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阅读理解热点话题综合练习05-备战高考英语阅读理解热点话题分类训练（高考模拟真题+名校最新真题）
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这是一份阅读理解热点话题综合练习05-备战高考英语阅读理解热点话题分类训练（高考模拟真题+名校最新真题），共21页。
Nw we can chse frm a variety f experts. On the “cnservative” side are thse wh encurage firmness and “tugh lve” with children. On the “liberal” side are thse wh minimize cnfrntatin (冲突) and stress negtiating with children.
Nw parenthd has almst becme prfessinalized s that many parents seek “the best way” t raise their children. Child rearing n lnger is smething that can be dne by traditin, r cmmn sense. There is a “right way” t put a child t bed, t leave a child with a sitter, t get a child started in schl, and t have a friend ver. Because being a parent is a career, like any career the harder we wrk at it the mre we gain. The result is the general feeling that we cannt d enugh fr ur children. Certainly we shuld raise ur children better than we were raised.
1．What can be inferred frm Paragraph 1?
A．Traditinal child rearing wastes much mney.
B．Parents are easy t be misled in child rearing.
C．Family members are majr rles in child rearing.
D．Parents want t have their way f raising children.
2．What’s the pint f the “cnservative” side?
A．Children shuld have mre free space.
B．Parents shuld treat children with equality.
C．Parents shuld becme strict with children.
D．Parents shuld be careful t avid cnflicts.
3．What’s the authr’s attitude twards present parenting?
A．Intlerant.B．Dubtful.
C．Unclear.D．Favrable.
4．What is the suitable title fr the passage?
A．The Rad t Creative ParentingB．The Challenge t Bringing Up Kids
C．The Best Way t Be Clever ParentsD．The Significance f Parents’ Cmpanin
（2023·湖南·校联考三模）Wildlife crssings, which are human-made structures like underpasses, verpasses, r culverts (涵洞) that help animals mve safely arund their habitat, dn’t just prtect animals and bidiversity. They can als reduce the number f car cllisins and save significant mney, a new study finds.
“I thught it wuld be useful t prvide sme infrmatin n the financial benefits f wildlife crssing structures fr plicymakers, transprtatin planners, and cnservatinists”, says Wisnu Sugiart, the authr f the study.
Fr this study, Sugiart studied cllisin infrmatin frm the Washingtn State Department f Transprtatin. He examined data fr 13 f the 22 wildlife crssings in Washingtn State frm 2011 t 2020. Then he made adjustments based n hw clse the crssings were t ther structures and the time it tk t build them. He cmpared the numbers f wildlife-vehicle cllisins each year befre and after the cnstructin f a wildlife crssing. Then he cmpared his analysis t that f a separate area in the state with n crssings at all.
“The findings reprted that wildlife crssing structures reduced the number f wildlife-vehicle cllisins (碰撞)by ne t three accidents n average per mile per year, but nt all structures had statistically significant effects”,Sugiart says.
Using financial estimates frm ther research, he determined that a wildlife crssing ffers an annual benefit f between $235,000 and $443,000 every year. ”Earlier studies fcused n wildlife crssings in Nrth Carlina, Utah, and Wyming. They fund wildlife underpasses and fencing culd imprve rad safety, he says. “My findings cmplement the earlier studies and are als in favr f imprving rad safety.”
Besides, the findings are timely. The Infrastructure Investment and Jbs Act passed in 2021 includes $350 millin ver five years fr the cnstructin f wildlife crssings.
‘‘Befre wrking n this research, I wasn’t aware f any strategies t reduce wildlife-vehicle cllisins. I als thught we culdn’t d much abut it, partly because we can’t cmmunicate with wildlife r cntrl their mvement”, Sugiart says. “Hwever, it turns ut that there are multiple strategies t handle issues related t wildlife-vehicle cllisins and that we can d smething abut them.”
5．What did Sugiart think abut cnducting the study in paragraph 2?
A．It is necessary.
B．It is cst effective.
C．It is difficult t cnduct.
D．It wuld educate the pedestrians.
6．Hw did Sugiart cnduct his study?
A．By turning t previus findings.
B．By referring t prfessinal data.
C．By analyzing the cause f cllisins.
D．By interviewing different passers-by.
7．Why are Sugiart's findings cnsidered t be timely?
A．They ffer a way t ensure rad safety.
B．They draw public attentin t cllisins.
C．They help imprve the safety f wildlife crssings.
D．They prvide evidence fr new plicies n wildlife crssings.
8．What is the effect f the study n Sugiart?
A．It makes him famus.
B．It gives him new tpics t explre.
C．It changes his view n wildlife-vehicle cllisins.
D．It prvides inspiratin fr him t cmmunicate with wildlife.
（2023·重庆九龙坡·统考二模）Lts f peple dislike rats. They slide arund in sewers(下水道). They get in the garbage. They can spread disease. It can be difficult t see their value — ther than as an animal mdel fr studying human illness. But rats have mre t share.
When the first Eurpeans came t Virginia, black rats tk a ride in their ships. They went n t live with the Eurpeans and ften built nests in the walls f peple’s hmes. Thse nests are full f infrmatin abut early settlers. They shw what specific materials the early settlers used, which helps histrians find ut what they culd make and prduce fr themselves —and what they had t imprt frm acrss the cean.
In rats, DNA “really tells a stry abut the peple,” says Emily Puckett, wh studies hw a species’ DNA differs acrss its range. Anther species — the brwn rat can help tell a large stry abut hw peple spread arund the glbe, Puckett finds. Brwn rats were riginally frm Eastern China and Mnglia. Frm there, Puckett’s DNA samples have shwn that the brwn rat spread suth and east, t India and almst everywhere else. The DNA in its bnes culd help determine where the rats came frm — and which cities might have been linked.
At the University f Yrk in England, David Ortn studies animals that lived with ancient humans. Usually, when histrians find remains f an ancient city, they want t dig and find mre. “The truble is that mst f the time, the ancient cities tend t be underneath mdern cities,” Ortn says. “And yu can’t just g and dig the whle thing up.” But yu can fllw the rats. Rats are “very dependent n humans fr their fd supplies and fr their shelter,” he explains.
These rats have given us a new appreciatin. “It was fascinating t think that these little creatures are stealing things, and … safeguarding them fr us t find later,” Maureen Elgersman Lee, a histrian, says.
9．What d histrians prbably learn frm the nest f rats?
A．The appearance f their nests.
B．The family members’ ccupatins.
C．The living cnditins f early settlers.
D．The prcess f their fd transprtatin.
10．Why can the brwn rat help tell a large stry?
A．Because it riginated frm Eastern China.
B．Because its DNA reflected its spreading experience.
C．Because it enjyed travelling arund the glbe.
D．Because its bnes were full f infrmatin f cities.
11．What d David Ortn’s wrds mean?
A．Humans ffered fd and shelter fr rats.
B．Histrians culd study the ancient city by digging.
C．The ancient cities were mstly lcated abve mdern nes.
D．Rats culd ffer a clue t learn the size f ancient cities.
12．What is a suitable title fr the text?
A．Rats Differ frm Regins
B．Rats Change Peple’s Attitude
C．Rats Reveal the Histry f Us
D．Rats Depend n Humans fr Living
（2023·上海普陀·统考二模）The wrld is wasting the pprtunity t “build back better” frm the Cvid-19 pandemic, and faces disastrus temperature rises f at least 2.7°C if cuntries fail t strengthen their climate cmmitments, accrding t a reprt frm the UN.
Tuesday’s publicatin warns that cuntries’ current cmmitments wuld reduce carbn by nly abut 7.5% by 2030,far less than the 45% cut, which scientists say is needed t limit glbal temperature rises t 1.5°℃, the aim f the Cp26summit that pens in Glasgw this Sunday.
Antóni Guterres, the UN secretary-general, described the findings as a “thundering wake-up call“ t wrld leaders. while experts called fr actin against fssil fuel cmpanies.
Althugh mre than 100 cuntries have prmised t reach net zer emissins arund mid-century, this wuld nt be enugh t avid climate disasters, accrding t the UN emissins reprt, which examines the shrtfall between cuntries’ intentins and actins needed n the climate. Many f the net zer cmmitments were fund t be unclear, and unless accmpanied by strict cuts in emissins this decade wuld allw glbal heating f a ptentially disastrus extent.
Guterres said: “The heat is n, and as the cntents f the reprt shw, the leadership we need is ff. Far ff. Cuntries are wasting a massive pprtunity t invest Cvid-19 finance and recvery resurces in sustainable, cst-saving, planet-saving ways. As wrld leaders prepare fr Cp26, this reprt is anther thundering wake-up call. Hw many d we need?”
Inger Andersen, the directr f the UN Envirnment Prgramme (UNEP) said: “Climate change is n lnger a future prblem. It is a nw prblem. T stand a chance f limiting glbal warming t 1.5℃, we have 8 years t almst halve greenhuse gas emissins: 8 years t make the plans, put in place the plicies, carry them ut and deliver the cuts.The clck is ticking ludly.”
Emissins fell by abut 5.4% last year during Cvid lckdwns, the reprt fund, but nly abut ne-fifth f the ecnmic recvery spending ges twards reducing carbn emissins. This failure t ”build back better“ despite prmises by gvernments arund the wrld cast dubt n the wrld’s willingness t make the ecnmic shift necessary t settle the climate crisis, the UN said.
In the run-up t Cp26, cuntries were suppsed t submit natinal plans t cut emissins - called natinally determined cntributins (NDCs) - fr the next decade, a requirement under the 2015 Paris climate agreement. But the UNEP reprt fund nly half f cuntries had submitted new NDCs, and sme gvernments had presented weak plans.
13．Why were the findings described as a “thundering wake-up call”in Para. 3?
A．Because the wrld has failed t deliver n its current prmises.
B．Because the serius prblems were brught abut by glbal fssil fuels.
C．Because a glbal temperature rise f at least 2.7°C wuld be a disaster.
D．Because the pprtunities presented by cvid-19 have been wasted.
14．Accrding t the authr, in what circumstances is glbal warming avidable?
A．New plans will be made t prtect the envirnment.
B．Measures will be taken t reduce emissins in the cming ten years.
C．Transitins will be made in respnse t the glbal climate crisis.
D．Glbal sustainable envirnmental resurces will be greatly develped.
15．What is the authr’s purpse in saying ”Hw many d we need?“ in Para. 5?
A．T shw the number f alarm clcks required.
B．T inquire the number f the cuntries attending the meeting.
C．T explain the reasn fr the wrld’s wasting chances.
D．T stress the need t save energy and reduce emissins.
16．What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A．Few cuntries have submitted plans t reduce the emissins.
B．Mst f the cuntries wrk under the Paris Climate Agreement.
C．Plans t cut emissins f many cuntries are far frm satisfactry.
D．Much prgress in reducing emissins has been made these years.
（2023·江西·校联考二模）There’s a new AI bt in twn: ChatGPT, and yu’d better pay attentin, even if yu aren’t int artificial intelligence. ChatGPT is an AI chatbt system that OpenAI released in Nvember t shw ff and test what a very large, pwerful AI system can accmplish. Yu can ask it cuntless questins and ften will get an answer that’s useful. Fr example, yu can ask it encyclpedia questins like, “Explain Newtn’s laws f mtin.” Yu can tell it, “Write me a pem,” and when it des, say, “Nw make it mre exciting.” Yu ask it t write a cmputer prgram that’ll shw yu all the different ways yu can arrange the letters f a wrd.
ChatGPT is a big deal. The tl seems pretty knwledgeable in areas where there’s gd training data fr it t learn frm. It’s nt all-knwing r smart enugh t replace all humans yet, but it can be creative, and its answers can sund dwnright authritative. A few days after its launch, mre than a millin peple were trying ut ChatGPT. And it’s becming big business. In January, Micrsft pledged t invest billins f dllars int OpenAI, saying it’ll build features int clud services. OpenAI annunced a $20 per mnth ChatGPT Plus service that respnds faster and gets new features sner.
It’s an AT that’s trained t recgnize patterns in vast series f text harvested frm the internet, then further trained with human assistance t deliver mre useful, better dialg. The answers yu get may sund reasnable and even authritative, but they might well be entirely wrng, as OpenAI warns. Smetimes, helpfully, it’ll specifically warn yu f its wn shrtcmings. Fr example, when I asked it wh wrte the phrase “the squirming facts exceed the squamus mind,” ChatGPT replied, “I’m srry, but I am nt able t brwse the internet r access any external infrmatin beynd what I was trained n.” (The phrase is frm Wallace Stevens’ 1942 pem Cnnisseur f Chas.)
The fact that it ffers an answer at all, thugh, is a ntable develpment in cmputing. Cmputers are famusly literal, refusing t wrk unless yu fllw exact syntax and interface requirements. Large language mdels are revealing a mre human-friendly style f interactin, nt t mentin an ability t generate answers that are smewhere between cpying and creativity.
17．Which f the fllwing can be a subtitle fr the first paragraph?
A．What is ChatGPT?
B．What are the limits f ChatGPT?
C．What kind f questins can yu ask?
D．Why is ChatGPT blwing everyne’s mind?
18．What made ChatGPT a big deal?
A．Mre than a millin users.
B．Investment f billins f dllars.
C．Its ability t generate creative answers.
D．The bright future prmised by Micrsft.
19．We can infer the purpse f example in Paragraph Three is t________.
A．Draw peple’s attentin t OpenAI
B．Reveal the weakness f ChatGPT
C．Explain wrk pattern f the system
D．Shw the methds f training ChatGPT
20．Which f the fllwing best describes the authr’s attitude twards ChatGPT?
A．Oppsed.B．Critical.C．Supprtive.D．Objective.
（2023·河北邯郸·统考二模）Scientists have learned mre abut the inner wrkings f the Earth by studying the way waves frm earthquakes travel thrugh the planet’s center. The results suggest that the Earth’s inner cre may be starting t spin mre slwly than the Earth.
The Earth’s cre has tw parts: the uter cre and the inner cre. Bth f these are made mainly f the metals irn and nickel. The uter cre is liquid. But the inner cre is a slid ball held in this liquid almst like the ylk(蛋黄) in an egg.
Scientists suspected fr a lng time that the inner cre might be spinning slightly differently frm the way the Earth spins.
In the 1990s, tw scientists, Paul Richards and Xiadng Sng, studied the inner cre by lking at the waves frm earthquakes that travel thrugh the center f the Earth. They fcused n grups and pairs f waves frm earthquakes that naturally repeat. If the inner cre was spinning exactly with the Earth, each wave f the pair shuld have taken the same time t pass thrugh the Earth. Instead, sme mved faster than thers. This was because they were hitting different parts f the inner cre as it spun. Their studies revealed that the inner cre was spinning in the same directin as the Earth, but slightly faster.
Nw Dr. Sng and Yi Yang—anther scientist wh studies the Earth—say they’ve used the same methd t learn that the Earth’s inner cre may be starting t spin slwer than the Earth. The researchers studied earthquake wave pairs frm Alaska, ging all the way back t 1964. They nticed that the inner cre’s spin als seemed t change speed in the early 1970s. The scientists say that the inner cre may have a pattern f speeding up and slwing dwn every 70 years r s.
Nt everyne agrees. Many scientists wh study the Earth say mre infrmatin needed t figure ut what is really ging n.
21．Why is an egg mentined in the secnd paragraph?
A．T explain hw the Earth’s cre mves.
B．T shw the imprtance f the inner cre.
C．T illustrate the cmpsitin f the uter cre.
D．T help picture the structure f the Earth’s cre
22．What did the scientists discver abut the inner cre in the 1990s?
A．It sent ut earthquake waves.B．It changed speed repeatedly.
C．It mved exactly with the Earth.D．It mved a little faster than the Earth.
23．What des the authr say abut the study result?
A．It is accurate and reliable.B．It excites the scientists.
C．It needs further cnfirmatin.D．It has caused a heated discussin. .
24．What is the text?
A．A science reprt.B．A sci-fi stry.C．A diary entry.D．A brchure.
（2023·四川成都·石室中学校考三模）It all started when I typed a perfectly reasnable prmpt (提示词)int ne f several apps n the market that can create an image based n text. “Skull space laser dinsaur starship explsin, ” I wrte. The app prcessed fr a few secnds, and returned fur images, ne f which was strangely accurate: a dinsaur-lking skull screamed ut f an empty space, trailing fire. Text-t-image AIs identify images by lking at the text that peple have used t describe thse pictures nline. When the app gt my prmpt, it studied images that randm peple had described as “dinsaur” r laser and sn then used what is called a diffusin mdel (扩散模型) t add a bunch f randm chas t thse pictures. Once they were suitably cmpleted, it “upscaled” them, remving nise and sharpening fcus. Its wrk is s gd that an artist using it recently wn first place fr digital images at the Clrad State Fair.
But there is the questin f all the ther pictures nline that are being transfrmed int AI-generated masterpieces. As many artists have pinted ut, their wrks are being used withut payment. The image-generating algrithm (算法) creates illustratins and even mvies by using data sets stcked with art stlen frm artists wh pst their wrks nline.
Sme AI researchers argue that their algrithms aren’t stealing frm artists s much as learning frm them just as human artists learn frm each ther. But a mre ethical apprach wuld be fr cmpanies t acknwledge their debt t artists and create a mdel f vluntary cllective licensing, much like what radi statins first did in radi’s early days. Back then, musicians created grups like BMI t cllectively license their music t radi statins-then BMI wuld pay artists based n hw ften their sngs were played. Perhaps artists and art institutins tday culd frm a “cllecting sciety” that wuld allw cmpanies t license their artwrk fr data sets.
T create ethical AI systems, we need t acknwledge the peple whse wrk makes thse systems s magical. We can’t simply take advantage f every image nline - we need humans t manage thse data sets and we need t pay them t d it.
25．What can we learn abut Text-t-image Als frm the first tw paragraphs?
A．They are develped t prcess pictures.
B．They are used t describe nline pictures.
C．They use a diffusin mdel t beautify pictures.
D．They create their wrks based n nline pictures.
26．One f the issues raised by the success f Text-t-image AIs is ________.
A．the influence upn art creatin
B．the availability f nline pictures
C．the neglect f the artists’
D．the prspect f artists being replaced
27．Why did the authr mentin BMI in Paragraph 4?
A．T intrduce the rle that BMI played in AI histry.
B．T present a way t regulate the use f nline pictures.
C．T prve the necessity f licensing music t radi statins.
D．T demnstrate the urgency f frming a cllecting sciety.
28．What can we infer frm the passage?
A．It is nt practical t imprve the image-generating algrithm.
B．The functin f Text-t-image AIs shuldn’t be underestimated.
C．Human effrts shuld be valued in the applicatin f Text-t-image AIs.
D．Cmpanies shuld be held respnsible fr the illegal pictures n public websites.
（2023·四川德阳·四川省绵竹中学统考三模）Every Sunday at 2 p. m., Marisela Gdinez, the wner f El Mesón Tequilería, a Mexican restaurant in Austin, Texas, used t fill a 12-galln bucket, plus anther half-bucket, with leftver fd frm the restaurant’s all-yu-can-eat brunch buffet. “We threw ut a lt f fd,” she said.
But a few mnths ag Ms. Gdinez signed up t use an app called T Gd T G. Nw, 10 custmers pick up “surprise bags” f her leftvers fr $ 5. 99 each, and she sends far fewer leftvers t the landfill.
Arund the cuntry, apps that cnnect custmers t businesses with leftver fd have begun t spread. The cncept is simple: Restaurants and grcery stres thrw away huge amunts f fd every day. Rather than trash it, apps like T Gd T G and Flashfd help businesses sell it at a reduced price. They claim that the businesses and buyers are helping the envirnment because the fd wuld therwise becme fd waste, a big cntributr t climate change.
Fd prductin itself is a majr cntributr t greenhuse gas emissins, accunting fr between a quarter and a third f glbal emissins. Each step f the prcess-grwing, harvesting, mving, prcessing, packaging, string and preparing fd-releases carbn dixide,methane and ther planet-warming gases. When the fd is wasted, s are all thse emissins. In additin, nce unused fd reaches landfills, it breaks dwn and releases mre methane.
T Gd T G has tried t gamify (游戏化) buying leftver fd. In the United States, custmers in 12 cities can brwse restaurants and stres, then reserve “surprise bags” that typically cst abut $4 t $ 6 and cntain fd that wuld have been riginally priced at rughly three times that amunt. The bags can be picked up at a certain time windw.
Accrding t interviews with several cmpanies selling n T Gd T G, at least a few items fr sale there aren’t necessarily what buyers might think f as “fd waste”. A beverage cmpany wner said he used the app t sell discntinued prducts and he als wanted t try selling new flavrs there in hpes f attracting new custmers.
29．Hw des Marisela Gdinez deal with leftvers nw?
A．By thrwing them int buckets.B．By sending them t the landfill.
C．By selling them n the special app.D．By ffering them t custmers fr free.
30．What des Paragraph 4 really want t say?
A．The cmplex prcess f fd prductin.
B．The best way t reduce gas emissin.
C．The ppularity f T Gd T G.
D．The negative effect f fd waste.
31．What can we infer frm the passage?
A．Different kinds f games can be played n the app.
B．The gal f the app is t help peple find fd easily.
C．Discntinued prducts are sld n T Gd T G.
D．New fd prducts might be bught n T Gd T G.
32．What’s the passage mainly abut?
A．T Gd T G helps cut a significant amunt f fd waste.
B．T Gd T G inspires everyne t fight against gas emissin.
C．T Gd T G saves a number f peple frm being hungry.
D．T Gd T G cntributes t the increase f the business well.
参考答案：
1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了育儿观念的发展变化，过去育儿靠家人的帮助，现在育儿会采用专家的观点，但这些观点容易让人进入误区，但是家长们逐渐懂得辨别和选择，逐渐采用最佳的专业化育儿方式。
1．推理判断题。从第一段中“Unfrtunately, that expert advice has been interpreted in the cntext f scial trends and changed int child rearing fashins that later have been cast aside alng with the reputatins f sme unreal experts whse names have been assciated with thse child rearing eras.（不幸的是，这些专家的建议在社会趋势的背景下被解读，变成了育儿时尚，后来随着一些不实的专家的名声而被抛弃，他们的名字与那些育儿时代联系在一起。）”可推知，专家的育儿建议变成时尚，被很多家长采用，但是实际上有些专家名不副实，是在误导家长，因此B项（父母在养育孩子的过程中很容易被误导）符合题意。故选B。
2．细节理解题。从第三段中“On the “cnservative” side are thse wh encurage firmness and “tugh lve” with children.（“保守”的一方是那些支持严格和给予孩子“严爱”的人。）”可知，“保守”方主张家长应该严厉地对待孩子，C项符合题意。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Because being a parent is a career, like any career the harder we wrk at it the mre we gain. The result is the general feeling that we cannt d enugh fr ur children. Certainly we shuld raise ur children better than we were raised.（因为为人父母是一种职业，就像任何职业一样，我们越努力，收获就越多。其结果是，人们普遍觉得我们为孩子做得还不够。当然，我们应该把我们的孩子培养得比我们被培养得更好。）”可知，随着育儿变得专业化，作者认为为人父母是一项职业，而这项职业是可以凭借努力收获的，并且现在的父母可以比过去的父母做得更好。由此推知，作者对于现在的育儿持支持态度，D项“Favrable（支持的）”符合题意。故选D。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了育儿观念的发展变化，过去育儿靠家人的帮助，现在育儿会采用专家的观点，但这些观点容易让人进入误区，但是家长们逐渐懂得辨别和选择，逐渐采用最佳的专业化育儿方式。因此，A项“创意育儿的发展历程”能概括文章的大意，适合作为文章的标题。故选A。
5．A 6．B 7．D 8．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是野生动物过境点是人造结构，如地下通道、天桥或涵洞，帮助动物安全地在栖息地周围移动，不仅保护动物和生物多样性。一项新的研究发现，它们还可以减少汽车碰撞的次数，节省大量资金。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“I thught it wuld be useful t prvide sme infrmatin n the financial benefits f wildlife crssing structures fr plicymakers, transprtatin planners, and cnservatinists(我认为，为政策制定者、交通规划者和环保主义者提供一些关于野生动物过境结构的经济效益的信息将是有用的。)”可知，Sugiart认为该研究对政策制定者、交通规划者和环保主义者提供了一些关于野生动物国境结构的经济效用的信息，这是有用的，故表示这些提供的信息是必要的。故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段中“He examined data fr 13 f the 22 wildlife crssings in Washingtn State frm 2011 t 2020. Then he made adjustments based n hw clse the crssings were t ther structures and the time it tk t build them. (他研究了2011年至2020年华盛顿州22个野生动物过境点中13个的数据。然后，他根据十字路口与其他建筑物的距离以及建造它们所需的时间进行了调整。)”可知，该项研究通过对专业数据的分析而开展的。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Besides, the findings are timely. The Infrastructure Investment and Jbs Act passed in 2021 includes $350 millin ver five years fr the cnstructin f wildlife crssings.(此外，这些发现是及时的。2021年通过的《基础设施投资和就业法案》包括在五年内为野生动物过境点建设提供3.5亿美元。)”可知，正是这项研究发现及时地公布，才通过了《基础设施投资和就业法案》，由此为野生动物过境点建设提供3.5亿美元。故选D。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Befre wrking n this research, I wasn’t aware f any strategies t reduce wildlife-vehicle cllisins.(在从事这项研究之前，我不知道有任何减少野生动物车辆碰撞的策略。)”以及“Hwever, it turns ut that there are multiple strategies t handle issues related t wildlife-vehicle cllisins and that we can d smething abut them.(然而，事实证明，有多种策略可以处理与野生动物车辆碰撞有关的问题，我们可以对此采取一些措施。)”可知，通过该项研究，改变了他对野生动物车辆碰撞的看法。故选C。
9．C 10．B 11．D 12．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍老鼠除了作为研究人类疾病的动物模型之外，还可以帮助人们了解人类的历史。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“They went n t live with the Eurpeans and ften built nests in the walls f peple’s hmes. Thse nests are full f infrmatin abut early settlers. They shw what specific materials the early settlers used, which helps histrians find ut what they culd make and prduce fr themselves —and what they had t imprt frm acrss the cean.(它们继续与欧洲人生活在一起，经常在人们家的墙上筑巢。这些巢穴里充满了早期定居者的信息。它们展示了早期定居者使用的具体材料，这有助于历史学家了解他们可以为自己制造和生产什么，以及他们必须从大洋彼岸进口什。)”可知，老鼠的巢穴可以帮助历史学家们了解早期定居者的生活条件。故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Anther species — the brwn rat can help tell a large stry abut hw peple spread arund the glbe, Puckett finds. Brwn rats were riginally frm Eastern China and Mnglia. Frm there, Puckett’s DNA samples have shwn that the brwn rat spread suth and east, t India and almst everywhere else.( Puckett发现，另一个物种——褐鼠可以帮助我们了解人类是如何在全球范围内扩散的。褐鼠原产于中国东部和蒙古。从那里，Puckett的DNA样本显示，褐鼠向南部和东部扩散，到达印度和几乎所有其他地方)”可知，褐鼠能够帮助了解人类历史，是因为其DNA反映了其传播的经历。故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“At the University f Yrk in England, David Ortn studies animals that lived with ancient humans. Usually, when histrians find remains f an ancient city, they want t dig and find mre. “The truble is that mst f the time, the ancient cities tend t be underneath mdern cities,” Ortn says. “And yu can’t just g and dig the whle thing up.” But yu can fllw the rats. Rats are “very dependent n humans fr their fd supplies and fr their shelter,” he explains.(在英国约克大学，David Ortn研究与古代人类生活在一起的动物。通常，当历史学家发现一座古城的遗迹时，他们想要挖掘更多。“问题是，大多数时候，古代城市往往在现代城市的下面，”Ortn说。“你不能把所有的东西都挖出来。”但你可以跟着老鼠走。他解释说，老鼠“非常依赖人类提供食物和住所”。)”推知，老鼠可以帮助历史学家了解古代城市的规模。故选D。
12．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“It can be difficult t see their value — ther than as an animal mdel fr studying human illness. But rats have mre t share.(除了作为研究人类疾病的动物模型之外，很难看到它们的价值。但是老鼠有更多的东西可以分享)”以及第三段“In rats, DNA “really tells a stry abut the peple,” says Emily Puckett, wh studies hw a species’ DNA differs acrss its range.(在老鼠身上，DNA“确实讲述了一个关于人类的故事，”Emily Puckett说，她研究的是一个物种的DNA在其分布范围内的差异)”并结合全文内容可知，文章主要介绍的是老鼠揭露了人类的历史。所以“Rats Reveal the Histry f Us(老鼠揭示了我们的历史)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选C。
13．C 14．B 15．D 16．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。根据联合国的一份报告，世界正在浪费从Cvid-19大流行中“更好地重建”的机会，如果各国不能加强其气候承诺，世界将面临至少2.7摄氏度的灾难性气温上升。文章介绍全球减排的重要性和所采取的措施。
13．推理判断题。根据第一段“The wrld is wasting the pprtunity t ‘build back better’ frm the Cvid-19 pandemic, and faces disastrus temperature rises f at least 2.7°C if cuntries fail t strengthen their climate cmmitments, accrding t a reprt frm the UN.（根据联合国的一份报告，世界正在浪费从Cvid-19大流行中“更好地重建”的机会，如果各国不能加强其气候承诺，世界将面临至少2.7摄氏度的灾难性气温上升。）”可知，在第3段中，之所以这些发现被描述为“雷鸣般的警钟”，是因为全球气温上升至少2.7摄氏度将是一场灾难。故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据第四段“Althugh mre than 100 cuntries have prmised t reach net zer emissins arund mid-century, this wuld nt be enugh t avid climate disasters, accrding t the UN emissins reprt, which examines the shrtfall between cuntries’ intentins and actins needed n the climate. Many f the net zer cmmitments were fund t be unclear, and unless accmpanied by strict cuts in emissins this decade wuld allw glbal heating f a ptentially disastrus extent.（联合国排放报告指出，尽管100多个国家承诺在本世纪中叶左右实现净零排放，但这仍不足以避免气候灾难。该报告审视了各国在气候问题上的意图与所需行动之间的差距。人们发现，许多净零承诺并不明确，除非在这十年严格削减排放，否则全球变暖将达到潜在的灾难性程度。）”可知，根据作者的观点，在未来十年只有采取减少排放的措施，全球变暖才可以避免。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Cuntries are wasting a massive pprtunity t invest Cvid-19 finance and recvery resurces in sustainable, cst-saving, planet-saving ways. As wrld leaders prepare fr Cp26, this reprt is anther thundering wake-up call.（各国正在浪费以可持续、节约成本和保护地球的方式投入Cvid-19融资和恢复资源的巨大机会。在世界各国领导人为Cp26做准备之际，这份报告再次敲响了警钟。）”和第六段中“Climate change is n lnger a future prblem. It is a nw prblem. T stand a chance f limiting glbal warming t 1.5℃, we have 8 years t almst halve greenhuse gas emissins: 8 years t make the plans, put in place the plicies, carry them ut and deliver the cuts.（气候变化不再是未来的问题。这是一个现在的问题。为了有机会将全球变暖控制在1.5℃以内，我们有8年的时间将温室气体排放量减少近一半:8年的时间来制定计划、实施政策、执行并实现减排。）”，可知，在第5段作者说“Hw many d we need?”的目的是强调节能减排的必要性。故选D。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In the run-up t Cp26, cuntries were suppsed t submit natinal plans t cut emissins - called natinally determined cntributins (NDCs) - fr the next decade, a requirement under the 2015 Paris climate agreement. But the UNEP reprt fund nly half f cuntries had submitted new NDCs, and sme gvernments had presented weak plans.（在Cp26的筹备阶段，各国应该提交未来十年的国家减排计划，即国家自主贡献(NDCs)，这是2015年巴黎气候协议的要求。但联合国环境规划署的报告发现，只有一半的国家提交了新的国家自主贡献，一些政府提出的计划也很薄弱。）”，可知，从最后一段可以推断出“许多国家的减排计划远不能令人满意。”故选C。
17．A 18．C 19．B 20．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能机器人ChatGPT的相关信息。
17．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“There’s a new AI bt in twn: ChatGPT, and yu’d better pay attentin, even if yu aren’t int artificial intelligence. ChatGPT is an AI chatbt system that OpenAI released in Nvember t shw ff and test what a very large, pwerful AI system can accmplish. Yu can ask it cuntless questins and ften will get an answer that’s useful.( 有一个新的人工智能机器人在城里:ChatGPT，你最好关注一下，即使你不喜欢人工智能。ChatGPT是OpenAI在11月发布的一款AI聊天机器人系统，旨在展示和测试一个非常强大的AI系统可以完成的任务。你可以问它无数的问题，通常会得到一个有用的答案)”可知，什么是ChatGPT可以作为第一段的副标题。故选A。
18．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“ChatGPT is a big deal. The tl seems pretty knwledgeable in areas where there’s gd training data fr it t learn frm. It’s nt all-knwing r smart enugh t replace all humans yet, but it can be creative, and its answers can sund dwnright authritative.( ChatGPT是一个重要的事物。这个工具在有好的训练数据供它学习的领域似乎很有知识。它还不是无所不知或聪明到足以取代所有人类，但它可以很有创造力，它的答案听起来完全是权威的)”可知，ChatGPT生成创造性答案的能力使它成为一个重要的事物。故选C。
19．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Smetimes, helpfully, it’ll specifically warn yu f its wn shrtcmings. Fr example, when I asked it wh wrte the phrase “the squirming facts exceed the squamus mind,” ChatGPT replied, “I’m srry, but I am nt able t brwse the internet r access any external infrmatin beynd what I was trained n.”(The phrase is frm Wallace Stevens’ 1942 pem Cnnisseur f Chas.)( 有时，它会特别提醒你它自己的缺点。例如，当我问它是谁写了“扭曲的事实超过了鳞状的头脑”这句话时，ChatGPT回答说:“很抱歉，我不能浏览互联网，也不能访问任何超出我所接受培训的外部信息。(这句话出自华莱士·史蒂文斯1942年的诗《混沌鉴赏家》。))”可知，第三段的例子是为了揭示ChatGPT的弱点。故选B。
20．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The fact that it ffers an answer at all, thugh, is a ntable develpment in cmputing. (事实上，它提供了一个答案，这是计算领域的一个显著发展。)”可推知，作者对ChatGPT持支持的态度。故选C。
21．D 22．D 23．C 24．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项研究发现，地球内核的自转速度可能开始比地球慢，但这一发现并非所有人认可，仍需要进一步弄清到底发生了什么。
21．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The Earth’s cre has tw parts: the uter cre and the inner cre. Bth f these are made mainly f the metals irn and nickel. The uter cre is liquid. But the inner cre is a slid ball held in this liquid …(地核有两部分：外核和内核。这两种金属主要由铁和镍构成。外核是液态的。但内核是一个被液体包裹的固体球……)”可知，本段主要介绍的是地球内核的构造，与鸡蛋的构造有相似之处，所以，此处提到鸡蛋是以此来说明地球内核构造。故选D项。
22．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“In the 1990s, tw scientists, Paul Richards and Xiadng Sng, studied the inner cre by lking at the waves frm earthquakes that travel thrugh the center f the Earth.(上世纪90年代，保罗·查兹（Paul Richards）和宋晓东（Xiadng Sng）两位科学家通过观察穿过地球中心的地震波来研究地核。)”和“Their studies revealed that the inner cre was spinning in the same directin as the Earth, but slightly faster.(他们的研究表明，内核的旋转方向与地球相同，但速度略快。)”可知，20世纪90年代对地球内核的研究发现，地球内核的旋转方向与地球相同，但速度略快。故选D项。
23．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Nt everyne agrees. Many scientists wh study the Earth say mre infrmatin needed t figure ut what is really ging n.(并非所有人都同意。许多研究地球的科学家表示，需要更多的信息来弄清楚到底发生了什么。)”可知，研究结果并非所有人都认可，仍需要进一步弄清到底发生了什么，由此可知，这项研究需要进一步证实。故选C项。
24．推理判断题。根据首段中的“Scientists have learned mre abut the inner wrkings f the Earth by studying the way waves frm earthquakes travel thrugh the planet’s center. The results suggest that the Earth’s inner cre may be starting t spin mre slwly than the Earth.(通过研究地震波穿过地球中心的方式，科学家们对地球的内部运作有了更多的了解。结果表明，地球内核的自转速度可能开始比地球慢。)”可知，本文讲述的是科学研究发现，地球内核可能开始比地球旋转的更慢，下文对此研究进行分析，由此可知，本文是一篇科学研究报告。故选A项。
25．D 26．C 27．B 28．C
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文本到图像AI可以基于文本创建图像, 但也由此带来了许多道德问题, 文章对这些问题的解决提出了方法和建议。
25． 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“It all started when I typed a perfectly reasnable prmpt (提示词) int ne f several apps n the market that can create an image based n text. (这一切都是从我在市面上几个可以基于文本创建图像的应用程序之一中键入一个非常合理的提示开始的。)”和“Text-t-image AIs identify images by lking at the text that peple have used t describe thse pictures nline. When the app gt my prmpt, it studied images that randm peple had described as “dinsaur” r laser and sn then used what is called a diffusin mdel (扩散模型) t add a bunch f randm chas t thse pictures.(文本到图像AI通过查看人们用来在线描述这些图片的文本来识别图像。当应用程序收到我的提示时, 它研究了随机人描述为“恐龙＇或激光的图像, 然后很快使用所谓的扩散模型为这些图像添加了一堆随机的混乱。)”可知, 文本到图像AI根据在线图片创作作品。故选D项。
26．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“As many artists have pinted ut, their wrks are being used withut payment. (正如许多艺术家所指出的, 他们的作品被免费使用。)”可知, 文本到图像AI的成功带来的问题之一是对艺术家版权的忽视。故选C项。
27．推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Perhaps artists and art institutins tday culd frm a “cllecting sciety” that wuld allw cmpanies t license their artwrk fr data sets. (也许今天的艺术家和艺术机构可以组建一个“收藏协会”, 允许公司授权其艺术作品用于数据集。)”可知, 作者在第四段中提到BMI是为了提出一种规范网络图片使用的方法。故选B项。
28．推理判断题。根据最后一段“T create ethical AI systems, we need t acknwledge the peple whse wrk makes thse systems s magical. We can’t simply take advantage f every image nline-we need humans t manage thse data sets and we need t pay them t d it. (为了创造合乎道德的人工智能系统, 我们需要承认那些让这些系统如此神奇的人。我们不能简单地利用网上的每一张图片, 我们需要人类来管理这些数据集, 我们需要支付他们的费用。)”可知, 在文本到图像AI的运用中, 应重视人类的努力。故选C项。
29．C 30．D 31．D 32．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款名为“T Gd T G”的应用程序，该程序有效地帮助商家减少了食物的浪费。
29．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“But a few mnths ag Ms. Gdinez signed up t use an app called T Gd T G. Nw, 10 custmers pick up “surprise bags” f her leftvers fr $ 5. 99 each, and she sends far fewer leftvers t the landfill.(但几个月前，Gdinez女士注册使用了一款名为T Gd t G的应用。现在，10名顾客以5美元的价格买了她的“惊喜袋”剩菜。每人99美元，而且她送去垃圾填埋场的剩菜要少得多。)”可知，以及文章第三段“Rather than trash it, apps like T Gd T G and Flashfd help businesses sell it at a reduced price.(像T Gd T G和Flashfd这样的应用程序并没有把它扔掉，而是帮助商家以更低的价格出售它。)”可知，现在Gdinez女士把剩菜都卖给了T Gd T G这款应用软件，再由T Gd T G卖给其他顾客。故选C。
30．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“Fd prductin itself is a majr cntributr t greenhuse gas emissins, accunting fr between a quarter and a third f glbal emissins. Each step f the prcess-grwing, harvesting, mving, prcessing, packaging, string and preparing fd-releases carbn dixide, methane and ther planet-warming gases. When the fd is wasted, s are all thse emissins. In additin, nce unused fd reaches landfills, it breaks dwn and releases mre methane.(粮食生产本身就是温室气体排放的主要来源，占全球排放量的四分之一到三分之一。种植、收获、运输、加工、包装、储存和准备食物的每一步都会释放二氧化碳、甲烷和其他导致地球变暖的气体。当食物被浪费时，所有的排放物也都被浪费了。此外，一旦未使用的食物到达垃圾填埋场，它就会分解并释放更多的甲烷。)”可知，第四段主要讲述了粮食的生产会产生温室气体，而一旦被浪费，就会分解并释放更多的甲烷。所以我们可以从这段了解食物浪费的负面影响。故选D。
31．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“A beverage cmpany wner said he used the app t sell discntinued prducts and he als wanted t try selling new flavrs there in hpes f attracting new custmers.(一家饮料公司的老板说，他使用这款应用销售已停产的产品，他也想尝试在那里销售新口味的产品，希望能吸引新客户。)”可知，有的老板有可能利用这款应用来推销新口味的产品。由此可推断，我们有可能从T Gd T G网站上买到新食品。故选D。
32．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“But a few mnths ag Ms. Gdinez signed up t use an app called T Gd T G. Nw, 10 custmers pick up “surprise bags” f her leftvers fr $ 5. 99 each, and she sends far fewer leftvers t the landfill.(但几个月前，Gdinez女士注册使用了一款名为T Gd t G的应用。现在，10名顾客以5美元的价格买了她的“惊喜袋”剩菜。每人99美元，而且她送去垃圾填埋场的剩菜要少得多。)”以及文章第三段“Arund the cuntry, apps that cnnect custmers t businesses with leftver fd have begun t spread. The cncept is simple: Restaurants and grcery stres thrw away huge amunts f fd every day. Rather than trash it, apps like T Gd T G and Flashfd help businesses sell it at a reduced price. They claim that the businesses and buyers are helping the envirnment because the fd wuld therwise becme fd waste, a big cntributr t climate change. (在全国范围内，将消费者与剩饭商家联系起来的应用程序已经开始普及。这个概念很简单：餐馆和杂货店每天扔掉大量的食物。像T Gd T G和Flashfd这样的应用程序并没有把它扔掉，而是帮助商家以更低的价格出售它。他们声称，商家和买家是在帮助环境，因为如果不这样做，这些食物就会变成食物浪费，成为气候变化的一个重要因素。)”，再联系整篇文章可知，文章主要介绍了T Gd T G帮助商家减少了大量的食物浪费。故选A。
Nw we can chse frm a variety f experts. On the “cnservative” side are thse wh encurage firmness and “tugh lve” with children. On the “liberal” side are thse wh minimize cnfrntatin (冲突) and stress negtiating with children.
Nw parenthd has almst becme prfessinalized s that many parents seek “the best way” t raise their children. Child rearing n lnger is smething that can be dne by traditin, r cmmn sense. There is a “right way” t put a child t bed, t leave a child with a sitter, t get a child started in schl, and t have a friend ver. Because being a parent is a career, like any career the harder we wrk at it the mre we gain. The result is the general feeling that we cannt d enugh fr ur children. Certainly we shuld raise ur children better than we were raised.
1．What can be inferred frm Paragraph 1?
A．Traditinal child rearing wastes much mney.
B．Parents are easy t be misled in child rearing.
C．Family members are majr rles in child rearing.
D．Parents want t have their way f raising children.
2．What’s the pint f the “cnservative” side?
A．Children shuld have mre free space.
B．Parents shuld treat children with equality.
C．Parents shuld becme strict with children.
D．Parents shuld be careful t avid cnflicts.
3．What’s the authr’s attitude twards present parenting?
A．Intlerant.B．Dubtful.
C．Unclear.D．Favrable.
4．What is the suitable title fr the passage?
A．The Rad t Creative ParentingB．The Challenge t Bringing Up Kids
C．The Best Way t Be Clever ParentsD．The Significance f Parents’ Cmpanin
（2023·湖南·校联考三模）Wildlife crssings, which are human-made structures like underpasses, verpasses, r culverts (涵洞) that help animals mve safely arund their habitat, dn’t just prtect animals and bidiversity. They can als reduce the number f car cllisins and save significant mney, a new study finds.
“I thught it wuld be useful t prvide sme infrmatin n the financial benefits f wildlife crssing structures fr plicymakers, transprtatin planners, and cnservatinists”, says Wisnu Sugiart, the authr f the study.
Fr this study, Sugiart studied cllisin infrmatin frm the Washingtn State Department f Transprtatin. He examined data fr 13 f the 22 wildlife crssings in Washingtn State frm 2011 t 2020. Then he made adjustments based n hw clse the crssings were t ther structures and the time it tk t build them. He cmpared the numbers f wildlife-vehicle cllisins each year befre and after the cnstructin f a wildlife crssing. Then he cmpared his analysis t that f a separate area in the state with n crssings at all.
“The findings reprted that wildlife crssing structures reduced the number f wildlife-vehicle cllisins (碰撞)by ne t three accidents n average per mile per year, but nt all structures had statistically significant effects”,Sugiart says.
Using financial estimates frm ther research, he determined that a wildlife crssing ffers an annual benefit f between $235,000 and $443,000 every year. ”Earlier studies fcused n wildlife crssings in Nrth Carlina, Utah, and Wyming. They fund wildlife underpasses and fencing culd imprve rad safety, he says. “My findings cmplement the earlier studies and are als in favr f imprving rad safety.”
Besides, the findings are timely. The Infrastructure Investment and Jbs Act passed in 2021 includes $350 millin ver five years fr the cnstructin f wildlife crssings.
‘‘Befre wrking n this research, I wasn’t aware f any strategies t reduce wildlife-vehicle cllisins. I als thught we culdn’t d much abut it, partly because we can’t cmmunicate with wildlife r cntrl their mvement”, Sugiart says. “Hwever, it turns ut that there are multiple strategies t handle issues related t wildlife-vehicle cllisins and that we can d smething abut them.”
5．What did Sugiart think abut cnducting the study in paragraph 2?
A．It is necessary.
B．It is cst effective.
C．It is difficult t cnduct.
D．It wuld educate the pedestrians.
6．Hw did Sugiart cnduct his study?
A．By turning t previus findings.
B．By referring t prfessinal data.
C．By analyzing the cause f cllisins.
D．By interviewing different passers-by.
7．Why are Sugiart's findings cnsidered t be timely?
A．They ffer a way t ensure rad safety.
B．They draw public attentin t cllisins.
C．They help imprve the safety f wildlife crssings.
D．They prvide evidence fr new plicies n wildlife crssings.
8．What is the effect f the study n Sugiart?
A．It makes him famus.
B．It gives him new tpics t explre.
C．It changes his view n wildlife-vehicle cllisins.
D．It prvides inspiratin fr him t cmmunicate with wildlife.
（2023·重庆九龙坡·统考二模）Lts f peple dislike rats. They slide arund in sewers(下水道). They get in the garbage. They can spread disease. It can be difficult t see their value — ther than as an animal mdel fr studying human illness. But rats have mre t share.
When the first Eurpeans came t Virginia, black rats tk a ride in their ships. They went n t live with the Eurpeans and ften built nests in the walls f peple’s hmes. Thse nests are full f infrmatin abut early settlers. They shw what specific materials the early settlers used, which helps histrians find ut what they culd make and prduce fr themselves —and what they had t imprt frm acrss the cean.
In rats, DNA “really tells a stry abut the peple,” says Emily Puckett, wh studies hw a species’ DNA differs acrss its range. Anther species — the brwn rat can help tell a large stry abut hw peple spread arund the glbe, Puckett finds. Brwn rats were riginally frm Eastern China and Mnglia. Frm there, Puckett’s DNA samples have shwn that the brwn rat spread suth and east, t India and almst everywhere else. The DNA in its bnes culd help determine where the rats came frm — and which cities might have been linked.
At the University f Yrk in England, David Ortn studies animals that lived with ancient humans. Usually, when histrians find remains f an ancient city, they want t dig and find mre. “The truble is that mst f the time, the ancient cities tend t be underneath mdern cities,” Ortn says. “And yu can’t just g and dig the whle thing up.” But yu can fllw the rats. Rats are “very dependent n humans fr their fd supplies and fr their shelter,” he explains.
These rats have given us a new appreciatin. “It was fascinating t think that these little creatures are stealing things, and … safeguarding them fr us t find later,” Maureen Elgersman Lee, a histrian, says.
9．What d histrians prbably learn frm the nest f rats?
A．The appearance f their nests.
B．The family members’ ccupatins.
C．The living cnditins f early settlers.
D．The prcess f their fd transprtatin.
10．Why can the brwn rat help tell a large stry?
A．Because it riginated frm Eastern China.
B．Because its DNA reflected its spreading experience.
C．Because it enjyed travelling arund the glbe.
D．Because its bnes were full f infrmatin f cities.
11．What d David Ortn’s wrds mean?
A．Humans ffered fd and shelter fr rats.
B．Histrians culd study the ancient city by digging.
C．The ancient cities were mstly lcated abve mdern nes.
D．Rats culd ffer a clue t learn the size f ancient cities.
12．What is a suitable title fr the text?
A．Rats Differ frm Regins
B．Rats Change Peple’s Attitude
C．Rats Reveal the Histry f Us
D．Rats Depend n Humans fr Living
（2023·上海普陀·统考二模）The wrld is wasting the pprtunity t “build back better” frm the Cvid-19 pandemic, and faces disastrus temperature rises f at least 2.7°C if cuntries fail t strengthen their climate cmmitments, accrding t a reprt frm the UN.
Tuesday’s publicatin warns that cuntries’ current cmmitments wuld reduce carbn by nly abut 7.5% by 2030,far less than the 45% cut, which scientists say is needed t limit glbal temperature rises t 1.5°℃, the aim f the Cp26summit that pens in Glasgw this Sunday.
Antóni Guterres, the UN secretary-general, described the findings as a “thundering wake-up call“ t wrld leaders. while experts called fr actin against fssil fuel cmpanies.
Althugh mre than 100 cuntries have prmised t reach net zer emissins arund mid-century, this wuld nt be enugh t avid climate disasters, accrding t the UN emissins reprt, which examines the shrtfall between cuntries’ intentins and actins needed n the climate. Many f the net zer cmmitments were fund t be unclear, and unless accmpanied by strict cuts in emissins this decade wuld allw glbal heating f a ptentially disastrus extent.
Guterres said: “The heat is n, and as the cntents f the reprt shw, the leadership we need is ff. Far ff. Cuntries are wasting a massive pprtunity t invest Cvid-19 finance and recvery resurces in sustainable, cst-saving, planet-saving ways. As wrld leaders prepare fr Cp26, this reprt is anther thundering wake-up call. Hw many d we need?”
Inger Andersen, the directr f the UN Envirnment Prgramme (UNEP) said: “Climate change is n lnger a future prblem. It is a nw prblem. T stand a chance f limiting glbal warming t 1.5℃, we have 8 years t almst halve greenhuse gas emissins: 8 years t make the plans, put in place the plicies, carry them ut and deliver the cuts.The clck is ticking ludly.”
Emissins fell by abut 5.4% last year during Cvid lckdwns, the reprt fund, but nly abut ne-fifth f the ecnmic recvery spending ges twards reducing carbn emissins. This failure t ”build back better“ despite prmises by gvernments arund the wrld cast dubt n the wrld’s willingness t make the ecnmic shift necessary t settle the climate crisis, the UN said.
In the run-up t Cp26, cuntries were suppsed t submit natinal plans t cut emissins - called natinally determined cntributins (NDCs) - fr the next decade, a requirement under the 2015 Paris climate agreement. But the UNEP reprt fund nly half f cuntries had submitted new NDCs, and sme gvernments had presented weak plans.
13．Why were the findings described as a “thundering wake-up call”in Para. 3?
A．Because the wrld has failed t deliver n its current prmises.
B．Because the serius prblems were brught abut by glbal fssil fuels.
C．Because a glbal temperature rise f at least 2.7°C wuld be a disaster.
D．Because the pprtunities presented by cvid-19 have been wasted.
14．Accrding t the authr, in what circumstances is glbal warming avidable?
A．New plans will be made t prtect the envirnment.
B．Measures will be taken t reduce emissins in the cming ten years.
C．Transitins will be made in respnse t the glbal climate crisis.
D．Glbal sustainable envirnmental resurces will be greatly develped.
15．What is the authr’s purpse in saying ”Hw many d we need?“ in Para. 5?
A．T shw the number f alarm clcks required.
B．T inquire the number f the cuntries attending the meeting.
C．T explain the reasn fr the wrld’s wasting chances.
D．T stress the need t save energy and reduce emissins.
16．What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A．Few cuntries have submitted plans t reduce the emissins.
B．Mst f the cuntries wrk under the Paris Climate Agreement.
C．Plans t cut emissins f many cuntries are far frm satisfactry.
D．Much prgress in reducing emissins has been made these years.
（2023·江西·校联考二模）There’s a new AI bt in twn: ChatGPT, and yu’d better pay attentin, even if yu aren’t int artificial intelligence. ChatGPT is an AI chatbt system that OpenAI released in Nvember t shw ff and test what a very large, pwerful AI system can accmplish. Yu can ask it cuntless questins and ften will get an answer that’s useful. Fr example, yu can ask it encyclpedia questins like, “Explain Newtn’s laws f mtin.” Yu can tell it, “Write me a pem,” and when it des, say, “Nw make it mre exciting.” Yu ask it t write a cmputer prgram that’ll shw yu all the different ways yu can arrange the letters f a wrd.
ChatGPT is a big deal. The tl seems pretty knwledgeable in areas where there’s gd training data fr it t learn frm. It’s nt all-knwing r smart enugh t replace all humans yet, but it can be creative, and its answers can sund dwnright authritative. A few days after its launch, mre than a millin peple were trying ut ChatGPT. And it’s becming big business. In January, Micrsft pledged t invest billins f dllars int OpenAI, saying it’ll build features int clud services. OpenAI annunced a $20 per mnth ChatGPT Plus service that respnds faster and gets new features sner.
It’s an AT that’s trained t recgnize patterns in vast series f text harvested frm the internet, then further trained with human assistance t deliver mre useful, better dialg. The answers yu get may sund reasnable and even authritative, but they might well be entirely wrng, as OpenAI warns. Smetimes, helpfully, it’ll specifically warn yu f its wn shrtcmings. Fr example, when I asked it wh wrte the phrase “the squirming facts exceed the squamus mind,” ChatGPT replied, “I’m srry, but I am nt able t brwse the internet r access any external infrmatin beynd what I was trained n.” (The phrase is frm Wallace Stevens’ 1942 pem Cnnisseur f Chas.)
The fact that it ffers an answer at all, thugh, is a ntable develpment in cmputing. Cmputers are famusly literal, refusing t wrk unless yu fllw exact syntax and interface requirements. Large language mdels are revealing a mre human-friendly style f interactin, nt t mentin an ability t generate answers that are smewhere between cpying and creativity.
17．Which f the fllwing can be a subtitle fr the first paragraph?
A．What is ChatGPT?
B．What are the limits f ChatGPT?
C．What kind f questins can yu ask?
D．Why is ChatGPT blwing everyne’s mind?
18．What made ChatGPT a big deal?
A．Mre than a millin users.
B．Investment f billins f dllars.
C．Its ability t generate creative answers.
D．The bright future prmised by Micrsft.
19．We can infer the purpse f example in Paragraph Three is t________.
A．Draw peple’s attentin t OpenAI
B．Reveal the weakness f ChatGPT
C．Explain wrk pattern f the system
D．Shw the methds f training ChatGPT
20．Which f the fllwing best describes the authr’s attitude twards ChatGPT?
A．Oppsed.B．Critical.C．Supprtive.D．Objective.
（2023·河北邯郸·统考二模）Scientists have learned mre abut the inner wrkings f the Earth by studying the way waves frm earthquakes travel thrugh the planet’s center. The results suggest that the Earth’s inner cre may be starting t spin mre slwly than the Earth.
The Earth’s cre has tw parts: the uter cre and the inner cre. Bth f these are made mainly f the metals irn and nickel. The uter cre is liquid. But the inner cre is a slid ball held in this liquid almst like the ylk(蛋黄) in an egg.
Scientists suspected fr a lng time that the inner cre might be spinning slightly differently frm the way the Earth spins.
In the 1990s, tw scientists, Paul Richards and Xiadng Sng, studied the inner cre by lking at the waves frm earthquakes that travel thrugh the center f the Earth. They fcused n grups and pairs f waves frm earthquakes that naturally repeat. If the inner cre was spinning exactly with the Earth, each wave f the pair shuld have taken the same time t pass thrugh the Earth. Instead, sme mved faster than thers. This was because they were hitting different parts f the inner cre as it spun. Their studies revealed that the inner cre was spinning in the same directin as the Earth, but slightly faster.
Nw Dr. Sng and Yi Yang—anther scientist wh studies the Earth—say they’ve used the same methd t learn that the Earth’s inner cre may be starting t spin slwer than the Earth. The researchers studied earthquake wave pairs frm Alaska, ging all the way back t 1964. They nticed that the inner cre’s spin als seemed t change speed in the early 1970s. The scientists say that the inner cre may have a pattern f speeding up and slwing dwn every 70 years r s.
Nt everyne agrees. Many scientists wh study the Earth say mre infrmatin needed t figure ut what is really ging n.
21．Why is an egg mentined in the secnd paragraph?
A．T explain hw the Earth’s cre mves.
B．T shw the imprtance f the inner cre.
C．T illustrate the cmpsitin f the uter cre.
D．T help picture the structure f the Earth’s cre
22．What did the scientists discver abut the inner cre in the 1990s?
A．It sent ut earthquake waves.B．It changed speed repeatedly.
C．It mved exactly with the Earth.D．It mved a little faster than the Earth.
23．What des the authr say abut the study result?
A．It is accurate and reliable.B．It excites the scientists.
C．It needs further cnfirmatin.D．It has caused a heated discussin. .
24．What is the text?
A．A science reprt.B．A sci-fi stry.C．A diary entry.D．A brchure.
（2023·四川成都·石室中学校考三模）It all started when I typed a perfectly reasnable prmpt (提示词)int ne f several apps n the market that can create an image based n text. “Skull space laser dinsaur starship explsin, ” I wrte. The app prcessed fr a few secnds, and returned fur images, ne f which was strangely accurate: a dinsaur-lking skull screamed ut f an empty space, trailing fire. Text-t-image AIs identify images by lking at the text that peple have used t describe thse pictures nline. When the app gt my prmpt, it studied images that randm peple had described as “dinsaur” r laser and sn then used what is called a diffusin mdel (扩散模型) t add a bunch f randm chas t thse pictures. Once they were suitably cmpleted, it “upscaled” them, remving nise and sharpening fcus. Its wrk is s gd that an artist using it recently wn first place fr digital images at the Clrad State Fair.
But there is the questin f all the ther pictures nline that are being transfrmed int AI-generated masterpieces. As many artists have pinted ut, their wrks are being used withut payment. The image-generating algrithm (算法) creates illustratins and even mvies by using data sets stcked with art stlen frm artists wh pst their wrks nline.
Sme AI researchers argue that their algrithms aren’t stealing frm artists s much as learning frm them just as human artists learn frm each ther. But a mre ethical apprach wuld be fr cmpanies t acknwledge their debt t artists and create a mdel f vluntary cllective licensing, much like what radi statins first did in radi’s early days. Back then, musicians created grups like BMI t cllectively license their music t radi statins-then BMI wuld pay artists based n hw ften their sngs were played. Perhaps artists and art institutins tday culd frm a “cllecting sciety” that wuld allw cmpanies t license their artwrk fr data sets.
T create ethical AI systems, we need t acknwledge the peple whse wrk makes thse systems s magical. We can’t simply take advantage f every image nline - we need humans t manage thse data sets and we need t pay them t d it.
25．What can we learn abut Text-t-image Als frm the first tw paragraphs?
A．They are develped t prcess pictures.
B．They are used t describe nline pictures.
C．They use a diffusin mdel t beautify pictures.
D．They create their wrks based n nline pictures.
26．One f the issues raised by the success f Text-t-image AIs is ________.
A．the influence upn art creatin
B．the availability f nline pictures
C．the neglect f the artists’
D．the prspect f artists being replaced
27．Why did the authr mentin BMI in Paragraph 4?
A．T intrduce the rle that BMI played in AI histry.
B．T present a way t regulate the use f nline pictures.
C．T prve the necessity f licensing music t radi statins.
D．T demnstrate the urgency f frming a cllecting sciety.
28．What can we infer frm the passage?
A．It is nt practical t imprve the image-generating algrithm.
B．The functin f Text-t-image AIs shuldn’t be underestimated.
C．Human effrts shuld be valued in the applicatin f Text-t-image AIs.
D．Cmpanies shuld be held respnsible fr the illegal pictures n public websites.
（2023·四川德阳·四川省绵竹中学统考三模）Every Sunday at 2 p. m., Marisela Gdinez, the wner f El Mesón Tequilería, a Mexican restaurant in Austin, Texas, used t fill a 12-galln bucket, plus anther half-bucket, with leftver fd frm the restaurant’s all-yu-can-eat brunch buffet. “We threw ut a lt f fd,” she said.
But a few mnths ag Ms. Gdinez signed up t use an app called T Gd T G. Nw, 10 custmers pick up “surprise bags” f her leftvers fr $ 5. 99 each, and she sends far fewer leftvers t the landfill.
Arund the cuntry, apps that cnnect custmers t businesses with leftver fd have begun t spread. The cncept is simple: Restaurants and grcery stres thrw away huge amunts f fd every day. Rather than trash it, apps like T Gd T G and Flashfd help businesses sell it at a reduced price. They claim that the businesses and buyers are helping the envirnment because the fd wuld therwise becme fd waste, a big cntributr t climate change.
Fd prductin itself is a majr cntributr t greenhuse gas emissins, accunting fr between a quarter and a third f glbal emissins. Each step f the prcess-grwing, harvesting, mving, prcessing, packaging, string and preparing fd-releases carbn dixide,methane and ther planet-warming gases. When the fd is wasted, s are all thse emissins. In additin, nce unused fd reaches landfills, it breaks dwn and releases mre methane.
T Gd T G has tried t gamify (游戏化) buying leftver fd. In the United States, custmers in 12 cities can brwse restaurants and stres, then reserve “surprise bags” that typically cst abut $4 t $ 6 and cntain fd that wuld have been riginally priced at rughly three times that amunt. The bags can be picked up at a certain time windw.
Accrding t interviews with several cmpanies selling n T Gd T G, at least a few items fr sale there aren’t necessarily what buyers might think f as “fd waste”. A beverage cmpany wner said he used the app t sell discntinued prducts and he als wanted t try selling new flavrs there in hpes f attracting new custmers.
29．Hw des Marisela Gdinez deal with leftvers nw?
A．By thrwing them int buckets.B．By sending them t the landfill.
C．By selling them n the special app.D．By ffering them t custmers fr free.
30．What des Paragraph 4 really want t say?
A．The cmplex prcess f fd prductin.
B．The best way t reduce gas emissin.
C．The ppularity f T Gd T G.
D．The negative effect f fd waste.
31．What can we infer frm the passage?
A．Different kinds f games can be played n the app.
B．The gal f the app is t help peple find fd easily.
C．Discntinued prducts are sld n T Gd T G.
D．New fd prducts might be bught n T Gd T G.
32．What’s the passage mainly abut?
A．T Gd T G helps cut a significant amunt f fd waste.
B．T Gd T G inspires everyne t fight against gas emissin.
C．T Gd T G saves a number f peple frm being hungry.
D．T Gd T G cntributes t the increase f the business well.
参考答案：
1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了育儿观念的发展变化，过去育儿靠家人的帮助，现在育儿会采用专家的观点，但这些观点容易让人进入误区，但是家长们逐渐懂得辨别和选择，逐渐采用最佳的专业化育儿方式。
1．推理判断题。从第一段中“Unfrtunately, that expert advice has been interpreted in the cntext f scial trends and changed int child rearing fashins that later have been cast aside alng with the reputatins f sme unreal experts whse names have been assciated with thse child rearing eras.（不幸的是，这些专家的建议在社会趋势的背景下被解读，变成了育儿时尚，后来随着一些不实的专家的名声而被抛弃，他们的名字与那些育儿时代联系在一起。）”可推知，专家的育儿建议变成时尚，被很多家长采用，但是实际上有些专家名不副实，是在误导家长，因此B项（父母在养育孩子的过程中很容易被误导）符合题意。故选B。
2．细节理解题。从第三段中“On the “cnservative” side are thse wh encurage firmness and “tugh lve” with children.（“保守”的一方是那些支持严格和给予孩子“严爱”的人。）”可知，“保守”方主张家长应该严厉地对待孩子，C项符合题意。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Because being a parent is a career, like any career the harder we wrk at it the mre we gain. The result is the general feeling that we cannt d enugh fr ur children. Certainly we shuld raise ur children better than we were raised.（因为为人父母是一种职业，就像任何职业一样，我们越努力，收获就越多。其结果是，人们普遍觉得我们为孩子做得还不够。当然，我们应该把我们的孩子培养得比我们被培养得更好。）”可知，随着育儿变得专业化，作者认为为人父母是一项职业，而这项职业是可以凭借努力收获的，并且现在的父母可以比过去的父母做得更好。由此推知，作者对于现在的育儿持支持态度，D项“Favrable（支持的）”符合题意。故选D。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了育儿观念的发展变化，过去育儿靠家人的帮助，现在育儿会采用专家的观点，但这些观点容易让人进入误区，但是家长们逐渐懂得辨别和选择，逐渐采用最佳的专业化育儿方式。因此，A项“创意育儿的发展历程”能概括文章的大意，适合作为文章的标题。故选A。
5．A 6．B 7．D 8．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是野生动物过境点是人造结构，如地下通道、天桥或涵洞，帮助动物安全地在栖息地周围移动，不仅保护动物和生物多样性。一项新的研究发现，它们还可以减少汽车碰撞的次数，节省大量资金。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“I thught it wuld be useful t prvide sme infrmatin n the financial benefits f wildlife crssing structures fr plicymakers, transprtatin planners, and cnservatinists(我认为，为政策制定者、交通规划者和环保主义者提供一些关于野生动物过境结构的经济效益的信息将是有用的。)”可知，Sugiart认为该研究对政策制定者、交通规划者和环保主义者提供了一些关于野生动物国境结构的经济效用的信息，这是有用的，故表示这些提供的信息是必要的。故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段中“He examined data fr 13 f the 22 wildlife crssings in Washingtn State frm 2011 t 2020. Then he made adjustments based n hw clse the crssings were t ther structures and the time it tk t build them. (他研究了2011年至2020年华盛顿州22个野生动物过境点中13个的数据。然后，他根据十字路口与其他建筑物的距离以及建造它们所需的时间进行了调整。)”可知，该项研究通过对专业数据的分析而开展的。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Besides, the findings are timely. The Infrastructure Investment and Jbs Act passed in 2021 includes $350 millin ver five years fr the cnstructin f wildlife crssings.(此外，这些发现是及时的。2021年通过的《基础设施投资和就业法案》包括在五年内为野生动物过境点建设提供3.5亿美元。)”可知，正是这项研究发现及时地公布，才通过了《基础设施投资和就业法案》，由此为野生动物过境点建设提供3.5亿美元。故选D。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Befre wrking n this research, I wasn’t aware f any strategies t reduce wildlife-vehicle cllisins.(在从事这项研究之前，我不知道有任何减少野生动物车辆碰撞的策略。)”以及“Hwever, it turns ut that there are multiple strategies t handle issues related t wildlife-vehicle cllisins and that we can d smething abut them.(然而，事实证明，有多种策略可以处理与野生动物车辆碰撞有关的问题，我们可以对此采取一些措施。)”可知，通过该项研究，改变了他对野生动物车辆碰撞的看法。故选C。
9．C 10．B 11．D 12．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍老鼠除了作为研究人类疾病的动物模型之外，还可以帮助人们了解人类的历史。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“They went n t live with the Eurpeans and ften built nests in the walls f peple’s hmes. Thse nests are full f infrmatin abut early settlers. They shw what specific materials the early settlers used, which helps histrians find ut what they culd make and prduce fr themselves —and what they had t imprt frm acrss the cean.(它们继续与欧洲人生活在一起，经常在人们家的墙上筑巢。这些巢穴里充满了早期定居者的信息。它们展示了早期定居者使用的具体材料，这有助于历史学家了解他们可以为自己制造和生产什么，以及他们必须从大洋彼岸进口什。)”可知，老鼠的巢穴可以帮助历史学家们了解早期定居者的生活条件。故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Anther species — the brwn rat can help tell a large stry abut hw peple spread arund the glbe, Puckett finds. Brwn rats were riginally frm Eastern China and Mnglia. Frm there, Puckett’s DNA samples have shwn that the brwn rat spread suth and east, t India and almst everywhere else.( Puckett发现，另一个物种——褐鼠可以帮助我们了解人类是如何在全球范围内扩散的。褐鼠原产于中国东部和蒙古。从那里，Puckett的DNA样本显示，褐鼠向南部和东部扩散，到达印度和几乎所有其他地方)”可知，褐鼠能够帮助了解人类历史，是因为其DNA反映了其传播的经历。故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“At the University f Yrk in England, David Ortn studies animals that lived with ancient humans. Usually, when histrians find remains f an ancient city, they want t dig and find mre. “The truble is that mst f the time, the ancient cities tend t be underneath mdern cities,” Ortn says. “And yu can’t just g and dig the whle thing up.” But yu can fllw the rats. Rats are “very dependent n humans fr their fd supplies and fr their shelter,” he explains.(在英国约克大学，David Ortn研究与古代人类生活在一起的动物。通常，当历史学家发现一座古城的遗迹时，他们想要挖掘更多。“问题是，大多数时候，古代城市往往在现代城市的下面，”Ortn说。“你不能把所有的东西都挖出来。”但你可以跟着老鼠走。他解释说，老鼠“非常依赖人类提供食物和住所”。)”推知，老鼠可以帮助历史学家了解古代城市的规模。故选D。
12．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“It can be difficult t see their value — ther than as an animal mdel fr studying human illness. But rats have mre t share.(除了作为研究人类疾病的动物模型之外，很难看到它们的价值。但是老鼠有更多的东西可以分享)”以及第三段“In rats, DNA “really tells a stry abut the peple,” says Emily Puckett, wh studies hw a species’ DNA differs acrss its range.(在老鼠身上，DNA“确实讲述了一个关于人类的故事，”Emily Puckett说，她研究的是一个物种的DNA在其分布范围内的差异)”并结合全文内容可知，文章主要介绍的是老鼠揭露了人类的历史。所以“Rats Reveal the Histry f Us(老鼠揭示了我们的历史)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选C。
13．C 14．B 15．D 16．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。根据联合国的一份报告，世界正在浪费从Cvid-19大流行中“更好地重建”的机会，如果各国不能加强其气候承诺，世界将面临至少2.7摄氏度的灾难性气温上升。文章介绍全球减排的重要性和所采取的措施。
13．推理判断题。根据第一段“The wrld is wasting the pprtunity t ‘build back better’ frm the Cvid-19 pandemic, and faces disastrus temperature rises f at least 2.7°C if cuntries fail t strengthen their climate cmmitments, accrding t a reprt frm the UN.（根据联合国的一份报告，世界正在浪费从Cvid-19大流行中“更好地重建”的机会，如果各国不能加强其气候承诺，世界将面临至少2.7摄氏度的灾难性气温上升。）”可知，在第3段中，之所以这些发现被描述为“雷鸣般的警钟”，是因为全球气温上升至少2.7摄氏度将是一场灾难。故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据第四段“Althugh mre than 100 cuntries have prmised t reach net zer emissins arund mid-century, this wuld nt be enugh t avid climate disasters, accrding t the UN emissins reprt, which examines the shrtfall between cuntries’ intentins and actins needed n the climate. Many f the net zer cmmitments were fund t be unclear, and unless accmpanied by strict cuts in emissins this decade wuld allw glbal heating f a ptentially disastrus extent.（联合国排放报告指出，尽管100多个国家承诺在本世纪中叶左右实现净零排放，但这仍不足以避免气候灾难。该报告审视了各国在气候问题上的意图与所需行动之间的差距。人们发现，许多净零承诺并不明确，除非在这十年严格削减排放，否则全球变暖将达到潜在的灾难性程度。）”可知，根据作者的观点，在未来十年只有采取减少排放的措施，全球变暖才可以避免。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Cuntries are wasting a massive pprtunity t invest Cvid-19 finance and recvery resurces in sustainable, cst-saving, planet-saving ways. As wrld leaders prepare fr Cp26, this reprt is anther thundering wake-up call.（各国正在浪费以可持续、节约成本和保护地球的方式投入Cvid-19融资和恢复资源的巨大机会。在世界各国领导人为Cp26做准备之际，这份报告再次敲响了警钟。）”和第六段中“Climate change is n lnger a future prblem. It is a nw prblem. T stand a chance f limiting glbal warming t 1.5℃, we have 8 years t almst halve greenhuse gas emissins: 8 years t make the plans, put in place the plicies, carry them ut and deliver the cuts.（气候变化不再是未来的问题。这是一个现在的问题。为了有机会将全球变暖控制在1.5℃以内，我们有8年的时间将温室气体排放量减少近一半:8年的时间来制定计划、实施政策、执行并实现减排。）”，可知，在第5段作者说“Hw many d we need?”的目的是强调节能减排的必要性。故选D。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In the run-up t Cp26, cuntries were suppsed t submit natinal plans t cut emissins - called natinally determined cntributins (NDCs) - fr the next decade, a requirement under the 2015 Paris climate agreement. But the UNEP reprt fund nly half f cuntries had submitted new NDCs, and sme gvernments had presented weak plans.（在Cp26的筹备阶段，各国应该提交未来十年的国家减排计划，即国家自主贡献(NDCs)，这是2015年巴黎气候协议的要求。但联合国环境规划署的报告发现，只有一半的国家提交了新的国家自主贡献，一些政府提出的计划也很薄弱。）”，可知，从最后一段可以推断出“许多国家的减排计划远不能令人满意。”故选C。
17．A 18．C 19．B 20．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能机器人ChatGPT的相关信息。
17．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“There’s a new AI bt in twn: ChatGPT, and yu’d better pay attentin, even if yu aren’t int artificial intelligence. ChatGPT is an AI chatbt system that OpenAI released in Nvember t shw ff and test what a very large, pwerful AI system can accmplish. Yu can ask it cuntless questins and ften will get an answer that’s useful.( 有一个新的人工智能机器人在城里:ChatGPT，你最好关注一下，即使你不喜欢人工智能。ChatGPT是OpenAI在11月发布的一款AI聊天机器人系统，旨在展示和测试一个非常强大的AI系统可以完成的任务。你可以问它无数的问题，通常会得到一个有用的答案)”可知，什么是ChatGPT可以作为第一段的副标题。故选A。
18．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“ChatGPT is a big deal. The tl seems pretty knwledgeable in areas where there’s gd training data fr it t learn frm. It’s nt all-knwing r smart enugh t replace all humans yet, but it can be creative, and its answers can sund dwnright authritative.( ChatGPT是一个重要的事物。这个工具在有好的训练数据供它学习的领域似乎很有知识。它还不是无所不知或聪明到足以取代所有人类，但它可以很有创造力，它的答案听起来完全是权威的)”可知，ChatGPT生成创造性答案的能力使它成为一个重要的事物。故选C。
19．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Smetimes, helpfully, it’ll specifically warn yu f its wn shrtcmings. Fr example, when I asked it wh wrte the phrase “the squirming facts exceed the squamus mind,” ChatGPT replied, “I’m srry, but I am nt able t brwse the internet r access any external infrmatin beynd what I was trained n.”(The phrase is frm Wallace Stevens’ 1942 pem Cnnisseur f Chas.)( 有时，它会特别提醒你它自己的缺点。例如，当我问它是谁写了“扭曲的事实超过了鳞状的头脑”这句话时，ChatGPT回答说:“很抱歉，我不能浏览互联网，也不能访问任何超出我所接受培训的外部信息。(这句话出自华莱士·史蒂文斯1942年的诗《混沌鉴赏家》。))”可知，第三段的例子是为了揭示ChatGPT的弱点。故选B。
20．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The fact that it ffers an answer at all, thugh, is a ntable develpment in cmputing. (事实上，它提供了一个答案，这是计算领域的一个显著发展。)”可推知，作者对ChatGPT持支持的态度。故选C。
21．D 22．D 23．C 24．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项研究发现，地球内核的自转速度可能开始比地球慢，但这一发现并非所有人认可，仍需要进一步弄清到底发生了什么。
21．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The Earth’s cre has tw parts: the uter cre and the inner cre. Bth f these are made mainly f the metals irn and nickel. The uter cre is liquid. But the inner cre is a slid ball held in this liquid …(地核有两部分：外核和内核。这两种金属主要由铁和镍构成。外核是液态的。但内核是一个被液体包裹的固体球……)”可知，本段主要介绍的是地球内核的构造，与鸡蛋的构造有相似之处，所以，此处提到鸡蛋是以此来说明地球内核构造。故选D项。
22．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“In the 1990s, tw scientists, Paul Richards and Xiadng Sng, studied the inner cre by lking at the waves frm earthquakes that travel thrugh the center f the Earth.(上世纪90年代，保罗·查兹（Paul Richards）和宋晓东（Xiadng Sng）两位科学家通过观察穿过地球中心的地震波来研究地核。)”和“Their studies revealed that the inner cre was spinning in the same directin as the Earth, but slightly faster.(他们的研究表明，内核的旋转方向与地球相同，但速度略快。)”可知，20世纪90年代对地球内核的研究发现，地球内核的旋转方向与地球相同，但速度略快。故选D项。
23．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Nt everyne agrees. Many scientists wh study the Earth say mre infrmatin needed t figure ut what is really ging n.(并非所有人都同意。许多研究地球的科学家表示，需要更多的信息来弄清楚到底发生了什么。)”可知，研究结果并非所有人都认可，仍需要进一步弄清到底发生了什么，由此可知，这项研究需要进一步证实。故选C项。
24．推理判断题。根据首段中的“Scientists have learned mre abut the inner wrkings f the Earth by studying the way waves frm earthquakes travel thrugh the planet’s center. The results suggest that the Earth’s inner cre may be starting t spin mre slwly than the Earth.(通过研究地震波穿过地球中心的方式，科学家们对地球的内部运作有了更多的了解。结果表明，地球内核的自转速度可能开始比地球慢。)”可知，本文讲述的是科学研究发现，地球内核可能开始比地球旋转的更慢，下文对此研究进行分析，由此可知，本文是一篇科学研究报告。故选A项。
25．D 26．C 27．B 28．C
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文本到图像AI可以基于文本创建图像, 但也由此带来了许多道德问题, 文章对这些问题的解决提出了方法和建议。
25． 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“It all started when I typed a perfectly reasnable prmpt (提示词) int ne f several apps n the market that can create an image based n text. (这一切都是从我在市面上几个可以基于文本创建图像的应用程序之一中键入一个非常合理的提示开始的。)”和“Text-t-image AIs identify images by lking at the text that peple have used t describe thse pictures nline. When the app gt my prmpt, it studied images that randm peple had described as “dinsaur” r laser and sn then used what is called a diffusin mdel (扩散模型) t add a bunch f randm chas t thse pictures.(文本到图像AI通过查看人们用来在线描述这些图片的文本来识别图像。当应用程序收到我的提示时, 它研究了随机人描述为“恐龙＇或激光的图像, 然后很快使用所谓的扩散模型为这些图像添加了一堆随机的混乱。)”可知, 文本到图像AI根据在线图片创作作品。故选D项。
26．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“As many artists have pinted ut, their wrks are being used withut payment. (正如许多艺术家所指出的, 他们的作品被免费使用。)”可知, 文本到图像AI的成功带来的问题之一是对艺术家版权的忽视。故选C项。
27．推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Perhaps artists and art institutins tday culd frm a “cllecting sciety” that wuld allw cmpanies t license their artwrk fr data sets. (也许今天的艺术家和艺术机构可以组建一个“收藏协会”, 允许公司授权其艺术作品用于数据集。)”可知, 作者在第四段中提到BMI是为了提出一种规范网络图片使用的方法。故选B项。
28．推理判断题。根据最后一段“T create ethical AI systems, we need t acknwledge the peple whse wrk makes thse systems s magical. We can’t simply take advantage f every image nline-we need humans t manage thse data sets and we need t pay them t d it. (为了创造合乎道德的人工智能系统, 我们需要承认那些让这些系统如此神奇的人。我们不能简单地利用网上的每一张图片, 我们需要人类来管理这些数据集, 我们需要支付他们的费用。)”可知, 在文本到图像AI的运用中, 应重视人类的努力。故选C项。
29．C 30．D 31．D 32．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款名为“T Gd T G”的应用程序，该程序有效地帮助商家减少了食物的浪费。
29．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“But a few mnths ag Ms. Gdinez signed up t use an app called T Gd T G. Nw, 10 custmers pick up “surprise bags” f her leftvers fr $ 5. 99 each, and she sends far fewer leftvers t the landfill.(但几个月前，Gdinez女士注册使用了一款名为T Gd t G的应用。现在，10名顾客以5美元的价格买了她的“惊喜袋”剩菜。每人99美元，而且她送去垃圾填埋场的剩菜要少得多。)”可知，以及文章第三段“Rather than trash it, apps like T Gd T G and Flashfd help businesses sell it at a reduced price.(像T Gd T G和Flashfd这样的应用程序并没有把它扔掉，而是帮助商家以更低的价格出售它。)”可知，现在Gdinez女士把剩菜都卖给了T Gd T G这款应用软件，再由T Gd T G卖给其他顾客。故选C。
30．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“Fd prductin itself is a majr cntributr t greenhuse gas emissins, accunting fr between a quarter and a third f glbal emissins. Each step f the prcess-grwing, harvesting, mving, prcessing, packaging, string and preparing fd-releases carbn dixide, methane and ther planet-warming gases. When the fd is wasted, s are all thse emissins. In additin, nce unused fd reaches landfills, it breaks dwn and releases mre methane.(粮食生产本身就是温室气体排放的主要来源，占全球排放量的四分之一到三分之一。种植、收获、运输、加工、包装、储存和准备食物的每一步都会释放二氧化碳、甲烷和其他导致地球变暖的气体。当食物被浪费时，所有的排放物也都被浪费了。此外，一旦未使用的食物到达垃圾填埋场，它就会分解并释放更多的甲烷。)”可知，第四段主要讲述了粮食的生产会产生温室气体，而一旦被浪费，就会分解并释放更多的甲烷。所以我们可以从这段了解食物浪费的负面影响。故选D。
31．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“A beverage cmpany wner said he used the app t sell discntinued prducts and he als wanted t try selling new flavrs there in hpes f attracting new custmers.(一家饮料公司的老板说，他使用这款应用销售已停产的产品，他也想尝试在那里销售新口味的产品，希望能吸引新客户。)”可知，有的老板有可能利用这款应用来推销新口味的产品。由此可推断，我们有可能从T Gd T G网站上买到新食品。故选D。
32．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“But a few mnths ag Ms. Gdinez signed up t use an app called T Gd T G. Nw, 10 custmers pick up “surprise bags” f her leftvers fr $ 5. 99 each, and she sends far fewer leftvers t the landfill.(但几个月前，Gdinez女士注册使用了一款名为T Gd t G的应用。现在，10名顾客以5美元的价格买了她的“惊喜袋”剩菜。每人99美元，而且她送去垃圾填埋场的剩菜要少得多。)”以及文章第三段“Arund the cuntry, apps that cnnect custmers t businesses with leftver fd have begun t spread. The cncept is simple: Restaurants and grcery stres thrw away huge amunts f fd every day. Rather than trash it, apps like T Gd T G and Flashfd help businesses sell it at a reduced price. They claim that the businesses and buyers are helping the envirnment because the fd wuld therwise becme fd waste, a big cntributr t climate change. (在全国范围内，将消费者与剩饭商家联系起来的应用程序已经开始普及。这个概念很简单：餐馆和杂货店每天扔掉大量的食物。像T Gd T G和Flashfd这样的应用程序并没有把它扔掉，而是帮助商家以更低的价格出售它。他们声称，商家和买家是在帮助环境，因为如果不这样做，这些食物就会变成食物浪费，成为气候变化的一个重要因素。)”，再联系整篇文章可知，文章主要介绍了T Gd T G帮助商家减少了大量的食物浪费。故选A。
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