The weather was cludy except fr ne night. Nancy and I sat in the field and we felt relaxed. We talked abut the fantastic trip, lking at the stars. “It’s a pity we dn’t knw which stars we’re lking at, Jenny,” said Nancy. “I knw sme f them,” I answered. Nancy felt surprised when I finally finished telling her all the names I knew.
( )1. Hw did Nancy feel after Jenny tld her the names f stars?A. Relaxed.　　　　　　B. Surprised.C. Angry.D. Wnderful.
　My interest in stars began when I was eight. My aunt tk me t a planetarium(天文馆). A guide shwed us the grups f stars and tld us stries abut hw they gt their names. The stries were wnderful.　Everyne knws we can see the stars better when it’s nt cludy, but lts f peple dn’t realize that a bright mn als stps us seeing very much.
( )2. What is Jenny planning t d? A. Have a space travel.B. Take curses nline.C. Make vides abut stars.D. Give a talk abut names.
I always lk fr the Plugh(北斗星), because nce I see that, I can find the Nrth Star and ther stars.　I wanted t learn mre abut the stars, s I tk a curse at the club. There are s many lights in the city that we have t g int the cuntryside t see any stars. I’m planning t make vides abut stars in the cuntryside. I’ll pst them nline fr everyne t watch. My greatest dream is t be an astrnaut(宇航员) and I wish I culd have a space travel.
( )3. Which f the fllwing wuld Jenny prbably agree with? A. Students shuld mve t the cuntryside.B. Children’s favrite hbby is t write stries.C. The best place t watch stars is the city center.D. A bright mn may stp peple seeing very much.
二(2022·河北,D) Nbdy wants t lse, but we must accept that lsing is a part f life. After all, we can’t win all the time. Hwever, we can learn smething valuable frm every failure(失败). This may help us succeed in the future. S we must knw hw t be a gd lser.
( )1. What can we learn frm every failure accrding t the text?A. A way f life.B. A valuable thing.C. A general rule.D. A secret f success.
　We must nt be afraid f lsing. When we lse, just take it with a smile and lk n the bright side f it. Failure can’t be avided in ur life. Edisn failed 10,000 times befre he invented the light bulb(灯泡). When he was asked hw he felt, he said that he hadn’t failed 10,000 times but had learned 10,000 things which didn’t wrk.
( )2. In the writer’s eyes, why did Edisn achieve success? A. He gt help frm thers.B. He happened t make it.C. He avided pssible mistakes.D. He saw the bright side f lsing.
We must knw that histry is full f examples f men and wmen wh achieved success althugh they failed many times.　Lsing is nt very disgraceful. We must accept ur failure and learn t take advantage f it. Remember that it can be helpful. Take actin t walk ut f it. When we lse, think abut what we did and hw we can imprve. If smene else can help, we’ll be lucky enugh.
( )3. What des the underlined wrd “disgraceful” prbably mean? A. Bad.B. Persnal.C. Dangerus.D. Interesting.
Maybe he r she has been thrugh the same experience befre. Many peple enjy helping thers slve prblems.　This can save us a lt f time in learning hw t avid the same mistakes in the future. We shuld face ur failure when we lse. There is nly ne winner in every cmpetitin. Sme win, while sme lse. That is a usual way f life.
( )4. What des the writer advise the lsers t d in a cmpetitin? A. Express the regrets.B. Frget the failure.C. Share in the winners? enjyment.D. Jin in anther cmpetitin.
If we ffer ur cngratulatins(祝贺) t the winners and share in their happiness, we wn’t feel srry fr ur failure.　In a wrd, being a gd lser will help us t succeed in life. It might be painful at the beginning, but there are many advantages. Gd lsers set examples t us, and mst imprtantly, they finally win.
( )5. What is the best title fr the text? A. Ideas abut Hw t Avid MistakesB. Experience in Dealing with PrblemsC. Advice n Hw t Be a Gd LserD. Advantages f bth Success and Failure
三(2021·河北,C)My learning recrdUnit 2 Let’s celebrate!Name: Jyce　Self-assessment(自评)Reading 4 3 2 1★ I knw mre abut festivals in ther cuntries.R £ £ £
( )1. What can Jyce d while listening? A. Listen fr different activities.B. Find ut the main idea.C. Listen fr useful infrmatin.D. Find ut the names f festivals.
★ I can find ut the main idea f the passage quickly. £ R £ £ Listening★ I can listen fr useful infrmatin in a radi prgram.R £ £ £ Vcabulary(词汇)★I knw the names f festivals and activities.R £ £ £
( )2. Which shuld Jyce d better in? A. Speaking.B. Writing.C. Grammar.D. Vcabulary.
★I knw the relatinship between the cuntries and festivals.R £ £ £ Grammar★I can use smene/smebdy, anyne/anybdy, n ne/nbdy, smething, anything and nthing crrectly.£ R £ £★I can use Wh-questins crrectly.R £ £ £Scre: 26 / 28
( )3. Which f the fllwing cmments is fr Jyce?A. Gd. Keep it up!B. Try harder!C. Practice makes perfect.D. Well dne! Yu wrk hard.
Peer assessment(同伴评价) Ask yur partner t help yu assess yur speaking and writing skills.Speaking★I can ask questins abut different cuntries? festivals crrectly.£ R £ £★I can speak ludly and clearly while answering questins.£ £ R £
( )4. What’s the main reasn the students use “My learning recrd”? A. T explain why they have passed the exam.B. T check hw much prgress they have made.C. T tell their parents what they’ve dne at schl.D. T knw abut hw they can use the grammar crrectly.
Writing★I can plan and rganize ideas befre writing my articles.R £ £ £Scre: 9 / 12Ttal: 35 / 40Cmments(评语)30~40Well dne! Yu wrk hard.21~29Gd. Keep it up!Belw 20Try harder! Practice makes perfect.
四(2020·河北,A) In class, students are sharing their dream jbs. Jacb: I’d like t be a muntain-climbing guide fr several reasns. Number One, muntain climbing is very exciting. Muntain-climbing guides get t climb tall, dangerus muntains, right? Number Tw, I enjy wrking utdrs and helping thers. Number Three, muntain-climbing guides travel widely and meet many fun peple.
( )1. Jacb’s dream jb is t be 　　. A. a vet　　　　　　B. an animatrC. an accuntantD. a muntain-climbing guide
Fred: My chice is t be a vet(兽医). Why? I like animals. Animals bring a lt f jy t ur lives, but they ask fr little in return. I als enjy helping animals and their wners feel better. Pet wners are happy when their pets are well. Finally, vets get t wrk with ther peple wh like animals.
( ) 2. What is Anne’s main reasn fr her dream jb?A. The jb is interesting.B. The jb is well paid. C. She is gd at numbers. D. She likes t wrk by herself.
Anne: Ha, my dream jb? An accuntant (会计)! I think it’s interesting. I’m gd at numbers, yu knw, and I als like helping peple manage their mney. Gd accuntants are well paid, and I want t manage my wn mney, f curse. But the mst imprtant f all, accuntants mstly wrk alne, and I like t wrk alne.
( )3. What d the fur students have in cmmn?A. They enjy wrking utside. 　　　B. They enjy ffering help t thers.C. They hpe t meet fun peple. 　　　D. They hpe t make a lt f mney.
Jessica: I’d like t becme an animatr(动画片制作者) and make films like Ty Stry, Shrek, and Cars. Yu see, I lve drawing and I lve wrking n cmputers. I’d like t help peple relax and enjy their life. Animatrs can make a lt f mney, t.
选择型阅读理解在河北省中考英语试卷中分值占30分,自2018年增加至四篇文章,由此可见这一题型的重要性。阅读理解主要考查考生以下几个方面的阅读理解能力:理解和把握文章主旨大意、段落大意和中心思想的能力;理解和把握文章具体信息来获取有关信息的能力,及根据上下文提供的语境推测生词词义、句意,进而加深对文章的理解能力;根据文章进行简单的数字推算和计算的能力;既要理解单词、短语、句子和文章的表层意思,更要理解其深层含义和抽象概念的能力;理解全篇的逻辑关系,根据已知信息进行合理的推理判断和预测新信息的能力。考查角度也因题而异,可分为细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题和主旨大意题等。
1. 细节理解题 这类题是针对文章的细节设计的,考查对事实或者细节的理解和辨别,即考查短文中直接或间接提到的具体信息的细节及线索。对于这种阅读理解题,需要仔细比较所给的四个选项,找出语言表达差别的关键词来重点思考。做这种考试题一般用扫读(scanning)来从短文中寻找答案。特别是寻找人名、地名、时间或者某一个关键词。找到这个关键词时考生要进行局部的细心的阅读,以保证所寻找的答案在此处。为了保证扫读的有效性,在扫读之前必须认真审题,因为审题的过程就是明确阅读目的的过程。做此类题目时还要特别注意以下几点:
(1)五个W(wh、which、when、where、what)和一个H(hw); (2)数字、日期、时间等; (3)注意加强语气的词。然后运用排除法排除不符合原文细节的选项,剩下的就是要选择的最佳答案。 如“数据链接 真题试做”第二题第1小题属于细节理解题。2. 推理判断题 在理解原文表面信息的基础上,做出判断和推理,得出其隐含意义和深层意思。这类题考查考生对阅读材料全篇的逻辑关系的理解,对文章各段、各句之间的逻辑关系的理解能力。
做这类题要依据命题者所陈述的细节、事实以及命题者的措辞、态度和语气,找出能够表露命题者思想倾向和感情色彩的词句,然后利用已获得的相关知识进行推理判断,从而得出符合逻辑的结论。在做此类题时,切忌凭主观臆断进行推测。 A little by invited his mther t attend his elementary schl’s first teacher-parent meeting. T the little by’s dismay(沮丧), his mther said she wuld g. This wuld be the first time that his classmates and teachers met his mther and he was embarrassed by her appearance.
There was a severe(严重的) scar (伤疤) that cvered nearly the whle right side f her face. The by never wanted t talk abut why r hw she gt the scar. Accrding t the passage, the little by 　　　. A. didn’t ask his mther t attend the meetingB. didn’t want his mther t attend the meeting at firstC. wanted his mther t attend the meeting at firstD. wasn’t mved by what his mther said
本题属于推理判断题,根据“T the little by’s dismay, his mther said she wuld g.”可知,小男孩听到妈妈要去参加家长会时产生了沮丧的情绪,由此推断他起初是不想让妈妈去参加家长会的,故选B。3. 词义猜测题 此类题需要考生根据上下文确定画线词或短语的准确含义。在解这类题时,首先要找到该词或短语所在的句子,然后确定单词的词性以及单词、短语等在句子中所起的语法作用,明确整个句子的含义,同时对上下文进行认真的分析,以确定上下文中是否有该词的定义、同义词、近义词或反义词,从而得出答案。
还可以根据上下文逻辑关系,联系日常生活中的有关常识,分析出合理的场景因素猜测单词或短语的含义。此外,还可以利用构词法的知识,尤其是词缀法来猜测词义。解题技巧如下: (1)根据上下文猜测词义的技巧:注意定义和解释;同义词或近义词的提示;近义词和反义词的提示;用悬念的属种关系;借助已有知识或生活常识。 (2)通过因果关系猜词 通过因果关系猜词,首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系,然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如because、as、since、fr、s、thus、as a result、f curse、therefre等)表示前因后果。 (3)通过构词法猜词 掌握一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识,猜测词义就不难解决了。
My 10-year-ld Dnna said, “Mm, I made a new friend at schl tday. Can she cme ver tmrrw?” Dnna was a shy girl and I wanted her t make sme friends t bring her ut f her shell. “Sure, hney, that sunds great,” I said, thinking back t my wn best friend, Lillian. The underlined wrds in the first paragraph “t bring her ut f her shell” mean 　　. A. t help her live happilyB. t help her becme smartC. t help her becme less shyD. t help her walk ut f her huse
词义猜测题　根据上文中“她是一个内向的女孩,我希望她交一些朋友”,可以判断这个短语的意思是“让她变得不那么内向”,故选C。4. 主旨大意题 此类题大多数针对段落或文章的主题思想、标题或写作意图。考查考生对于文章的中心思想或全文梗概的领会、理解和概括能力。考生可以通过略读(skimming)来获取文章或者段落的主题和主旨大意。在略读时要注意寻找主题句(the tpic sentence)以帮助理解文章的主题和了解文章的大意。 略读时应该注意:主题句一般是短文的第一句或者最后一句,偶尔位于段落的中间;每一段的主题句一般也是每段的第一、二句或者最后一句。
主旨大意题常见的设问方式:①What’s the main idea f this passage?②What des the passage mainly tell us?③The writer means t tell us that 　　　　. ④The main idea/pint f the passage is that 　　　　. ⑤The passage is mainly abut 　　　　. ⑥Frm the passage, we can learn/cnclude 　　　　. ⑦What can we knw frm the whle passage?⑧The last paragraph is chiefly cncerned with 　　　　. ⑨What’s the best title fr the passage?⑩The best title fr this stry can be 　　　　.
中考英语阅读理解文章的体裁通常可分为记叙文、应用文、议论文、说明文四大类。1. 记叙文 记叙文一般描述一个很完整的故事,然后以点缀的方式给出命题者的意见或者提出问题留给考生思考。一般来说,要读懂这种文章没有多大的困难,题目设置方面也相对简单。此类文章难点在于弄清事情的发展顺序和方向,用当事人的眼光亲历故事。由于故事主线和题目是相关联的,所以叙事性的文章在解题时可以采取一边看一边做的方法,以节约时间。这类文章经常会在结尾部分表达命题者的感悟,考生可由此得出命题者的写作意图。
2. 应用文 这类文章主要包括广告、通知、操作说明、图表等形式,难度不大,主要考查考生对细节的把握。可以先将题目审读一遍,然后再去表格中寻找有用的信息。有时会涉及简单的计算,尤其是对若干人需要多少金钱的计算。这要求考生能根据题目要求,迅速锁定关键区域,进行仔细分析,准确做出计算,要特别关注里面提及的“特殊”情况,如老人票、儿童票等,这样才能做到万无一失。
3. 议论文 对于考生来说,该类文章属于较难的。在该类文章中,不同的人物观点不同,考生很容易混淆文章内容,考生可以先略读第一段和最后一段,了解讨论的对象,然后再看题,找出题中的关键词,带着题和关键词去看文章,有针对性地找出双方的不同观点。 此类文章的主题往往是社会生活中的热点话题,阅读时首先要找出讨论的话题是什么,作者的观点如何,意见相左的对方提出的解决方案是什么。有时,文中除了作者和对方以外,还有第三方角色,比如作者的家人。在这种情况下,要留意角色观点的切换,特别是在前后观点不一致的时候,要多在文章上面做标记,把原因、对立主体、观点、目标、解决方案标出来,这样做题时就会清晰很多。
4. 说明文 根据历年考试情况分析,说明文的长度基本控制在200词左右。文章的主旨大意多出现在第一段。文章最后一段多与第一段呼应。文章中间的部分多是论据或说明文的展开部分。解答这类阅读问题时,要将阅读重点放在首尾部分,中间部分采用略读的方式,这样既能节约时间又能明确目标。
1. 通读全文,把握大意 阅读理解的主旨是要求考生通读全文,理解文章大意。不管是短文、对话,还是图表,都应快速通读一遍,舍弃无关紧要的细节,全力捕捉全文的中心思想,弄清大意,特别要注意事情的起因、时间、地点、涉及的人物、结局等。为了便于快速查找,还可以边阅读边做一些标记。在阅读过程中,目光要快速移动,千万不要反复停顿或回视,要看准关键词、句;同时要不断地对内容做出预测,使大脑的逻辑思维、推理判断贯穿于阅读的整个过程。
2. 细读全文,注重关键词句 针对题目中的问题细读材料,可以缩小阅读范围,迅速地找到与问题有关的信息,细读与题目相关联的词、句、段。在逐句阅读的过程中,目光要瞄准短文中的实词,尤其是名词和动词。同时抓住一些关键的信息,如时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果等。一般说来,这些问题会在文章中有交代说明,运用查阅法是不难找到答案线索的。
3. 分析信息,确定答案 大多数阅读理解题的答案一般都可以直接在短文中找出,所以在阅读时先看清楚题目,记住其中的关键词,然后阅读时,留心在文章中寻找这些关键词,这样题目的答案也就很容易得出了。还有一些题目的答案需要对文章中所给信息进行简单的比较、计算、分析或归纳后才能得出,这就要求做题时认真、仔细。4. 复读全文,核查答案 这是阅读过程的最后一步,也是十分重要的一步。答完后要核对一下文章和答案,看看前后是否一致,意义与语法是否与原文一致,是否合乎逻辑,以便发现问题,及时纠正。
( )1. Wh paints pictures and makes things at the club?A. Sam.B. Bb.C. Rse.D. Emily.
一(2022·河北,A)
Welcme t the City Yuth Club. Find ut what’s ging n!Are yu 10~18 years ld? Open Mnday t Friday 5 pm~8 pm.
Tell us here:
( )2. When can yu d rck climbing at the club?A. Frm Mnday t Friday.B. Frm Tuesday t Thursday.C. On Mndays and Wednesdays.D. On Tuesdays and Thursdays.
( )3. What des Mark like t d at the club?A. Help peple.B. Sell fd.C. Make mney.D. G skatebarding.
二(2022·唐山丰润区二模,D) Sunds are everywhere. Yu have tw cl parts — ears n yur bdy that can let yu hear the sunds. The ear is made up f three different parts: the uter ear, the middle ear and the inner ear. These parts all wrk tgether s yu can hear sunds. The uter ear is the part that yu can see.
( )1. What is the writer trying t d in this passage?A. Refuse an invitatin.B. Express feelings.C. Intrduce bdy parts.D. Cmmunicate experience.
It mves the sund waves(波浪) t the part f the ear inside the head. Inside yur ear, yu have an eardrum(耳膜). The eardrum is a thin piece f skin. Sund waves push against the eardrum. This makes the eardrum vibrate. When it vibrates, it mves its tiny bnes. The bnes help sunds mve alng t the inner ear. Then yu can hear the sunds.
( )2. The underlined wrd “vibrate” in the passage means “　　　”. A. stpB. shakeC. jumpD. ring( )3. The writer gives　　　　pieces f advice n hw t prtect the ear. A. twB. threeC. furD. five
Ears are very useful. With the help f yur ears, yu can hear any sund. Maybe the sund is as quiet as yur cat. Maybe it is s lud, like a plane flying by. Hearing is ne f the mst imprtant senses, and it allws yu t cmmunicate, t learn and t enjy things like music. Believe it r nt, yur ears can help yu keep balance.
( )4. What can we knw frm the passage?A. The inner ear is a thin piece f skin.B. Yur tw ears can keep yur balance.C. Yu shuld always wear yur headphnes.D. Yur ears allw yu t cmmunicate with cats.